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class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Jefferson Rusk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Томас Джэферсан Раск – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Томас Джэферсан Раск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="توماس جفرسون راسک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توماس جفرسون راسک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83" title="توماس چيفيرسون روسك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس چيفيرسون روسك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Раск, Томас Джефферсон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раск, Томас Джефферсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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For the Maryland State Senate member, see <a href="/wiki/Harry_Welles_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Welles Rusk">Harry Welles Rusk</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Thomas Jefferson Rusk</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThomasJeffersonRusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ThomasJeffersonRusk.jpg/200px-ThomasJeffersonRusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ThomasJeffersonRusk.jpg/300px-ThomasJeffersonRusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/ThomasJeffersonRusk.jpg/400px-ThomasJeffersonRusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="949" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 14, 1857 – July 29, 1857</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">James M. Mason</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Benjamin Fitzpatrick</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 21, 1846 – July 29, 1857</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Pinckney_Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="James Pinckney Henderson">James P. Henderson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Congress of the Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Nacogdoches_County,_Texas" title="Nacogdoches County, Texas">Nacogdoches County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1837–1838</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Kirby_Allen" title="John Kirby Allen">John Kirby Allen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_S._Kaufman" title="David S. Kaufman">David S. Kaufman</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st Texas Secretary of War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 17, 1836 – November 13, 1837</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_S._Fisher_(Texas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William S. Fisher (Texas) (page does not exist)">William S. Fisher</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1803-12-05</span>)</span>December 5, 1803<br /><a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_South_Carolina" title="Pendleton, South Carolina">Pendleton, South Carolina</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 29, 1857<span style="display:none">(1857-07-29)</span> (aged 53)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nacogdoches,_Texas" title="Nacogdoches, Texas">Nacogdoches, Texas</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_gunshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide by gunshot">Suicide by gunshot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Frances "Polly" Cleveland Rusk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician, lawyer, judge</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Jefferson Rusk</b> (December 5, 1803 – July 29, 1857) was an early political and military leader of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a>, serving as its first <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> as well as a general at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Jacinto" title="Battle of San Jacinto">Battle of San Jacinto</a>. He was later a US politician and served as a Senator from Texas from 1846 until his suicide. He served as the <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a> in 1857. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusk was born in <a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_South_Carolina" title="Pendleton, South Carolina">Pendleton, South Carolina</a>, to John Rusk, a <a href="/wiki/Stonemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonemason">stonemason</a>, and Sterritt Rusk. After being <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Bar_(law)" title="Bar (law)">bar</a> in 1825, Rusk began his law practice in <a href="/wiki/Clarkesville,_Georgia" title="Clarkesville, Georgia">Clarkesville, Georgia</a>. In 1827, he married Mary F. (Polly) Cleveland, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General</a> Benjamin Cleveland, grandson of Col. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Cleveland" title="Benjamin Cleveland">Benjamin Cleveland</a> of King's Mountain fame. Rusk became a business partner of his father-in-law after the marriage. He lived in the gold region of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> and made sizable mining investments. In 1834, however, the managers of the company in which he had invested embezzled all the funds and fled to <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Texas" title="Mexican Texas">Mexican Texas</a>. Rusk pursued them to <a href="/wiki/Nacogdoches,_Texas" title="Nacogdoches, Texas">Nacogdoches</a>, but never recovered the money. </p><p>Made by Thomas Jefferson Rusk (section) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Texas_Revolution">Texas Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Texas Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rusk decided to stay in Texas and became a citizen of Mexico in 1835, applied for a headright<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in <a href="/wiki/David_G._Burnet" title="David G. Burnet">David G. Burnet</a>'s colony, and sent for his family. After hearing Nacogdoches citizens denounce the despotism of Mexico, Rusk became involved in the independence movement. He organized volunteers from Nacogdoches and hastened to Gonzales, where his men joined <a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin" title="Stephen F. Austin">Stephen F. Austin</a>'s army in preventing the Mexicans from seizing their <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a>. They proceeded to <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, but Rusk left the army before the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_B%C3%A9xar" title="Siege of Béxar">Siege of Béxar</a>. </p><p>The provisional government named him <a href="/wiki/Inspector_general" title="Inspector general">inspector general</a> of the army in the Nacogdoches District. As a delegate from Nacogdoches to the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_1836" title="Convention of 1836">Convention of 1836</a>, Rusk not only signed the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Texas Declaration of Independence">Texas Declaration of Independence</a> but also chaired the committee