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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Richet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 62 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%87" title="شارل ريشه – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شارل ريشه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87" title="شارل ریشه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شارل ریشه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87" title="শার্ল রিশে – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শার্ল রিশে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Шарль Рышэ – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шарль Рышэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Шарл Рише – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шарл Рише" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB_%CE%A1%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AD" title="Σαρλ Ρισέ – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαρλ Ρισέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Robert Richet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87" title="شارل ریشه – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شارل ریشه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Charles Robert Richet" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EB%A5%BC_%EB%A6%AC%EC%85%B0" title="샤를 리셰 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤를 리셰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Charles Robert Richet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charles Robert Richet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94" title="שארל רישה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שארל רישה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94" title="შარლ რიშე – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შარლ რიშე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Шарль Рише – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шарль Рише" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Richet" title="Carolus Richet – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Richet" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94" title="შარლ რიშე – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შარლ რიშე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%87" title="شارل ريشه – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شارل ريشه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87" title="شارل ریشه – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شارل ریشه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7" title="シャルル・ロベール・リシェ – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャルル・ロベール・リシェ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F" title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਰਿਚੇਟ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਰਿਚੇਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%B9" title="چارلز رچٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارلز رچٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charles Robert Richet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5,_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Рише, Шарль – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рише, Шарль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Charles Robert Richet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5%D8%B2_%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%86" title="چارڵز ڕاچن – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چارڵز ڕاچن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Шарл Робер Рише – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шарл Робер Рише" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Шарль Рише – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шарль Рише" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="చార్లెస్ రిచెట్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చార్లెస్ రిచెట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Charles Robert Richet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Шарль Робер Ріше – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шарль Робер Ріше" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%B9" title="چارلس رچٹ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چارلس رچٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Charles Robert Richet" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%AD%87" title="夏尔·罗贝尔·里歇 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="夏尔·罗贝尔·里歇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Charles Richet" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%AD%87" title="夏尔·罗贝尔·里歇 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="夏尔·罗贝尔·里歇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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#ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Charles Robert Richet <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobelmedalj.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin 1913"><img alt="Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin 1913" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/20px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/30px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/40px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Charles_Robert_Richet_nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Charles_Robert_Richet_nobel.jpg/247px-Charles_Robert_Richet_nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Charles_Robert_Richet_nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> <div style="">Charles Richet, 1913.</div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><span title="engelska">Charles Robert Richet</span><br /><a href="/wiki/26_augusti" title="26 augusti">26 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a><sup id="cite_ref-0b94d8fc4e2fd6d6bf60496bff11db43517227ee_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0b94d8fc4e2fd6d6bf60496bff11db43517227ee-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ac1cbbba096fe397b7ae0711e77538a2e88ba562_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac1cbbba096fe397b7ae0711e77538a2e88ba562-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8d619b575b51c5a9efb0a3f955ff29790a028263_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8d619b575b51c5a9efb0a3f955ff29790a028263-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a><sup id="cite_ref-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39a6d97a5fe99f785390bac249b828de16180edf_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39a6d97a5fe99f785390bac249b828de16180edf-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/4_december" title="4 december">4 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a><sup id="cite_ref-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ac1cbbba096fe397b7ae0711e77538a2e88ba562_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac1cbbba096fe397b7ae0711e77538a2e88ba562-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13dc7a92132132426fb66e17b943106bb6e652d3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13dc7a92132132426fb66e17b943106bb6e652d3-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (85 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a><sup id="cite_ref-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39a6d97a5fe99f785390bac249b828de16180edf_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39a6d97a5fe99f785390bac249b828de16180edf-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Andra namn</th><td class="smeknamn" style="">Charles Epheyre<sup id="cite_ref-21730d7518a592ab72ac86ce314a0aab2b2093ba_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21730d7518a592ab72ac86ce314a0aab2b2093ba-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Paris_universitet" title="Paris universitet">Universitetet i Paris</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214851?