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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ممر رونسفال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ممر رونسفال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_de_Roncesvals" title="Puerto de Roncesvals – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Puerto de Roncesvals" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta" title="Puerto de Ibañeta – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Puerto de Ibañeta" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwlch_Ronsyfal" title="Bwlch Ronsyfal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwlch Ronsyfal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roncesvallespasset" title="Roncesvallespasset – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Roncesvallespasset" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta" title="Puerto de Ibañeta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Puerto de Ibañeta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta" title="Puerto de Ibañeta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puerto de Ibañeta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iba%C3%B1eta" title="Ibañeta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ibañeta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col_de_Roncevaux" title="Col de Roncevaux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Col de Roncevaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prijevoj_Roncesvalles" title="Prijevoj Roncesvalles – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prijevoj Roncesvalles" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passo_di_Roncisvalle" title="Passo di Roncisvalle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Passo di Roncisvalle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta" title="Puerto de Ibañeta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Puerto de Ibañeta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A7%E3%82%BF%E5%B3%A0" title="イバニェタ峠 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イバニェタ峠" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roncevaux" title="Roncevaux – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roncevaux" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roncevaux" title="Roncevaux – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roncevaux" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passo_de_Roncesvales" title="Passo de Roncesvales – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Passo de Roncesvales" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasul_Roncevaux" title="Pasul Roncevaux – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pasul Roncevaux" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Ронсевальское ущелье – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ронсевальское ущелье" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta" title="Puerto de Ibañeta – Swedish" lang="sv" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Roncevaux_Pass&params=43_01_13_N_1_19_26_W_type:pass_region:ES_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°01′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°19′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.02028°N 1.32389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.02028; -1.32389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mountain pass in the Spanish Pyrenees</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Roncesvalles Pass</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Ronceval Pass<br />Roncevaux Pass<br /><span title="Basque-language text"><i lang="eu">Ibañetako Mendatea</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta_(Navarra).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta_%28Navarra%29.jpg/330px-Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta_%28Navarra%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta_%28Navarra%29.jpg/500px-Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta_%28Navarra%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta_%28Navarra%29.jpg/960px-Puerto_de_Iba%C3%B1eta_%28Navarra%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Summit (topography)">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,057 m (3,468 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Traversed by</th><td class="infobox-data">N135 road, <a href="/wiki/Camino_Franc%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Camino Francés">Camino Francés</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Range</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Roncevaux_Pass&params=43_01_13_N_1_19_26_W_type:pass_region:ES_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°01′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°19′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.02028°N 1.32389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.02028; -1.32389</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Spanien_mit_Kanaren.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Roncesvalles Pass is located in Spain"><img alt="Roncesvalles Pass is located in Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Reliefkarte_Spanien_mit_Kanaren.png/272px-Reliefkarte_Spanien_mit_Kanaren.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Reliefkarte_Spanien_mit_Kanaren.png/408px-Reliefkarte_Spanien_mit_Kanaren.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Reliefkarte_Spanien_mit_Kanaren.png/544px-Reliefkarte_Spanien_mit_Kanaren.png 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="3368" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.224%;left:58.341%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Roncesvalles Pass"><img alt="Roncesvalles Pass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Roncesvalles Pass</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Roncesvalles Pass</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roncesvalles Pass</b>, <b>Ronceval Pass</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Roncevaux Pass</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Puerto de Ibañeta</i>; <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: <i lang="eu">Ibañetako Mendatea</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Col de Roncevaux</i>; elevation 1057 m) is a high <a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">mountain pass</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> near the border between <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. The pass itself is entirely in Spain. