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<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="js-disabled"><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"/><title>Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml" title="Atom feed for Our World in Data"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="preload" href="/fonts/LatoLatin-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta property="og:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta property="og:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/owid.mjs"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&features=es2021,es2022,es2023,IntersectionObserver,IntersectionObserverEntry" as="script" data-cloudflare-disable-early-hints="true"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/owid.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/owid.css"/><meta name="citation_title" content="OWID Homepage"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/02/28"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Our World in Data"/><script>window._OWID_GDOC_PROPS = {"slug":"owid-homepage","published":true,"createdAt":"2024-02-22T21:04:05.000Z","publishedAt":"2024-02-28T15:02:00.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-17T08:28:51.000Z","revisionId":"ALBJ4LsWmyOb069qB-5yrQ2Nvrt6-6O6yS0YlDDbDn9WOwHoazuXbWHZImNbTaGaF6nOjfaGDaNKK0dkRPE3sg","markdown":"### Popular pages\n* [COVID-19 Data Explorer](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer)\n* [CO₂ & Greenhouse Gas Emissions](https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions)\n* [Child and Infant Mortality](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h37-KpdZ3qAJ9xSA4OhbmGfmLr3Ydc_z9oHtDTszBuQ/edit)\n* [Artificial Intelligence](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11t6XP9vKLDHeiDOcfaPOoc4TeQxHRixSjEikAlbGe0A/edit)\n* [Energy](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GRYE-mYiSEnes8rXjK6dCNi4KULLJB8KW03AOPci-b8/edit)\n* [Poverty](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UjJLoGF5VMfn8U4C3ZSJQrPhc_jFRkeEhrhz5Ksfq7M/edit)\n* [Global Education](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbKVWqPddBZy0NcHzDG-BSoCsN5tJnok3RXcLo6R9ls/edit)\n\n\n\n- [Browse our Data Insights(https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights)]\n\n<KeyIndicatorCollection>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest\" title=\"What share of children die before their fifth birthday?\" source=\"Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty\" title=\"What share of the population is living in extreme poverty?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy\" title=\"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN\" title=\"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison\" title=\"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment\" title=\"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA\" title=\"When has literacy become a widespread skill?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest\" title=\"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?\"/>\n</KeyIndicatorCollection>","publicationContext":"unlisted","breadcrumbs":null,"manualBreadcrumbs":null,"tags":[],"errors":[{"property":"linkedAuthors","message":"Author \"Our World in Data\" does not exist or is not published","type":"warning"}],"donors":[],"imageMetadata":{"Food-GHG-emissions-thumbnail.png":{"id":2955,"filename":"Food-GHG-emissions-thumbnail.png","defaultAlt":null,"updatedAt":1739777661544,"originalWidth":1200,"originalHeight":630,"cloudflareId":"4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200"},"fossil-fuel-subsidies-featured.png":{"id":2779,"filename":"fossil-fuel-subsidies-featured.png","defaultAlt":"A rectangular table with two rows and five columns. The first row contains colored blocks, starting from the left with a deep purple block, followed by a light purple, a pale lavender, and two shades of peach. The second row mirrors the first, repeating the same arrangement of colors.","updatedAt":1737625317850,"originalWidth":2400,"originalHeight":1260,"cloudflareId":"58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400"},"maternal-deaths-scenario-featured.png":{"id":2781,"filename":"maternal-deaths-scenario-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured image","updatedAt":1737712327813,"originalWidth":2400,"originalHeight":1260,"cloudflareId":"1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400"},"reducing-air-pollution-featured.png":{"id":2934,"filename":"reducing-air-pollution-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured image","updatedAt":1739463400326,"originalWidth":2400,"originalHeight":1260,"cloudflareId":"2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00"},"thumbnail_max_kuleuven.png":{"id":2872,"filename":"thumbnail_max_kuleuven.png","defaultAlt":"A photo of Max Roser and others marching through town as part of the ceremony for receiving an honorary doctorate from KU Leuven and UCLouvain in Belgium. The photo is copyright KU Leuven - Rob Stevens.","updatedAt":1739177772940,"originalWidth":4800,"originalHeight":2520,"cloudflareId":"679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00"},"animals-killed-for-meat-per-year-worldwide-1961-to-2022-mobile.png":{"id":2966,"filename":"animals-killed-for-meat-per-year-worldwide-1961-to-2022-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"The image presents a data visualization illustrating the number of animals killed for meat worldwide from 1961 to 2022. It is divided into four sections, each representing a different animal species:\n\n1. **Chickens**: Shown in orange, the graph starts at zero in 1961 and rises sharply, reaching approximately 60 billion killed by 2022.\n \n2. **Pigs**: Displayed in green, this chart shows a more gradual increase, starting from zero in 1961 and peaking at around 1 billion killed by 2022.\n\n3. **Sheep and Goats**: Presented in blue, this line shows a steady rise from zero in 1961 to nearly 400 million by 2022, with a peak near 1 billion.\n\n4. **Cows**: Illustrated in dark green, this graph shows a slow but consistent increase from zero to about 300 million killed by 2022.\n\nEach section has a label indicating the species and the number of animals on the vertical axis, while the horizontal axis marks the years from 1961 to 2022. The bottom of the image references the data source as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN from 2023, with a CC BY attribution.","updatedAt":1739872486917,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"b1a51929-5a19-40d6-5795-6770a75ca400"},"factory-farms-us-mobile.png":{"id":2938,"filename":"factory-farms-us-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"An infographic titled \"Most livestock in the United States are factory-farmed.\" It lists the percentages and numbers of animals raised in factory farms, defined by the EPA as operations with intensive feeding for over 45 days. Chickens: 99.96%, 9.2 billion; Turkeys: 99.8%, 260 million; Farmed fish: 100%, 530 million; Cows: 75%, 66 million; Egg-laying hens: 98.3%, 380 million; Pigs: 98.6%, 73 million. Data source: Sentience Institute (2024), with data from 2022.","updatedAt":1739466605977,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500"},"global-car-peak-desktop.png":{"id":2402,"filename":"global-car-peak-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"A bar chart titled \"Global sales of combustion engine cars have peaked,\" showing annual car sales from 2010 to 2023. The chart highlights that combustion engine car sales peaked in 2017/18 and have declined since, while electric car sales (in orange) have steadily risen. Total car sales hover around 70–80 million annually, with electric cars making a growing share of the market from 2018 onward. Data source: International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024. Note: Electric cars include fully battery-electric and plug-in hybrids.","updatedAt":1732614452616,"originalWidth":3400,"originalHeight":2400,"cloudflareId":"cf1cfa9d-08ae-4b89-e832-318d4b0d7000"},"global-car-peak-mobile.png":{"id":2939,"filename":"global-car-peak-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"A bar chart titled \"Global sales of combustion engine cars have peaked,\" showing annual car sales from 2010 to 2023. The chart highlights that combustion engine car sales peaked in 2017/18 and have declined since, while electric car sales (in orange) have steadily risen. Total car sales hover around 70–80 million annually, with electric cars making a growing share of the market from 2018 onward. Data source: International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024. Note: Electric cars include fully battery-electric and plug-in hybrids.","updatedAt":1739466720576,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900"},"internet-usage-has-surged-in-asias-four-most-populous-countries-mobile.png":{"id":2887,"filename":"internet-usage-has-surged-in-asias-four-most-populous-countries-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"A graph titled \"Internet usage has surged in Asia's four most populous countries\" shows the percentage of the population that used the Internet in the last three months across four countries: China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan. \n\n- In China, the percentage increased from 2% in 2000 to 77% in 2023, with a steadily rising line.\n- India shows a rise from 1% in 2000 to 43% in 2023, with a gradual upward trend.\n- Indonesia's internet usage jumped from 1% in 2000 to 69% in 2023, following a similar growth pattern.\n- Pakistan also increased its usage from 1% in 2000 to 33% in 2023, showcasing an upward trend.\n\nAt the bottom, there is a note indicating the data source is the International Telecommunication Union via the World Bank, along with additional information that India's latest data is from 2020 and Pakistan's is from 2022. The graphic has a Creative Commons BY attribution.","updatedAt":1739280138957,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"f724c1ba-876e-4c65-884a-33d05add2300"},"mothers-lost-child-mobile.png":{"id":2950,"filename":"mothers-lost-child-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"A global map shows the share of mothers aged 20–44 who have lost a child under five years old. The data is categorized into four ranges: less than 1% (light yellow), 1% to 5% (yellow), 5% to 10% (orange), 10% to 30% (dark orange), and more than 30% (red). Higher rates are concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia, while lower rates are seen in North America, Europe, and parts of East Asia. Data is sourced from Smith-Greenaway et al. (2021) and reflects single-year estimates between 2010 and 2018.","updatedAt":1739549681394,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"35ea298e-048f-4c7e-3b97-717282c36f00"},"nine-asian-countries-where-child-mortality-has-dropped-by-over-50-since-2000.png":{"id":2869,"filename":"nine-asian-countries-where-child-mortality-has-dropped-by-over-50-since-2000.png","defaultAlt":"A data visualization titled \"Nine Asian countries where child mortality has halved since 2000.