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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-辨義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#辨義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>辨義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-辨義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-概論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>概論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">苦行僧</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。43种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88" title="السادهو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السادهو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81" title="সাধু – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সাধু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83" title="Садху – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Садху" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81_(%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE)" title="সাধু (ভারতীয় ধর্ম) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাধু (ভারতীয় ধর্ম)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1dhu" title="Sádhu – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sádhu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saduo" title="Saduo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saduo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81dhu" title="Sādhu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sādhu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="مرتاض – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرتاض" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2dhu" title="Sâdhu – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sâdhu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%81" title="સાધુ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સાધુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81" title="साधु – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साधु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1dhu" title="Szádhu – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szádhu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadu_(Hinduisme)" title="Sadu (Hinduisme) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sadu (Hinduisme)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC" title="サドゥー – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サドゥー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3" title="სადჰუ – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სადჰუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%81" title="ಸಾಧು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾಧು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%91%90" title="사두 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사두" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhus" title="Sadhus – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sadhus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B6" title="مرتاض – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مرتاض" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81" title="साधु – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="साधु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhoe" title="Sadhoe – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sadhoe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A7-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਸਾਧ-ਸੰਤ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਧ-ਸੰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83" title="Садху – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Садху" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sadhu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சாதுக்கள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாதுக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8" title="สาธุ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadu" title="Sadu – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sadu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83" title="Садху – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Садху" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%88" title="سادھو – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سادھو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7" title="苦行僧 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="苦行僧" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年4月28日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7%22">"苦行僧"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naga_Sadhu_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2813.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Naga_Sadhu_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2813.JPG/220px-Naga_Sadhu_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2813.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Naga_Sadhu_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2813.JPG/330px-Naga_Sadhu_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2813.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Naga_Sadhu_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2813.JPG/440px-Naga_Sadhu_-_Gangasagar_Fair_Transit_Camp_-_Kolkata_2013-01-12_2813.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>一名印度教苦行僧。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baba_in_Kathmandu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Baba_in_Kathmandu.jpg/220px-Baba_in_Kathmandu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Baba_in_Kathmandu.jpg/330px-Baba_in_Kathmandu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Baba_in_Kathmandu.jpg/440px-Baba_in_Kathmandu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="尼泊爾">尼泊爾</a>一名席地而坐的苦行僧。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>苦行僧</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="梵語">梵語</a>：<span lang="sa">sādhu</span>（男性）；<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">sādhvī</span>或<span lang="sa-Latn" title="國際梵語轉寫字母" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">sādhvīne</span>（女性））是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="印度宗教">印度宗教</a>盛行的修練方式，流行於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="婆羅門教">婆羅門教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a>等。今日多指刻苦修道的各種宗教人士。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>的「僧」，可以泛指各種宗教人士，並不一定是佛教僧人。 </p><p>除了印度宗教，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督宗教">基督宗教</a>的許多<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="聖人">聖人</a>也主張<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%85%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="禁慾主義">禁慾主義</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">ascēticus</span>），如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84" title="亞西西的方濟各">聖方濟各</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C" title="聖瓦西里">聖瓦西里</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="辨義"><span id=".E8.BE.A8.E7.BE.A9"></span>辨義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：辨義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>「苦行僧」一詞容易被誤解，認為單指佛教在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A2%E6%9E%97" title="叢林">叢林</a>隱修的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="頭陀">頭陀</a>。其實<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C" title="苦行">苦行</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="僧">僧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%99%80" class="mw-redirect" title="頭陀">頭陀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98" title="比丘">比丘</a>等詞的出現，都比佛教的創始還早，都來自於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="婆羅門教">婆羅門教</a>等古印度宗教。