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roncevaux_Pass&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pass is located between the towns of <a href="/wiki/Roncesvalles" title="Roncesvalles">Roncesvalles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luzaide/Valcarlos" title="Luzaide/Valcarlos">Luzaide/Valcarlos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Navarra">Navarra</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. The closest town in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> is <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port" title="Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port">Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port</a>, at a distance of about 8 km (5.0 mi) from the Spanish border. It has customarily been an important point on the <a href="/wiki/Way_of_St_James" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of St James">Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage</a> route. </p><p>The route over the pass departs from <a href="/wiki/Lintzoain" title="Lintzoain">Lintzoain</a> on the Spanish side and from Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port on the French side. </p><p>The pass divides the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Nive" title="Nive">Nive</a> on the north from the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Irati_(river)" title="Irati (river)">Irati</a> on the south. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roncevaux_Pass&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Roncesvalles_(778)"><span id="Battle_of_Roncesvalles_.28778.29"></span>Battle of Roncesvalles (778)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roncevaux_Pass&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle of Roncesvalles (778)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass" title="Battle of Roncevaux Pass">Battle of Roncevaux Pass</a></div> <p>In 778, <a href="/wiki/Roland" title="Roland">Roland</a>, the warden of the <a href="/wiki/Breton_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton March">Breton March</a>, had accompanied Charlemagne on his <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne#Roncesvalles_campaign" title="Charlemagne">campaign into the Iberian peninsula</a> across the Western Pyrenees. <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a>, the biographer of Charlemagne, mentions in his <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Karoli_Magni" title="Vita Karoli Magni">Vita Karoli Magni</a></i> a fatal event involving <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Vasconia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Vasconia">Vasconian</a> raiders who laid an ambush by hiding in the woods on top of a high mountain while Frankish troops were crossing the mountain pass. Subsequently, the raiders attacked the rear guards of the Frankish army on their way down into the valley.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Einhard, Eggihard, the King's steward; Anselm ("Anshelmus"), Count Palatine; and Roland ("Hruodlandus"), Governor of the March of Brittany, with very many others, lost their lives during that ambush.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to tradition, Roncesvalles is the site where this event took place in 778, and hence today the battle is called <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncesvalles" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Roncesvalles">Battle of Roncesvalles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a stone monument near the pass commemorating the area where it is traditionally held that Roland died. </p><p>Nonetheless, the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Valcarlos" class="mw-redirect" title="Valcarlos">Valcarlos</a> continue to claim that Valcarlos is the historic site where the battle of 778 took place because Charlemagne's troops were on their way back into the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish realm">Frankish realm</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Roncesvalles_(824)"><span id="Battle_of_Roncesvalles_.28824.29"></span>Battle of Roncesvalles (824)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roncevaux_Pass&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle of Roncesvalles (824)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass_(824)" title="Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824)">Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824)</a></div> <p>The battle in 824, sometimes called the Second Battle of Roncevaux Pass, was a battle in which a combined <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Basque_people#Early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Basque people">Basque</a>-<a href="/wiki/Banu_Qasi" title="Banu Qasi">Qasawi</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Muslim</a> army defeated a <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> military expedition in 824. The battle took place only 46 years after the first <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncevaux_Pass_(778)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Roncevaux Pass (778)">Battle of Roncevaux Pass (778)</a> in a confrontation showing similar features: a Basque force engaging from the mountains a northbound expedition led by the <a href="/wiki/Francia#Carolingian_empire,_751–840" title="Francia">Franks</a>, and the same geographical setting (the Roncevaux Pass or a spot nearby). </p><p>The battle resulted in the defeat of the Carolingian military expedition and the capture of its commanders Aeblus and <a href="/wiki/Aznar_S%C3%A1nchez" class="mw-redirect" title="Aznar Sánchez">Aznar Sánchez</a> in 824. The clash was to have further reaching consequences than those of the 778 engagement: the immediate