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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Surname_or_Family_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Middle name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Given_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Given_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Given name</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Given_name-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Given name subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Given_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saints'_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saints'_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Saints' names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saints'_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Near-homonyms_distinguished_by_vowel_or_tones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Near-homonyms_distinguished_by_vowel_or_tones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Near-homonyms distinguished by vowel or tones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Near-homonyms_distinguished_by_vowel_or_tones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indexing_and_sorting_in_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indexing_and_sorting_in_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Indexing and sorting in English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indexing_and_sorting_in_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Presentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oa%CC%8Dt-l%C3%A2m_l%C3%A2ng-mi%C3%A2" title="Oa̍t-lâm lâng-miâ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oa̍t-lâm lâng-miâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_vietnamita" title="Nom vietnamita – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nom vietnamita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamsk%C3%A9_jm%C3%A9no" title="Vietnamské jméno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vietnamské jméno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamesischer_Name" title="Vietnamesischer Name – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vietnamesischer Name" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="نام ویتنامی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام ویتنامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_de_famille_vietnamien" title="Nom de famille vietnamien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom de famille vietnamien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjetnameeske_namme" title="Fjetnameeske namme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fjetnameeske namme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="베트남 이름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베트남 이름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomastica_vietnamita" title="Onomastica vietnamita – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onomastica vietnamita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietn%C3%A1mi_nevek" title="Vietnámi nevek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vietnámi nevek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_naam" title="Vietnamese naam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vietnamese naam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%88%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="ベトナムの人名 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベトナムの人名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetnam_ismlari" title="Vyetnam ismlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vyetnam ismlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wietnamskie_nazwiska" title="Wietnamskie nazwiska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wietnamskie nazwiska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Вьетнамское имя – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вьетнамское имя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="ชื่อบุคคลเวียดนาม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชื่อบุคคลเวียดนาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" title="Tên người Việt Nam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tên người Việt Nam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="越南人名 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="越南人名" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For toponyms, see <a href="/wiki/Place_names_of_Vietnam" title="Place names of Vietnam">Place names of Vietnam</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" class="extiw" title="vi:Tên người Việt Nam">the corresponding article</a> in Vietnamese</b>.  <i><small>(January 2016)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FT%C3%AAn_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam&sl=vi&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Vietnamese article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Vietnamese Wikipedia article at [[:vi:Tên người Việt Nam]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|vi|Tên người Việt Nam}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Vietnamese_name" title="Talk:Vietnamese name">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Traditional <b>Vietnamese personal names</b> generally consist of three parts, used in <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Eastern_name_order" title="Personal name">Eastern name order</a>. </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Family name">family name</a> (normally <a href="/wiki/Patrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrilineal">patrilineal</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineality</a> is possible, in cases such as <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a>, children of a <a href="/wiki/Single_parent" title="Single parent">single mother</a>, or if a child didn't want to have the father's surname. The father's family name may be combined with the mother's family name to form a <a href="/wiki/Compound_family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound family name">compound family name</a>).</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> (normally a single name but some have no middle name).</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a> (normally single name but some have multiple given names).</li></ul> <p>But not every name is conformant. For example: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Tr%C3%A3i" title="Nguyễn Trãi">Nguyễn Trãi</a></i> has his family name <i><a href="/wiki/Nguyen" title="Nguyen">Nguyễn</a></i> and his given name is <i>Trãi</i>. He does not have any middle name.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_B%C3%ACnh_Minh" title="Phạm Bình Minh">Phạm Bình Minh</a></i> has his family name <i><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m" title="Phạm">Phạm</a></i> and his given name is <i>Bình Minh</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn">dawn</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). He does not have any middle name.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Quy%E1%BA%BFt" title="Nguyễn Văn Quyết">Nguyễn Văn Quyết</a></i> has his family name <i>Nguyễn</i>, his middle name is <i>Văn</i> and his given name is <i>Quyết</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">decide</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_S%C6%A1n" title="Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn">Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn</a></i> has his family name <i>Nguyễn</i>, his middle name is <i>Ngọc</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">pearl</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and his given name is <i>Trường Sơn</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">long mountain</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).</li> <li><i>Hoàng Phủ Ngọc Tường</i> (a Vietnamese poet)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has his family name <a href="/wiki/Huangfu" title="Huangfu"><i>Hoàng Phủ</i></a> (natural <a href="/wiki/Compound_family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound family name">compound family name</a>), his middle name is <i>Ngọc</i> and his given name is <i>Tường</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">deep understanding</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). Sometimes his family name is confused with <i><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàng">Hoàng</a></i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_L%C3%AA_Qu%E1%BB%91c_To%C3%A0n" title="Trần Lê Quốc Toàn">Trần Lê Quốc Toàn</a></i> has his compound family name combined from <i><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n" title="Trần">Trần</a></i> (from his father) and <a href="/wiki/Le_(surname)" title="Le (surname)"><i>Lê</i></a> (from his mother), his middle name is <i>Quốc</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">country</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and his given name is <i>Toàn</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fully</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).</li></ul> <p>The "family name first" written order is usual throughout the East Asian cultural sphere or <a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a>; but "middle names" are less common in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean names</a> and uncommon in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese names</a>. Persons can be referred to by the whole name, the given name, or <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_pronouns#Kinship_terms" title="Vietnamese pronouns">a hierarchic pronoun</a>, which usually connotes a degree of family relationship or kinship – but referring via given name is most common, as well as if degree of family relationship or kinship is unknown. In more informal contexts or in the Western world, given name can be written first then family name e.g. <i>Châu Bùi</i> or <i>Thanh Trần</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese language</a> is tonal and so are Vietnamese names. Names with the same spelling but different tones represent different meanings, which can confuse people when the <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> are dropped, as is commonly done outside Vietnam (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Duan_(surname)" title="Duan (surname)"><i>Đoàn</i></a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="vi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">[ɗʷà:n]</a></span>) vs <a href="/wiki/Y%C7%90n_(surname)" title="Yǐn (surname)"><i>Doãn</i></a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="vi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">[zʷǎ:ˀn]</a></span>), both become <i>Doan</i> when diacritics are omitted). Additionally, some Vietnamese names can only be differentiated via context or with their corresponding <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>, such as 夏 (Hạ) or 賀 (Hạ). Anyone applying for Vietnamese nationality must also adopt a Vietnamese name.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vietnamese names have corresponding Hán character <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">adopted</a> early on during <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule" title="Vietnam under Chinese rule">Chinese rule</a>. Vietnamese script is fully transliterated (romanized), because the previous script, <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">chữ Nôm</a>, was replaced by <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Qu%E1%BB%91c_ng%E1%BB%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Chữ Quốc ngữ">chữ Quốc ngữ</a></i>, which was made compulsory during the <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French colonial era</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surname_or_Family_name">Surname or Family name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Surname or Family name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" class="extiw" title="vi:Họ người Việt Nam">Họ người Việt Nam</a></div> <p>The family name (tên họ) is positioned first and is passed on by the father to his children in a traditionally <a href="/wiki/Patrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrilineal">patrilineal order</a>, but exceptions are possible. It is estimated that there are around 100 family names in common use, but some are far more common than others. The name <i><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyễn">Nguyễn</a></i> was estimated to be the most common (40%) in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason the top three names are so common is that people tended to take the family names of emperors, to show loyalty to particular dynasties in history. Over many generations, those family names became permanent. </p><p>The following are the most common family names among Vietnamese, with their <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet"><i>chữ Quốc ngữ</i></a> spelling, and their corresponding Hán-Nôm characters, which are now obsolete.