to revise the constitution of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a>. The <i>ad interim</i> government, installed on March 17, 1836, appointed Rusk as Secretary of War. When informed that <a href="/wiki/Alamo_Mission_in_San_Antonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamo Mission in San Antonio">the Alamo</a> had fallen and the Mexican army was moving eastward, Rusk helped <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Republic of Texas">President</a> David Burnet to move the government to <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrisburg, Houston, Texas">Harrisburg</a>. </p><p>After the Mexicans killed all <a href="/wiki/James_Fannin" title="James Fannin">James W. Fannin's</a> Texan army at <a href="/wiki/Goliad,_Texas" title="Goliad, Texas">Goliad</a>, Burnet sent Rusk with orders for General <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a> to make a stand against the enemy. Rusk participated with bravery in the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna" title="Antonio López de Santa Anna">Santa Anna</a> on April 21, 1836, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Jacinto" title="Battle of San Jacinto">Battle of San Jacinto</a>. From May to October 1836, he served as commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Army of the Republic of Texas">Army of the Republic of Texas</a>, with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a>. He followed the Mexican troops westward as they retired from Texas to be certain of their retreat beyond the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a>. Then he conducted a military funeral for the troops killed at Goliad. </p> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:25em; max-width: 30%;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"> <p>The men of Texas deserved much credit, but more was due the women. Armed men facing a foe could not but be brave; but the women, with their little children around them, without means of defense or power to resist, faced danger and death with unflinching courage. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;">— Thomas Jefferson Rusk<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Republic_of_Texas">Republic of Texas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Republic of Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TJRusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/TJRusk.jpg/180px-TJRusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/TJRusk.jpg/270px-TJRusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/TJRusk.jpg/360px-TJRusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption>Thomas Jefferson Rusk</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first regularly elected administration, President Houston appointed Rusk secretary of war, but after a few weeks, Rusk resigned to take care of pressing domestic problems<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. At the insistence of friends, however, he represented Nacogdoches in the Second Congress of the Republic (1837–1838). Rusk was a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Mason</a>. He joined <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milamlodge2.com/Homepage.htm">Milam Lodge No. 40</a> (Later Milam Lodge #2) in Nacogdoches in 1837 and was a founding member of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130110190218/http://grandlodgeoftexas.org/">Grand Lodge of Texas</a>, organized in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> on December 20, 1837. </p><p>As chairman of the House Military Committee in 1837, he sponsored a <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> bill that passed over Houston's veto, and Congress elected Rusk <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">major general</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a>. In the summer of 1838, he commanded the Nacogdoches militia, which suppressed the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdova_Rebellion" title="Córdova Rebellion">Córdova Rebellion</a>. In October, when Mexican agents were discovered among the <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo Indians</a>, Rusk defeated those Indians and their Indian allies. He captured marauding <a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a> Indians in November 1838 and risked an international incident when he invaded United States territory to return them to the Indian agent in <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>. </p><p>On December 12, 1838, the Texas Congress elected Rusk <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> of the Republic's <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas">Supreme Court</a>. He served until June 30, 1840, when he resigned to resume his law practice. Later he headed the <a href="/wiki/Bar_(law)" title="Bar (law)">bar</a> of the Republic of Texas. He and <a href="/wiki/James_Pinckney_Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="James Pinckney Henderson">J. Pinckney Henderson</a>, later the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Texas Governors">governor of the state of Texas</a>, formed a law partnership in 1841. </p><p>Early in 1843, Rusk was called upon once again to serve as a military commander. Concern over the lack of protection on the frontier caused Congress, in a joint ballot on January 16, 1843, to elect Rusk major general of the militia of the Republic of Texas. But he resigned in June when Houston obstructed his plans for aggressive warfare against Mexico. Rusk then turned his energies to establishing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacogdoches_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacogdoches University (page does not exist)">Nacogdoches University</a> (operated 1845–1895).<sup id="cite_ref-NacUni_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NacUni-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as vice president of the university when the charter was granted in 1845 and president in 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-NacUni_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NacUni-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_of_Texas">State of Texas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: State of Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk_statue_IMG_2966.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk_statue_IMG_2966.JPG/200px-Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk_statue_IMG_2966.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk_statue_IMG_2966.JPG/300px-Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk_statue_IMG_2966.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk_statue_IMG_2966.JPG/400px-Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk_statue_IMG_2966.