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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فھرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">تعارف</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-تفصيلي_تعارف" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تفصيلي_تعارف"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>تفصيلي تعارف</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تفصيلي_تعارف-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-مادي_جون_حالتون" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مادي_جون_حالتون"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>مادي جون حالتون</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مادي_جون_حالتون-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>حوالا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فھرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">مادو</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ڪنھن مضمون ڏانھن ڪنھن ٻي ٻوليءَ ۾ وڃو. 139 ٻولين ۾ موجود آھي" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 ٻوليون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie" title="Materie – آفريڪي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Materie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="آفريڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%81%E1%88%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8D" title="ቁስ አካል – امهاري" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቁስ አካል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="امهاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पदार्थ – انجيڪا" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="انجيڪا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="مادة – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="مادة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مادة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – اسٽورين" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٽورين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiya_(fizika)" title="Materiya (fizika) – آزربائيجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Materiya (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آزربائيجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="ماده (فیزیک) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماده (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materya" title="Materya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Materya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Матэрыя (фізіка) – بيلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Матэрыя (фізіка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بيلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Материя (физика) – بلغاريائي" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Материя (физика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पदार्थ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ဒြပ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဒြပ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5" title="পদার্থ – بنگلا" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদার্থ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="དངོས་པོ། – تبيتائي" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངོས་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="تبيتائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materija" title="Materija – بوسنيائي" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Materija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ria" title="Matèria – ڪيٽالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Matèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ڪيٽالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%ACk-c%C3%A9k" title="Ŭk-cék – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭk-cék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butang" title="Butang – سبوانو" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Butang" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="سبوانو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%8A" title="ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ – چروڪي" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="چروڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95" title="ماددە – مرڪزي ڪردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماددە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="مرڪزي ڪردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmota" title="Hmota – چيڪ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hmota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چيڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Йăмлăх (физика) – چو واش" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йăмлăх (физика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چو واش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mater" title="Mater – ويلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mater" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stof_(fysik)" title="Stof (fysik) – ڊينش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stof (fysik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڊينش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie_(Physik)" title="Materie (Physik) – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Materie (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8E%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Ύλη – يوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ύλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="يوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter" title="Matter – انگريزي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Matter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگريزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materio" title="Materio – ايسپرانٽو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Materio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ايسپرانٽو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aine_(f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika)" title="Aine (füüsika) – ايستونائي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aine (füüsika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ايستونائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – باسق" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="ماده (فیزیک) – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماده (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aine" title="Aine – فنش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateeri%C3%A4" title="Mateeriä – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mateeriä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re" title="Matière – فرانسيسي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Matière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسيسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matearje" title="Matearje – مغربي فريشن" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Matearje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="مغربي فريشن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damhna" title="Damhna – آئرش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Damhna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="آئرش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maty%C3%A8r" title="Matyèr – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Matyèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – گليشئين" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گليشئين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27e" title="Mba'e – گواراني" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'e" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="گواراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%CC%8Dt-ch%E1%B9%B3t" title="Vu̍t-chṳt – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vu̍t-chṳt" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="חומר – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पदार्थ – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materija" title="Materija – ڪروشيائي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Materija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ڪروشيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyag_(fizika)" title="Anyag (fizika) – هنگري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anyag (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنگري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1)" title="Մատերիա (ֆիզիկա) – ارماني" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մատերիա (ֆիզիկա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – انٽرلنگئا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="انٽرلنگئا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi" title="Materi – انڊونيشي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Materi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڊونيشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materio" title="Materio – ادو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Materio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ادو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia_(fisica)" title="Materia (fisica) – اطالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Materia (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="物質 – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物質" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/marji" title="marji – لوجبين" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="marji" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="لوجبين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ri" title="Matèri – جاونيز" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Matèri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="جاونيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მატერია – جارجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მატერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanga" title="Tanga – ڪبائل" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tanga" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ڪبائل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Зат – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB" title="រូបធាតុ – خمر" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រូបធាតុ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="خمر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ದ್ರವ್ಯ – ڪناڊا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದ್ರವ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ڪناڊا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" title="물질 – ڪوريائي" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물질" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ڪوريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8E%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="پَدارتھ – ڪشميري" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پَدارتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ڪشميري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_(k%C3%AEmya)" title="Made (kîmya) – ڪردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Made (kîmya)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ڪردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Материя (физика) – ڪرغيز" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Материя (физика)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ڪرغيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia_(physica)" title="Materia (physica) – لاطيني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Materia (physica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabuzimbe" title="Nabuzimbe – گاندا" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Nabuzimbe" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="گاندا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateia" title="Mateia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mateia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materija_(fizika)" title="Materija (fizika) – ليٿونيائي" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Materija (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليٿونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C4%93rija" title="Matērija – لاتوين" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Matērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لاتوين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi" title="Materi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Materi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaka" title="Zaka – ملاگاسي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ملاگاسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi" title="Materi – مناڪابوا" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Materi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="مناڪابوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Материја – ميسي ڊونيائي" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Материја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ميسي ڊونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ദ്രവ്യം – مليالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ്രവ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مليالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Бодис – منگولي" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бодис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منگولي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पदार्थ – مراٺي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراٺي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirim" title="Jirim – ملي" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jirim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9ria" title="Matéria – مرانڊيز" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Matéria" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="مرانڊيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ဒြပ် – برمي" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Аваулемкс – ايريزيا" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Аваулемкс" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ايريزيا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie" title="Materie – لو جرمن" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Materie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="لو جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पदार्थ – نيپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نيپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पदार्थ – نيواري" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نيواري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie" title="Materie – ڊچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Materie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڊچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie" title="Materie – نارويائي نيوناسڪ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Materie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نارويائي نيوناسڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie" title="Materie – نارويائي بوڪمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Materie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارويائي بوڪمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie" title="Materie – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Materie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ria" title="Matèria – آڪسيٽن" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Matèria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="آڪسيٽن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watana" title="Watana – اورومو" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Watana" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="اورومو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5" title="ପଦାର୍ଥ – اوڊيا" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପଦାର୍ଥ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="اوڊيا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5" title="ਪਦਾਰਥ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਦਾਰਥ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – پاپي امينٽو" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="پاپي امينٽو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substancja_(fizyka)" title="Substancja (fizyka) – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Substancja (fizyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%81" title="مادہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مادہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="ماده – پشتو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماده" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="پشتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9ria" title="Matéria – پورٽگليز" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Matéria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورٽگليز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imayay" title="Imayay – ڪيچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Imayay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ڪيچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie" title="Materie – روماني" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Materie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="روماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Вещество – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вещество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D)" title="द्रव्यम् (भौतविज्ञानम्) – سنسڪرت" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="द्रव्यम् (भौतविज्ञानम्)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="سنسڪرت" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Материя – ساخا" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Материя" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ساخا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiter" title="Maiter – اسڪاٽس" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Maiter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="اسڪاٽس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materija" title="Materija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Materija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%BA" title="පදාර්ථය – سنهالا" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පදාර්ථය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="سنهالا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter" title="Matter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Matter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmota_(fyzika)" title="Hmota (fyzika) – سلواڪي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hmota (fyzika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلواڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%AA%DB%92_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="میٹر تے ایندیاں قسماں – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="میٹر تے ایندیاں قسماں" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snov" title="Snov – سلوويني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Snov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوويني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhakatwa" title="Mhakatwa – شونا" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhakatwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="شونا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maatar" title="Maatar – سومالي" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Maatar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="سومالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABnda" title="Lënda – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lënda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Материја – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Материја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9ri" title="Matéri – سوڊاني" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Matéri" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوڊاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – سويڊش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سويڊش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maada" title="Maada – سواحيلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maada" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحيلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பருப்பொருள் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பருப்பொருள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="పదార్థము – تلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పదార్థము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Модда (физика) – تاجڪ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Модда (физика)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="تاجڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="สสาร – ٿائي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สสาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ٿائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materya" title="Materya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Materya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madde" title="Madde – ترڪش" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madde" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترڪش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaka-Swilo" title="Xiaka-Swilo – سونگا" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Xiaka-Swilo" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="سونگا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Матерія (фізика) – يوڪراني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Матерія (фізика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="يوڪراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%81" title="مادہ – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مادہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiya" title="Materiya – ازبڪ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Materiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia" title="Materia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Materia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Vật chất – ويتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật chất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ويتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materie" title="Materie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Materie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materya" title="Materya – واري" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Materya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="واري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne-ne" title="Ne-ne – وولوف" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ne-ne" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="وولوف" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="物質 – وو چيني" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物質" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מאטריאל – يدش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאטריאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يدش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88l%C3%B2" title="Èlò – يوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èlò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="يوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质 – چيني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物质" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="物質 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="物質" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%CC%8Dt-chit" title="Bu̍t-chit – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bu̍t-chit" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="物質 – ڪينٽونيز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物質" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ڪينٽونيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTho" title="UTho – زولو" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UTho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="زولو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35758#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بين‌الزباني ڳنڍڻا سنواريو" class="wbc-editpage">ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نانءُپولارَ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="مواد جي صفحي کي ڏسو [c]" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CiteThisPage&page=%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88&id=290405&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ھن صفحي جو حوالو ڪيئن ڏجي بابت معلومات"><span>ھن صفحي جو حوالو ڏيو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588"><span>مختصر یوآرایل وٺو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsd.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588"><span>ڪيوآر ڪوڊ ڊائونلوڊ ڪريو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ڇاپيو/برآمديو </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width:22em;"><caption class="" style=""><b>مادو</b></caption><tbody><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Quartz_oisan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/200px-Quartz_oisan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/300px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Quartz_oisan.jpg/400px-Quartz_oisan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="4031" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Drop_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Drop_closeup.jpg/200px-Drop_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Drop_closeup.jpg/300px-Drop_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Drop_closeup.jpg/400px-Drop_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="850" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:NO2-N2O4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NO2-N2O4.jpg/200px-NO2-N2O4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NO2-N2O4.jpg/300px-NO2-N2O4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/NO2-N2O4.jpg/400px-NO2-N2O4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="525" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Plasma-lamp_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plasma-lamp_2.jpg/200px-Plasma-lamp_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plasma-lamp_2.jpg/300px-Plasma-lamp_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Plasma-lamp_2.jpg/400px-Plasma-lamp_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="1609" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;">مادي جون عام طور تي ٽي حالتون ھونديون آھن نھرو (solid)، پٽڙو(liquid) ۽ گيس (gas). ڪڏهن ڪڏهن مادي جو چوٿين حالت پلازما (plasma) به سمجھي ويندي آھي. تصويرن ۾ مٿان کان هيٺ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BD%D8%B1%D8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ڪوارٽرز (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">ڪوارٽرز</a> (quartz) بطور نھرو يا ٺوس (solid)، <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%8A" title="پاڻي">پاڻي</a> بطور پٽڙو (liquid) ۽ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86_%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A2%DA%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="نائٽروجن ڊاء آڪسائيڊ (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">نائٽروجن ڊاء آڪسائيڊ</a> بطور گيس (gas). ان کان علاوه پلازما گلوب بطور پلازما ڏيکاريل آھن</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>مادو</b> (matter) مان مراد اھو عنصر آھي  جنهن مان تمام مادي واريون شيون ٺھيل ھونديون آھن وصف مطابق اھا شيءِ جيڪا وزن رکي ۽ جاءِ والاري ان کي مادو چئبو آهي. </p> <pre>"مادو نه ته پيدا ڪري سگهجي ٿو ۽ نه ئي ختم ٿي سگهجي ٿو. پر ان کي ھڪڙي حالت مان ٻي حالت ۾ بدلائي سگهجي ٿو." </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تفصيلي_تعارف"><span id=".D8.AA.D9.81.D8.B5.D9.8A.D9.84.D9.8A_.D8.AA.D8.B9.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.81"></span>تفصيلي تعارف</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88&action=edit&section=1" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: تفصيلي تعارف"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>قدیم یونانی فلاسفرن سڀ کان پھريون اھو ڄاڻڻ جي ڪوشش ڪي ته دنيا ڪھڙي شي۽ جي ٺھيل آھي. انھن بنیادی ذرڙي جو نالو ایٽم رکيو جيڪو اج تائين رائج آھي. جيڪڏھن توھان هيڏانهن هوڏانهن نظر ڊوڙائيندو ته توھان کي سوين قسمن جون شيون نظر اينديون. ان ۾ ڪجهه نھريون، ڪجهه پٽڙيون ۽ ڪجهه گيسون آھن. اھي مادي جون ٽي مختلف صورتون آھن، جيڪي بظاھر ھڪ ٻئي کان مختلف آھن، پر اندروني طور تي ايئن نه آھن. بنيادی طور تي اھي ھڪ ئي جھڙن ذرڙن جون ٺھيل آھن، جنھن کي ايٽم چئبو آھي. </p><p>ھر اھا شئي جيڪا وزن رکي ۽ جاء ولاري ان کي مادو چئبو آهي. مادي جي ھر ان قسم ۾ جنھن جون خاصيتون ان پوري نموني ۾ ساڳيون ھجن اھو مادو خالص شئي سڏيو ويندو آهي. مثال: لوڻ، کنڊ، سون وغيره. کنڊ جي ھڪ قلم يا داڻي (Crystal) جو ذائقو رنگ ۽ شڪل ٻين قلمن يا داڻن جھڙو ھوندو آھي. </p><p>سڀ کان پھريون سال 1808ع ۾ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مانچسٽر (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">مانچسٽر</a> جي ھڪ اسڪول ماسٽر <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BD%D9%86" title="جان ڊالٽن">جان ڊالٽن</a> ايٽمی نظريو پيش ڪيو، جنھن جي بنياد <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="رياضي">ریاضي</a> تي ھئي. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مادي_جون_حالتون"><span id=".D9.85.D8.A7.D8.AF.D9.8A_.D8.AC.D9.88.D9.86_.D8.AD.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AA.D9.88.D9.86"></span>مادي جون حالتون</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88&action=edit&section=2" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: مادي جون حالتون"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>مادي جون بنيادی طور تي چار حالتون ھونديون آھن. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="گيس">گيس</a> (Gas]</li> <li>پٽڙو (Liquid)</li> <li>نھرو (Solid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پلازما">پلازما</a> (Plasma)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالا"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A7"></span>حوالا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88&action=edit&section=3" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: حوالا"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=مادو&oldid=290405">https://sd.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=مادو&oldid=290405</a>" تان ورتل</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="خاص:زمرا">زمرا</a>: <ul><li><a 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