CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="lt2 no-js" data-product="lt2" data-available_styles="verdant_14 verdant_12 verdant_tight_12 system_14 system_15 georgia_14 system_large atkinson_16" lang639="en" ><head>  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset-utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <title>textbook | books tagged textbook | LibraryThing</title> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="none"/> <script type="text/javascript"> ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,e,n){function r(n){if(!e[n]){var o=e[n]={exports:{}};t[n][0].call(o.exports,function(e){var o=t[n][1][e];return r(o||e)},o,o.exports)}return e[n].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<n.length;o++)r(n[o]);return r}({1:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(e){}}var o,i=t("ee"),a=t(32),s={};try{o=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=!0,o.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),o.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&i.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&i.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){r(n.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,e){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r,s){try{l?l-=1:o(s||new UncaughtException(t,e,n),!0)}catch(f){try{i("ierr",[f,c.now(),!0])}catch(d){}}return"function"==typeof u&&u.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,e,n){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=e,this.line=n}function o(t,e){var n=e?null:c.now();i("err",[t,n])}var i=t("handle"),a=t(33),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=t("gos"),u=window.onerror,d=!1,p="nr@seenError";if(!c.disabled){var l=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error}catch(h){"stack"in h&&(t(14),t(13),"addEventListener"in window&&t(7),c.xhrWrappable&&t(15),d=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){d&&(l+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){d&&!n[p]&&(f(n,p,function(){return!0}),this.thrown=!0,o(n))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){d&&!this.thrown&&l>0&&(l-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){i("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})}},{}],3:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("loader");r.disabled||(r.features.ins=!0)},{}],4:[function(t,e,n){function r(){U++,L=g.hash,this[u]=y.now()}function o(){U--,g.hash!==L&&i(0,!0);var t=y.now();this[h]=~~this[h]+t-this[u],this[d]=t}function i(t,e){E.emit("newURL",[""+g,e])}function a(t,e){t.on(e,function(){this[e]=y.now()})}var s="-start",c="-end",f="-body",u="fn"+s,d="fn"+c,p="cb"+s,l="cb"+c,h="jsTime",m="fetch",v="addEventListener",w=window,g=w.location,y=t("loader");if(w[v]&&y.xhrWrappable&&!y.disabled){var x=t(11),b=t(12),E=t(9),R=t(7),O=t(14),T=t(8),S=t(15),P=t(10),M=t("ee"),C=M.get("tracer"),N=t(23);t(17),y.features.spa=!0;var L,U=0;M.on(u,r),b.on(p,r),P.on(p,r),M.on(d,o),b.on(l,o),P.on(l,o),M.buffer([u,d,"xhr-resolved"]),R.buffer([u]),O.buffer(["setTimeout"+c,"clearTimeout"+s,u]),S.buffer([u,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+s]),T.buffer([m+s,m+"-done",m+f+s,m+f+c]),E.buffer(["newURL"]),x.buffer([u]),b.buffer(["propagate",p,l,"executor-err","resolve"+s]),C.buffer([u,"no-"+u]),P.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"]),a(T,m+s),a(T,m+"-done"),a(P,"new-jsonp"),a(P,"jsonp-end"),a(P,"cb-start"),E.on("pushState-end",i),E.on("replaceState-end",i),w[v]("hashchange",i,N(!0)),w[v]("load",i,N(!0)),w[v]("popstate",function(){i(0,U>1)},N(!0))}},{}],5:[function(t,e,n){function r(){var t=new PerformanceObserver(function(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();s(v,[n])});try{t.observe({entryTypes:["resource"]})}catch(e){}}function o(t){if(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(w)]),window.performance["c"+p])try{window.performance[h](m,o,!1)}catch(t){}else try{window.performance[h]("webkit"+m,o,!1)}catch(t){}}function i(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var a=t("ee"),s=t("handle"),c=t(14),f=t(13),u=t(6),d=t(23),p="learResourceTimings",l="addEventListener",h="removeEventListener",m="resourcetimingbufferfull",v="bstResource",w="resource",g="-start",y="-end",x="fn"+g,b="fn"+y,E="bstTimer",R="pushState",O=t("loader");if(!O.disabled){O.features.stn=!0,t(9),"addEventListener"in window&&t(7);var T=NREUM.o.EV;a.on(x,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof T&&(this.bstStart=O.now())}),a.on(b,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof T&&s("bst",[n,e,this.bstStart,O.now()])}),c.on(x,function(t,e,n){this.bstStart=O.now(),this.bstType=n}),c.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,O.now(),this.bstType])}),f.on(x,function(){this.bstStart=O.now()}),f.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,O.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),a.on(R+g,function(t){this.time=O.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),a.on(R+y,function(t){s("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),u()?(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType("resource")]),r()):l in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+p]?window.performance[l](m,o,d(!1)):window.performance[l]("webkit"+m,o,d(!1))),document[l]("scroll",i,d(!1)),document[l]("keypress",i,d(!1)),document[l]("click",i,d(!1))}}},{}],6:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(){return"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver}},{}],7:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){for(var e=t;e&&!e.hasOwnProperty(u);)e=Object.getPrototypeOf(e);e&&o(e)}function o(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",i)}function i(t,e){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t("wrap-function")(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";e.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(o(window),o(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,e){var n=t[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var r=c(n,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==typeof n.handleEvent)return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)}var e={object:t,"function":n}[typeof n];return e?s(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],8:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){var r=t[e];"function"==typeof r&&(t[e]=function(){var t=i(arguments),e={};o.emit(n+"before-start",[t],e);var a;e[m]&&e[m].dt&&(a=e[m].dt);var s=r.apply(this,t);return o.emit(n+"start",[t,a],s),s.then(function(t){return o.emit(n+"end",[null,t],s),t},function(t){throw o.emit(n+"end",[t],s),t})})}var o=t("ee").get("fetch"),i=t(33),a=t(32);e.exports=o;var s=window,c="fetch-",f=c+"body-",u=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],d=s.Request,p=s.Response,l=s.fetch,h="prototype",m="nr@context";d&&p&&l&&(a(u,function(t,e){r(d[h],e,f),r(p[h],e,f)}),r(s,"fetch",c),o.on(c+"end",function(t,e){var n=this;if(e){var r=e.headers.get("content-length");null!==r&&(n.rxSize=r),o.emit(c+"done",[null,e],n)}else o.emit(c+"done",[t],n)}))},{}],9:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("history"),o=t("wrap-function")(r);e.exports=r;var i=window.history&&window.history.constructor&&window.history.constructor.prototype,a=window.history;i&&i.pushState&&i.replaceState&&(a=i),o.inPlace(a,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],10:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){f.emit("jsonp-end",[],l),t.removeEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.removeEventListener("error",n,c(!1))}function n(){f.emit("jsonp-error",[],l),f.emit("jsonp-end",[],l),t.removeEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.removeEventListener("error",n,c(!1))}var r=t&&"string"==typeof t.nodeName&&"script"===t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(r){var o="function"==typeof t.addEventListener;if(o){var a=i(t.src);if(a){var d=s(a),p="function"==typeof d.parent[d.key];if(p){var l={};u.inPlace(d.parent,[d.key],"cb-",l),t.addEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.addEventListener("error",n,c(!1)),f.emit("new-jsonp",[t.src],l)}}}}}function o(){return"addEventListener"in window}function i(t){var e=t.match(d);return e?e[1]:null}function a(t,e){var n=t.match(l),r=n[1],o=n[3];return o?a(o,e[r]):e[r]}function s(t){var e=t.match(p);return e&&e.length>=3?{key:e[2],parent:a(e[1],window)}:{key:t,parent:window}}var c=t(23),f=t("ee").get("jsonp"),u=t("wrap-function")(f);if(e.exports=f,o()){var d=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,p=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,l=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/,h=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];Node&&Node.prototype&&Node.prototype.appendChild?u.inPlace(Node.prototype,h,"dom-"):(u.inPlace(HTMLElement.prototype,h,"dom-"),u.inPlace(HTMLHeadElement.prototype,h,"dom-"),u.inPlace(HTMLBodyElement.prototype,h,"dom-")),f.on("dom-start",function(t){r(t[0])})}},{}],11:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("mutation"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i=NREUM.o.MO;e.exports=r,i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(t){return this instanceof i?new i(o(t,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype)},{}],12:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=i.context(),n=s(t,"executor-",e,null,!1),r=new f(n);return i.context(r).getCtx=function(){return e},r}var o=t("wrap-function"),i=t("ee").get("promise"),a=t("ee").getOrSetContext,s=o(i),c=t(32),f=NREUM.o.PR;e.exports=i,f&&(window.Promise=r,["all","race"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(n){function r(t){return function(){i.emit("propagate",[null,!o],a,!1,!1),o=o||!t}}var o=!1;c(n,function(e,n){Promise.resolve(n).then(r("all"===t),r(!1))});var a=e.apply(f,arguments),s=f.resolve(a);return s}}),["resolve","reject"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(t){var n=e.apply(f,arguments);return t!==n&&i.emit("propagate",[t,!0],n,!1,!1),n}}),f.prototype["catch"]=function(t){return this.then(null,t)},f.prototype=Object.create(f.prototype,{constructor:{value:r}}),c(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(f),function(t,e){try{r[e]=f[e]}catch(n){}}),o.wrapInPlace(f.prototype,"then",function(t){return function(){var e=this,n=o.argsToArray.apply(this,arguments),r=a(e);r.promise=e,n[0]=s(n[0],"cb-",r,null,!1),n[1]=s(n[1],"cb-",r,null,!1);var c=t.apply(this,n);return r.nextPromise=c,i.emit("propagate",[e,!0],c,!1,!1),c}}),i.on("executor-start",function(t){t[0]=s(t[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),t[1]=s(t[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)}),i.on("executor-err",function(t,e,n){t[1](n)}),i.on("cb-end",function(t,e,n){i.