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Thomas Jefferson Rusk at <a href="/wiki/Rusk_County,_Texas" title="Rusk County, Texas">Rusk County</a> Courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Texas" title="Henderson, Texas">Henderson, Texas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Rusk supported Sam Houston and the growing movement to <a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">annex Texas</a> to the United States. He was president of the Republic's <a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation#Tyler's_pre-emption_of_Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">Convention of 1845</a>, which accepted the annexation terms. The first Texas state legislature elected him and Houston to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in February 1846. Rusk received the larger number of votes and the longer term of office. </p><p>Rusk and Houston forgot past differences as they worked to settle the southwest boundary question in favor of Texas' claim to the Rio Grande. Rusk supported the position of US President <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> on the necessity of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican War</a> and the acquisition of California. In the debate over the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>, Rusk refused to endorse <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a>, proposed by some in the caucus of Southern congressmen. He vigorously defended Texas' claims to the land used to create the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a> in 1850, arguing for financial compensation for Texas. </p><p>As an early advocate of a transcontinental railroad through Texas, Senator Rusk made speeches in the Senate and throughout Texas in support of a southern route. The <a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a> received his support. Rusk was in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a>. President <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> offered him the position of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a> in 1857, but he turned it down. (Buchanan gave the post to <a href="/wiki/Aaron_V._Brown" title="Aaron V. Brown">Aaron V. Brown</a>.) </p><p>While Rusk attended to duties in Washington, DC, his wife died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> on April 23, 1856. Five of their seven children were still living at the time. During a special session in March 1857, he was elected <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">president pro tempore of the United States Senate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suicide">Suicide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Suicide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Missing his wife and ill from a <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumor</a> at the base of his neck, Rusk killed himself by a self-inflicted gunshot wound on July 29, 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was 53 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The State of Texas placed a monument at the graves of Rusk and his wife, Mary, in Oak Grove Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Nacogdoches,_Texas" title="Nacogdoches, Texas">Nacogdoches, Texas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusk_County,_Texas" title="Rusk County, Texas">Rusk County</a> and the town of <a href="/wiki/Rusk,_Texas" title="Rusk, Texas">Rusk</a> were named in his honor.</li> <li>Part of his homestead became the campus of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin_State_University" title="Stephen F. Austin State University">Stephen F. Austin State University</a>.</li> <li>There is a statue of Rusk in front of the <a href="/wiki/Rusk_County,_Texas" title="Rusk County, Texas">Rusk County</a> courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Texas" title="Henderson, Texas">Henderson, Texas</a>.</li> <li>His handwriting was the basis for the font Texas Hero designed by Brian Willson.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> is a distant cousin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Texas_Revolution" title="Timeline of the Texas Revolution">Timeline of the Texas Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1790%E2%80%931899)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)">List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texastrifles.blogspot.com/2004_06_01_texastrifles_archive.html">"Texas Trifles"</a>. 6 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+Trifles&rft.date=2004-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastrifles.blogspot.com%2F2004_06_01_texastrifles_archive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Jefferson+Rusk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NacUni-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NacUni_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NacUni_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Bruce_Blake2010" class="citation web cs1">Robert Bruce Blake (2010-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/kbn01">"NACOGDOCHES UNIVERSITY"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Historical_Association" title="Texas State Historical Association">Texas State Historical Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.atitle=NACOGDOCHES+UNIVERSITY&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.au=Robert+Bruce+Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fkbn01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Jefferson+Rusk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/533528566/8596B6680C484306PQ/61">The Suicide of Senator Rusk</a>". <i>The Baltimore Sun</i>. August 13, 1857. p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriscilla_Myers_Benham2015" class="citation web cs1">Priscilla Myers Benham (2015-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fru16">"Rusk, Thomas Jefferson"</a>. <i>The Handbook of Texas Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Historical_Association" title="Texas State Historical Association">Texas State Historical Association</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.atitle=Rusk%2C+Thomas+Jefferson&rft.date=2015-08-18&rft.au=Priscilla+Myers+Benham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Ffru16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Jefferson+Rusk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fonts.adobe.com/fonts/texas-hero#fonts-section">"Texas Hero | Adobe Fonts"</a>. <i>fonts.adobe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fonts.adobe.com&rft.atitle=Texas+Hero+%7C+Adobe+Fonts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffonts.adobe.com%2Ffonts%2Ftexas-hero%23fonts-section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Jefferson+Rusk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressR000518" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000518">"Thomas Jefferson Rusk (id: R000518)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Thomas+Jefferson+Rusk+%28id%3A+R000518%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Jefferson+Rusk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fru16">Thomas Jefferson Rusk</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbook of Texas">Handbook of Texas</a> Online</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017140115/http://tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/rusktj.htm">Biography on Thomas Jefferson and