\" The chart shows the estimated percentage of newborns dying before age five in nine countries: Afghanistan (13% in 2000 to 6% in 2022), Cambodia (11% to 2%), Laos (11% to 4%), Bangladesh (9% to 3%), Myanmar (9% to 4%), India (9% to 3%), Nepal (8% to 3%), Indonesia (5% to 2%), and China (4% to 1%). Each country is represented by a line graph showing a significant decline in child mortality over time. Data source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2024), CC BY.","updatedAt":1739113639180,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600"},"these-nine-african-countries-rely-heavily-on-oil-for-their-economies-mobile.png":{"id":2974,"filename":"these-nine-african-countries-rely-heavily-on-oil-for-their-economies-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"A bar chart illustrating the reliance of nine African economies on oil rents as a percentage of GDP for the year 2021. The chart includes the following countries listed from highest to lowest percentage: Libya at 56%, Congo at 34%, Angola at 28%, Chad at 17%, Gabon at 16%, Equatorial Guinea at 15%, Algeria at 14%, Nigeria at 6.2%, and Ghana at 4.1%. A note highlights that oil rents account for over half of Libya's GDP. The source of the data is the World Bank, 2024. The chart features colored bars representing each country's oil rent percentage, along with the flags of the respective countries next to their names.","updatedAt":1739904021948,"originalWidth":2160,"originalHeight":2160,"cloudflareId":"36e3cfca-998e-4d93-dfe6-e5aab9122f00"}},"linkedAuthors":[],"linkedCharts":{"child-mortality":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"child-mortality","title":"Child mortality rate","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":989105},"share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","title":"Share of population living in extreme 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rate","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":998324},"share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity","title":"Share of the population with access to electricity","tab":"map","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":1007871},"mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","title":"Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people","tab":"map","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":1008188},"technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","title":"Share of United States households using specific technologies","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states.png","tags":[]},"climate-change":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"climate-change","title":"Climate Change Impacts","subtitle":"Explore the impacts of global climate change.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Climate Change"]},"co2":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"co2","title":"CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions","subtitle":"Explore data on greenhouse gas emissions.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions"]},"poverty-explorer":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"poverty-explorer","title":"Poverty","subtitle":"Explore key poverty indicators from World Bank data.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/poverty-explorer","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Poverty"]},"population-and-demography":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"population-and-demography","title":"Population & Demography","subtitle":"Explore data from the United Nations World Population Prospects.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Population and Demographic Change"]},"global-health":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"global-health","title":"Global Health","subtitle":"Explore data on child and maternal health, diseases, life expectancy, and health systems around the world.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/global-health","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Global Health"]},"energy":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"energy","title":"Energy","subtitle":"Explore data on energy production and sources.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Energy"]}},"linkedIndicators":{"833085":{"id":833085,"title":"Share of people that are undernourished","attributionShort":"FAO"},"900793":{"id":900793,"title":"GDP per capita","attributionShort":"In constant international-$. Historical data – Maddison Project Database"},"989105":{"id":989105,"title":"Under-five mortality rate","attributionShort":"Long-run data – UN IGME; Gapminder"},"990305":{"id":990305,"title":"Share of population living in extreme poverty","attributionShort":"World Bank"},"998324":{"id":998324,"title":"Literacy rate"},"998404":{"id":998404,"title":"Per capita CO₂ emissions","attributionShort":"GCB"},"1002268":{"id":1002268,"title":"Life expectancy at birth","attributionShort":"period tables – Various sources"},"1007871":{"id":1007871,"title":"Share of the population with access to electricity","attributionShort":"World Bank"}},"linkedDocuments":{"1_yc5hUDsqz9KSdhyhLaqwfK9BEJ_AdyleaI2PR5ae5I":{"id":"1_yc5hUDsqz9KSdhyhLaqwfK9BEJ_AdyleaI2PR5ae5I","title":"Our founder, Max Roser, has received two prestigious honors","slug":"max-roser-received-two-prestigious-honors","authors":["Angela Wenham","Charlie Giattino"],"publishedAt":"February 10, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"An honorary doctorate from KU Leuven & UCLouvain and a “Dove of Peace” in Germany.","excerpt":"An honorary doctorate from KU Leuven & UCLouvain and a “Dove of Peace” in Germany.","type":"article","featured-image":"thumbnail_max_kuleuven.png"},"11rcKNggIo_XMFyGnv9cPaIEbpzm60IYb6Wt1XgrTCV4":{"id":"11rcKNggIo_XMFyGnv9cPaIEbpzm60IYb6Wt1XgrTCV4","title":"How much in subsidies do fossil fuels receive?","slug":"how-much-subsidies-fossil-fuels","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"January 27, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"Estimates range from less than $1 trillion to $7 trillion. Where do these numbers come from?","excerpt":"Estimates range from less than $1 trillion to $7 trillion. Where do these numbers come from?","type":"article","featured-image":"fossil-fuel-subsidies-featured.png"},"15EMzPKAEFOR9IMWM4NI-inXa3vffLBuCOy49swgTchw":{"id":"15EMzPKAEFOR9IMWM4NI-inXa3vffLBuCOy49swgTchw","title":"If we can make maternal deaths as rare as in the healthiest countries, we can save 275,000 mothers each year","slug":"maternal-deaths-save-mothers","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"February 03, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"Maternal mortality was much more common in the past. It is much lower today, but global inequalities are still large.","excerpt":"Maternal mortality was much more common in the past. It is much lower today, but global inequalities are still large.","type":"article","featured-image":"maternal-deaths-scenario-featured.png"},"1IyKQx8mXhCvbSaRwFzhxQLci0Sx3P93swsSuBnwVT2w":{"id":"1IyKQx8mXhCvbSaRwFzhxQLci0Sx3P93swsSuBnwVT2w","title":"In many countries, people breathe the cleanest air in centuries. What can the rest of the world learn from this?","slug":"cleanest-air-lessons","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"February 17, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"Air pollution tends to get worse before it gets better, but how can we accelerate this transition?","excerpt":"Air pollution tends to get worse before it gets better, but how can we accelerate this transition?","type":"article","featured-image":"reducing-air-pollution-featured.png"},"1urxTFCg1BXBSMSjP4OmiG_iRHJuz5Fp5RSBvq53LtbM":{"id":"1urxTFCg1BXBSMSjP4OmiG_iRHJuz5Fp5RSBvq53LtbM","title":"Food production is responsible for one-quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions","slug":"food-ghg-emissions","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"November 06, 2019","published":true,"subtitle":"One-quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions result from food and agriculture. What are the main contributors to food's emissions?","excerpt":"One-quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions result from food and agriculture. What are the main contributors to food's emissions?","type":"article","featured-image":"Food-GHG-emissions-thumbnail.png"}},"latestDataInsights":[{"id":"1B4Ix_o0-vJpXSqx8myD-R8jrpAq0si5gwj-_Zn-mkJU","slug":"many-african-countries-are-heavily-dependent-on-profits-from-oil","publishedAt":"2025-02-21T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"these-nine-african-countries-rely-heavily-on-oil-for-their-economies-mobile.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Oil production plays an important role in the economy of many African countries. The chart shows ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"id":"oil-rents","children":[{"text":"oil rents","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-dod"},{"text":" as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) for the nine African nations most reliant on it.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Libya ranks first, with oil rents equivalent to 56% of its GDP in 2021, followed by Congo at 34% and Angola at 28%. Despite being Africa’s ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/oil-production-by-country?time=2021&country=NGA~LBY~COG~AGO~GAB~DZA~GNQ~TCD~GHA~USA","children":[{"text":"largest","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" oil producer, Nigeria’s oil rents are just 6.2% of its GDP.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Despite this, these countries’ oil production is relatively modest on a global scale. In 2021, their combined output was ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/oil-production-by-country?time=2021&country=NGA~LBY~COG~AGO~GAB~DZA~GNQ~TCD~GHA~USA","children":[{"text":"less than half","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of what the United States, the world’s top producer, extracted.