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)}),i.on("propagate",function(t,e,n){this.getCtx&&!e||(this.getCtx=function(){if(t instanceof Promise)var e=i.context(t);return e&&e.getCtx?e.getCtx():this})}),r.toString=function(){return""+f})},{}],13:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i="equestAnimationFrame";e.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["r"+i,"mozR"+i,"webkitR"+i,"msR"+i],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=o(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],14:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,n)}function o(t,e,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,n)}var i=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t("wrap-function")(i),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";e.exports=i,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),i.on(c+u,r),i.on(s+u,o)},{}],15:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){d.inPlace(e,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function o(){var t=this,e=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!e.resolved&&(e.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function i(t){x.push(t),m&&(E?E.then(a):w?w(a):(R=-R,O.data=R))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<x.length;t++)r([],x[t]);x.length&&(x=[])}function s(t,e){return e}function c(t,e){for(var n in t)e[n]=t[n];return e}t(7);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t("wrap-function")(u),p=t(23),l=NREUM.o,h=l.XHR,m=l.MO,v=l.PR,w=l.SI,g="readystatechange",y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],x=[];e.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var e=new h(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[e],e),e.addEventListener(g,o,p(!1))}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}return e};if(c(h,b),b.prototype=h.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){r(t,e),i(e)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),m){var E=v&&v.resolve();if(!w&&!v){var R=1,O=document.createTextNode(R);new m(a).observe(O,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===g||a()})},{}],16:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(!s(t))return null;var e=window.NREUM;if(!e.loader_config)return null;var n=(e.loader_config.accountID||"").toString()||null,r=(e.loader_config.agentID||"").toString()||null,f=(e.loader_config.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!r)return null;var h=l.generateSpanId(),m=l.generateTraceId(),v=Date.now(),w={spanId:h,traceId:m,timestamp:v};return(t.sameOrigin||c(t)&&p())&&(w.traceContextParentHeader=o(h,m),w.traceContextStateHeader=i(h,v,n,r,f)),(t.sameOrigin&&!u()||!t.sameOrigin&&c(t)&&d())&&(w.newrelicHeader=a(h,m,v,n,r,f)),w}function o(t,e){return"00-"+e+"-"+t+"-01"}function i(t,e,n,r,o){var i=0,a="",s=1,c="",f="";return o+"@nr="+i+"-"+s+"-"+n+"-"+r+"-"+t+"-"+a+"-"+c+"-"+f+"-"+e}function a(t,e,n,r,o,i){var a="btoa"in window&&"function"==typeof window.btoa;if(!a)return null;var s={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:r,ap:o,id:t,tr:e,ti:n}};return i&&r!==i&&(s.d.tk=i),btoa(JSON.stringify(s))}function s(t){return f()&&c(t)}function c(t){var e=!1,n={};if("init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&(n=NREUM.init.distributed_tracing),t.sameOrigin)e=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var r=0;r<n.allowed_origins.length;r++){var o=h(n.allowed_origins[r]);if(t.hostname===o.hostname&&t.protocol===o.protocol&&t.port===o.port){e=!0;break}}return e}function f(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.enabled}function u(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.exclude_newrelic_header}function d(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_newrelic_header!==!1}function p(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}var l=t(29),h=t(18);e.exports={generateTracePayload:r,shouldGenerateTrace:s}},{}],17:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<p;r++)t.removeEventListener(d[r],this.listener,!1);return e.protocol&&"data"===e.protocol?void g("Ajax/DataUrl/Excluded"):void(e.aborted||(n.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==e.status&&(e.status=0):i(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,s("xhr",[e,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this)))}}function o(t,e){var n=c(e),r=t.params;r.hostname=n.hostname,r.port=n.port,r.protocol=n.protocol,r.host=n.hostname+":"+n.port,r.pathname=n.pathname,t.parsedOrigin=n,t.sameOrigin=n.sameOrigin}function i(t,e){t.params.status=e.status;var n=v(e,t.lastSize);if(n&&(t.metrics.rxSize=n),t.sameOrigin){var r=e.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");r&&(t.params.cat=r.split(", ").pop())}t.loadCaptureCalled=!0}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable&&!a.disabled){var s=t("handle"),c=t(18),f=t(16).generateTracePayload,u=t("ee"),d=["load","error","abort","timeout"],p=d.length,l=t("id"),h=t(24),m=t(22),v=t(19),w=t(23),g=t(25).recordSupportability,y=NREUM.o.REQ,x=window.XMLHttpRequest;a.features.xhr=!0,t(15),t(8),u.on("new-xhr",function(t){var e=this;e.totalCbs=0,e.called=0,e.cbTime=0,e.end=r,e.ended=!1,e.xhrGuids={},e.lastSize=null,e.loadCaptureCalled=!1,e.params=this.params||{},e.metrics=this.metrics||{},t.addEventListener("load",function(n){i(e,t)},w(!1)),h&&(h>34||h<10)||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){e.lastSize=t.loaded},w(!1))}),u.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},o(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),u.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,e){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&e.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid);var n=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(n){var r=!1;n.newrelicHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.newrelicHeader),r=!0),n.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("traceparent",n.traceContextParentHeader),n.traceContextStateHeader&&e.setRequestHeader("tracestate",n.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r&&(this.dt=n)}}),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){var n=this.metrics,r=t[0],o=this;if(n&&r){var i=m(r);i&&(n.txSize=i)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"!==t.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof e.onload))&&o.end(e)}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<p;s++)e.addEventListener(d[s],this.listener,w(!1))}),u.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,e,n){this.cbTime+=t,e?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof n.onload||this.end(n)}),u.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[n]&&(this.xhrGuids[n]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),u.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[n]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[n],this.totalCbs-=1)}),u.on("xhr-resolved",function(){this.endTime=a.now()}),u.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof x&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof x&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){e instanceof x&&("onload"===n&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),u.on("fn-end",function(t,e){this.xhrCbStart&&u.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,e],e)}),u.on("fetch-before-start",function(t){function e(t,e){var n=!1;return e.newrelicHeader&&(t.set("newrelic",e.newrelicHeader),n=!0),e.traceContextParentHeader&&(t.set("traceparent",e.traceContextParentHeader),e.traceContextStateHeader&&t.set("tracestate",e.traceContextStateHeader),n=!0),n}var n,r=t[1]||{};"string"==typeof t[0]?n=t[0]:t[0]&&t[0].url?n=t[0].url:window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL&&(n=t[0].href),n&&(this.parsedOrigin=c(n),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var o=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(o&&(o.newrelicHeader||o.traceContextParentHeader))if("string"==typeof t[0]||window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL){var i={};for(var a in r)i[a]=r[a];i.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),e(i.headers,o)&&(this.dt=o),t.length>1?t[1]=i:t.push(i)}else t[0]&&t[0].headers&&e(t[0].headers,o)&&(this.dt=o)}),u.on("fetch-start",function(t,e){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=a.now(),this.dt=e,t.length>=1&&(this.target=t[0]),t.length>=2&&(this.opts=t[1]);var n,r=this.opts||{},i=this.target;if("string"==typeof i?n=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof y?n=i.url:window.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(n=i.href),o(this,n),"data"!==this.params.protocol){var s=(""+(i&&i instanceof y&&i.method||r.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=s,this.txSize=m(r.body)||0}}),u.on("fetch-done",function(t,e){if(this.endTime=a.now(),this.params||(this.params={}),"data"===this.params.protocol)return void g("Ajax/DataUrl/Excluded");this.params.status=e?e.status:0;var n;"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var r={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:a.now()-this.startTime};s("xhr",[this.params,r,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this)})}},{}],18:[function(t,e,n){var r={};e.exports=function(t){if(t in r)return r[t];if(0===(t||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};var e=document.createElement("a"),n=window.location,o={};e.href=t,o.port=e.port;var i=e.href.split("://");!o.port&&i[1]&&(o.port=i[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===i[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=e.hostname||n.hostname,o.pathname=e.pathname,o.protocol=i[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var a=!e.protocol||":"===e.protocol||e.protocol===n.protocol,s=e.hostname===document.domain&&e.port===n.port;return o.sameOrigin=a&&(!e.hostname||s),"/"===o.pathname&&(r[t]=o),o}},{}],19:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.responseType;return"json"===n&&null!==e?e:"arraybuffer"===n||"blob"===n||"json"===n?o(t.response):"text"===n||""===n||void 0===n?o(t.responseText):void 0}var o=t(22);e.exports=r},{}],20:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t,e,n,r){return function(){return u.recordSupportability("API/"+e+"/called"),i(t+e,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),n?null:this,r),n?void 0:this}}var i=t("handle"),a=t(32),s=t(33),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=t(25),d=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=d);var p=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],l="api-",h=l+"ixn-";a(p,function(t,e){d[e]=o(l,e,!0,"api")}),d.addPageAction=o(l,"addPageAction",!0),d.setCurrentRouteName=o(l,"routeName",!0),e.exports=newrelic,d.