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figures are from a 2022 study <i>100 họ phổ biến ở Việt Nam</i> (100 Most Popular Surnames/Family Names In Vietnam) from the Vietnamese Social Science Publisher (<i>Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội</i>). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%A1c_h%E1%BB%8D_VN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/C%C3%A1c_h%E1%BB%8D_VN.jpg/400px-C%C3%A1c_h%E1%BB%8D_VN.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/C%C3%A1c_h%E1%BB%8D_VN.jpg/600px-C%C3%A1c_h%E1%BB%8D_VN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/C%C3%A1c_h%E1%BB%8D_VN.jpg/800px-C%C3%A1c_h%E1%BB%8D_VN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>Statistics of surname/family name of Vietnamese citizens (including other 53 ethnicities) based on ratio of population, 2022 (<i>Thống Kê họ người Việt theo tỷ lệ % dân số 2022).</i> <i>"Họ</i> <i>khác"</i> means "other".</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Frequency of Vietnamese surnames (2022) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Surname/Family name </th> <th>Chữ Hán-Nôm </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguyen" title="Nguyen">Nguyễn</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">阮</span></span> </td> <td>31.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n" title="Trần">Trần</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">陳</span></span> </td> <td>10.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Lê">Lê</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">黎</span></span> </td> <td>8.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m" title="Phạm">Phạm</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">范</span></span> </td> <td>5.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàng">Hoàng</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BB%B3nh" class="mw-redirect" title="Huỳnh">Huỳnh</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">黃</span></span> </td> <td>5.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9" title="Vũ">Vũ / Võ</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">武</span></span> </td> <td>4.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phan_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phan (surname)">Phan</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">潘</span></span> </td> <td>2.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Trương">Trương</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">張</span></span> </td> <td>2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i" title="Bùi">Bùi</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">裴</span></span> </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Đặng">Đặng</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">鄧</span></span> </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%97" title="Đỗ">Đỗ</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">杜</span></span> </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4" title="Ngô">Ngô</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">吳</span></span> </td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_(surname)" title="Hồ (surname)">Hồ</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">胡</span></span> </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Dương">Dương</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">楊</span></span> </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinh_(surname)" title="Dinh (surname)">Đinh</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">丁</span></span> </td> <td>1.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Common_Viet_Surnames.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Common_Viet_Surnames.png/354px-Common_Viet_Surnames.png" decoding="async" width="354" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Common_Viet_Surnames.png/531px-Common_Viet_Surnames.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Common_Viet_Surnames.png/708px-Common_Viet_Surnames.png 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of Vietnamese family names (2005)</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Frequency of Vietnamese surnames (2005) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Surname/Family name </th> <th>Chữ Hán-Nôm </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Nguyễn </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">阮</span></span> </td> <td>38.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Trần </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">陳</span></span> </td> <td>10.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Lê </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">黎</span></span> </td> <td>8.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Phạm </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">范</span></span> </td> <td>6.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Hoàng/Huỳnh </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">黃</span></span> </td> <td>5.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Phan </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">潘</span></span> </td> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Vũ/Võ </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">武</span></span> </td> <td>3.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Đặng </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">鄧</span></span> </td> <td>3.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Bùi </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">裴</span></span> </td> <td>2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Đỗ </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">杜</span></span> </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>Hồ </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">胡</span></span> </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>Ngô </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">吳</span></span> </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>Dương </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">楊</span></span> </td> <td>1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_(Vietnamese_surname)" title="Lý (Vietnamese surname)">Lý</a> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">李</span></span> </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2005, these 14 names had accounted for around 90% of the Vietnamese population. </p><p>The following list includes less-common surnames in alphabetical order which make up the other 10% (2005), now 16.3% (2022): </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(surname)" title="Ai (surname)">Ái</a>: 愛</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="An (surname)">An</a>: 安</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%ABn_(surname)" title="Yīn (surname)">Ân</a>: 殷</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_(surname)" title="Bai (surname)">Bạch</a>: 白</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_(surname)" title="Peng (surname)">Bành</a>: 彭</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bao_(surname)#List_of_people_with_surname_包" title="Bao (surname)">Bao</a>: 包</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bian_(surname)" title="Bian (surname)">Biên</a>: 邊</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bian_(surname)" title="Bian (surname)">Biện</a>: 卞</li> <li>Cam: 甘</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng_(surname)" title="Geng (surname)">Cảnh</a>: 耿</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jing (surname)">Cảnh</a>: 景</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_(Vietnamese_surname)" title="Cao (Vietnamese surname)">Cao</a>: 高</li> <li><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1i_(h%E1%BB%8D)" class="extiw" title="vi:Cái (họ)">Cái</a>: 蓋</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1t" class="mw-redirect" title="Cát">Cát</a>: 葛</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhen_(surname)" title="Zhen (surname)">Chân</a>: 甄</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_(surname)" title="Zhou (surname)">Châu</a>: 周</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhan_(surname)#List_of_people_with_the_surname_詹" title="Zhan (surname)">Chiêm</a>: 詹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_(surname)" title="Zhu (surname)">Chu</a>: 朱</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_(surname)" title="Zhong (surname)">Chung</a>: 鍾</li> <li>Chử: 褚</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_(surname)" title="Gu (surname)">Cổ</a>: 古</li> <li>Cù: 瞿</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_(surname)" title="Gong (surname)">Cung</a>: 宮</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_(surname)#Surname_Gong_龔,_共" title="Gong (surname)">Cung</a>: 龔</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_(surname)#Surname_Gong_鞏,_巩" title="Gong (surname)">Củng</a>: 鞏</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi%C3%BA#裘(Qiú)" title="Qiú">Cừu</a>: 裘</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_(surname_%E6%98%93)" title="Yi (surname 易)">Dịch</a>: 易</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_(surname)" title="Ye (surname)">Diệp</a>: 葉</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C7%90n_(surname)" title="Yǐn (surname)">Doãn</a>: 尹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Chinese_surname)#Surname_Yu_(俞)" title="Yu (Chinese surname)">Dũ</a>: 俞</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rong_(surname)" title="Rong (surname)">Dung</a>: 容</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Chinese_surname)#Surname_Yu_(余)" title="Yu (Chinese surname)">Dư</a>: 余</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Chinese_surname)#Others" title="Yu (Chinese surname)">Dữu</a>: 庾</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_(surname)" title="Dai (surname)">Đái</a>: 戴</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_(surname)" title="Tan (surname)">Đàm</a>: 譚</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_(surname)" title="Tao (surname)">Đào</a>: 陶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dou_(surname)" title="Dou (surname)">Đậu</a>: 竇</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_(surname)" title="Tian (surname)">Điền</a>: 田</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABng_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dīng (surname)">Đinh</a>: 丁</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_(surname)" title="Duan (surname)">Đoàn</a>: 段</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Đồ">Đồ</a>: 涂</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_(surname)#童_the_Tong" title="Tong (surname)">Đồng</a>: 童</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C7%92ng" title="Dǒng">Đổng</a>: 董</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1ng_(surname)" title="Táng (surname)">Đường</a>: 唐</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_(surname)" title="Jia (surname)">Giả</a>: 賈</li> <li>Giải: 解</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuge" title="Zhuge">Gia Cát</a> :諸葛</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian_(surname)" title="Jian (surname)">Giản</a>: 簡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_(%E6%B1%9F)_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiang (江) (surname)">Giang</a>: 江</li> <li>Giáp: 郟</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_(surname)" title="He (surname)">Hà</a>: 何</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_(surname)" title="He (surname)">Hạ</a>: 賀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_(surname)" title="Xia (surname)">Hạ</a>: 夏</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hao_(surname)" title="Hao (surname)">Hác</a>: 郝</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_(Chinese_surname)" title="Han (Chinese surname)">Hàn</a>: 韓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hou_(surname)" title="Hou (surname)">Hầu</a>: 侯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xing_(surname)" title="Xing (surname)">Hình</a>: 邢</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_(surname)#Huā_(花)" title="Hua (surname)">Hoa</a>: 花</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo" title="Huo">Hoắc</a>: 霍</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho%E1%BA%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoạn (page does not exist)">Hoạn</a>: 宦</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_(surname)" title="Hong (surname)">Hồng</a>: 洪</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_(surname_%E8%A8%B1)" title="Xu (surname 許)">Hứa</a>: 許</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_(surname)" title="Xiang (surname)">Hướng</a>: 向</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_(surname)" title="Xi (surname)">Hy</a>: 郗</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke_(surname)" title="Ke (surname)">Kha</a>: 柯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi%C5%AB_(surname)" title="Qiū (surname)">Khâu</a>: 邱</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_(surname)" title="Kong (surname)">Khổng</a>: 孔</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khu%E1%BA%A5t" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuất">Khuất</a>: 屈</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_(surname)" title="Qiao (surname)">Kiều</a>: 喬</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_surname)" title="Jin (Chinese surname)">Kim</a>: 金</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(surname)#Qí_(祁)_surname" title="Qi (surname)">Kỳ</a>: 祁</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_(surname_%E7%BA%AA)" title="Ji (surname 纪)">Kỷ</a>: 紀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_(surname)" title="Luo (surname)">La</a>: 羅</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_(surname)" title="Luo (surname)">Lạc</a>: 駱</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(Chinese_surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lai (Chinese surname)">Lại</a>: 賴</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan_(surname_%E8%93%9D)" title="Lan (surname 蓝)">Lam</a>: 藍</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ling_(surname)#Chinese" title="Ling (surname)">Lăng</a>: 凌</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leng_(surname)" title="Leng (surname)">Lãnh</a>: 冷</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_(surname)" title="Lin (surname)">Lâm</a>: 林</li> <li>Lận: 藺</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_(surname_%E9%85%88)" title="Li (surname 酈)">Lệ</a>: 酈</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lian_(surname)" title="Lian (surname)">Liên</a>: 連</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_(surname)" title="Liao (surname)">Liêu</a>: 廖</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li%E1%BB%85u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liễu (page does not exist)">Liễu</a>: 柳 (in northern or central regions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_(surname_%E9%BE%8D)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long (surname 龍)">Long</a>: 龍</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_(surname)" title="Lei (surname)">Lôi</a>: 雷</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(surname_%E9%99%B8)" title="Lu (surname 陸)">Lục</a>: 陸</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_(surname_%E7%9B%A7)" title="Lu (surname 盧)">Lư</a>: 盧</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_(surname)" title="Lü (surname)">Lữ</a>: 呂</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_(surname)" title="Liang (surname)">Lương</a>: 梁</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0u" class="mw-redirect" title="Lưu">Lưu</a>: 劉 (in central or southern regions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_(surname)" title="Ma (surname)">Mã</a>: 馬</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac (surname)">Mạc</a>: 莫</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_(Chinese_surname)" title="Mai (Chinese surname)">Mạch</a>: 麥</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mai (surname)">Mai</a>: 梅</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_(surname)" title="Meng (surname)">Mạnh</a>: 孟</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_(surname)" title="Mao (surname)">Mao</a>: 毛</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(surname)" title="Min (surname)">Mẫn</a>: 閔</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_(surname_%E8%8B%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miao (surname 苗)">Miêu</a>: 苗</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_(surname)" title="Ming (surname)">Minh</a>: 明</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mông (page does not exist)">Mông</a>: 蒙</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngân (page does not exist)">Ngân</a>: 鄞</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_(surname)" title="Ni (surname)">Nghê</a>: 倪</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(surname)#严_(嚴)" title="Yan (surname)">Nghiêm</a>: 嚴</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Chinese_surname)#Others" title="Yu (Chinese surname)">Ngư</a>: 魚</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niu_(surname)#Surname_Niu_(牛)" title="Niu (surname)">Ngưu</a>: 牛</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_(surname)" title="Yue (surname)">Nhạc</a>: 岳</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(surname)#颜_(顏)" title="Yan (surname)">Nhan</a>: 顔</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_(surname)" title="Ren (surname)">Nhâm</a>: 任</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_(surname)" title="Nie (surname)">Nhiếp</a>: 聶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rao_(Chinese_surname)" title="Rao (Chinese surname)">Nhiều</a>: 饒</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rong_(surname)" title="Rong (surname)">Nhung</a>: 戎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning_(surname)" title="Ning (surname)">Ninh</a>: 寧 & 甯</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B4ng_(surname)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nông (surname) (page does not exist)">Nông</a>: 農</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_(surname_%E6%BA%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wen (surname 溫)">Ôn</a>: 溫</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BB%94n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ổn (page does not exist)">Ổn</a>: 鄔</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weng_(surname)" title="Weng (surname)">Ông</a>: 翁</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_(surname)" title="Fei (surname)">Phí</a>: 費</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_(surname)#傅" title="Fu (surname)">Phó</a>: 傅</li> <li>Phong: 酆</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_(surname)" title="Fang (surname)">Phòng</a>: 房</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_(surname)#符" title="Fu (surname)">Phù</a>: 符</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9ng" title="Phùng">Phùng</a>: 馮</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_(surname)" title="Fang (surname)">Phương</a>: 方</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quach" title="Quach">Quách</a>: 郭</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C4%81n" title="Guān">Quan</a>: 關</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C4%81n" title="Guān">Quản</a>: 管</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quang (page does not exist)">Quang</a>: 光</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuang_(surname)" title="Kuang (surname)">Quảng</a>: 鄺</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwei_Lun-mei" title="Gwei Lun-mei">Quế</a>: 桂</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quy%E1%BB%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Quyền">Quyền</a>: 權</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_(surname)" title="Chai (surname)">Sài</a>: 柴</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cen_(surname)" title="Cen (surname)">Sầm</a>: 岑</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C7%90_(surname)" title="Shǐ (surname)">Sử</a>: 史</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_(surname)" title="Xie (surname)">Tạ</a>: 謝</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_(Chinese_surname)" title="Cao (Chinese surname)">Tào</a>: 曹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng" title="Zeng">Tăng</a>: 曾</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_(surname)" title="Xin (surname)">Tân</a>: 辛</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(surname)" title="Qin (surname)">Tần</a>: 秦</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi_(surname)" title="Bi (surname)">Tất</a>: 畢</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(surname)#Qí_(齊/齐)_surname" title="Qi (surname)">Tề</a>: 齊</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%AD_(surname)" title="Shí (surname)">Thạch</a>: 石</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_(surname)#Chinese" title="Tai (surname)">Thai</a>: 邰</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_(surname)" title="Cai (surname)">Thái</a>: 蔡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_(surname)" title="Tang (surname)">Thang</a>: 湯</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_(surname)#Notable_people_surnamed_成" title="Cheng (surname)">Thành</a>: 成</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thảo (page does not exist)">Thảo</a>: 草</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%93n_(surname)" title="Shēn (surname)">Thân</a>: 申</li> <li>Thầm / Kham: 諶 (almost exclusively a northern surname)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%AB_(surname)" title="Shī (surname)">Thi</a>: 施</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_(surname)#Qī_(戚)_surname" title="Qi (surname)">Thích</a>: 戚</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_(surname)" title="Shan (surname)">Thiện</a>: 單</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao" title="Shao">Thiệu</a>: 邵</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cui_(surname)" title="Cui (surname)">Thôi</a>: 崔</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shui_(surname)" title="Shui (surname)">Thủy</a>: 水</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C6%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Thư">Thư</a>: 舒</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_(surname)" title="Chang (surname)">Thường</a>: 常</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_(surname)" title="Qian (surname)">Tiền</a>: 錢</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xue" title="Xue">Tiết</a>: 薛</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_(surname)#焦_(Jiāo)" title="Jiao (surname)">Tiêu</a>: 焦</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_(surname)" title="Xiao (surname)">Tiêu</a>: 蕭</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_(surname)" title="To (surname)">Tô</a>: 蘇</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_(surname)" title="Sun (surname)">Tôn</a>: 孫</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Th%E1%BA%A5t" title="Tôn Thất">Tôn Thất</a>: 尊室</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zong_(surname)" title="Zong (surname)">Tông</a>: 宗</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_(Chinese_surname)" title="Song (Chinese surname)">Tống</a>: 