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4kare" title="Läkare">Läkare</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rfattare_(yrke)" class="mw-redirect" title="Författare (yrke)">författare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immunolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunolog">immunolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forskare" title="Forskare">forskare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fysiolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Fysiolog">fysiolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psykolog" title="Psykolog">psykolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esperantist" title="Esperantist">esperantist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dramatiker" title="Dramatiker">dramatiker</a><sup id="cite_ref-1b74b0295f31a2c5c891390c3e9cd50b12889222_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1b74b0295f31a2c5c891390c3e9cd50b12889222-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Befattning</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/President_(politiskt_%C3%A4mbete)" title="President (politiskt ämbete)">President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franska_vetenskapsakademin" title="Franska vetenskapsakademin">Franska vetenskapsakademin</a><small> (1933–1933)</small><sup id="cite_ref-d5140778942a224f7b0ef23ecd089c09336ead09_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d5140778942a224f7b0ef23ecd089c09336ead09-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Barn</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Richet_(Q18197802)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Richet (Q18197802) [inte skriven än]">Charles Richet</a> <small>(f. 1882)</small></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Föräldrar</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Louis-Dominique_Richet" title="Alfred-Louis-Dominique Richet">Alfred-Louis-Dominique Richet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin</a><small> (1913)</small><sup id="cite_ref-8520293e8b2dd62c7c02597a751d20e9f493ea1d_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8520293e8b2dd62c7c02597a751d20e9f493ea1d-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1e76154f9c322d78b3d839185310f48c48adb820_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1e76154f9c322d78b3d839185310f48c48adb820-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poesipriset_fr%C3%A5n_Franska_akademien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poesipriset från Franska akademien [inte skriven än]">Poesipriset från Franska akademien</a><small> (1915)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Charles_Richet" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Charles Richet">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Robert Richet</b>, född <a href="/wiki/26_augusti" title="26 augusti">26 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a> i <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, död där <a href="/wiki/4_december" title="4 december">4 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">fransk</a> <a href="/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi">fysiolog</a>. År <a href="/wiki/Vetenskaps%C3%A5ret_1913" title="Vetenskapsåret 1913">1913</a> erhöll han <a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin</a>. Han var son till <a href="/wiki/Alfred-Louis-Dominique_Richet" title="Alfred-Louis-Dominique Richet">Alfred-Louis-Dominique Richet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Richet&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Richet&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richet blev 1878 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agr%C3%A9g%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrégé [inte skriven än]">agrégé</a> och 1887 <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> i fysiologi vid medicinska fakulteten i Paris. I sina undersökningar om <a href="/wiki/Magsaft" title="Magsaft">magsaften</a> (1878) visade han att denna vätska avsöndras på reflexväg; denna iakttagelse bildade utgångspunkten för <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlovs</a> forskning på detta område. Han utförde vidare en lång serie försök rörande kroppens värmereglering (1883–93). Richet gjorde anmärkningsvärda rön rörande den inverkan mycket små mängder metallsalter utövar på <a href="/wiki/Mj%C3%B6lksyra" title="Mjölksyra">mjölksyrejäsningen</a> (1881–1911). Han var den förste, som gjorde försök rörande <a href="/wiki/Serum" title="Serum">serumbehandling</a>, då han 1888 tillsammans med Héricourt visade, att om blod från ett djur, som smittats med en viss <a href="/wiki/Bakterie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakterie">bakterie</a>, injiceras på ett friskt djur, görs detta oemottagligt för sjukdomen. </p><p>Mest känd blev Richet genom sin upptäckt av <a href="/wiki/Anafylaxi" title="Anafylaxi">anafylaxin</a>, det vill säga egenskapen hos vissa gifter, att de vid upprepad användning på en och samma individ tolereras mindre lätt, det vill säga att en dos som vid första användning är fullkomligt oskadlig, efter två till tre veckor på nytt tillförs kroppen framkallar döden. För denna upptäckt, från 1902, erhöll han 1913 <a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin</a>. </p><p>Richet intresserade sig redan tidigt även för flygkonsten. Utgående från principen tyngre än luften, lät han 1890 tillsammans med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Tatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Tatin [inte skriven än]">Victor Tatin</a> det första <a href="/wiki/Aeroplan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroplan">aeroplanet</a> stiga i luften. Han studerade experimentellt <a href="/wiki/Hypnotism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypnotism">hypnotism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telepati" title="Telepati">telepati</a> och <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A4rrsyn" title="Fjärrsyn">fjärrsyn</a> samt behandlade i särskilda skrifter bland annat <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofiska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologiska</a> frågor. </p><p>Som vitter författare gjorde han sig känd genom <a href="/wiki/Dikt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dikt">dikter</a> och flera <a href="/wiki/Roman" title="Roman">romaner</a>, utgivna under <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonymen</a> "Charles Epheyre", däribland <i>La douleur des autres</i>. Av hans hand föreligger också en <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operatext</a>, <i>Sœur Martha</i>. Slutligen ägnade sig han även åt <a href="/wiki/Fredsr%C3%B6relsen" title="Fredsrörelsen">fredsrörelsen</a> och skrev i fredsfrågan flera större och mindre avhandlingar. Till svenska har översatts "Kärleken" (1891), "Om hundra år" (1893), "Förtjäna de s.k. spiritistiska fenomenen en vetenskaplig undersökning?" (1905), "Den europeiska anarkien och den internationella rättvisan" (1914) och "Kriget – det förgångna, freden – framtiden" (1914). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Richet&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Richet&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfcc/0110.html">Richet, Charles Robert</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1916)</li></ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-0b94d8fc4e2fd6d6bf60496bff11db43517227ee-1"><a href="#cite_ref-0b94d8fc4e2fd6d6bf60496bff11db43517227ee_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>www.armb.be</i>, ARMB medlems-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armb.be/index.php?id=1011">1011</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ac1cbbba096fe397b7ae0711e77538a2e88ba562-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ac1cbbba096fe397b7ae0711e77538a2e88ba562_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ac1cbbba096fe397b7ae0711e77538a2e88ba562_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="latin">Encyclopædia Britannica</span></i>, Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Richet">biography/Charles-Richet</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Britannica-Online">topic/Britannica-Online</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8d619b575b51c5a9efb0a3f955ff29790a028263-3"><a href="#cite_ref-8d619b575b51c5a9efb0a3f955ff29790a028263_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Internet Speculative Fiction Database</i>, ISFDB författar-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?153206">153206</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-d0592c49bbf5113f97a0a7f6ade7ea96b3990404_4-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_M._Prochorov" title="Aleksandr M. Prochorov">Aleksandr M. Prochorov</a> (red.), ”Рише Шарль”, <i><span title="ryska">Большая советская энциклопедия</span> : <span title="ryska">[в 30 т.]