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,e){var n={},r=this,o="function"==typeof e;return i(h+"tracer",[f.now(),t,n],r),function(){if(c.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,o],n),o)try{return e.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],n),t}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],n)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,e){m[e]=o(h,e)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),u.recordSupportability("API/noticeError/called"),i("err",[t,f.now(),!1,e])}},{}],21:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(NREUM.init){for(var e=NREUM.init,n=t.split("."),r=0;r<n.length-1;r++)if(e=e[n[r]],"object"!=typeof e)return;return e=e[n[n.length-1]]}}e.exports={getConfiguration:r}},{}],22:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(e){return}}}},{}],23:[function(t,e,n){var r=!1;try{var o=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){r=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",null,o),window.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,o)}catch(i){}e.exports=function(t){return r?{passive:!0,capture:!!t}:!!t}},{}],24:[function(t,e,n){var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1]),e.exports=r},{}],25:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[a,t,{name:t},e];return i("storeMetric",n,null,"api"),n}function o(t,e){var n=[s,t,{name:t},e];return i("storeEventMetrics",n,null,"api"),n}var i=t("handle"),a="sm",s="cm";e.exports={constants:{SUPPORTABILITY_METRIC:a,CUSTOM_METRIC:s},recordSupportability:r,recordCustom:o}},{}],26:[function(t,e,n){function r(){return s.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(i=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),i))-a}function o(){return i}var i=(new Date).getTime(),a=i,s=t(34);e.exports=r,e.exports.offset=a,e.exports.getLastTimestamp=o},{}],27:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){return!(!t||!t.protocol||"file:"===t.protocol)}e.exports=r},{}],28:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();n.forEach(function(t){"first-paint"===t.name?l("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&l("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)])})}function o(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var r=n[n.length-1];if(f&&f<r.startTime)return;var o=[r],i=a({});i&&o.push(i),l("lcp",o)}}function i(t){t.getEntries().forEach(function(t){t.hadRecentInput||l("cls",[t])})}function a(t){var e=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(e)return e.type&&(t["net-type"]=e.type),e.effectiveType&&(t["net-etype"]=e.effectiveType),e.rtt&&(t["net-rtt"]=e.rtt),e.downlink&&(t["net-dlink"]=e.downlink),t}function s(t){if(t instanceof w&&!y){var e=Math.round(t.timeStamp),n={type:t.type};a(n),e<=h.now()?n.fid=h.now()-e:e>h.offset&&e<=Date.now()?(e-=h.offset,n.fid=h.now()-e):e=h.now(),y=!0,l("timing",["fi",e,n])}}function c(t){"hidden"===t&&(f=h.now(),l("pageHide",[f]))}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var f,u,d,p,l=t("handle"),h=t("loader"),m=t(31),v=t(23),w=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){u=new PerformanceObserver(r);try{u.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(g){}d=new PerformanceObserver(o);try{d.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(g){}p=new PerformanceObserver(i);try{p.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(g){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var y=!1,x=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];x.forEach(function(t){document.addEventListener(t,s,v(!1))})}m(c)}},{}],29:[function(t,e,n){function r(){function t(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",a="",s=0;s<i.length;s++)o=i[s],"x"===o?a+=t().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&t()|8,a+=o.toString(16)):a+=o;return a}function o(){return a(16)}function i(){return a(32)}function a(t){function e(){return n?15&n[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}var n=null,r=0,o=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;o&&o.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(n=o.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i=[],a=0;a<t;a++)i.push(e().toString(16));return i.join("")}e.exports={generateUuid:r,generateSpanId:o,generateTraceId:i}},{}],30:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){if(!o)return!1;if(t!==o)return!1;if(!e)return!0;if(!i)return!1;for(var n=i.split("."),r=e.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==n[a])return!1;return!0}var o=null,i=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var s=navigator.userAgent,c=s.match(a);c&&s.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&s.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(o="Safari",i=c[1])}e.exports={agent:o,version:i,match:r}},{}],31:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){t(s&&document[s]?document[s]:document[i]?"hidden":"visible")}"addEventListener"in document&&a&&document.addEventListener(a,e,o(!1))}var o=t(23);e.exports=r;var i,a,s;"undefined"!=typeof document.hidden?(i="hidden",a="visibilitychange",s="visibilityState"):"undefined"!=typeof document.msHidden?(i="msHidden",a="msvisibilitychange"):"undefined"!=typeof document.webkitHidden&&(i="webkitHidden",a="webkitvisibilitychange",s="webkitVisibilityState")},{}],32:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[],r="",i=0;for(r in t)o.call(t,r)&&(n[i]=e(r,t[r]),i+=1);return n}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],33:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){e||(e=0),"undefined"==typeof n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=n-e||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[e+r];return i}e.exports=r},{}],34:[function(t,e,n){e.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t){function e(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?f(t,c,a):a()}function n(n,r,o,i,a){if(a!==!1&&(a=!0),!l.aborted||i){t&&a&&t(n,r,o);for(var s=e(o),c=m(n),f=c.length,u=0;u<f;u++)c[u].apply(s,r);var p=d[y[n]];return p&&p.push([x,n,r,s]),s}}function i(t,e){g[t]=m(t).concat(e)}function h(t,e){var n=g[t];if(n)for(var r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]===e&&n.splice(r,1)}function m(t){return g[t]||[]}function v(t){return p[t]=p[t]||o(n)}function w(t,e){l.aborted||u(t,function(t,n){e=e||"feature",y[n]=e,e in d||(d[e]=[])})}var g={},y={},x={on:i,addEventListener:i,removeEventListener:h,emit:n,get:v,listeners:m,context:e,buffer:w,abort:s,aborted:!1};return x}function i(t){return f(t,c,a)}function a(){return new r}function s(){(d.api||d.feature)&&(l.aborted=!0,d=l.backlog={})}var c="nr@context",f=t("gos"),u=t(32),d={},p={},l=e.exports=o();e.exports.getOrSetContext=i,l.backlog=d},{}],gos:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){if(o.call(t,e))return t[e];var r=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return t[e]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r){o.buffer([t],r),o.emit(t,e,n)}var o=t("ee").get("handle");e.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==e&&"function"!==e?-1:t===window?0:a(t,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=t("gos");e.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,e,n){function r(){if(!S++){var t=T.info=NREUM.info,e=v.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(f.abort,3e4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&e))return f.abort();c(R,function(e,n){t[e]||(t[e]=n)});var n=a();s("mark",["onload",n+T.offset],null,"api"),s("timing",["load",n]);var r=v.createElement("script");0===t.agent.indexOf("http://")||0===t.agent.indexOf("https://")?r.src=t.agent:r.src=h+"://"+t.agent,e.parentNode.insertBefore(r,e)}}function o(){"complete"===v.readyState&&i()}function i(){s("mark",["domContent",a()+T.offset],null,"api")}var a=t(26),s=t("handle"),c=t(32),f=t("ee"),u=t(30),d=t(27),p=t(21),l=t(23),h=p.getConfiguration("ssl")===!1?"http":"https",m=window,v=m.document,w="addEventListener",g="attachEvent",y=m.XMLHttpRequest,x=y&&y.prototype,b=!d(m.location);NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:m.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:y,REQ:m.Request,EV:m.Event,PR:m.Promise,MO:m.MutationObserver};var E=""+location,R={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-spa-1215.min.js"},O=y&&x&&x[w]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),T=e.exports={offset:a.getLastTimestamp(),now:a,origin:E,features:{},xhrWrappable:O,userAgent:u,disabled:b};if(!b){t(20),t(28),v[w]?(v[w]("DOMContentLoaded",i,l(!1)),m[w]("load",r,l(!1))):(v[g]("onreadystatechange",o),m[g]("onload",r)),s("mark",["firstbyte",a.getLastTimestamp()],null,"api");var S=0}},{}],"wrap-function":[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){function n(e,n,r,c,f){function nrWrapper(){var i,a,u,p;try{a=this,i=d(arguments),u="function"==typeof r?r(i,a):r||{}}catch(l){o([l,"",[i,a,c],u],t)}s(n+"start",[i,a,c],u,f);try{return p=e.apply(a,i)}catch(h){throw s(n+"err",[i,a,h],u,f),h}finally{s(n+"end",[i,a,p],u,f)}}return a(e)?e:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[p]=e,i(e,nrWrapper,t),nrWrapper)}function r(t,e,r,o,i){r||(r="");var s,c,f,u="-"===r.charAt(0);for(f=0;f<e.length;f++)c=e[f],s=t[c],a(s)||(t[c]=n(s,u?c+r:r,o,c,i))}function s(n,r,i,a){if(!h||e){var s=h;h=!0;try{t.emit(n,r,i,e,a)}catch(c){o([c,n,r,i],t)}h=s}}return t||(t=u),n.inPlace=r,n.flag=p,n}function o(t,e){e||(e=u);try{e.emit("internal-error",t)}catch(n){}}function i(t,e,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var r=Object.keys(t);return r.forEach(function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,{get:function(){return t[n]},set:function(e){return t[n]=e,e}})}),e}catch(i){o([i],n)}for(var a in t)l.call(t,a)&&(e[a]=t[a]);return e}function a(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&!t[p])}function s(t,e){var n=e(t);return n[p]=t,i(t,n,u),n}function c(t,e,n){var r=t[e];t[e]=s(r,n)}function f(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;++n)e[n]=arguments[n];return e}var u=t("ee"),d=t(33),p="nr@original",l=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,h=!1;e.exports=r,e.exports.wrapFunction=s,e.exports.wrapInPlace=c,e.exports.argsToArray=f},{}]},{},["loader",2,17,5,3,4]); ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"2883957",trustKey:"2883957",agentID:"520756539",licenseKey:"NRJS-012b8030e06bfdc9233",applicationID:"520756539"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"NRJS-012b8030e06bfdc9233",applicationID:"520756539",sa:1} </script> <meta name="librarything_env" content="beta" /> <meta name="librarything_lang" content="" /> <meta name="librarything_product" content="lt2" /> <meta id="viewport" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=5.0, user-scalable=1, viewport-fit=cover">  <link rel="preconnect" href="//image.librarything.com"/> <link rel="preconnect" href="//image.librarything.com" crossorigin/> <link rel="preconnect" href="//pics.cdn.librarything.com"/> <link rel="preconnect" href="//pics.cdn.librarything.com" crossorigin/> <link rel="preconnect" href="//images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com"/> <link rel="preconnect" href="//images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com" crossorigin/>  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ssl.google-analytics.