establishment of the independent <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pamplona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Pamplona">Kingdom of Pamplona</a>, a landmark in <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque</a> history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Roncesvalles_(1813)"><span id="Battle_of_Roncesvalles_.281813.29"></span>Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roncevaux_Pass&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncesvalles_(1813)" title="Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)">Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)</a></div> <p>On 25 July 1813, a battle between French Napoleonic troops and Anglo-Portuguese forces took place at the Roncesvalles Pass<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a> (1808–1814). This <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roncesvalles_(1813)" title="Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)">Battle of Roncesvalles</a> ended in an Anglo-Portuguese defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roncevaux_Pass&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OrreagaHDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument at the Roncesvalles Pass"><img alt="Monument at the Roncesvalles Pass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/OrreagaHDR.jpg/120px-OrreagaHDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/OrreagaHDR.jpg/250px-OrreagaHDR.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4607" data-file-height="3071" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument at the Roncesvalles Pass</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iba%C3%B1eta._Orreaga,_Euskal_Herria.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pass of Roncesvalles or Ibañeta mountain pass."><img alt="Pass of Roncesvalles or Ibañeta mountain pass." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Iba%C3%B1eta._Orreaga%2C_Euskal_Herria.JPG/120px-Iba%C3%B1eta._Orreaga%2C_Euskal_Herria.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Iba%C3%B1eta._Orreaga%2C_Euskal_Herria.JPG/250px-Iba%C3%B1eta._Orreaga%2C_Euskal_Herria.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pass of Roncesvalles or Ibañeta mountain pass.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roncesvalles-crosses.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Votive crosses at the pass."><img alt="Votive crosses at the pass." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Roncesvalles-crosses.JPG/120px-Roncesvalles-crosses.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Roncesvalles-crosses.JPG/180px-Roncesvalles-crosses.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Roncesvalles-crosses.JPG/240px-Roncesvalles-crosses.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="908" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Votive crosses at the pass.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chapel-Roncesvalles.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The chapel at the Pass of Roncesvalles"><img alt="The chapel at the Pass of Roncesvalles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Chapel-Roncesvalles.JPG/120px-Chapel-Roncesvalles.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Chapel-Roncesvalles.JPG/250px-Chapel-Roncesvalles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The chapel at the Pass of Roncesvalles</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roncevaux_Pass&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brecha_de_Rolando" class="mw-redirect" title="Brecha de Rolando">Brecha de Rolando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncesvalles_Avenue" title="Roncesvalles Avenue">Roncesvalles Avenue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Roland" class="mw-redirect" title="The Song of Roland">The Song of Roland</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roncevaux_Pass&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ronceval" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198606963.013.1088?rskey=3zXdIZ&result=1&q=ronceval">Oxfordindex/Ronceval</a>, <i>The Oxford Companion to Military History</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>That region is well adapted for ambuscades by reason of the thick forests that cover it; and as the army was advancing in the long line of march necessitated by the narrowness of the road, the Gascons, who lay in ambush [778] on the top of a very high mountain, attacked the rear of the baggage train and the rear guard in charge of it, and hurled them down to the very bottom of the valley [at Roncevalles, later celebrated in the Song of Roland]. In the struggle that ensued they cut them off to a man; they then plundered the baggage, and dispersed with all speed in every direction under cover of approaching night.</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://celtic-twilight.com/charlemagne/einhard/einhard_charlemagne_c9.htm">"Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne"</a> (in Latin and English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Eggihard, the King's steward; Anselm, Count Palatine; and Roland, Governor of the March of Brittany, with very many others, fell in this engagement.</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://celtic-twilight.com/charlemagne/einhard/einhard_charlemagne_c9.htm">"Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne"</a> (in Latin and English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Holmes et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8YAAAAIAAJ&q=Ronceval"><i>The Oxford Companion to Military History</i></a>, Oxford, 2001, p.510; Ronceval</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.placesofbattle.co.uk/page6.html">"The Peninsular War 1808–1814"</a>, at placesofbattle.co.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Set-Up Order of the battle: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccnapoleonics.net/Maps/Peninsular-War-1808-1814/pd04-roncesvalles-pass-25-july-1813.html">Peninsular-War-1808-1814/roncesvalles</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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