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/oil-production-by-country","children":[{"text":"Explore oil production for more countries","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"Many African countries are heavily dependent on oil production","authors":["Simon van Teutem"],"approved-by":"Hannah","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/oil-rents-as-a-share-of-gdp"}},{"id":"1HGh3psOFzR-b7QMoUypHEoHC31hVnXSA6gGOPe5KiQU","slug":"internet-use-has-grown-rapidly-but-unevenly-across-asias-largest-countries","publishedAt":"2025-02-20T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"internet-usage-has-surged-in-asias-four-most-populous-countries-mobile.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Since the turn of the millennium, Internet access has grown quickly but at different rates across Asia’s most populous nations.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Four countries, home to more than ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography?facet=none&country=CHN~IND~USA~IDN~PAK~OWID_WRL&hideControls=false&Metric=Population&Sex=Both+sexes&Age+group=Total&Projection+Scenario=None","children":[{"text":"40%","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of the world's population, tell this story in the chart: China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Internet users in China rose from 2% in 2000 to 77% in 2023, while Indonesia’s users grew from 1% to 69%. The pace has been slower in South Asia, with India reaching 43% by 2020 and Pakistan 33% by 2022.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-individuals-using-the-internet","children":[{"text":"Explore Internet usage for more countries","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"Internet use has grown rapidly but unevenly across Asia's largest countries","authors":["Simon van Teutem"],"approved-by":"Hannah","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-individuals-using-the-internet"}},{"id":"1QhBZq5REP4N9-O9iShxhEjVVOyFV6qJOwuWH10BRDSI","slug":"in-some-countries-more-than-one-in-three-mothers-have-lost-a-child-younger-than-five","publishedAt":"2025-02-19T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"mothers-lost-child-mobile.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"There are few experiences, if any, that are more painful for a parent than losing a child.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In the past, child deaths were much more common than they are today. But even when these deaths were not unusual, historical diary entries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/parents-losing-their-child","children":[{"text":"show us","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" that most parents still found them heartbreaking.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Unfortunately, in many countries today, a large share of parents still experience the loss of a child. The map here shows the share of mothers who lost a child before they reached the age of five.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In most of Europe and North America, this share is less than 1%. But in some of the world’s poorest countries — like Cameroon, Nigeria, and the Central African Republic — more than one in three mothers have experienced this tragedy.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"These figures come ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/4/e004837.abstract","children":[{"text":"from a research article","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" by Emily Smith-Greenaway and colleagues, based on reported or estimated data from 2010 to 2018 for mothers aged 20 to 44.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/parents-losing-their-child","children":[{"text":"Read my colleague Max Roser’s article for more historical context around this data","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"In some countries, more than one in three mothers have lost a child younger than five","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"approved-by":"Ed","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-mothers-who-have-lost-a-child-under-5"}},{"id":"13zrM9Kx13TlGkR-oezLqeUmEjgtuGl9dP6OJP-2RAtI","slug":"more-land-animals-than-ever-before-are-slaughtered-for-meat","publishedAt":"2025-02-18T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"animals-killed-for-meat-per-year-worldwide-1961-to-2022-mobile.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Global livestock numbers — tracked by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization since 1961 — have surged, with particularly large increases in the number of chickens, pigs, sheep, goats, and cows.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"For many land animals, life is ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/every-second-10-cows-47-pigs-and-2400-chickens-are-slaughtered-for-meat","children":[{"text":"short and painful","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". Recent estimates indicate that globally, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/how-many-animals-are-factory-farmed","children":[{"text":"most animals","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" are raised on factory farms. In the US, where better data and research are available, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-kK7MckuPo0C1McpaB8BBeAqcKD4V9lM4_0vYGF9ct0/edit?tab=t.0","children":[{"text":"99%","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of livestock is factory-farmed.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/animal-welfare","children":[{"text":"Explore many more interactive charts and articles on animal welfare","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"More land animals than ever before are slaughtered for meat","authors":["Simon van Teutem"],"approved-by":"Max","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat"}},{"id":"1wx2EF16GhWU2okOKcf0teV7_cdgTq0YjCGExFwPK3AM","slug":"global-sales-of-combustion-engine-cars-have-peaked","publishedAt":"2025-02-17T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"global-car-peak-desktop.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[],"smallFilename":"global-car-peak-mobile.png"},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"To decarbonize road transport, the world must move away from petrol and diesel cars and towards electric vehicles and other forms of low-carbon transport.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This transition has already started. In fact, global sales of combustion engine cars are well past the peak and are now falling.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"As you can see in the chart, global sales peaked in 2018. This is calculated based on data from the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2024","children":[{"text":"International Energy Agency","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". 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The chart shows nine countries that have reduced child mortality rates by more than half since 2000. This means millions more children surviving through the crucial early years of life.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In India, for example, child mortality fell from 9% to 3%. China saw a similar decrease from 4% to just 1%. ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality#introduction","children":[{"text":"Key reasons","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" for these gains include improved nutrition, clean water, sanitation, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/infant-mortality-vaccines","children":[{"text":"vaccinations","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", and poverty reduction.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"However, even with these improvements, rates of 1–6% still reflect ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography?tab=map&time=latest&region=Asia&hideControls=false&Metric=Number+of+child+deaths&Sex=Both+sexes&Age+group=Total&Projection+Scenario=None&country=~Asia+%28UN%29","children":[{"text":"hundreds of thousands","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of young lives lost each year in these countries.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This is a story of remarkable progress — but one that’s not yet finished.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-igme","children":[{"text":"Explore child mortality data for more countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":"→","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"In these nine Asian countries, child mortality has more than halved since the year 2000","authors":["Simon van Teutem"],"approved-by":"Max","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-igme"}},{"id":"1-kK7MckuPo0C1McpaB8BBeAqcKD4V9lM4_0vYGF9ct0","slug":"almost-all-livestock-in-the-united-states-is-factory-farmed","publishedAt":"2025-02-13T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"factory-farms-us-mobile.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"It’s difficult to quantify animal suffering in a single number, but one metric often used to measure living conditions is the number of animals raised on “factory farms”.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Factory farms are defined as “","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_animal_feeding_operation","children":[{"text":"concentrated animal feeding operations","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":"” where many animals are held in an intensive feeding operation for more than 45 days.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"99% of livestock in the United States is factory-farmed. 