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//books.google.com"/> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon_lt_32.ico" sizes="any" /><link rel="icon" href="/favicon_lt.svg" type="image/svg+xml"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png">  <meta name="description" content="LibraryThing catalogs yours books online, easily, quickly and for free."/> <meta name="keywords" content="librarything, library, thing, catalog your books, catalogue your books, book cataloging, library, free book catalog, catalogue"/> <meta name="language" content="en"/> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=948824489"/> <meta name="google-play-app" content="app-id=com.librarything.librarything"/>  <meta property="fb:app_id" content="79305890602"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="LibraryThing.com"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.librarything.com"/> <meta property="og:title" content="textbook | books tagged textbook | LibraryThing"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:description" content="LibraryThing catalogs yours books online, easily, quickly and for free."/>  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LibraryThing"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="textbook | books tagged textbook | LibraryThing"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="LibraryThing catalogs yours books online, easily, quickly and for free."/>  <link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://image.librarything.com/css/bootstrap-3.3.4.min.css?v=3" type="text/css" /><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_vars.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_main.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://image.librarything.com/css/lt2_tabs.css?v=3" type="text/css" /><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_forms.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt1.5_nav_bridge.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_main_grid.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_content.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_lt1_overrides.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker_verdant_14.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker_verdant_12.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker_verdant_tight_12.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker_system_14.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker_system_15.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker_georgia_14.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker_system_large.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker_atkinson_16.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/notifier_control.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://image.librarything.com/css/fontawesome6.4.2/css/all.min.css?v=3" type="text/css" /><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://image.librarything.com/css/lticon_fonts.css?v=3" type="text/css" /><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/jqueryui_autocomplete_lt2.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://image.librarything.com/css/toastify.css?v=3" type="text/css" /><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_toastify.css?v=5300" type="text/css"> <link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_popup.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt2_stylepicker.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt_lightbox2020.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/addbooks_express.css?v=5300" type="text/css"> <style data-bundle="translated_css" type="text/css" ver="5300"> spoiler:before { content:"Spoiler (click to see)" !important; } spoiler.spoiled:before { content: "Spoiler" !important; } </style><link data-bundle="context-page-cssA" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//commonknowledge/fwiki.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link data-bundle="context-page-cssA" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/newshelf.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link data-bundle="context-page-cssA" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/tag_translations.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link data-bundle="context-page-cssA" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/tag.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link data-bundle="context-page-cssA" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/tagwatch.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link data-bundle="context-page-cssA" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/population.css?v=5300" type="text/css"><link data-bundle="context-page-cssA" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.librarything.com//css/lt1_bridge.css?v=5300" type="text/css"> <style type="text/css" media="all"> #relatedtagsarea { font-size: 80%; line-height: 80%; } #relatedtagsarea .tagcloud_tags { line-height: 1.5em; } #extra_sidenav_content { padding: var(--lt-padding) 0; } </style> <script fetchpriority="high" src="https://image.librarything.com/js/jquery-3.7.1.min.js?v=2"></script><script defer data-bundle="IE11_cssvars_polyfill">window.MSInputMethodContext && document.documentMode && document.write('<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/nuxodin/ie11CustomProperties@4.1.0/ie11CustomProperties.min.js"><\x2fscript>');</script><script defer data-bundle="iOSSafari_100vh_pollyfill"> try { var lt = lt || {}; } catch(err){} iOSSafari_100vh_pollyfill_setVh = () => { const vh = parseFloat((window.innerHeight * 0.01).toFixed(2)); document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--vh', `${vh}px`); document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--vh100', `${window.innerHeight}px`); return vh; }; window.addEventListener('load', iOSSafari_100vh_pollyfill_setVh); </script><script defer data-bundle="translated_js" type="text/javascript" fetchpriority="high" version="5300"> try { var LibraryThing = LibraryThing || {}; } catch(er){} LibraryThing.translated_vars_key = ""; LibraryThing._isLT2 = 1; LibraryThing.lt2_popup_style = "legacy"; LibraryThing.is_signed_in = 0; LibraryThing.isDevBox = 0; LibraryThing.loaded_translated_vars = 1; LibraryThing.servers = LibraryThing.servers || {}; LibraryThing.servers.image = "https://image.librarything.com"; LibraryThing.servers.pics = "https://pics.cdn.librarything.com/"; LibraryThing.ltstrings = LibraryThing.ltstrings || {}; LibraryThing.ltstrings.yes = "Yes"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.no = "No"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.save = "Save"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.cancel = "Cancel"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.savereview = "Save Review"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.saving = "saving"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.loading = "Loading..."; LibraryThing.ltstrings.confirm = "Confirm?"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.rejectAndDeleteAuthor = "Reject and delete this author?"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.referrer = ""; LibraryThing.ltstrings.areyousure = "Are you sure?"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.areyousure_immediate = "This item will be deleted immediately. Are you sure you want to delete this item?"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.getting_help = "Getting help..."; LibraryThing.ltstrings.alt_cover_image = "Cover Image"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.close = "Close"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.show_more_elipses = "Show more..."; LibraryThing.ltstrings.show_more = "Show More"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.show_less = "Show Less"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.show_all = "Show All"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.see_more_elipses = "See more..."; LibraryThing.ltstrings.see_more = "See More"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.see_less = "See Less"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.see_all = "See All"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.attempting_size_calc = "Attempting to calculate size"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.approximately = "approximately"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.deleteinventory = "Clear all inventory information for this collection?"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.abx_addbook = "Add Book"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.genre_flag_confirmation = "Flag this genre as egregiously wrong?"; LibraryThing.ltstrings.loader_messagesA = [ "Still Loading...", "A lot of thinking happening...", "It seems we may be here a while...", "Maybe you should start a book...", "In fact, maybe you should start writing a book...", "We have hit a writers block but we are still working on it..." ]; LibraryThing.ltstrings.datatables = { "emptyTable": "No data available in table", "info": "Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries", "infoEmpty": "Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries", "infoFiltered": "(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)", "lengthMenu": "Show _MENU_ entries", "loadingRecords": "Loading...", "processing": "Processing...", "search": "Search:", "zeroRecords": "No matching records found", "paginate": { "first": "First", "last": "Last", "next": "Next", "previous": "Previous" }, "aria": { "sortAscending": ": activate to sort column ascending", "sortDescending": ": activate to sort column descending" } }; LibraryThing.ltstrings.recs = { "filter": { "tagRemove": "Are you sure you want to enter tag remove mode?", "tagReset": "Are you sure you want to reset your default tags?", } }; </script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" src="https://image.librarything.com/js2/lt2_jsinit.js" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" src="https://image.librarything.com/js2/mmlog.js?v=2" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" src="https://image.librarything.com/js/modernizr_lt.3.6.0010.js?v=2" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" src="https://image.librarything.com/js/jquery.visible.js?v=2" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/lt2_basics.