宋</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuo" title="Zhuo">Trác</a>: 卓</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhai" title="Zhai">Trạch</a>: 翟</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tái (page does not exist)">Tái</a>: 賽</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trang_(surname)" title="Trang (surname)">Trang</a>: 莊</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shen (surname)">Trầm</a>: 沈</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_(surname)" title="Zou (surname)">Trâu</a>: 鄒</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trì (page does not exist)">Trì</a>: 池</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_(surname)" title="Zhao (surname)">Triệu</a>: 趙</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Trịnh">Trịnh</a>: 鄭 (almost exclusively a northern surname, based around <a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a" title="Thanh Hóa">Thanh Hóa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_(surname_%E5%BE%90)" title="Xu (surname 徐)">Từ</a>: 徐</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_(Chinese_surname)" title="Sima (Chinese surname)">Tư Mã</a>: 司馬</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_(surname)#蔣" title="Jiang (surname)">Tưởng</a>: 蔣</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_(Chinese_surname)#Others" title="Yu (Chinese surname)">Úc</a>: 郁</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%ABng" title="Yīng">Ứng</a>: 應</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_(surname)" title="Wan (surname)">Vạn</a>: 萬</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_(surname_%E6%96%87)" title="Wen (surname 文)">Văn</a>: 文</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yun_(Chinese_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yun (Chinese name)">Vân</a>: 雲</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_(surname)#Notable_people_surnamed_Wei_(韋/韦)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wei (surname)">Vi</a>: 韋</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C4%A9nh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vĩnh (page does not exist)">Vĩnh</a>: 永</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_(surname_%E4%BA%8E)" title="Yu (surname 于)">Vu</a>: 于</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Vũ Văn</a>: 宇文</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_(surname)" title="Wang (surname)">Vương</a>: 王</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(surname)" title="You (surname)">Vưu</a>: 尤</li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_(surname)" title="She (surname)">Xà</a>: 佘</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_(surname)" title="Che (surname)">Xa</a>: 車 (Chinese Vietnamese write it as Xế)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(surname)" title="Yan (surname)">Yên</a>: 鄢</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_(surname)" title="Yan (surname)">Yến</a>: 燕</li></ul> </div> <p>In Vietnamese culture, women keep their family names once they marry, whilst the progeny tend to have the father's family name, although names can often be combined from a father's and mother's family name, e.g. Nguyễn Lê, Phạm Vũ, Kim Lý etc. In formal contexts, people are referred to by their full name. In more casual contexts, people are always on a "first-name basis", which involves their given names, accompanied by proper <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_pronouns#Kinship_terms" title="Vietnamese pronouns">kinship terms</a>. </p><p>In a few localities of Vietnam, for examples, in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>'s Sơn Đồng commune (Hoài Đức district), Tân Lập commune (Đan Phượng district), Cấn Hữu, Tân Hoà, Cộng Hoà, commune (Quốc Oai district), and in <a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn_province" title="Hưng Yên province">Hưng Yên province</a>'s Liên Khê commune (Khoái Châu district), there is a custom of daughters taking the fathers' middle names, not family names, as their surnames; therefore arise such female surnames such as Đắc, Đình, Sỹ, Tri, Ngọc, Văn, Tiếp, Doãn, Quế, Danh, Hữu, Khắc, etc. Sons, in contrast, bear their fathers' family names as surnames.<sup id="cite_ref-dt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-plo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gdtd_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdtd-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skds_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skds-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vnexpress_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vnexpress-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There exist several explanations for this custom: </p> <ul><li>Nghiêm Quốc Đạt, a teacher and Sơn Đồng's village-historian, believes that this custom is a vestige of outdated feudal misogynistic practices: in the past, sons were valued more than daughters; therefore, in the present, a son receives his family's surname as his surname, while a daughter only receives her father's branch-name (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">tên chi</i>) as her surname.<sup id="cite_ref-dt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Others contend that this custom did not stem from misogynistic discrimination: <ul><li>The Sơn Đồng government states that this custom's original purpose was to merely help distinguish the different branches of one same family; however, when a woman bears her father's surname and branch-name, that will still indicate which family and which branch she belongs to.<sup id="cite_ref-gdtd_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdtd-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Many Sơn Đồng's elders and people's commissar Nguyễn Chí Mậu state that those families consider the ostensible surnames - given to sons - to be the "additional names" (V.: <i lang="vi">tên đệm</i>) or "borrowed surnames" (V.: <i lang="vi">họ mượn</i>) and consider the ostensible branch-names - given to daughters - to be their "original surnames" (V.: <i lang="vi">họ gốc</i>) or main surnames (V.: <i lang="vi">họ chính</i>); in fact, many families with the same "borrowed surnames" are not blood-related at all and their current "main surnames" result from their true ancestral surnames being changed in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-plo_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skds_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skds-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vnexpress_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vnexpress-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, daughters bear the "main surnames" to remind themselves of their origins after getting married, according to Nguyễn Danh Hữu, the keeper of So village's shrine in Quốc Oai.<sup id="cite_ref-plo_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_name">Middle name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most Vietnamese have one middle name (tên đệm), but it is quite common to have two or more or to have no middle name at all. Middle names can be standalone (e.g. <i>Văn</i> or <i>Thị</i>), but is often combined with the given name for a more meaningful overall name, where the middle name is part of the overall given name. </p><p>In the past, the middle name was selected by parents from a fairly narrow range of options. Almost all women had <i>Thị</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1051880798">.mw-parser-output .vi-nom{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Han-Nom Kai","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinA","HanaMinB","HanaMin","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .vi-nom.ext{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP2","BabelStone Han","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinB","Han-Nom Kai",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">氏</span>) as their middle name, and many men had <i>Văn</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">文</span>). More recently, a broader range of names has been used, and people named <i>Thị</i> usually omit their middle name because they do not like to call it with their name. </p><p><i>Thị</i> is a most common female middle name, and most common amongst pre-1975 generation but less common amongst younger generations. <i>Thị</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">氏</span>) is an archaic <a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary">Sino-Vietnamese</a> suffix meaning "clan; family; lineage; hereditary house" and attached to a woman's original family name, but now is used to simply indicate the female sex. For example, the name "Trần Thị Mai Loan" means "Mai Loan, a female person of the Trần family"; meanwhile, the name "Nguyễn Lê Thị An" means "An, a female person of the Nguyễn and Lê families". Some traditional male middle names may include <i>Văn</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">文</span>), <i>Hữu</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">友</span>), <i>Đức</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">德</span>), <i>Thành</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">誠</span>), <i>Công</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">公</span>), <i>Minh</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">明</span>), and <i>Quang</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1051880798"><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom">光</span>). </p><p>The middle name can have several uses, with the fourth being most common nowadays: </p> <ol><li>To indicate a person's generation. Brothers and sisters may share the same middle name, which distinguish them from the generation before them and the generation after them (see <a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">generation name</a>).</li> <li>To separate branches of a large family: "Nguyễn <i>Hữu</i>", "Nguyễn <i>Sinh</i>", "Trần <i>Lâm</i>" (middle names can be taken from the mother's family name). However, this usage is still controversial<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (July 2018)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Vietnamese_name#Dubious" title="Talk:Vietnamese name">discuss</a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Some people<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2018)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> consider them to be a part of their family names, not family name + middle name. Some families may, however, set up arbitrary rules about giving a different middle name to each generation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>To indicate a person's position (<a href="/wiki/Birth_order" title="Birth order">birth order</a>) in the family. This usage is less common than others.</li> <li>To provide a poetic and positive meaning e.g. "Trần Gia Hạnh Phúc" meaning "Happiness to the Trần family".