</span></i>, tredje utgåvan, Stora ryska encyklopedin, 1969, läst: 28 september 2015.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39a6d97a5fe99f785390bac249b828de16180edf-5">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-39a6d97a5fe99f785390bac249b828de16180edf_5-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-39a6d97a5fe99f785390bac249b828de16180edf_5-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>www.accademiadellescienze.it</i>, Accademia delle Scienze di Torino-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accademiadellescienze.it/accademia/soci/robert-charles-richet">robert-charles-richet</a>, läst: 1 december 2020.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13dc7a92132132426fb66e17b943106bb6e652d3-6"><a href="#cite_ref-13dc7a92132132426fb66e17b943106bb6e652d3_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who Named It?</i>, Whonamedit?-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/410.html">410</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21730d7518a592ab72ac86ce314a0aab2b2093ba-7"><a href="#cite_ref-21730d7518a592ab72ac86ce314a0aab2b2093ba_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tjeckiska nationalbibliotekets databas</i>, NKC-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000079172">nlk20000079172</a>, läst: 30 augusti 2020.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1b74b0295f31a2c5c891390c3e9cd50b12889222-8"><a href="#cite_ref-1b74b0295f31a2c5c891390c3e9cd50b12889222_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tjeckiska nationalbibliotekets databas</i>, NKC-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk20241243259">mzk20241243259</a>, läst: 18 november 2024.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d5140778942a224f7b0ef23ecd089c09336ead09-9"><a href="#cite_ref-d5140778942a224f7b0ef23ecd089c09336ead09_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Franska_vetenskapsakademin" title="Franska vetenskapsakademin">Franska vetenskapsakademin</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academie-sciences.fr/archivage_site/academie/membre/">läs online</a>, läst: 30 maj 2022.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8520293e8b2dd62c7c02597a751d20e9f493ea1d-10"><a href="#cite_ref-8520293e8b2dd62c7c02597a751d20e9f493ea1d_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1913/summary/"><span title="engelska">The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913</span></a>, Nobelprize.org</i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1913/summary/">läs online</a>, läst: 10 januari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1e76154f9c322d78b3d839185310f48c48adb820-11"><a href="#cite_ref-1e76154f9c322d78b3d839185310f48c48adb820_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf"><span title="engelska">Table showing prize amounts</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, april 2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf">läs online</a>, läst: 10 januari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Richet&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Richet&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1913/summary/">Nobelprize.org, Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin 1913</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1913/richet/biographical/">Nobelprize.org, Charles Richet - biografi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfcc/0110.html">Richet, Charles Robert</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1916)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#FFE974;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Mall:Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1901–1925</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Emil_von_Behring" title="Emil von Behring">von Behring</a> (1901)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> (1902)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Ryberg Finsen</a> (1903)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> (1904)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> (1905)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Cajal</a> (1906)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> (1907)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Metjnikov" title="Ilja Metjnikov">Metjnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> (1908)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Kocher" title="Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> (1909)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> (1910)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> (1911)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> (1912)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richet</a> (1913)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> (1914)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inga priser utdelades 1915–1918.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> (1919)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> (1920)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1921.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Archibald_V._Hill" title="Archibald V. Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Meyerhof" title="Otto Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> (1922)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Banting" title="Frederick G. Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a> (1923)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> (1924)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1925.</i></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/90px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/120px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1926–1950</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a> (1926)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> (1928)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a> (1929)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> (1930)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Warburg_(medicinare)" title="Otto Warburg (medicinare)">Warburg</a> (1931)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian">Adrian</a> (1932)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Morgan" title="Thomas H. Morgan">Morgan</a> (1933)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Whipple" title="George H. Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_R._Minot" title="George R. Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" title="William P. Murphy">Murphy</a> (1934)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> (1935)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dale" title="Henry Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> (1936)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a> (1938)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> (1939)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inga priser utdelades 1940–1942.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Doisy" title="Edward A. Doisy">Doisy</a> (1943)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gasser" title="Herbert S. Gasser">Gasser</a> (1944)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Florey</a> (1945)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> (1946)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Cori" title="Carl Cori">C. Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Alberto_Houssay" title="Bernardo Alberto Houssay">Houssay</a> (1947)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> (1948)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hess" title="Walter Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egas_Moniz" title="Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> (1949)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Kendall" title="Edward C. Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_S._Hench" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip S. Hench">Hench</a> (1950)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1951–1975</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> (1951)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Selman_A._Waksman" title="Selman A. Waksman">Waksman</a> (1952)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(biokemist)" title="Hans Krebs (biokemist)">Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lipmann" title="Fritz Lipmann">Lipmann</a> (1953)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Enders" title="John F. Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Weller" title="Thomas H. Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Robbins" title="Frederick C. Robbins">Robbins</a> (1954)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> (1955)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_F._Cournand" title="André F. Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> (1956)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> (1957)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> (1958)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> (1959)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> (1960)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">von Békésy</a> (1961)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> (1962)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_L._Hodgkin" title="Alan L. Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Huxley</a> (1963)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a> (1964)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff" title="André Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod_(biolog)" title="Jacques Monod (biolog)">Monod</a> (1965)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peyton_Rous" title="Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Huggins" title="Charles B. Huggins">Huggins</a> (1966)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> (1967)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Nirenberg" title="Marshall W. Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> (1968)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck_(biofysiker)" title="Max Delbrück (biofysiker)">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_D._Hershey" title="Alfred D. Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_E._Luria" title="Salvador E. Luria">Luria</a> (1969)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">von Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> (1970)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Sutherland" title="Earl W. Sutherland">Sutherland</a> (1971)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_M._Edelman" title="Gerald M. Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_R._Porter" title="Rodney R. Porter">Porter</a> (1972)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">von Frish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> (1973)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">de Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_E._Palade" title="George E. Palade">Palade</a> (1974)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_M._Temin" title="Howard M. Temin">Temin</a> (1975)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1976–2000</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Baruch_S._Blumberg" title="Baruch S. Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._Carleton_Gajdusek" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> (1976)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_V._Schally" title="Andrew V. Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a> (1977)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Smith</a> (1978)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allan_M._Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan M. Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_N._Hounsfield" title="Godfrey N. Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> (1979)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_D._Snell" title="George D. Snell">Snell</a> (1980)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" title="Roger W. Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Wiesel</a> (1981)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Vane" title="John R. Vane">Vane</a> (1982)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> (1983)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_K._Jerne" title="Niels K. Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> (1984)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a> (1985)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a> (1986)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> (1987)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" class="mw-redirect" title="James W. Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> (1988)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> (1989)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Murray" title="Joseph E. Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> (1990)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> (1991)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a> (1992)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Sharp</a> (1993)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> (1994)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> (1995)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> (1996)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> (1997)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Ignarro" title="Louis J. Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> (1998)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> (1999)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_R._Kandel" title="Eric R. Kandel">Kandel</a> (2000)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">Från 2001</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> (2001)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Sulston" title="John E. Sulston">Sulston</a> (2002)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Lauterbur" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (2003)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> (2004)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> (2005)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig C. Mello">Mello</a> (2006)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a> (2007)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> (2008)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> (2009)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a> (2010)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> (2011)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> (2012)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> (2013)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M-B. Moser</a> (2014)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu</a> (2015)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Ohsumi</a> (2016)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> (2017)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> (2018)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_G._Kaelin_Jr." title="William G. Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> (2019)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> (2020)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> (2021)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> (2022)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> (2023)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> (2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" 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