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Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Two centuries ago, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty-in-brief","children":[{"text":"the majority","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"makes it possible","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Big improvements were achieved by countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally","children":[{"text":"around the world","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages","children":[{"text":"at all ages","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus","children":[{"text":"COVID-19 pandemic","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?","source":"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The main source of carbon dioxide (CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":") emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions","children":[{"text":"greenhouse gas","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" causing ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","children":[{"text":"climate change","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Globally, CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The source for this CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita","children":[{"text":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"average income","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods","children":[{"text":"were poor","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth","children":[{"text":"economic growth","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" that made it possible ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap","children":[{"text":"to leave","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment","children":[{"text":"Hunger","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/famines","children":[{"text":"famines","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" were common around the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/better-learning","children":[{"text":"it remains","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"At Our World in Data, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/how-is-literacy-measured","children":[{"text":"we investigated","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"When has literacy become a widespread skill?","source":"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/light-at-night","children":[{"text":"Light at night","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" makes it possible to get together after sunset; ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","children":[{"text":"mobile phones","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","children":[{"text":"household appliances","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/definition-electricity-access","children":[{"text":"most basic","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"}],"spanType":"span-italic"},{"text":" electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest","parseErrors":[]}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"explorer-tiles","title":"Data explorers","subtitle":"Interactive visualization tools to explore a wide range of related indicators.","explorers":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/poverty-explorer"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/global-health"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"homepage","title":"OWID Homepage","authors":["Our World in Data"],"excerpt":"OWID Homepage"}}</script><script> function setJSEnabled(enabled) { var elem = window.document.documentElement; 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From left to right: Science, Nature, PNAS, BBC, Financial Times, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Atlantic, and The Washington Post" width="230" height="75" loading="lazy"/></section><section class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 col-start-5 span-md-cols-12 col-md-start-2 homepage-intro__right-section"><h2 class="span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 h5-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-heading">Featured work</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 homepage-intro__featured-work-container"><div class="homepage-intro__primary-tiles span-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/cleanest-air-lessons" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 640px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=2400" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="reducing-air-pollution-featured.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker"><span class="homepage-intro__new-tag">New</span>Article · 14 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">In many countries, people breathe the cleanest air in centuries. What can the rest of the world learn from this?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Air pollution tends to get worse before it gets better, but how can we accelerate this transition?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__secondary-tiles span-cols-3 col-start-7"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/food-ghg-emissions" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=1200 1200w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=1200" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="Food-GHG-emissions-thumbnail.png" width="1200" height="630"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">From our classics</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Food production is responsible for one-quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">One-quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions result from food and agriculture. What are the main contributors to food's emissions?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-deaths-save-mothers" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=2400" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="maternal-deaths-scenario-featured.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 4 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">If we can make maternal deaths as rare as in the healthiest countries, we can save 275,000 mothers each year</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Maternal mortality was much more common in the past. It is much lower today, but global inequalities are still large.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__tertiary-tiles span-cols-6 grid grid-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/max-roser-received-two-prestigious-honors" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=4800 4800w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=4800" alt="A photo of Max Roser and others marching through town as part of the ceremony for receiving an honorary doctorate from KU Leuven and UCLouvain in Belgium. The photo is copyright KU Leuven - Rob Stevens." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="thumbnail_max_kuleuven.png" width="4800" height="2520"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Announcement</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Our founder, Max Roser, has received two prestigious honors</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">An honorary doctorate from KU Leuven & UCLouvain and a “Dove of Peace” in Germany.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Angela Wenham and Charlie Giattino</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-much-subsidies-fossil-fuels" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=2400" alt="A rectangular table with two rows and five columns. The first row contains colored blocks, starting from the left with a deep purple block, followed by a light purple, a pale lavender, and two shades of peach. The second row mirrors the first, repeating the same arrangement of colors." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="fossil-fuel-subsidies-featured.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 10 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">How much in subsidies do fossil fuels receive?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Estimates range from less than $1 trillion to $7 trillion. Where do these numbers come from?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="span-cols-6 homepage-intro__see-all-work-button-container"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button">See all our latest work <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="span-cols-6 span-sm-cols-12"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button homepage-intro__see-all-work-button--mobile">See all our latest work <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></section></section><section class="article-block__latest-data-insights grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14 latest-data-insights-block"><header class="latest-data-insights-block__header span-cols-8 col-start-2 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><h2 class="h2-bold">Daily Data Insights</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Bite-sized insights on how the world is changing, published every weekday.</p></header><a href="/data-insights" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion latest-data-insights-block__see-all-data-insights-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2">See all Daily Data Insights <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="latest-data-insights span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="latest-data-insights__viewport"><div class="latest-data-insights__card-container"><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/36e3cfca-998e-4d93-dfe6-e5aab9122f00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/36e3cfca-998e-4d93-dfe6-e5aab9122f00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/36e3cfca-998e-4d93-dfe6-e5aab9122f00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/36e3cfca-998e-4d93-dfe6-e5aab9122f00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/36e3cfca-998e-4d93-dfe6-e5aab9122f00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/36e3cfca-998e-4d93-dfe6-e5aab9122f00/w=2160 2160w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/36e3cfca-998e-4d93-dfe6-e5aab9122f00/w=2160" alt="A bar chart illustrating the reliance of nine African economies on oil rents as a percentage of GDP for the year 2021. The chart includes the following countries listed from highest to lowest percentage: Libya at 56%, Congo at 34%, Angola at 28%, Chad at 17%, Gabon at 16%, Equatorial Guinea at 15%, Algeria at 14%, Nigeria at 6.2%, and Ghana at 4.1%. A note highlights that oil rents account for over half of Libya's GDP. The source of the data is the World Bank, 2024. The chart features colored bars representing each country's oil rent percentage, along with the flags of the respective countries next to their names." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="these-nine-african-countries-rely-heavily-on-oil-for-their-economies-mobile.png" width="2160" height="2160"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline data-insight-dateline--is-today"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>Today</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Many African countries are heavily dependent on oil production</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Oil production plays an important role in the economy of many African countries. The chart shows </span><span class="dod-span" data-id="oil-rents" tabindex="0"><span>oil rents</span></span><span> as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) for the nine African nations most reliant on it.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Libya ranks first, with oil rents equivalent to 56% of its GDP in 2021, followed by Congo at 34% and Angola at 28%. Despite being Africa’s </span><span><span>largest</span></span><span> oil producer, Nigeria’s oil rents are just 6.2% of its GDP.