</li></ol> <p>The first three are no longer in use, and seen as too rigid and strictly conforming to family naming systems. Most middle names utilise the fourth, having a name to simply imply some positive characteristics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Given_name">Given name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Given name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In most cases, the middle name is formally part of the given name (tên gọi). For example, the name "Đinh Quang Dũng" is separated into the surname "Đinh" and the given name "Quang Dũng". In a normal name list, those two parts of the full name are put in two different columns. However, in daily conversation, the last word in a given name with a title before it is used to call or address a person: "Ông Dũng", "Anh Dũng", etc., with "Ông" and "Anh" being words to address the person and depend on age, social position, etc. </p><p>The given name is the primary form of address for Vietnamese. It is chosen by parents and usually has a literal meaning in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese language</a>. Names often represent beauty, such as bird or flower names, or attributes and characteristics that the parents want in their child, such as modesty (<i>Khiêm</i>, 謙). </p><p>Typically, Vietnamese will be addressed with their given name, even in formal situations, although an honorific equivalent to "Mr.", "Mrs.", etc. will be added when necessary. That contrasts with the situation in many other cultures in which the family name is used in formal situations, but it is a practice similar to usage in <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a> usage and, to some degree, <a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a>. It is similar to the Latin-American and southern European custom of referring to women as "<a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Doña/Dona</a>" and men as "<a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Don/Dom</a>", along with their first name. </p><p>Addressing someone by the family name is rare. In the past, women were usually called by their (maiden) family name, with <i>thị</i> (氏) as a suffix, similar to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In recent years, doctors are more likely than any other social group to be addressed by their family name, but that form of reference is more common in the north than in the south. Some extremely famous people are sometimes referred to by their family names, such as <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a> (<i>Bác Hồ</i>—"<i>Uncle Hồ</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>) (however, his real surname is Nguyễn), <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh_C%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n" title="Trịnh Công Sơn">Trịnh Công Sơn</a> (<i>nhạc Trịnh</i>—"<i>Trịnh music</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>), and <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Xu%C3%A2n_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hồ Xuân Hương">Hồ Xuân Hương</a> (<i>nữ sĩ họ Hồ</i>—"<i>the poetess with the family name Hồ</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>). Traditionally, people in Vietnam, particularly North Vietnam, addressed parents using the first child's name: Mr and Mrs Anh or Master Minh. </p><p>When being addressed within the family, children are sometimes referred to by their birth number, starting with one in the north but two in the south. That practice is less common recently, especially in the north. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Double_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Double name">Double names</a> are also common. For example, <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Phan_Th%E1%BB%8B_Kim_Ph%C3%BAc" class="mw-redirect" title="Phan Thị Kim Phúc">Phan Thị Kim Phúc</a></span></span> has the given name <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Kim Phúc</span></span>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rade_people" title="Rade people">Rade people</a> in Vietnam's <a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a> have a unique first name structure, with male names starting with the letter Y, and female names starting with the letter H. For examples, Y-Abraham, Y-Samuel, H'Mari, H'Sarah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_L%E1%BB%A3i" title="Lê Lợi">Lê Lợi</a></b> (a Emperor of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a>) has <i>Lê</i> is his family name and <i>Lợi</i> is his given name. He does not have any middle name.</li> <li><b>Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh San</b> (Emperor <a href="/wiki/Duy_T%C3%A2n" title="Duy Tân">Duy Tân</a>) has <i>Nguyễn</i> is his family name, <i>Phúc</i> is his middle name, and <i>Vĩnh San</i> is his given name (a <a href="/wiki/Double_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Double name">double names</a>). The name is similar to <b>Nguyễn Phúc Ánh</b> (Emperor <a href="/wiki/Gia_Long" title="Gia Long">Gia Long</a>, the first emperor of <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a>), who is commontly called as <b>Nguyễn Ánh</b>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Th%E1%BA%A5t_Thuy%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tôn Thất Thuyết">Tôn Thất Thuyết</a></b> has <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Th%E1%BA%A5t" title="Tôn Thất">Tôn Thất</a></i> is his family name (a compound surname) and <i>Thuyết</i> is his given name. He does not have any middle name. Sometimes his family name is confused with <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n" title="Tôn">Tôn</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_T%E1%BA%A5n_D%C5%A9ng" title="Nguyễn Tấn Dũng">Nguyễn Tấn Dũng</a></b> (a former <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Vietnam">prime minister</a>) has <i>Nguyễn</i> is his family name, <i>Tấn</i> is his middle name, and <i>Dũng</i> is his given name. In Vietnamese formal usage, he is referred to as Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, but by his given name ("Mr. Dũng") in English-language text of Vietnamese multimedia, not by his family name ("Mr. Nguyễn"). Informally he is "Ba Dũng" in Vietnamese. He can also be referred to as <i>Tấn Dũng</i>.</li> <li><b>Trần Kim Liên</b> (MC of the Voice People of Ho Chi Minh City) has <i>Trần</i> is her family name, <i>Kim</i> is her middle name, and <i>Liên</i> is her given name. She can also be referred to as <i>Kim Liên</i>.</li> <li>Likewise, the famous general and military leader, <b><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1p" title="Võ Nguyên Giáp">Võ Nguyên Giáp</a></b>, is referred to in Vietnamese by his full name (Võ Nguyên Giáp) in formal sources, but by his given name in English, i.e. "General Giáp". Informally, he is "Ông Giáp" or "Tướng Giáp" in Vietnamese. He can also be referred to as <i>Nguyên Giáp.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saints'_names"><span id="Saints.27_names"></span>Saints' names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Saints' names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Vietnam" title="Catholic Church in Vietnam">Vietnamese Catholics</a> are given a <a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">saint's name</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">tên thánh (holy name)</i> or <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">tên rửa tội (baptism name)</i></span>). Boys are given male saints' names, while girls are given female saints' names. This name appears first, before the family name, in formal religious contexts. Out of respect, clergy are usually referred to by saints' name. The saint's name also functions as a <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous name</a>, used instead of an individual's given name in prayers after their death. The most common saints' names are taken from the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, such as <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Phêrô</i></span> (Peter, or Pierre in French), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Phaolô</i></span> (Paul), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Gioan</i></span> (John), <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Maria</i></span> (Mary), and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Anna</i></span> or they may remain as they are without Vietnamisation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saints' names are respelled phonetically according to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a>. Some more well-known saints' names are derived further into names that sound more Vietnamese or easier to pronounce for Vietnamese speakers. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Etymologies of some saints' names<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Saint</th> <th>Name in Romance Language</th> <th>Vietnamese Name </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander</a></td> <td>Alexandre (Portuguese)</td> <td>A Lịch Sơn, Alexanđê </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony</a></td> <td>Antônio (Portuguese)</td> <td>Antôn, An Tôn, Antôniô </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict</a></td> <td>Benedictus (Latin)</td> <td>Biển Đức, Bênêđictô </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Clement</a></td> <td>Clemente (Portuguese)</td> <td>Clêmêntê, Lê Minh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a></td> <td>Constantino (Portuguese)</td> <td>Constantinô, Công Tăng </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></td> <td>Domingos (Portuguese)</td> <td>Đa Minh, Đaminh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena</a></td> <td>Helena (Portuguese)</td> <td>Hà Liên </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius</a></td> <td>Inácio (Portuguese)</td> <td>Inhaxiô, Y Nhã </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></td> <td>Juan Bautista (Spanish)</td> <td>Gioan Baotixita </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></td> <td>Giuseppe (Italian)</td> <td>Giuse </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Tours" title="Martin of Tours">Martin</a></td> <td>Martinho (Portuguese), Martín (Spanish)</td> <td>Martinô, Máctinô, Mạc Tính, Mạc Ty Nho </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></td> <td>Paulus (Latin), Paulo (Portuguese)</td> <td>Phaolô, Bảo Lộc </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Thaddaeus</a></td> <td>Tadeu (Portuguese)</td> <td>Tađêô, Thanh Diêu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban</a></td> <td>Urbano (Portuguese)</td> <td>Urbanô, Ước Bang </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Near-homonyms_distinguished_by_vowel_or_tones">Near-homonyms distinguished by vowel or tones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Near-homonyms distinguished by vowel or tones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some names may appear the same if simplified into a basic <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> script, as for example on websites, but are different names: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh_C%C4%83n" title="Trịnh Căn">Trịnh Căn</a> (鄭根, 1633–1709) reformist warlord, vs. <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh_C%C3%A1n" title="Trịnh Cán">Trịnh Cán</a> (鄭檊, 1777–1782) infant heir of warlord Trịnh Sâm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Du" title="Nguyễn Du">Nguyễn Du</a> (1765–1820) writer, vs. <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_D%E1%BB%AF" title="Nguyễn Dữ">Nguyễn Dữ</a> (c.1550) writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_T%C3%ADch_Chu" title="Hoàng Tích Chu">Hoàng Tích Chu</a> (1897–1933) journalist, vs. <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_T%C3%ADch_Ch%C3%B9" title="Hoàng Tích Chù">Hoàng Tích Chù</a> (1912–2003) painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_T%E1%BB%B5" title="Nguyễn Văn Tỵ">Nguyễn Văn Tỵ</a> (1917–1992) painter and poet, vs. <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_T%C3%BD" title="Nguyễn Văn Tý">Nguyễn Văn Tý</a> (1925–2019), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Thanh_H%C3%B9ng" title="Phan Thanh Hùng">Phan Thanh Hùng</a> (1960) football manager, vs. <a href="/wiki/Phan_Thanh_H%C6%B0ng" title="Phan Thanh Hưng">Phan Thanh Hưng</a> (1987), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_B%C3%ACnh" title="Nguyễn Bình">Nguyễn Bình</a> (1906–1951), vs. <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_B%C3%ADnh" title="Nguyễn Bính">Nguyễn Bính</a> (1918–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_H%C6%B0ng" title="Nguyễn Văn Hưng">Nguyễn Văn Hưng</a> (1958) representative of the Vietnam National Assembly, vs. <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_H%C3%B9ng_(martial_artist)" title="Nguyễn Văn Hùng (martial artist)">Nguyễn Văn Hùng</a> (1980), martial artist</li></ul> <p>Typically, as in the above examples, it is middle or the last personal given name which varies, as almost any <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1n-N%C3%B4m" class="mw-redirect" title="Hán-Nôm">Hán-Nôm</a> character may be used. The number of family names is limited. </p><p>Further, some historical names may be written using different <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>), but are still written the same in the modern Vietnamese alphabet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indexing_and_sorting_in_English">Indexing and sorting in English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indexing and sorting in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the English-language <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Manual_of_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Manual of Style">Chicago Manual of Style</a></i>, Vietnamese names in are <a href="/wiki/Subject_indexing" title="Subject indexing">indexed</a> according to the "<i>given name</i>, then <i>surname</i> + <i>middle name</i>", with a cross-reference placed in regards to the family name. <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Di%E1%BB%87m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngô Đình Diệm">Ngô Đình Diệm</a> would be listed as "Diệm, Ngô Đình" and <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1p" title="Võ Nguyên Giáp">Võ Nguyên Giáp</a> would be listed as "Giáp, Võ Nguyên".