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/lt2_main.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/autocomplete.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_core" src="https://image.librarything.com/js2/toastify.js?v=2" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script> </head><body data-gv="5300" data-product="lt2" data-lt2="1" data-observe-resizes data-fa_v="6" data-fa class="lt2 serifed_headers lt1nav tag overview ie6or7 ie7or8 ie ie7 " ><div id="skiptocontent"><a tabindex="0" href="#lt2_content">Skip to main content</a></div> <nav id="lt1_nav" role="navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation"><a class="anchor" name="top"></a><a class="anchor" name="t"></a><div id="masthead" class="ie6or7 ie7or8 ie ie7 "> <a title="Home" href="/" target="_top"> <img id="masthead_logo_wordmark2" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/lt1wordmark_150w.png" srcset="https://image.librarything.com/pics/lt1wordmark_300w.png 2x, https://image.librarything.com/pics/lt1wordmark_450w.png 3x" alt="LibraryThing Home" /> <img id="masthead_lt_logo2" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/ltlogo_square_fff_trans.png" srcset="https://image.librarything.com/pics/ltlogo_square_fff_trans@2x.png 2x, https://image.librarything.com/pics/ltlogo_square_fff_trans@3x.png 3x" alt="LibraryThing Home" /> </a> <nav id="tabs" role="region" aria-label="Main Navigation Choices"> <a class="sitenav_item g1" data-icon="" id="masttab_home" href="/" target="_top">Home</a><a class="sitenav_item g3" id="masttab_groups" href="/ngroups" target="_top">Groups</a><a class="sitenav_item g3 spacer_after" id="masttab_talk" href="/talk" target="_top">Talk</a><a class="sitenav_item g4" id="masttab_more" href="/more" target="_top">More</a><a class="sitenav_item g4" id="masttab_z" href="/zeitgeist" target="_top">Zeitgeist</a> <div class="sitenav_item g6" id="mobile_topmenu"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> <div class="navicon" id="lt2_navnotifications"> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="mobile_topmenu_content"> <a class="sitenav_item g1" data-icon="" id="masttab_home" href="/" target="_top">Home</a> <a class="sitenav_item g3" id="masttab_groups" href="/ngroups" target="_top">Groups</a> <a class="sitenav_item g3 spacer_after" id="masttab_talk" href="/talk" target="_top">Talk</a> <a class="sitenav_item g4" id="masttab_more" href="/more" target="_top">More</a> <a class="sitenav_item g4" id="masttab_z" href="/zeitgeist" target="_top">Zeitgeist</a><div class="separator"></div><a id="mastheadSigninLink" href="/" target="_top">Sign in / Join</a><a href="#" onclick="languagelist(0,0,0); return false;"><i class="fa-solid fa-globe"></i> English</a><a href="https://wiki.librarything.com/index.php/HelpThing:Tag" target="_top">Help</a> </div> <div id="mast_alt"> <div id="mastsearch"> <form action="/search.php" method="GET" target="_top" role="search" id="sbarform" name="sbarform"> <div id="mastsearch_container"> <input type="hidden" name="searchtype" value="newwork_titles"/> <input type="text" id="mastsearch_query" value="" placeholder="Search LibraryThing" name="term"> <img id="mastsearch_glass" tabindex=0 title="Search Site" alt="Search Site" src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/sbar_4.png" srcset="https://image.librarything.com/pics/sbar_4@2x.png 2x, https://image.librarything.com/pics/sbar_4@3x.png 3x" height="13px" width="12px" onclick="document.sbarform.submit();"/> </div> </form> </div> <div id="mastuser"> <ul> <li class="mastuseritem" data-id="userpad_signin"><a id="mastheadSigninLink" href="/" target="_top">Sign in / Join</a></li><li class="mastuseritem" data-id="userpad_langs"><a href="#" onclick="languagelist(0,0,0); return false;"><i class="fa-solid fa-globe"></i> English</a></li><li class="mastuseritem" data-id="userpad_help"><a href="https://wiki.librarything.com/index.php/HelpThing:Tag" target="_top">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="mast_rule"></div> <ul id="languagechoice" style="display:none;" onmouseover="languagemenu=true;" onmouseout="languagemenu=false;setTimeout(function(){if (!languagemenu) {document.getElementById('languagechoice').style.display='none';}},1000);"></ul></div></nav><div id="lt2_maincontent" class="flex col3" data-content-product="lt2" ><a class="anchor" name="top"></a><a class="anchor" name="t"></a> <main data-observe-resizes id="lt2_content" class="with_sidebar" role="main"><div class="lt2_loading_indicator"></div> <div id="lt2_content_interior"> <a class="anchor" name="top"></a><a class="anchor" name="t"></a> <section class="first"><h1 class="first">Tag<i class="fas fa-chevron-right breadcrumb_separator"></i>textbook</h1><div class="hx_afternote note"><div><b><a href="/tag/detail/textbook#aliases">Includes</a>:</b> <span id="u_b200e819" class="lt_itemlist"><span class="ltil_item " >textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >text book, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Lehrbuch, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Text Book, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Text book, </span><span class="ltil_item " >TEXTBOOK, </span><span class="ltil_item " >lehrbuch, </span><span class="ltil_item " >text-book, </span><span class="ltil_item " >TextBook</span><span id="u_aa70dc2d" class="rolldown" data-action="slide" data-more="show more" data-less="show less" data-all="show all 86" >, <span class="ltil_item " >texbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >kursbok, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Texbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbok, </span><span class="ltil_item " >@textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >_textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Text-book, </span><span class="ltil_item " >a:textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >~~~textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >TEXT BOOK, </span><span class="ltil_item " >txtbk, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textboook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >校褔械斜薪懈泻, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbook., </span><span class="ltil_item " >/Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >*textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Text-Book, </span><span class="ltil_item " >type: textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbk, </span><span class="ltil_item " >TYPE: Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >extbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textboo, </span><span class="ltil_item " >聽textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >#textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >|Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >~textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textBook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Textook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >"text book", </span><span class="ltil_item " >Textboook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >tetbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >text Book, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Textbook., </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbook聽, </span><span class="ltil_item " >texrbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Ttextbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Texxtbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >"Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Textbok, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbook", </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbookk, </span><span class="ltil_item " >texxtbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbook;, </span><span class="ltil_item " >texbtook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbook聽聽, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Textbook聽, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Tetbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbook. **, </span><span class="ltil_item " >"textbook", </span><span class="ltil_item " >"Textbook", </span><span class="ltil_item " >Type: Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >.textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >.Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >@Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbook], </span><span class="ltil_item " >. Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >|textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >^Textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >;textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Texrbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >txtbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >/textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >ttextbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >. textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >TExtbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >TxtBook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >"textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Txtbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Textboo, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Kursbok, </span><span class="ltil_item " >textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Texbtook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >^textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >A:textbook, </span><span class="ltil_item " >#Textbook</span></span></span></div><div><b><a href="/tag/detail/textbook#translations">Translations</a>:</b> <span id="u_9bbf6bc4" class="lt_itemlist"><span class="ltil_item " >Leerboek, </span><span class="ltil_item " >oppikirja, </span><span class="ltil_item " >l盲robok, </span><span class="ltil_item " >llyfr testun, </span><span class="ltil_item " >ud啪benik, </span><span class="ltil_item " >l忙rebog, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Lehrbuch, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Libro de texto, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Manuel scolaire, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Libro di testo</span><span id="u_e4241584" class="rolldown" data-action="slide" data-more="show more" data-less="show less" data-all="show all 16" >, <span class="ltil_item " >M膩c墨bu gr膩mata, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Vadov臈lis, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Skoleb酶ker, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Podr臋cznik szkolny, </span><span class="ltil_item " >Livro did谩tico, </span><span class="ltil_item " >校褔械斜薪懈泻</span></span></span></div></div><div id="linkdiv" style="display: none;"></div></section><section><h2>Tagged Works</h2><p class="alwaysblue"><b>Most often tagged</b> | <a href="#" onclick="tagsort_pick(1); return false;">Weighted</a> | <a href="#" onclick="tagsort_pick(2); return false;">Popular recently</a> | <a href="#" onclick="tagsort_pick(3); return false;">Published recently</a>  —  <b>Filter:</b> None (<a href="#" onclick="return ajax_filterby('tag');">edit</a>)</p><div class="shelforlist" id="tag_shelforlist"><div id="shareid"><div id="tagtobook"><div class="lt2_shelf_loading_placeholder"><div class="cover_loading c5"></div><div class="cover_loading c2"></div><div class="cover_loading c5"></div><div class="cover_loading c5"></div><div class="cover_loading c4"></div><div class="cover_loading c3"></div><div class="cover_loading c5"></div><div class="cover_loading c3"></div><div class="cover_loading c1"></div><div class="cover_loading c2"></div><div class="cover_loading c5"></div><div class="cover_loading c5"></div><div class="cover_loading c4"></div><div class="cover_loading c4"></div><div class="cover_loading c3"></div></div><div class="list"> <ul class="ulplain"><li><a href="/work/41314" data-workid="41314" data-title="Wheelocks-Latin" class="" >Wheelock's Latin</a> by <a href="/author/wheelockfredericm">Frederic M. Wheelock</a> <span class="tinygray">(212 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/28622" data-workid="28622" data-title="The-Organization-of-Information" class="" >The Organization of Information</a> by <a href="/author/taylorarleneg">Arlene G. Taylor</a> <span class="tinygray">(175 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/9505712" data-workid="9505712" data-title="Scholastic-Spelling" class="" >Scholastic Spelling</a> by <a href="/author/foormanlouisamoatsan">louisa Moats and Brbara Foorman</a> <span class="tinygray">(129 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/16580" data-workid="16580" data-title="Biology" class="" >Biology</a> by <a href="/author/campbellneila">Neil A. Campbell</a> <span class="tinygray">(127 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/1336477" data-workid="1336477" data-title="Adventures-in-American-Literature" class="" >Adventures in American Literature</a> by <a href="/author/fulleredmund">Edmund Fuller</a> <span class="tinygray">(100 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/28580" data-workid="28580" data-title="Foundations-of-Library-and-Information-Science" class="" >Foundations of Library and Information Science</a> by <a href="/author/rubinrichard-1">Richard Rubin</a> <span class="tinygray">(88 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/36873" data-workid="36873" data-title="Fundamentals-of-Physics" class="" >Fundamentals of Physics</a> by <a href="/author/hallidaydavid-1">David Halliday</a> <span class="tinygray">(86 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/6087789" data-workid="6087789" data-title="Gardners-Art-through-the-Ages" class="" >Gardner's Art through the Ages</a> by <a href="/author/gardnerhelen-1">Helen Gardner</a> <span class="tinygray">(78 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/13005" data-workid="13005" data-title="Introduction-to-Algorithms" class="" >Introduction to Algorithms</a> by <a href="/author/cormenthomash">Thomas H. Cormen</a> <span class="tinygray">(74 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/36903" data-workid="36903" data-title="Introduction-to-Logic" class="" >Introduction to Logic</a> by <a href="/author/copiirvingm">Irving M. Copi</a> <span class="tinygray">(70 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/28603" data-workid="28603" data-title="Reference-and-Information-Services-An-Introduction" class="" >Reference and Information Services: An Introduction</a> by <a href="/author/boppricharde">Richard E. Bopp</a> <span class="tinygray">(69 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/13458524" data-workid="13458524" data-title="Explore%21-A-Book-of-Science-Student-Resource-Book-6" class="" >Explore! A Book of Science (Student Resource Book 6)</a> by <a href="/author/ingramjay">Jay Ingram</a> <span class="tinygray">(67 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/36796" data-workid="36796" data-title="An-Introduction-to-Language" class="" >An Introduction to Language</a> by <a href="/author/fromkinvictoria">Victoria Fromkin</a> <span class="tinygray">(65 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/2480465" data-workid="2480465" data-title="The-Complete-Works-of-William-Shakespeare" class="" >The Complete Works of William Shakespeare</a> by <a href="/author/shakespearewilliam">William Shakespeare</a> <span class="tinygray">(64 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/2629276" data-workid="2629276" data-title="The-Norton-Anthology-of-English-Literature-Volume-1" class="" >The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Volume 1</a> by <a href="/author/abramsmh">M. H. Abrams</a> <span class="tinygray">(63 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/57204" data-workid="57204" data-title="Elementary-Differential-Equations-and-Boundary-Value-Problems" class="" >Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems</a> by <a href="/author/boycewilliame">William E. Boyce</a> <span class="tinygray">(62 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/43569" data-workid="43569" data-title="Artificial-Intelligence-A-Modern-Approach" class="" >Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach</a> by <a href="/author/russellstuartj">Stuart J. Russell</a> <span class="tinygray">(62 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/8416647" data-workid="8416647" data-title="MacMillan%25252FMcGraw-Hill-Reading" class="" >MacMillan/McGraw-Hill Reading</a> by <a href="/author/floodjameshasbrouckj">James Flood, Hasbrouck, Jan E., & Hoffman, James</a> <span class="tinygray">(61 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/43673" data-workid="43673" data-title="Discrete-Mathematics-and-Its-Applications" class="" >Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications</a> by <a href="/author/rosenkennethh">Kenneth H. Rosen</a> <span class="tinygray">(59 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/83668" data-workid="83668" data-title="Introduction-to-Electrodynamics" class="" >Introduction to Electrodynamics</a> by <a href="/author/griffithsdavidj-1">David J. Griffiths</a> <span class="tinygray">(57 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/55099" data-workid="55099" data-title="Molecular-Biology-of-the-Cell" class="" >Molecular Biology of the Cell</a> by <a href="/author/albertsbruce">Bruce Alberts</a> <span class="tinygray">(57 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/563967" data-workid="563967" data-title="Conceptual-Physics" class="" >Conceptual Physics</a> by <a href="/author/hewittpaulg">Paul G. Hewitt</a> <span class="tinygray">(56 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/207534" data-workid="207534" data-title="Genki-1-An-Integrated-Course-in-Elementary-Japanese" class="" >Genki 1: An Integrated Course in Elementary Japanese</a> by <a href="/author/bannoeri">Eri Banno</a> <span class="tinygray">(54 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/50457" data-workid="50457" data-title="Linear-Algebra-and-Its-Applications" class="" >Linear Algebra and Its Applications</a> by <a href="/author/laydavidc">David C. Lay</a> <span class="tinygray">(54 times)</span></li> <li><a href="/work/31440" data-workid="31440" data-title="Cataloging-and-Classification-An-Introduction" class="" >Cataloging and Classification: An Introduction</a> by <a href="/author/chanloismai">Lois Mai Chan</a> <span class="tinygray">(54 times)</span></li></ul> </div><div class="lt_pillbox lt_tiny lt_blend lt_shelf_pagination"><a href="javascript:loadNewShelf('tagtobook','u_2c7ca98f',0,4,25,1,'0',0,);">next <i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><table class="lt_shelf_controls pubnav shelf_ctrl_bottom style0" data-shelftype="work" data-count="25"><tr class="newshelf_control_line"><td class="lt_shelf_controls_info"><div class="lt_pillbox lt_tiny lt_blend lt_shelf_pagination ltx"><a href="javascript:loadNewShelf('tagtobook','u_2c7ca98f',0,4,25,1,'0',0,);">next <i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div><td class="shelfright"><div data-value="0" class="lt_pillbox lt_blend tiny lt_tiny" ><a data-value="0" data-onclick="loadNewShelf('tagtobook','u_2c7ca98f',0,0,0,1,'0')" role="button" class="selected" ><i class="fas fa-line-columns"></i><span class="ltp_txt">Titles</span></a class="" ><a data-value="2" data-onclick="loadNewShelf('tagtobook','u_2c7ca98f',2,0,0,1,'0')" role="button" class="" ><i class="fa-solid fa-grid-2"></i><span class="ltp_txt">Covers</span></a class="" ></div class="" ></td></tr></table></div></div></div></section><section><h2>Using the Tag</h2><a href="/profile/rybie2" target='_top'>rybie2</a> (<a href="/catalog/rybie2&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>633</a>), <a href="/profile/kirja" target='_top'>kirja</a> (<a href="/catalog/kirja&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>555</a>), <a href="/profile/idiosyncratic" target='_top'>idiosyncratic</a> (<a href="/catalog/idiosyncratic&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>498</a>), <a href="/profile/infinitesharing" target='_top'>infinitesharing</a> (<a