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Despite this, these countries’ oil production is relatively modest on a global scale. In 2021, their combined output was </span><span><span>less than half</span></span><span> of what the United States, the world’s top producer, extracted.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore oil production for more countries</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#second-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f724c1ba-876e-4c65-884a-33d05add2300/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f724c1ba-876e-4c65-884a-33d05add2300/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f724c1ba-876e-4c65-884a-33d05add2300/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f724c1ba-876e-4c65-884a-33d05add2300/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f724c1ba-876e-4c65-884a-33d05add2300/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f724c1ba-876e-4c65-884a-33d05add2300/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/f724c1ba-876e-4c65-884a-33d05add2300/w=1620" alt="A graph titled "Internet usage has surged in Asia's four most populous countries" shows the percentage of the population that used the Internet in the last three months across four countries: China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan. - In China, the percentage increased from 2% in 2000 to 77% in 2023, with a steadily rising line. - India shows a rise from 1% in 2000 to 43% in 2023, with a gradual upward trend. - Indonesia's internet usage jumped from 1% in 2000 to 69% in 2023, following a similar growth pattern. - Pakistan also increased its usage from 1% in 2000 to 33% in 2023, showcasing an upward trend. At the bottom, there is a note indicating the data source is the International Telecommunication Union via the World Bank, along with additional information that India's latest data is from 2020 and Pakistan's is from 2022. The graphic has a Creative Commons BY attribution." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="internet-usage-has-surged-in-asias-four-most-populous-countries-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>Yesterday</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Internet use has grown rapidly but unevenly across Asia's largest countries</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Since the turn of the millennium, Internet access has grown quickly but at different rates across Asia’s most populous nations.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Four countries, home to more than </span><span><span>40%</span></span><span> of the world's population, tell this story in the chart: China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Internet users in China rose from 2% in 2000 to 77% in 2023, while Indonesia’s users grew from 1% to 69%. The pace has been slower in South Asia, with India reaching 43% by 2020 and Pakistan 33% by 2022.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore Internet usage for more countries</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#third-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/35ea298e-048f-4c7e-3b97-717282c36f00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/35ea298e-048f-4c7e-3b97-717282c36f00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/35ea298e-048f-4c7e-3b97-717282c36f00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/35ea298e-048f-4c7e-3b97-717282c36f00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/35ea298e-048f-4c7e-3b97-717282c36f00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/35ea298e-048f-4c7e-3b97-717282c36f00/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/35ea298e-048f-4c7e-3b97-717282c36f00/w=1620" alt="A global map shows the share of mothers aged 20–44 who have lost a child under five years old. The data is categorized into four ranges: less than 1% (light yellow), 1% to 5% (yellow), 5% to 10% (orange), 10% to 30% (dark orange), and more than 30% (red). Higher rates are concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia, while lower rates are seen in North America, Europe, and parts of East Asia. Data is sourced from Smith-Greenaway et al. (2021) and reflects single-year estimates between 2010 and 2018." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="mothers-lost-child-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 19</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">In some countries, more than one in three mothers have lost a child younger than five</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>There are few experiences, if any, that are more painful for a parent than losing a child.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In the past, child deaths were much more common than they are today. But even when these deaths were not unusual, historical diary entries </span><span><span>show us</span></span><span> that most parents still found them heartbreaking.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Unfortunately, in many countries today, a large share of parents still experience the loss of a child. The map here shows the share of mothers who lost a child before they reached the age of five.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In most of Europe and North America, this share is less than 1%. But in some of the world’s poorest countries — like Cameroon, Nigeria, and the Central African Republic — more than one in three mothers have experienced this tragedy.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>These figures come </span><span><span>from a research article</span></span><span> by Emily Smith-Greenaway and colleagues, based on reported or estimated data from 2010 to 2018 for mothers aged 20 to 44.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read my colleague Max Roser’s article for more historical context around this data</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fourth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b1a51929-5a19-40d6-5795-6770a75ca400/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b1a51929-5a19-40d6-5795-6770a75ca400/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b1a51929-5a19-40d6-5795-6770a75ca400/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b1a51929-5a19-40d6-5795-6770a75ca400/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b1a51929-5a19-40d6-5795-6770a75ca400/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b1a51929-5a19-40d6-5795-6770a75ca400/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/b1a51929-5a19-40d6-5795-6770a75ca400/w=1620" alt="The image presents a data visualization illustrating the number of animals killed for meat worldwide from 1961 to 2022. It is divided into four sections, each representing a different animal species: 1. **Chickens**: Shown in orange, the graph starts at zero in 1961 and rises sharply, reaching approximately 60 billion killed by 2022. 2. **Pigs**: Displayed in green, this chart shows a more gradual increase, starting from zero in 1961 and peaking at around 1 billion killed by 2022. 3. **Sheep and Goats**: Presented in blue, this line shows a steady rise from zero in 1961 to nearly 400 million by 2022, with a peak near 1 billion. 4. **Cows**: Illustrated in dark green, this graph shows a slow but consistent increase from zero to about 300 million killed by 2022. Each section has a label indicating the species and the number of animals on the vertical axis, while the horizontal axis marks the years from 1961 to 2022. The bottom of the image references the data source as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN from 2023, with a CC BY attribution." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="animals-killed-for-meat-per-year-worldwide-1961-to-2022-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 18</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">More land animals than ever before are slaughtered for meat</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Global livestock numbers — tracked by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization since 1961 — have surged, with particularly large increases in the number of chickens, pigs, sheep, goats, and cows.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>For many land animals, life is </span><span><span>short and painful</span></span><span>. Recent estimates indicate that globally, </span><span><span>most animals</span></span><span> are raised on factory farms. In the US, where better data and research are available, </span><span><span>99%</span></span><span> of livestock is factory-farmed.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore many more interactive charts and articles on animal welfare</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fifth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=1620" alt="A bar chart titled "Global sales of combustion engine cars have peaked," showing annual car sales from 2010 to 2023. The chart highlights that combustion engine car sales peaked in 2017/18 and have declined since, while electric car sales (in orange) have steadily risen. Total car sales hover around 70–80 million annually, with electric cars making a growing share of the market from 2018 onward. Data source: International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024. Note: Electric cars include fully battery-electric and plug-in hybrids." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="global-car-peak-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 17</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Global sales of combustion engine cars have peaked</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>To decarbonize road transport, the world must move away from petrol and diesel cars and towards electric vehicles and other forms of low-carbon transport.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This transition has already started. In fact, global sales of combustion engine cars are well past the peak and are now falling.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>As you can see in the chart, global sales peaked in 2018. This is calculated based on data from the </span><span><span>International Energy Agency</span></span><span>. Bloomberg New Energy Finance </span><span><span>estimates</span></span><span> this peak occurred one year earlier, in 2017.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Sales of electric cars, on the other hand, are growing quickly.