Mary Cleveland Rusk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6258942">Thomas Jefferson Rusk</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li>Sketch of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/widgets/pager.php?object_id=meta-pth-5828&recno=555&path=meta-pth-5828.tkl">Thomas J. Rusk</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/permalink/meta-pth-5828"><i>A pictorial history of Texas, from the earliest visits of European adventurers, to A.D. 1879</i></a>, hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/">Portal to Texas History</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>(none)</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Secretary of War of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> </b><br />17 March 1836 – April 1836 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mirabeau_B._Lamar" title="Mirabeau B. Lamar">Mirabeau B. Lamar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Austin_Wharton" class="mw-redirect" title="John Austin Wharton">John Austin Wharton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Secretary of War of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> </b><br />22 October 1836 – November 1837 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barnard_E._Bee,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Barnard E. Bee, Sr.">Barnard E. Bee, Sr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Birdsall_(politician,_born_1802)" title="John Birdsall (politician, born 1802)">John Birdsall</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> </b><br />13 December 1838 – 30 June 1840 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Hemphill_(senator)" title="John Hemphill (senator)">John Hemphill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>(none)</i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas"> U.S. senator (Class 1) from Texas</a> </b><br />February 21, 1846 – July 29, 1857 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Pinckney_Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="James Pinckney Henderson">J. Pinckney Henderson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Murray_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="James Murray Mason">James M. Mason</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a> </b><br />March 14, 1857 – July 29, 1857 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Benjamin Fitzpatrick</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Template talk:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">United States senators from Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Pinckney_Henderson" title="J. Pinckney Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Ward" title="Matthias Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Wigfall" title="Louis Wigfall">Wigfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Flanagan" title="J. W. Flanagan">Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Reagan" title="John H. Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_B._Mayfield" title="Earle B. Mayfield">Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_Daniel" title="Price Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Blakley" title="William A. Blakley">Blakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Yarborough" title="Ralph Yarborough">Yarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Krueger" title="Bob Krueger">Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">S. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hemphill_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hemphill (U.S. senator)">Hemphill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Chilton" title="Horace Chilton">Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Bailey" title="Joseph W. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rienzi_Melville_Johnston" title="Rienzi Melville Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Sheppard" title="Morris Sheppard">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Houston" title="Andrew Jackson Houston">A. Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Lee_O%27Daniel" title="W. Lee O'Daniel">O'Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Blakley" title="William A. Blakley">Blakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Template:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Template talk:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a> (1789)</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Lee</a> (1792)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a> (1792–1793)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Izard" title="Ralph Izard">Izard</a> (1794)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tazewell" title="Henry Tazewell">H. Tazewell</a> (1795)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a> (1796)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham">Bingham</a> (1797)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="William Bradford (Rhode Island politician)">Bradford</a> (1979)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Read" title="Jacob Read">Read</a> (1797)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a> (1798)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">Laurance</a> (1798)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Ross_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)">Ross</a> (1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a> (1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Uriah_Tracy" title="Uriah Tracy">Tracy</a> (1800)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">Howard</a> (1800)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Hillhouse" title="James Hillhouse">Hillhouse</a> (1801)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Baldwin</a> (1801–1802)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1802–1803)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(Kentucky_politician,_born_1757)" title="John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)">Brown</a> (1803–1804)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Franklin" title="Jesse Franklin">Franklin</a> (1804)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)">Anderson</a> (1805)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a> (1805–1808)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1808–1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a> (1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a> (1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1810)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">Pope</a> (1811)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a> (1812–1813)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1814–1819)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a> (1819)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1820–1825)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a> (1826–1827)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a> (1828–1831)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Littleton_Waller_Tazewell" title="Littleton Waller