href="/catalog/infinitesharing&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>455</a>), <a href="/profile/booksmatter" target='_top'>booksmatter</a> (<a href="/catalog/booksmatter&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>403</a>), <a href="/profile/MLCA" target='_top'>MLCA</a> (<a href="/catalog/MLCA&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>380</a>), <a href="/profile/lsutheatre" target='_top'>lsutheatre</a> (<a href="/catalog/lsutheatre&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>340</a>), <a href="/profile/fredbacon" target='_top'>fredbacon</a> (<a href="/catalog/fredbacon&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>299</a>), <a href="/profile/boazer" target='_top'>boazer</a> (<a href="/catalog/boazer&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>291</a>), <a href="/profile/unixploria" target='_top'>unixploria</a> (<a href="/catalog/unixploria&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>286</a>), <a href="/profile/AfricanLanguages" target='_top'>AfricanLanguages</a> (<a href="/catalog/AfricanLanguages&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>280</a>), <a href="/profile/FrankJLucatelli" target='_top'>FrankJLucatelli</a> (<a href="/catalog/FrankJLucatelli&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>272</a>), <a href="/profile/bnielsen" target='_top'>bnielsen</a> (<a href="/catalog/bnielsen&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>263</a>), <a href="/profile/carnegie.hill" target='_top'>carnegie.hill</a> (<a href="/catalog/carnegie.hill&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>262</a>), <a href="/profile/baisemain" target='_top'>baisemain</a> (<a href="/catalog/baisemain&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>258</a>), <a href="/profile/Pferdina" target='_top'>Pferdina</a> (<a href="/catalog/Pferdina&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>238</a>), <a href="/profile/fzhb" target='_top'>fzhb</a> (<a href="/catalog/fzhb&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>237</a>), <a href="/profile/bosuch" target='_top'>bosuch</a> (<a href="/catalog/bosuch&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>228</a>), <a href="/profile/karo01" target='_top'>karo01</a> (<a href="/catalog/karo01&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>226</a>), <a href="/profile/Poznaniak" target='_top'>Poznaniak</a> (<a href="/catalog/Poznaniak&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>223</a>), <a href="/profile/confucius" target='_top'>confucius</a> (<a href="/catalog/confucius&tag=textbook&alias=1" target='_top'>205</a>) and 104,638 other members<div id="recentlytagged" style="display: none;"><h2>Recently Tagged</h2><div id="tagwatch_work"><img src="https://image.librarything.com/pics/fbloader.gif" class="fbloader"></div></div><h2>Google Books Ngram Viewer</h2><p>Data from <a href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=textbook&year_start=1800&year_end=2010&corpus=0&smoothing=3">Books Ngram Viewer</a></p><iframe name="ngram_chart" src="https://books.google.com/ngrams/interactive_chart?content=textbook&year_start=1800&year_end=2024&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=on&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ctextbook%3B%2Cc0" width=1800 height=500 marginwidth=0 marginheight=0 hspace=0 vspace=0 frameborder=0 scrolling=no></iframe><a name="bottom"></a></div></main><div id="lt_altsidebar" class="lt2_sidebar lt_altsidebar" ><div class="dyn_nav_menu" data-observe-resizes ><div class="sidebar_group tag_altcontent"><div class="sidebar_content lt2_nogrouptitle "> <div class="greenbox" style="text-align: justified !important;"> <div class="flex_spread"> <h2 class="first">Related Tags</h2><div id="shownums"><button id="shownums_button1" value="Numbers" value="Numbers" class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn btn-tiny btn-default" type="button" role="button" onclick="shownums();$('#shownums_button1').toggleClass('btn-default btn-success');" ><span class="btntxt">Numbers</span></button></div></div><div id="relatedtagsarea" class="hidecount"> Loading...</div></div><div class="greenbox"><div class="subjectlist"><h2 class="first">Related Series</h2><div id="u_ee6fee8c" class="lt_itemlist"><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/6315/Library-and-Information-Science-Text-Series" class="" >Library and Information Science Text Series</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/6558/Wheelocks-Latin-Series" class="" >Wheelock's Latin Series</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/2335/The-Norton-Anthology-of-English-Literature" class="" >The Norton Anthology of English Literature</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/33462/Adventures-in-Literature-Series" class="" >Adventures in Literature Series</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/28125/Genki-An-Integrated-Course-in-Elementary-Japanese" class="" >Genki: An Integrated Course in Elementary Japanese</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/9106/MIT-Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science" class="" >MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/6144/The-Feynman-Lectures-on-Physics" class="" >The Feynman Lectures on Physics</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/9988/McGuffeys-Readers" class="" >McGuffey's Readers</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/30630/Al-Kitaab" class="" >Al-Kitaab</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/8917/Norton-Anthologies" class="" >Norton Anthologies</a></div></div><div id="u_d21ee4e6" class="rolldown" data-action="slide" data-more="show more" data-less="show less" data-all="show all" ><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/22743/Exploring-Creation-with" class="" >Exploring Creation with...</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/14973/Japanese-for-Busy-People" class="" >Japanese for Busy People</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/15172/Write-Source" class="" >Write Source</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/28244/Oxford-Latin-Course" class="" >Oxford Latin Course</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/12064/Athenaze-An-Introduction-to-Ancient-Greek" class="" >Athenaze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/17300/Prentice-Hall-Series-in-Artificial-Intelligence" class="" >Prentice Hall Series in Artificial Intelligence</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/73407/Beast-Academy" class="" >Beast Academy</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/8314/The-Norton-Anthology-of-American-Literature-Sixth-Edition" class="" >The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Sixth Edition</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/7782/The-Norton-Anthology-of-American-Literature" class="" >The Norton Anthology of American Literature</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/12286/The-Norton-Anthology-of-World-Masterpieces" class="" >The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/18891/The-Morgan-Kaufmann-Series-in-Computer-Architecture-and-Design" class="" >The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Architecture and Design</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/343875/AoPS-Introductory-Curriculum" class="" >AoPS Introductory Curriculum</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/29344/McGraw-Hill-Series-in-Library-Education" class="" >McGraw-Hill Series in Library Education</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/27241/Cambridge-Latin-Course" class="" >Cambridge Latin Course</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/28336/Western-Civilization" class="" >Western Civilization</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/11661/Story-of-the-World" class="" >Story of the World</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/11177/America-A-Narrative-History-%5BTindall%5D" class="" >America: A Narrative History [Tindall]</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/19/Homers-Epic-Cycle" class="" >Homer's Epic Cycle</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/20277/The-Longman-Anthology-of-British-Literature" class="" >The Longman Anthology of British Literature</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/13363/Course-of-Theoretical-Physics" class="" >Course of Theoretical Physics</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/22932/Young-Explorer-Series" class="" >Young Explorer Series</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/11074/Joint-Association-of-Classical-Teachers-Greek-Course" class="" >Joint Association of Classical Teachers' Greek Course</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/10772/Reading-Greek" class="" >Reading Greek</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/38229/Introduction-to-Reference-Work" class="" >Introduction to Reference Work</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/35712/The-Western-Heritage" class="" >The Western Heritage</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/5480/501-Verbs" class="" >501 Verbs</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/42280/The-Unfinished-Nation" class="" >The Unfinished Nation</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/11653/College-Outline-Series" class="" >College Outline Series</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/372414/APA-Style-Guide" class="" >APA Style Guide</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/52656/Astronomy-Today-%5BChiasson-and-McMillan%5D" class="" >Astronomy Today [Chiasson and McMillan]</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/49506/MIT-Introductory-Physics" class="" >MIT Introductory Physics</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/43294/Calculus" class="" >Calculus</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/26303/Pearson-Studium-IT" class="" >Pearson Studium-IT</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/15814/Encountering-Biblical-Studies" class="" >Encountering Biblical Studies</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/10551/Life-of-Fred" class="" >Life of Fred</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/21406/International-Series-in-Pure-and-Applied-Mathematics" class="" >International Series in Pure and Applied Mathematics</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/22639/Addison-Wesley-Series-in-Computer-Science" class="" >Addison-Wesley Series in Computer