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore more data on electric car sales across the world</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#sixth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=1620" alt="A data visualization titled "Nine Asian countries where child mortality has halved since 2000." The chart shows the estimated percentage of newborns dying before age five in nine countries: Afghanistan (13% in 2000 to 6% in 2022), Cambodia (11% to 2%), Laos (11% to 4%), Bangladesh (9% to 3%), Myanmar (9% to 4%), India (9% to 3%), Nepal (8% to 3%), Indonesia (5% to 2%), and China (4% to 1%). Each country is represented by a line graph showing a significant decline in child mortality over time. Data source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2024), CC BY." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="nine-asian-countries-where-child-mortality-has-dropped-by-over-50-since-2000.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 14</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">In these nine Asian countries, child mortality has more than halved since the year 2000</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Child mortality in Asia has fallen sharply. The chart shows nine countries that have reduced child mortality rates by more than half since 2000. This means millions more children surviving through the crucial early years of life.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In India, for example, child mortality fell from 9% to 3%. China saw a similar decrease from 4% to just 1%. </span><span><span>Key reasons</span></span><span> for these gains include improved nutrition, clean water, sanitation, </span><span><span>vaccinations</span></span><span>, and poverty reduction.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>However, even with these improvements, rates of 1–6% still reflect </span><span><span>hundreds of thousands</span></span><span> of young lives lost each year in these countries.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This is a story of remarkable progress — but one that’s not yet finished.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore child mortality data for more countries </span></span><span>→</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#seventh-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=1620" alt="An infographic titled "Most livestock in the United States are factory-farmed." It lists the percentages and numbers of animals raised in factory farms, defined by the EPA as operations with intensive feeding for over 45 days. Chickens: 99.96%, 9.2 billion; Turkeys: 99.8%, 260 million; Farmed fish: 100%, 530 million; Cows: 75%, 66 million; Egg-laying hens: 98.3%, 380 million; Pigs: 98.6%, 73 million. Data source: Sentience Institute (2024), with data from 2022." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="factory-farms-us-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 13</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Almost all livestock in the United States is factory-farmed</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>It’s difficult to quantify animal suffering in a single number, but one metric often used to measure living conditions is the number of animals raised on “factory farms”.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Factory farms are defined as “</span><span><span>concentrated animal feeding operations</span></span><span>” where many animals are held in an intensive feeding operation for more than 45 days.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>99% of livestock in the United States is factory-farmed. This latest estimate comes from the </span><span><span>Sentience Institute</span></span><span> and is based on definitions and data from the US Environment Protection Agency.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart shows the share of different forms of livestock that are factory-farmed. More than 98% of chickens, turkeys, hens, pigs, and farmed fish are factory-farmed. Cows are a bit less likely to be factory-farmed, but three-quarters still spend much of their lives in these conditions.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read more about factory farming, including estimates of how much livestock globally is factory-farmed</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="latest-data-insights__dots"></div></div><div class="data-insights-newsletter grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14"><div class="data-insights-newsletter__inner span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="data-insights-newsletter__left"><svg class="data-insights-newsletter__icon" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="24" cy="24" r="24" fill="#DBE5F0"></circle><rect x="11.2676" y="19.3955" width="25.4664" height="17.3389" rx="2.70925" fill="white"></rect><rect x="15.0605" y="11.8096" width="17.8807" height="13.0041" fill="white"></rect><path d="M11.268 21.107C11.2238 21.2788 11.2002 21.4564 11.2002 21.6383V34.1352C11.2002 34.6771 11.364 35.1768 11.6391 35.5977L20.1865 28.5774L11.2685 21.107H11.268Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M36.731 21.1088L27.8145 28.5774L36.3612 35.5972C36.6386 35.1758 36.8002 34.675 36.8002 34.1352V21.6383C36.8002 21.4575 36.7756 21.2798 36.7303 21.1087L36.731 21.1088Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M15.467 12.8C15.467 12.5061 15.7059 12.2667 16.0004 12.2667H32.0016C32.296 12.2667 32.5349 12.5061 32.5349 12.8V23.2089L36.2026 20.1367C36.098 20.0268 35.9881 19.9207 35.8618 19.8316L33.6018 18.0528V12.8001C33.6018 11.9179 32.8839 11.2 32.0017 11.2H16.0005C15.1183 11.2 14.4004 11.9179 14.4004 12.8001V18.0528L12.1656 19.8129C12.0301 19.9078 11.9122 20.0204 11.8008 20.1377L15.4673 23.2088L15.467 12.8Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M22.9858 27.6593L12.3945 36.358C12.8186 36.638 13.3247 36.8022 13.8678 36.8022H34.1359C34.6805 36.8022 35.1855 36.6358 35.6069 36.3563L25.018 27.6591C24.4292 27.1752 23.5747 27.1752 22.9864 27.6591L22.9858 27.6593Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M20.0727 15.9336C20.3605 15.9336 20.6145 16.1876 20.6145 16.4754V22.1643C20.6145 22.3167 20.733 22.4352 20.8853 22.4352H27.6578C27.9456 22.4352 28.1996 22.6892 28.1996 22.977C28.1996 23.2818 27.9456 23.5188 27.6578 23.5188H20.8853C20.1234 23.5188 19.5309 22.9262 19.5309 22.1643V16.4754C19.5309 16.1876 19.7679 15.9336 20.0727 15.9336ZM22.2398 19.1844C22.5277 19.1844 22.7816 19.4384 22.7816 19.7262V20.8098C22.7816 21.1146 22.5277 21.3516 22.2398 21.3516C21.9351 21.3516 21.698 21.1146 21.698 20.8098V19.7262C21.698 19.4384 21.9351 19.1844 22.2398 19.1844ZM24.407 18.1008V20.8098C24.407 21.1146 24.1531 21.3516 23.8652 21.3516C23.5605 21.3516 23.3234 21.1146 23.3234 20.8098V18.1008C23.3234 17.813 23.5605 17.559 23.8652 17.559C24.1531 17.559 24.407 17.813 24.407 18.1008ZM25.4906 18.6426C25.7784 18.6426 26.0324 18.8966 26.0324 19.1844V20.8098C26.0324 21.1146 25.7784 21.3516 25.4906 21.3516C25.1859 21.3516 24.9488 21.1146 24.9488 20.8098V19.1844C24.9488 18.8966 25.1859 18.6426 25.4906 18.6426ZM27.6578 17.0172V20.8098C27.6578 21.1146 27.4038 21.3516 27.116 21.3516C26.8112 21.3516 26.5742 21.1146 26.5742 20.8098V17.0172C26.5742 16.7294 26.8112 16.4754 27.116 16.4754C27.4038 16.4754 27.6578 16.7294 27.6578 17.0172Z" fill="#98A9BD"></path></svg><div class="data-insights-newsletter__left__text"><h3 class="data-insights-newsletter__heading h3-bold">Get Daily Data Insights delivered to your inbox</h3><p class="data-insights-newsletter__description body-3-medium">Receive an email from us when we publish a Daily Data Insight (every weekday).</p></div></div><div class="data-insights-newsletter__right"><form class="data-insights-newsletter__form" action="https://ourworldindata.us8.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=18058af086319ba6afad752ec&id=2e166c1fc1" method="post" target="_blank"><input type="email" class="text-input data-insights-newsletter__email-input sentry-mask" name="EMAIL" required="" size="1" placeholder="Your email address"/><input type="hidden" name="group[85302][16]" value=""/><button type="submit" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion" aria-label="Subscribe to the Daily Data Insights newsletter">Subscribe </button></form><p class="data-insights-newsletter__note note-1-medium">By subscribing you are agreeing to the terms of our <a href="/privacy-policy">privacy policy</a>.</p></div></div></div></section><section class="key-indicator-collection article-block__key-indicator-collection grid col-start-2 span-cols-12"><header class="key-indicator-collection__header span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12"><h2 class="h2-bold">Explore our data</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Featured data from our collection of 13,169 interactive charts.</p></header><a href="/data" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion key-indicator-collection__all-charts-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-9 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12">See all our data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="span-cols-12"><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--open"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_header" class="accordion-item__button" disabled="" aria-disabled="true" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Under-five mortality rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder</span></div></div></div></button></h3><div id="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_content" class="accordion-item__content" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_header"><div tabindex="0" aria-hidden="false"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Under-five mortality rate</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates combining data from un & gapminder</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of children die before their fifth birthday?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>What could be more tragic than the death of a young child? Child mortality, the death of children under the age of five, is still </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/much-better-awful-can-be-better" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>extremely common</span></a><span> in our world today.</span></p><p class=""><span>The historical data makes clear that it doesn’t have to be this way: it </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-big-problem-in-brief" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>is possible</span></a><span> for societies to protect their children and reduce child mortality to very low rates. For child mortality to reach low levels, many things have to go right at the same time: </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/financing-healthcare" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>good healthcare</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>good nutrition</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/clean-water-sanitation" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>clean water and sanitation</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-mortality" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>maternal health</span></a><span>, and high </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>living standards</span></a><span>. We can, therefore, think of </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>child mortality</span></a><span> as a proxy indicator of a country’s living conditions.