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Vietnamese, Vietnamese names are also typically sorted using the same order.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But at the present, Vietnamese names are commonly<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> indexed according "<i>middle-name</i> <i>given-name</i> then <i>SURNAME</i>" in <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a>, or "<i>SURNAME</i> then <i>middle-name given-name</i>" in <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Eastern_name_order" title="Personal name">Eastern name order</a>, to determine exactly the part of surname, especially in media (TV, website, SNS) at events of sports games. This method is similar to <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese names</a> or <a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean names</a> in events. For example:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Have single family name </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Name in Vietnamese (<a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Eastern_name_order" title="Personal name">Eastern name order</a>) </th> <th colspan="4">Name in English </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Fullname </th> <th rowspan="2">Family name </th> <th rowspan="2"><i>Middle name</i> + Given name </th> <th rowspan="2">Abbreviated </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Eastern_name_order" title="Personal name">Eastern name order</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Fullname </th> <th>Abbreviated </th> <th>Fullname </th> <th>Abbreviated </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Tu%C3%A2n" title="Phạm Tuân">Phạm Tuân</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m" title="Phạm">Phạm</a> </td> <td>Tuân (no middle name) </td> <td>P. Tuân </td> <td>PHAM Tuan </td> <td>PHAM T. </td> <td>Tuan PHAM </td> <td>T. PHAM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Xu%C3%A2n_Vinh" title="Hoàng Xuân Vinh">Hoàng Xuân Vinh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàng">Hoàng</a> </td> <td>Xuân Vinh (no middle name) </td> <td>H. Xuân Vinh </td> <td>HOANG Xuan Vinh </td> <td>HOANG X. V. </td> <td>Xuan Vinh HOANG </td> <td>X. V. HOANG </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_To%C3%A0n_(footballer,_born_1996)" title="Nguyễn Văn Toàn (footballer, born 1996)">Nguyễn Văn Toàn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyễn">Nguyễn</a> </td> <td><i>Văn</i> Toàn </td> <td>N. Văn Toàn </td> <td>NGUYEN Van Toan </td> <td>NGUYEN V. T. </td> <td>Van Toan NGUYEN </td> <td>V. T. NGUYEN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Quang_Li%C3%AAm" title="Lê Quang Liêm">Lê Quang Liêm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Lê">Lê</a> </td> <td>Quang Liêm (no middle name) </td> <td>L. Quang Liêm </td> <td>LE Quang Liem </td> <td>LE Q. L. </td> <td>Quang Liem LE </td> <td>Q. L. LE </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_S%C6%A1n" title="Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn">Nguyễn Ngọc Trường Sơn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyễn">Nguyễn</a> </td> <td><i>Ngọc</i> Trường Sơn </td> <td>N. Ngọc Trường Sơn<br />N. N. Trường Sơn<sup id="cite_ref-abbr_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abbr-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>NGUYEN Ngoc Truong Son </td> <td>NGUYEN N. T. S. </td> <td>Ngoc Truong Son NGUYEN </td> <td>N. T. S. NGUYEN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_%C3%81nh_Vi%C3%AAn" title="Nguyễn Thị Ánh Viên">Nguyễn Thị Ánh Viên</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyễn">Nguyễn</a> </td> <td><i>Thị</i> Ánh Viên </td> <td>N. Thị Ánh Viên<br />N. T. Ánh Viên<sup id="cite_ref-Thị_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thị-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>NGUYEN Thi Anh Vien </td> <td>NGUYEN T. A. V. </td> <td>Thi Anh Vien NGUYEN </td> <td>T. A. V. NGUYEN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_Li%E1%BB%85u" title="Nguyễn Thị Liễu">Nguyễn Thị Liễu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyễn">Nguyễn</a> </td> <td><i>Thị</i> Liễu </td> <td>N. Thị Liễu<br />N. T. Liễu<sup id="cite_ref-Thị_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thị-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>NGUYEN Thi Lieu </td> <td>NGUYEN T. L. </td> <td>Thi Lieu NGUYEN </td> <td>T. L. NGUYEN </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Have compound family name </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Name in Vietnamese (with <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Eastern_name_order" title="Personal name">Eastern name order</a>) </th> <th colspan="4">Name in English </th> <th rowspan="3">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Fullname </th> <th rowspan="2">Family name </th> <th rowspan="2"><i>Middle name</i> + Given name </th> <th rowspan="2">Abbreviate </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Eastern_name_order" title="Personal name">Eastern name order</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Full </th> <th>Abbreviate </th> <th>Full </th> <th>Abbreviate </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Th%E1%BA%A5t_Thuy%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tôn Thất Thuyết">Tôn Thất Thuyết</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Th%E1%BA%A5t" title="Tôn Thất">Tôn Thất</a> </td> <td>Thuyết (no middle name) </td> <td>T. T. Thuyết </td> <td>TON THAT Thuyet </td> <td>TON THAT T. </td> <td>Thuyet TON THAT </td> <td>T. TON THAT </td> <td><b><sup id="cite_ref-name1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_L%C3%AA_Qu%E1%BB%91c_To%C3%A0n" title="Trần Lê Quốc Toàn">Trần Lê Quốc Toàn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n" title="Trần">Trần</a> <a href="/wiki/Le_(surname)" title="Le (surname)">Lê</a> </td> <td><i>Quốc</i> Toàn </td> <td>T. L. Quốc Toàn </td> <td>TRAN LE Quoc Toan </td> <td>TRAN LE Q. T. </td> <td>Quoc Toan TRAN LE </td> <td>Q. T. TRAN LE </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-name2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Ho%C3%A0ng_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Anh" title="Bùi Hoàng Việt Anh">Bùi Hoàng Việt Anh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i" title="Bùi">Bùi</a> <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàng">Hoàng</a> </td> <td>Việt Anh (no middle name) </td> <td>B. H. Việt Anh </td> <td>BUI HOANG Viet Anh </td> <td>BUI HOANG V. A. </td> <td>Viet Anh BUI HOANG </td> <td>V. A. BUI HOANG </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-name3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>E<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_N%E1%BB%AF_Th%E1%BB%8B_Ninh" title="Tôn Nữ Thị Ninh">Tôn Nữ Thị Ninh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Th%E1%BA%A5t" title="Tôn Thất">Tôn Nữ</a> </td> <td><i>Thị</i> Ninh </td> <td>T. N. Thị Ninh<br />T. N. T. Ninh<sup id="cite_ref-Thị_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thị-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>TON NU Thi Ninh </td> <td>TON NU T. N. </td> <td>Thi Ninh TON NU </td> <td>T. N. TON NU </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-abbr-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abbr_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For people have length of fullname that is more than 3 single words, sometimes middle name is also abbreviated, to make the part of given name that unabbreviated is become 2 single words and not too long.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thị-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thị_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thị_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thị_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Because <i>Thị</i> (氏) is meaning "person of this (surname) family line" (same as the particle <i>da</i> in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese name</a> like <i>da Silva</i>, or <i>van</i> in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch name</a>), and more recently almost modern Vietnamese women do not like it, a lot of them named <i>Thị</i> usually abbreviate it when writing fullname (e.g. <i>Nguyễn T. Ánh Viên</i>, <i>N. T. Ánh Viên</i>), or omit <i>Thị</i> when writing fullname and call themself (e.g. <i>Nguyễn Ánh Viên</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name1_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To determine exactly his surname is <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n_Th%E1%BA%A5t" title="Tôn Thất">Tôn Thất</a>, and avoid confusing with <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4n" title="Tôn">Tôn</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To determine exactly his surname is combined from <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n" title="Trần">Trần</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_(surname)" title="Le (surname)">Lê</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name3-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name3_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To determine exactly his surname is combined from <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i" title="Bùi">Bùi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàng">Hoàng</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presentation">Presentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Presentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the high frequency of the same surnames in Vietnamese names, it has also become more popular to refer by middle and given name, which together officially is the given name. For example, <i>Lê Mạnh Cường</i> can be referred to as <i>Mạnh Cường</i> or simply as <i>Cường</i>. Since 2023, names in <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Vietnamese passports</a> have been split into two lines, with the middle name treated as part of the given name.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Presentations of Vietnamese name </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Surname </th> <th>Middle Name </th> <th>Given Name </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Lê</i> </td> <td><i>Mạnh</i> </td> <td><i>Cường</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Surname </th> <th colspan="2">Given name </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Lê</i> </td> <td colspan="2"><i>Mạnh Cường</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a></li> <li>Other similar naming systems: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_Vietnamese_surnames" class="mw-redirect" title="List of common Vietnamese surnames">List of common Vietnamese surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_Chinese_surnames" title="List of common Chinese surnames">List of common Chinese surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_surnames" title="List of Korean surnames">List of Korean surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_Japanese_surnames" title="List of common Japanese surnames">List of common Japanese surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_common_surnames" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most common surnames">List of most common surnames</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNews2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">News, V. T. V. (2019-04-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.vtv.vn/news/trinh-cong-son-s-music-connects-people-20190415134037689.htm">"Trinh Cong Son's music connects people"</a>. <i>english.vtv.vn</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.vtv.vn&rft.atitle=Trinh+Cong+Son%27s+music+connects+people&rft.date=2019-04-06&rft.aulast=News&rft.aufirst=V.