Tazewell">L. Tazewell</a> (1832)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">White</a> (1832–1833)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Poindexter" title="George Poindexter">Poindexter</a> (1834)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a> (1835)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. R. King</a> (1836–1841)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a> (1841–1842)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a> (1842–1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a> (1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a> (1846–1849)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. R. King</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a> (1852–1854)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a> (1854)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1854–1856)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Stuart" title="Charles E. Stuart">Stuart</a> (1856)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1856–1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">Mason</a> (1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusk</a> (1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a> (1857–1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a> (1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clark_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Daniel Clark (New Hampshire politician)">Clark</a> (1864–1865)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_S._Foster" title="Lafayette S. Foster">Foster</a> (1865–1867)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a> (1867–1869)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1869–1873)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Carpenter</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a> (1875–1879)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a> (1879–1880)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a> (1881)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a> (1881–1883)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a> (1883–1885)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a> (1885–1887)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_J._Ingalls" title="John J. Ingalls">Ingalls</a> (1887–1891)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Manderson" title="Charles F. Manderson">Manderson</a> (1891–1893)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a> (1893–1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a> (1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a> (1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a> (1896–1911)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger" title="Jacob H. Gallinger">Gallinger</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Brandegee" title="Frank B. Brandegee">Brandegee</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_P._Clarke" title="James P. Clarke">Clarke</a> (1913–1916)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Saulsbury_Jr." title="Willard Saulsbury Jr.">Saulsbury</a> (1916–1919)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a> (1919–1925)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a> (1925–1933)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Key_Pittman" title="Key Pittman">Pittman</a> (1933–1940)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_H._King" title="William H. King">W. H. King</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Harrison" title="Pat Harrison">Harrison</a> (1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a> (1945–1947)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a> (1947–1949)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a> (1955–1957)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Hayden</a> (1957–1969)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a> (1969–1971)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a> (1971–1972)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a> (1972–1978)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a> (1979–1980)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Young" title="Milton Young">Young</a> (1980)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a> (1980–1981)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (1995–2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> (2012–2015)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a> (2019–2021)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/90px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/135px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/180px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> Pro-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> Anti-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> Federalist</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> Democratic-Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> Jacksonian</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> National Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> Whig</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> Democratic</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> Independent</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Civil_Service" title="United States Senate Committee on Civil Service">United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Civil Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Post Roads<br />(1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Wilson" title="James J. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Stokes" title="Montfort Stokes">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lanman" title="James Lanman">Lanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Robinson_(Illinois_politician)" title="John M. Robinson (Illinois politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henderson_(Mississippi_politician)" title="John Henderson (Mississippi politician)">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duhurst_Merrick" title="William Duhurst Merrick">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">Niles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Yulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dixon" title="James Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ramsey" title="Alexander Ramsey">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_D._Conger" title="Omar D. Conger">Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Mason_(American_politician)" title="William E. Mason (American politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bourne_Jr._(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Bankhead" title="John H. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Townsend" title="Charles E. Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Phipps" title="Lawrence C. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasker_Oddie" title="Tasker Oddie">Oddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Dennis Chávez">Chávez</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service and Retrenchment<br />(1873–1921)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Wright" title="George G. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Clayton" title="Powell Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Teller" title="Henry M. Teller">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chace" title="Jonathan Chace">Chace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Call" title="Wilkinson Call">Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Jarvis" title="Thomas J. Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeter_C._Pritchard" title="Jeter C. Pritchard">Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Baker" title="Lucien Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Pomerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service<br />(1921–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Stanfield" title="Robert N. Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_H._Dale" title="Porter H. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">Bulow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Downey" title="Sheridan Downey">Downey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Civil Service<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Monroney" title="Mike Monroney">Monroney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_W._McGee" title="Gale W. McGee">McGee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Secretaries_of_War,_Navy_and_War_and_Marine_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TXRepublicSecWar" title="Template:TXRepublicSecWar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TXRepublicSecWar" title="Template talk:TXRepublicSecWar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TXRepublicSecWar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TXRepublicSecWar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Secretaries_of_War,_Navy_and_War_and_Marine_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_officials_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="List of officials of the Republic of Texas">Secretaries of War, Navy and War and Marine of the Republic of Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of War (1836 - 1841)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_S._Fisher_(Texas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William S. Fisher (Texas) (page does not exist)">W. Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_E._Bee_Sr." title="Barnard E. Bee Sr.">Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sidney_Johnston" title="Albert Sidney Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_Tanner_Archer" class="mw-redirect" title="Branch Tanner Archer">Archer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Texas.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Texas State Flag"><img alt="Texas State Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/75px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/113px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/150px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of the Navy (1836 - 1841)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rhoads_Fisher" title="Samuel Rhoads Fisher">S. Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_M._Shepherd_(Texan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Shepherd (Texan) (page does not exist)">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memucan_Hunt,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Memucan Hunt, Jr.">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_P._Cooke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis P. Cooke (page does not exist)">L. Cooke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of War and Marine (1841 - 1846)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Hockley" title="George Washington Hockley">Hockley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Hill_(Texan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Washington Hill (Texan) (page does not exist)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_C._Hamilton" title="Morgan C. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gordon_Cooke" title="William Gordon Cooke">W. Cooke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republic_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republic_of_Texas" title="Template:Republic of Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republic_of_Texas" title="Template talk:Republic of Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republic_of_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republic of Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republic_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Houston" title="Harrisburg, Houston">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington-on-the-Brazos,_Texas" title="Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas">Washington-on-the-Brazos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velasco,_Texas" title="Velasco, Texas">Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Columbia,_Texas" title="West Columbia, Texas">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_(1839).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the Republic of Texas"><img alt="Seal of the Republic of Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Republic_of_Texas_%281839%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="668" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="President of the Republic of Texas">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_G._Burnet" title="David G. Burnet">David G. Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Sam Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabeau_B._Lamar" title="Mirabeau B. Lamar">Mirabeau Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Jones" title="Anson Jones">Anson Jones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de_Zavala" title="Lorenzo de Zavala">Lorenzo de Zavala</a></li> <li>Mirabeau Lamar</li> <li>David G. Burnet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burleson" title="Edward Burleson">Edward Burleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lewis_Anderson" title="Kenneth Lewis Anderson">Kenneth Lewis Anderson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Texas Declaration of Independence">Texas Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Texas" title="Constitution of the Republic of Texas">Constitution of the Republic of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Archive_War" title="Texas Archive War">Texas Archive War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Castro" title="Henri Castro">Henri Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Miller_Land_Grant" title="Fisher–Miller Land Grant">Fisher–Miller Land Grant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1836_Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election" title="1836 Republic of Texas presidential election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election" title="1838 Republic of Texas presidential election">1838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election" title="1841 Republic of Texas presidential election">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Republic_of_Texas_presidential_election" title="1844 Republic of Texas presidential election">1844</a></li></ul> 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