Science</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/19269/The-Art-of-Electronics" class="" >The Art of Electronics</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/19909/ASIST-Monograph-Series" class="" >ASIST Monograph Series</a></div></div><div class="ltil_item " ><div><a href="/nseries/10057/Deitel-How-to-Program-Series" class="" >Deitel How to Program Series</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="greenbox"><div class="subjectlist"><h2 class="first">Related Tagmashes</h2><div id="u_d066a6e7" class="lt_itemlist"><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/non-fiction%2C%20textbook">non-fiction, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(200)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/reference%2C%20textbook">reference, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(181)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/science%2C%20textbook">science, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(179)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/math%2C%20textbook">math, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(122)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/history%2C%20textbook">history, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(111)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/engineering%2C%20textbook">engineering, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(107)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/grammar%2C%20textbook">grammar, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(100)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/biology%2C%20textbook">biology, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(93)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/biology%2C%20non-fiction%2C%20textbook">biology, non-fiction, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(83)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/physics%2C%20textbook">physics, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(82)</span></p></div><div id="u_6bfc1b55" class="rolldown" data-action="slide" data-more="show more" data-less="show less" data-all="show all 19" ><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/linguistics%2C%20textbook">linguistics, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(77)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/psychology%2C%20textbook">psychology, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(67)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/college%2C%20non-fiction%2C%20teaching">college, non-fiction, teaching</a>  <span class="count">(65)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/medicine%2C%20textbook">medicine, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(61)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/reference%2C%20textbook%2C%20writing">reference, textbook, writing</a>  <span class="count">(61)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/C%2C%20textbook">C, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(60)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/chemistry%2C%20textbook">chemistry, textbook</a>  <span class="count">(60)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/language%20arts%2C%20textbooks%2C%20writing">language arts, textbooks, writing</a>  <span class="count">(55)</span></p></div><div class="ltil_item " ><p><a href="/tag/essays%2C%20reference%2C%20textbook%2C%20writing">essays, reference, textbook, writing</a>  <span class="count">(54)</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="helpdrawer" data-helpurl="https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.librarything.com%2Fapi.php%3Fformat%3Djson%26action%3Dparse%26origin%3D%2A%26servedby%3D1%26page%3DHelpThing%3ATag" data-baseurl="https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.librarything.com%2Fapi.php%3Fformat%3Djson%26action%3Dparse%26origin%3D%2A%26servedby%3D1%26page%3D" ><a id="hdclose" href="#" onclick="lt.helpdrawer_close();return false;" class="greylink" title="Close Help"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-xmark"></i></a><div id="hdc"></div></div><footer class="lt2_footer bluelink"><div class="lt2_footer_links controlitems"><a href="#" id="stylepicker_switch" onclick="lt.stylepick_switch();return false;"><i class="fas fa-text-size"></i> Change Style</a><a class="footer_displaymode" data-dmode="0" title="Toggle Desktop Version" href="#" onclick="return lt.desktopversion();"><span id="footer_desktop"><i class="fas fa-desktop"></i>Desktop View</span><span id="footer_mobile"><i class="far fa-mobile-alt"></i>Mobile View</span></a></div><div class="lt2_footer_links"><a href="/" target="_top">Home</a><a href="/about" target="_top">About</a><a href="/contact" target="_top">Contact</a><a href="/privacy" target="_top">Privacy</a><a href="https://wiki.librarything.com/index.php/HelpThing:Tag" target="_top">Help</a></div><div class="lt2_footer_links small"><a href="https://blog.librarything.com" target="_blank">Blog</a><a href="https://wiki.librarything.com">WikiThing</a><a href="/commonknowledge/">Common Knowledge</a><a href="/ner">Early Reviewers</a><a href="/legacylibraries">Legacy Libraries</a><a href="/local">Local</a><a href="/developer">APIs</a><a href="https://www.librarycat.org/">TinyCat <i class="lti lti-tinycat"></i></a></div></footer><div id="lt2_stylepicker"><div id="lt2_stylepicker_close" onclick="lt.stylepick_switch();"><i aria-label="Close" class="fas fa-times"></i></div><a href="#" title="verdant_14" data-style="verdant_14" onclick="lt.stylepick('verdant_14');return false;" class="stylepicker_item alwaysblue selected ">Verdana Standard</a><a href="#" title="verdant_12" data-style="verdant_12" onclick="lt.stylepick('verdant_12');return false;" class="stylepicker_item alwaysblue ">Verdana Small</a><a href="#" title="verdant_tight_12" data-style="verdant_tight_12" onclick="lt.stylepick('verdant_tight_12');return false;" class="stylepicker_item alwaysblue ">The Lorax</a><a href="#" title="system_14" data-style="system_14" onclick="lt.stylepick('system_14');return false;" class="stylepicker_item alwaysblue ">System Standard</a><a href="#" title="system_15" data-style="system_15" onclick="lt.stylepick('system_15');return false;" class="stylepicker_item alwaysblue ">System Large</a><a href="#" title="georgia_14" data-style="georgia_14" onclick="lt.stylepick('georgia_14');return false;" class="stylepicker_item alwaysblue ">Georgia</a><a href="#" title="system_large" data-style="system_large" onclick="lt.stylepick('system_large');return false;" class="stylepicker_item alwaysblue ">Large Text</a><a href="#" title="atkinson_16" data-style="atkinson_16" onclick="lt.stylepick('atkinson_16');return false;" class="stylepicker_item alwaysblue ">Atkinson</a></div><div id="gdpr_notice" class=""><button class="btn" id="gdpr_closebutton" onclick="gdpr_notice_clicked();return false;">I Agree</button><div id="gdpr_content">This site uses cookies to deliver our services, improve performance, for analytics, and (if not signed in) for advertising. By using LibraryThing you acknowledge that you have read and understand our <a href="/privacy" class="alwaysblue">Terms of Service and Privacy Policy</a>. Your use of the site and services is subject to these policies and terms.</div></div></div><div id="lt2_page_overlay"></div><div id="bottomscripts"><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://image.librarything.com/js2/lt2_tabs.js?v=2" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://image.librarything.com/js/jquery.truncator.js?v=2" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://www.librarything.com//js/lt_utility.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://image.librarything.com/js/jquery.easing.1.3.js?v=2" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/lt2_popup.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://image.librarything.com/js2/imagesloaded.pkgd.js?v=2" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/lt_lightbox2020.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/lt_maxbox.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/addbooks_express.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/collections.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script loadpriority="high" data-bundle="lt2_deferred" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/ratings.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script> <script data-bundle="" src="https://www.librarything.com//js2/filterby.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script data-bundle="" src="https://www.librarything.com//js/tagpage.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script><script data-bundle="" src="https://www.librarything.com//commonknowledge/fwiki.js?v=5300" type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function showmore_tagtobook() { return false; /*$J('#tagtobook_inner').html(''); var url = "/inc_tagtobook.php?tag=textbook&ajax=1&raw=" + raw; basic_ajax_updater(url, '', 'tagtobook' );*/ } function loadtagwatch_work(page) { var url = '/ajax_tagwatch_tag.php?page=' + page + '&tagsS=textbook'; params = {}; basic_ajax( url, params, function(r) { console.log('------'); var json = JSON.parse(r.responseText); if( json.hascontentB ) { $J("#recentlytagged").show(); $J("#tagwatch_work").html(json.contents); } }); //fancy_ajax_updater(url, '', 'tagwatch_work'); } </script> <script data-bundle="lt2_bottomscripts_scriptLinesA" type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $J(function() { tag_relatedtags("u_cde4785f"); loadtagwatch_work(0); loadNewShelf("tagtobook","u_2c7ca98f",-1,0,0,0,0); }); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-3FXSBC8C5V"></script> <script> window.lt2_prod = 'lt2'; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} if (window.lt2_prod === 'talpa') { gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'granted', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'granted' }); } else { let consent_settingsA = {"ad_storage":"denied","analytics_storage":"denied"}; var consent_setting = 'denied'; gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': consent_settingsA.ad_storage, 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': consent_settingsA.analytics_storage }); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-3FXSBC8C5V'); //gtag('config', 'LTNonMember'); // global_domain = </script> </div><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8f0422a1da1ea071',t:'MTczMzkwNjA2NC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script>