+T.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.vtv.vn%2Fnews%2Ftrinh-cong-son-s-music-connects-people-20190415134037689.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justlanded.com/english/Vietnam/Vietnam-Guide/Visas-Permits/How-to-become-a-Vietnamese-citizen">Viet name is mandatory for citizenship</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huy Quoc To, Kiet Van Nguyen, Anh Gia-Tuan Nguyen, Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen, <i>Gender Prediction Based on Vietnamese Names with Machine Learning Techniques</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10852">https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10852</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lê Trung Hoa, <i>Họ Và Tên Người Việt Nam</i> (<i>Vietnamese Family and Personal Names</i>), Social Sciences Publishing House (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131062351/http://www.minhkhai.com.vn/Search.aspx?s=H%E1%BB%8D%20V%C3%A0%20T%C3%AAn%20Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di%20Vi%E1%BB%87t%20Nam">"::Minh Khai Book Store"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minhkhai.com.vn/Search.aspx?s%3DH%E1%BB%8D+V%C3%A0+T%C3%AAn+Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam">the original</a> on January 31, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3A%3AMinh+Khai+Book+Store&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minhkhai.com.vn%2FSearch.aspx%3Fs%253DH%25E1%25BB%258D%2BV%25C3%25A0%2BT%25C3%25AAn%2BNg%25C6%25B0%25E1%25BB%259Di%2BVi%25E1%25BB%2587t%2BNam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dt_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dt_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/bi-hai-chuyen-con-gai-khong-duoc-mang-ho-cha-1267761343.htm">"Bi hài chuyện con gái không được mang họ cha (Tragicomedy: Daughters not getting to bear their fathers' surnames)"</a>. <i>Báo điện tử Dân Trí</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n+t%E1%BB%AD+D%C3%A2n+Tr%C3%AD&rft.atitle=Bi+h%C3%A0i+chuy%E1%BB%87n+con+g%C3%A1i+kh%C3%B4ng+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c+mang+h%E1%BB%8D+cha+%28Tragicomedy%3A+Daughters+not+getting+to+bear+their+fathers%27+surnames%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdantri.com.vn%2Fxa-hoi%2Fbi-hai-chuyen-con-gai-khong-duoc-mang-ho-cha-1267761343.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plo_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plo_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plo_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plo.vn/post-305732.html">"Kỳ lạ làng con gái không mang họ cha (Peculiar Villages Where Daughters Don't Bear Their Fathers' Surnames)"</a>. <i>Báo Pháp Luật TP. Hồ Chí Minh</i> (in Vietnamese). 2014-11-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+Ph%C3%A1p+Lu%E1%BA%ADt+TP.+H%E1%BB%93+Ch%C3%AD+Minh&rft.atitle=K%E1%BB%B3+l%E1%BA%A1+l%C3%A0ng+con+g%C3%A1i+kh%C3%B4ng+mang+h%E1%BB%8D+cha+%28Peculiar+Villages+Where+Daughters+Don%27t+Bear+Their+Fathers%27+Surnames%29&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplo.vn%2Fpost-305732.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gdtd-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gdtd_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gdtd_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://giaoducthoidai.vn/post-557213.html">"Nơi con gái không mang họ cha (Where Daughters Don't Bear Their Fathers' Surnames)"</a>. <i>Báo Giáo dục và Thời đại Online</i> (in Vietnamese). 2020-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+Gi%C3%A1o+d%E1%BB%A5c+v%C3%A0+Th%E1%BB%9Di+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+Online&rft.atitle=N%C6%A1i+con+g%C3%A1i+kh%C3%B4ng+mang+h%E1%BB%8D+cha+%28Where+Daughters+Don%27t+Bear+Their+Fathers%27+Surnames%29&rft.date=2020-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgiaoducthoidai.vn%2Fpost-557213.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skds-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-skds_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skds_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://giadinh.suckhoedoisong.vn/con-gai-khong-duoc-mang-ho-cha-2-rac-roi-chuyen-don-ten-doi-ho-172201004120814353.htm">"Con gái không được mang họ cha (2): Rắc rối chuyện 'dồn tên đổi họ' (Daughter Not getting to Bear Their Fathers' Surnames (2): Troublesome 'Mass Change of Surnames')"</a>. <i>giadinh.suckhoedoisong.vn</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=giadinh.suckhoedoisong.vn&rft.atitle=Con+g%C3%A1i+kh%C3%B4ng+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c+mang+h%E1%BB%8D+cha+%282%29%3A+R%E1%BA%AFc+r%E1%BB%91i+chuy%E1%BB%87n+%27d%E1%BB%93n+t%C3%AAn+%C4%91%E1%BB%95i+h%E1%BB%8D%27+%28Daughter+Not+getting+to+Bear+Their+Fathers%27+Surnames+%282%29%3A+Troublesome+%27Mass+Change+of+Surnames%27%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgiadinh.suckhoedoisong.vn%2Fcon-gai-khong-duoc-mang-ho-cha-2-rac-roi-chuyen-don-ten-doi-ho-172201004120814353.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vnexpress-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vnexpress_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vnexpress_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnexpress.net/9-dong-ho-o-hung-yen-nhat-loat-xin-doi-ho-1999992.html">"9 dòng họ ở Hưng Yên nhất loạt xin... đổi họ (9 Families in Hưng Yên Petition in Unison to... Change Surnames)"</a>. <i>vnexpress.net</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vnexpress.net&rft.atitle=9+d%C3%B2ng+h%E1%BB%8D+%E1%BB%9F+H%C6%B0ng+Y%C3%AAn+nh%E1%BA%A5t+lo%E1%BA%A1t+xin...+%C4%91%E1%BB%95i+h%E1%BB%8D+%289+Families+in+H%C6%B0ng+Y%C3%AAn+Petition+in+Unison+to...+Change+Surnames%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2F9-dong-ho-o-hung-yen-nhat-loat-xin-doi-ho-1999992.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyễn_Long_Thao2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nguyễn Long Thao (7 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietcatholic.net/News/Html/98332.htm">"Tìm Hiểu Tên Thánh Của Người Công Giáo Việt Nam"</a> [Understanding the Saint's Names of Vietnamese Catholics]. <i>VietCatholic News</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VietCatholic+News&rft.atitle=T%C3%ACm+Hi%E1%BB%83u+T%C3%AAn+Th%C3%A1nh+C%E1%BB%A7a+Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+C%C3%B4ng+Gi%C3%A1o+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft.au=Nguy%E1%BB%85n+Long+Thao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vietcatholic.net%2FNews%2FHtml%2F98332.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĐỗ_Quang_Chính1972" class="citation book cs1">Đỗ Quang Chính (1972). <i>Lịch sử chữ Quốc ngữ</i> [<i>History of the Vietnamese alphabet</i>]. Saigon: Ra Khơi. pp. 69, 77, 88, 89, 97, 98, 105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD+ch%E1%BB%AF+Qu%E1%BB%91c+ng%E1%BB%AF&rft.place=Saigon&rft.pages=69%2C+77%2C+88%2C+89%2C+97%2C+98%2C+105&rft.pub=Ra+Kh%C6%A1i&rft.date=1972&rft.au=%C4%90%E1%BB%97+Quang+Ch%C3%ADnh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/CHIIndexingComplete.pdf">Indexes: A Chapter from The Chicago Manual of Style</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226005234/http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/CHIIndexingComplete.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-02-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>). <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Manual_of_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Manual of Style">Chicago Manual of Style</a></i>. Retrieved on December 23, 2014. p. 28 (PDF document p. 30/56).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgọc_Anh2018" class="citation web cs1">Ngọc Anh (August 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ketoanducminh.edu.vn/tin-tuc/102/3950/Sap-xep-ten-theo-thu-tu-ABC-trong-Word-–Ke-toan-Duc-Minh.html">"Sắp xếp tên theo thứ tự ABC trong Word"</a>. Học viện Đào tạo Kế toán Đức Minh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%E1%BA%AFp+x%E1%BA%BFp+t%C3%AAn+theo+th%E1%BB%A9+t%E1%BB%B1+ABC+trong+Word&rft.pub=H%E1%BB%8Dc+vi%E1%BB%87n+%C4%90%C3%A0o+t%E1%BA%A1o+K%E1%BA%BF+to%C3%A1n+%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c+Minh&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft.au=Ng%E1%BB%8Dc+Anh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fketoanducminh.edu.vn%2Ftin-tuc%2F102%2F3950%2FSap-xep-ten-theo-thu-tu-ABC-trong-Word-%E2%80%93Ke-toan-Duc-Minh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/tu-112023-ho-chieu-tach-ho-chu-dem-va-ten-thanh-2-dong-20221231214513212.htm">"Từ 1/1/2023, hộ chiếu tách "họ", "chữ đệm và tên" thành 2 dòng"</a> [From January 1, 2023, passports separate "surname", "middle name and first name" into 2 lines]. <i>Dân Trí</i> (in Vietnamese). 2022-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D%C3%A2n+Tr%C3%AD&rft.atitle=T%E1%BB%AB+1%2F1%2F2023%2C+h%E1%BB%99+chi%E1%BA%BFu+t%C3%A1ch+%22h%E1%BB%8D%22%2C+%22ch%E1%BB%AF+%C4%91%E1%BB%87m+v%C3%A0+t%C3%AAn%22+th%C3%A0nh+2+d%C3%B2ng&rft.date=2022-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdantri.com.vn%2Fxa-hoi%2Ftu-112023-ho-chieu-tach-ho-chu-dem-va-ten-thanh-2-dong-20221231214513212.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVietnamese+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_name&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnam-culture.com/articles-150-28/Why-a-Newborn-Baby-is-not-Given-a-Name.aspx">Vietnamese Naming Customs in Olden Days</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adoptvietnam.org/vietnamese/names.htm">Vietnamese names for girls and boys (limited)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yourvietnamese.com/">Introduction to Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPeSxwvjiTc">Vietnamese names</a> (examples and tonal pronunciation), <a href="/wiki/Video_lesson" title="Video lesson">video lesson</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="List of family name affixes">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture<br /><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia<br />and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a><br />and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vietnam_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vietnam_topics" title="Template talk:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vietnam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vietnam_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Vietnam" title="List of historical capitals of Vietnam">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dynasties" title="List of Vietnamese dynasties">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Vietnam" title="Economic history of Vietnam">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Vietnam" title="Military history of Vietnam">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Vietnam" title="Names of Vietnam">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Vietnam" title="Naval history of Vietnam">Naval</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vietnamese_history" title="Timeline of Vietnamese history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Prehistoric_period" title="History of Vietnam">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Ancient_period_(2879–111_BC)" title="History of Vietnam">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Chinese_domination_(111_BC–938_AD)" title="History of Vietnam">Chinese dominated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Monarchical_period_(938–1858)" title="History