</span></p><p class=""><span>The chart shows our long-run data on child mortality, which allows you to see how child mortality has changed in countries around the world.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span> <span class="indicator-source">World bank</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>The UN sets the “International Poverty Line” as a worldwide comparable definition for extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.</span></p><p class=""><span>Two centuries ago, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty-in-brief" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>the majority</span></a><span> of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>makes it possible</span></a><span> for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Life expectancy at birth</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Life expectancy at birth</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Life expectancy at birth</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in data</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.</span></p><p class=""><span>Big improvements were achieved by countries </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>around the world</span></a><span>. The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>at all ages</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>COVID-19 pandemic</span></a><span> led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates from the global carbon budget</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>The main source of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>greenhouse gas</span></a><span> causing </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change" class="span-link"><span>climate change</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>Globally, CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.</span></p><p class=""><span>The source for this CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita" class="span-link"><span>Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer</span></a><span>.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">GDP per capita</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">GDP per capita</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">GDP per capita</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates from the maddison project database</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>average income</span></a><span>. This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.</span></p><p class=""><span>The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>were poor</span></a><span> in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>economic growth</span></a><span> that made it possible </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>to leave</span></a><span> the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of people that are undernourished</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">FAO</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of people that are undernourished</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">FAO</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of people that are undernourished</span> <span class="indicator-source">Fao</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of the population is suffering from hunger?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Hunger</span></a><span> has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/famines" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>famines</span></a><span> were common around the world.</span></p><p class=""><span>The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.</span></p><p class=""><span>The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Literacy rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Literacy rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Literacy rate</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in data</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">When has literacy become a widespread skill?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.</span></p><p class=""><span>The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/better-learning" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>it remains</span></a><span> an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.</span></p><p class=""><span>At Our World in Data, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-is-literacy-measured" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>we investigated</span></a><span> the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span> <span class="indicator-source">World bank</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/light-at-night" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Light at night</span></a><span> makes it possible to get together after sunset; </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people" class="span-link"><span>mobile phones</span></a><span> allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states" class="span-link"><span>household appliances</span></a><span> free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.</span></p><p class=""><span>The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the </span><em><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/definition-electricity-access" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>most basic</span></a></em><span> electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.</span></p><p class=""><span>It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" 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64C0 46.3 14.3 32 32 32c229.8 0 416 186.2 416 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32C384 253.6 226.4 96 32 96C14.3 96 0 81.7 0 64zM0 416a64 64 0 1 1 128 0A64 64 0 1 1 0 416zM32 160c159.1 0 288 128.9 288 288c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32c0-123.7-100.3-224-224-224c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32z"></path></svg></span><span class="label">Research & Writing</span></a></li><li><a href="/atom-data-insights.xml" class="list-item" title="Daily Data Insights" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-track-note="homepage_follow_us"><span class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="rss" class="svg-inline--fa fa-rss " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 64C0 46.3 14.3 32 32 32c229.8 0 416 186.2 416 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32C384 253.6 226.4 96 32 96C14.3 96 0 81.7 0 64zM0 416a64 64 0 1 1 128 0A64 64 0 1 1 0 416zM32 160c159.1 0 288 128.9 288 288c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 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class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/life-expectancy">Life Expectancy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fertility-rate">Fertility Rate</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-mortality">Child & Infant Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Geography of the World Population:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/urbanization">Urbanization</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/migration">Migration</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Health</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Life & Death:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/health-meta">Global Health</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/causes-of-death">Causes of Death</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-mortality">Child & Infant Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/burden-of-disease">Burden of Disease</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/life-expectancy">Life Expectancy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/mental-health">Mental Health</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/suicide">Suicides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/cardiovascular-diseases">Cardiovascular Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/cancer">Cancer</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/maternal-mortality">Maternal Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Health Risks:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/air-pollution">Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/outdoor-air-pollution">Outdoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lead-pollution">Lead Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/alcohol-consumption">Alcohol Consumption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/illicit-drug-use">Illicit Drug Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/obesity">Obesity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/smoking">Smoking</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Infectious Diseases:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pandemics">Pandemics</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/coronavirus">COVID-19</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/malaria">Malaria</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/hiv-aids">HIV/AIDS</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/diarrheal-diseases">Diarrheal Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/polio">Polio</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/neglected-tropical-diseases">Neglected Tropical Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/influenza">Influenza</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tetanus">Tetanus</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/mpox">Mpox (monkeypox)</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/smallpox">Smallpox</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Health Institutions & Interventions:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/eradication-of-diseases">Eradication of Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/vaccination">Vaccination</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/antibiotics">Antibiotics & Antibiotic Resistance</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-healthcare">Healthcare Spending</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Energy and Environment</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Climate & Air:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/climate-change">Climate Change</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions">CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/air-pollution">Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/outdoor-air-pollution">Outdoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/ozone-layer">Ozone Layer</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Energy Systems:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy">Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-access">Access to Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-mix">Energy Mix</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fossil-fuels">Fossil Fuels</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/nuclear-energy">Nuclear Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/renewable-energy">Renewable Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/metals-minerals">Metals & Minerals</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Environment & Ecosystems:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/natural-disasters">Natural Disasters</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/environmental-impacts-of-food">Environmental Impacts of Food Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fish-and-overfishing">Fish & Overfishing</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/animal-welfare">Animal Welfare</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/land-use">Land Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/water-use-stress">Water Use & Stress</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/forests-and-deforestation">Forests & Deforestation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/wildfires">Wildfires</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Waste & Pollution:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/plastic-pollution">Plastic Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/oil-spills">Oil Spills</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lead-pollution">Lead Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/waste-management">Waste Management</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Electricity:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/electricity-mix">Electricity Mix</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Food and Agriculture</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Food Production:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/agricultural-production">Agricultural Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/meat-production">Meat & Dairy Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fish-and-overfishing">Fish & Overfishing</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/crop-yields">Crop Yields</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/animal-welfare">Animal Welfare</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/environmental-impacts-of-food">Environmental Impacts of Food Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/farm-size">Farm Size</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Agricultural Inputs:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/land-use">Land Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fertilizers">Fertilizers</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pesticides">Pesticides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/employment-in-agriculture">Employment in Agriculture</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Nutrition:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/hunger-and-undernourishment">Hunger & Undernourishment</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/food-supply">Food Supply</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/food-prices">Food Prices</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/obesity">Obesity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/famines">Famines</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/diet-compositions">Diet Compositions</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/micronutrient-deficiency">Micronutrient Deficiency</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-height">Human Height</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Poverty and Economic Development</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Poverty & Prosperity:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/poverty">Poverty</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-growth">Economic Growth</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality">Economic Inequality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/foreign-aid">Foreign Aid</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality-by-gender">Economic Inequality by Gender</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Public Sector:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/government-spending">Government Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/taxation">Taxation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/corruption">Corruption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-healthcare">Healthcare Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-education">Education Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/military-personnel-spending">Military Personnel & Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Labor:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/female-labor-supply">Women's Employment</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-labor">Child Labor</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/working-hours">Working Hours</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Global Connections:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/trade-and-globalization">Trade & Globalization</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/migration">Migration</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tourism">Tourism</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Education and Knowledge</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Education:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/global-education">Global Education</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/literacy">Literacy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-education">Education Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Knowledge:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/research-and-development">Research & Development</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/internet">Internet</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/books">Books</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Innovation and Technological Change</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/technological-change">Technological Change</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/research-and-development">Research & Development</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/internet">Internet</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/space-exploration-satellites">Space Exploration & Satellites</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/transport">Transport</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Living Conditions, Community and Wellbeing</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Housing & Infrastructure:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/homelessness">Homelessness</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-access">Access to Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water & Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/light-at-night">Light at Night</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/time-use">Time Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/working-hours">Working Hours</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Relationships:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/marriages-and-divorces">Marriages & Divorces</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/social-connections-and-loneliness">Loneliness & Social Connections</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/trust">Trust</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Happiness & Wellbeing:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/happiness-and-life-satisfaction">Happiness & Life Satisfaction</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-development-index">Human Development Index (HDI)</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Human Rights and Democracy</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-rights">Human Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/democracy">Democracy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/women-rights">Women's Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lgbt-rights">LGBT+ Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/corruption">Corruption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality-by-gender">Economic Inequality by Gender</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-labor">Child Labor</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/violence-against-rights-for-children">Violence Against Children & Children's Rights</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Violence and War</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/war-and-peace">War & Peace</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/nuclear-weapons">Nuclear Weapons</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/homicides">Homicides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/terrorism">Terrorism</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/military-personnel-spending">Military Personnel & Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/violence-against-rights-for-children">Violence Against Children & Children's Rights</a></li></ul></section></section></div></div><section class="donate-footer grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><div class="donate-footer-inner span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div><h4>Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.</h4><p>Help us do this work by making a donation.</p></div><a href="/donate" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion body-2-semibold donate-button" data-track-note="donate_footer">Donate now </a></div></section><footer class="site-footer grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><div class="footer-left span-cols-5 span-sm-cols-12 col-start-2 col-sm-start-2"><p class="body-3-medium">Our World in Data is a project of <a href="https://global-change-data-lab.org/">Global Change Data Lab</a>, a nonprofit based in the UK (Reg. 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