of Vietnam">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Modern_period_(1858–present)" title="History of Vietnam">French colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Vietnam (1945–present)">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vietnam" title="Geography of Vietnam">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Borders of Vietnam">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Vietnam" title="Climate of Vietnam">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Vietnam" title="Climate change in Vietnam">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Vietnam" title="List of ecoregions in Vietnam">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Vietnam" title="Environmental issues in Vietnam">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Vietnam" title="Protected areas of Vietnam">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Vietnam" title="List of national parks of Vietnam">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Vietnam" title="Wildlife of Vietnam">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Vietnam" title="List of mammals of Vietnam">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Vietnam" title="List of birds of Vietnam">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Vietnam" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Vietnam">Molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_Vietnam" title="List of endangered species in Vietnam">Endangered species</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Vietnam" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Vietnam">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district-level_subdivisions_in_Vietnam" title="List of district-level subdivisions in Vietnam">District-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)" title="Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam)">Commune-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_divisions_of_Vietnam" title="Electoral divisions of Vietnam">Electoral units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Vietnam" title="List of regions of Vietnam">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Hong (Red) River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vietnam" title="Constitution of Vietnam">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Fatherland_Front" title="Vietnamese Fatherland Front">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Vietnam">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vietnam" title="Law of Vietnam">Law</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Member_of_the_Secretariat" title="Permanent Member of the Secretariat">Permanent Member of the Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_officeholders_in_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="List of central officeholders in the Communist Party of Vietnam">History of central officeholders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Inspection_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Inspection Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Inspection Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Vietnam" title="Vice President of Vietnam">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam">Deputy Prime Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">Ministers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly of Vietnam">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Vietnam" title="Judicial system of Vietnam">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Supreme People's Procuracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuracy_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam">Procurator-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Courts_of_Vietnam" title="Military Courts of Vietnam">Military Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Vietnam">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_and_Security_Council" title="National Defense and Security Council">National Defense and Security Council</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Armed forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam#Main_force" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Border Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Public Security</a> <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Civil_Defense_Force" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Militia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Armed_Forces#Vietnam_Self-Defence_Militia" title="Vietnam People's Armed Forces">Self-Defence Militia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam" title="Agriculture in Vietnam">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Vietnam" title="Banking in Vietnam">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới"><i>Doi Moi</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">("Renovation")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Đồng <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Vietnam" title="Energy in Vietnam">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Vietnam" title="Nuclear power in Vietnam">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Vietnam" title="List of power stations in Vietnam">Power stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam" title="Foreign aid to Vietnam">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign trade of Vietnam">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_Vietnam" title="Five-Year Plans of Vietnam">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Vietnam" title="Manufacturing in Vietnam">Manufacturing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Standards" title="Vietnam Standards">Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Automotive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Vietnam" title="Poverty in Vietnam">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Vietnam" title="Science and technology in Vietnam">Science and Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_units_of_measurement" title="Vietnamese units of measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Vietnamese inventions and discoveries">Inventions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Vietnam" title="Internet in Vietnam">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Censorship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vietnam" title="Tourism in Vietnam">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Vietnam" title="Visa policy of Vietnam">Visa policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Vietnam" title="Expressways of Vietnam">Expressways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Rail transport in Vietnam">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Vietnam" title="List of airports in Vietnam">Airports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Vietnam" title="Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam">Water supply</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Air transport in Vietnam">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Rail transport in Vietnam">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Society of Vietnam">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Vietnam" title="Education in Vietnam">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Vietnam" title="List of universities in Vietnam">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Vietnam" title="Health in Vietnam">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Vietnam" title="HIV/AIDS in Vietnam">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">COVID-19</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vietnam" title="Crime in Vietnam">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Vietnam" title="Gambling in Vietnam">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Vietnam" title="Prostitution in Vietnam">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Sex trafficking in Vietnam">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Vietnam" title="Human trafficking in Vietnam">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Vietnam" title="Corruption in Vietnam">Corruption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vietnam" title="Public holidays in Vietnam">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Vietnam" title="Time in Vietnam">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Women</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Vietnam" title="Demographics of Vietnam">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_Vietnam" title="Eunuchs in Vietnam">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_and_computers" title="Vietnamese language and computers">Language and computers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Vietnam" title="Racism in Vietnam">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Folk religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism_in_Vietnam" title="Taoism in Vietnam">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Vietnam" title="Christianity in Vietnam">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam" title="Islam in Vietnam">Islam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFn_Qu%C3%A2n_Ca" title="Tiến Quân Ca">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_architecture" title="Vietnamese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_art" title="Vietnamese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Vietnam" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Vietnam">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_animation" title="Vietnamese animation">Animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_dishes" title="List of Vietnamese dishes">Dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_ingredients" title="List of Vietnamese ingredients">Ingredients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Vietnam" title="Dance in Vietnam">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Vietnam" title="Emblem of Vietnam">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_festivals_in_Vietnam" title="List of traditional festivals in Vietnam">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_literature" title="Vietnamese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_poetry" title="Vietnamese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_and_mass_media_in_Vietnam" title="Television and mass media in Vietnam">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Television" title="Vietnam Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News_Agency" title="Vietnam News Agency">News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Vietnam" title="List of newspapers in Vietnam">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">V-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Vietnamese musical instruments">Traditional musical instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_philosophy" title="Vietnamese philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Vietnam" title="Communism in Vietnam">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Vietnam" title="Socialism in Vietnam">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism_in_Vietnam" title="Trotskyism in Vietnam">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_Dignity_Theory" title="Person Dignity Theory">Person Dignity Theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Vietnam" title="Sport in Vietnam">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_traditional_games" title="List of Vietnamese traditional games">Traditional games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="Vietnamese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Vietnam" title="National symbols of Vietnam">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Vietnam" title="Theatre of Vietnam">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_studies" title="Vietnamese studies">Vietnamese studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vietnam" title="Outline of Vietnam">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vietnam" title="Category:Vietnam">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" 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