而佛教雖然允許苦行僧的修行方式，但並非提倡苦行，而更多的主張<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="中道">中道</a>。故凡苦行僧，多以印度教、耆那教等居多，佛教苦行僧著<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%88%E8%A3%9F" title="袈裟">袈裟</a>、剃髮的形象與其差別也很大。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概論"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.AB.96"></span>概論</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：概論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="古印度">古印度</a>常有苦行僧蓬頭垢面、衣衫襤褸，帶著象徵<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%A9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="濕婆">濕婆</a>的三叉杖，邊走邊吟誦古經文，露宿<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A2%E6%9E%97" title="叢林">叢林</a>。苦行僧必須忍受常人認為是痛苦的事，如自我<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E7%BD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="體罰">體罰</a>、長期<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="斷食">斷食</a>、減少飲水、躺在佈滿釘子的床上、行走在火熱的木炭上、忍受酷熱嚴寒，甚至飲食穢物等事情，來鍛鍊忍耐力和離慾。 </p><p>一般<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="婆羅門">婆羅門</a>尊崇苦行僧，因為大多數的婆羅門都不是苦行僧。<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a>有兩派別，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE" title="天衣派">天衣派</a>主張苦行，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白衣派（页面不存在）">白衣派</a>不主張苦行。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="釋迦牟尼">釋迦牟尼</a>成佛前曾修苦行，「晝便入林中。夜便露坐……至冢間。取彼死人之衣。而覆形體……日食一麻一米。形體劣弱。骸骨相連。頂上生瘡。皮肉自墮。猶如敗壞瓠盧……」<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。後來發現修苦行並不能達到<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%8A%E6%AD%A3%E7%AD%89%E6%AD%A3%E8%A6%BA" title="無上正等正覺">無上正等正覺</a>，於是轉以其他方法修行<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BD%9B" title="成佛">成佛</a>。釋迦牟尼佛曾在優羅毗羅村收五名苦行僧為弟子，此為佛經上記載的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E8%BD%AC%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE" title="初转法轮">初轉法輪</a>」。 </p><p>印度聖雄<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="甘地">甘地</a>一生多次<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E9%A3%9F" title="絕食">絕食</a>，生活極盡簡樸，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="英國首相">英國首相</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="丘吉爾">丘吉爾</a>稱他是「半裸的苦行僧」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C%E5%83%A7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sadhus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sadhus"><span style="font-weight:bold;">苦行僧</span></a></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《增一<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93" title="阿含經">阿含經</a>》</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="Template:印度神話"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="Template talk:印度神話"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:印度神話"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="16px_印度神話和印度教经典_16px" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/16px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/24px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/32px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="印度教神话">印度神話</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>经典 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/16px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/24px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/32px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">教義</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">世界观</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="印度教神话">印度教神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%9C%A8" title="自在">自在</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5" title="梵">梵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">解脱</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#fff4e2;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99)" title="我 (印度教)">我</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%80%B6_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="摩耶 (印度哲学)">摩耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD" title="業">業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E" title="轮回">轮回</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">伦理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%B3" title="不害">不害</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%A1%8C" title="梵行">梵行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%A6_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8)" title="諦 (印度哲學)">谛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8)" title="法 (印度哲學)">达摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E8%A1%8C" title="苦行">苦行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%88%E6%96%BD" title="佈施">佈施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90" title="夏克提">性力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E9%82%A3" title="瓦爾那">瓦爾那</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/100px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/150px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/200px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">学派</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#fff4e2;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">印度哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AD%E6%B4%BE%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="古印度六派哲學">古印度六派哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="数论 (印度哲学)">数论学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD" title="瑜伽">瑜伽学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9C%E8%AE%BA" title="胜论">胜论学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="正理论">正理论学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E6%AA%80%E5%A4%9A" title="吠檀多">吠檀多學派</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">體系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%A9%86_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1)" title="提婆 (印度神話)">提婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E4%BA%BA_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" title="仙人 (印度神话)">仙人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BF%AE%E7%BD%97_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" title="阿修罗 (印度神话)">阿修罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%89%8E" title="羅剎">羅剎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%97%BC%E5%A9%86" title="乾闼婆">乾闼婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E5%8F%89" title="夜叉">夜叉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E6%A5%BC%E7%BD%97" title="迦楼罗">迦楼罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%BC%BD" title="那伽">那伽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%88%8D%E9%81%AE" title="毕舍遮">毕舍遮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A7%E9%82%A3%E7%BD%97" title="紧那罗">紧那罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E7%A5%9E" title="三相神">三相神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E8%AD%B7%E6%B3%95" title="方位護法">方位護法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%91%A9" title="蘇摩">蘇摩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">神祇</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#fff4e2;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E5%A4%A9" title="梵天">梵天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E6%B9%BF%E5%A5%B4" title="毗湿奴">毗湿奴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%A9%86" title="湿婆">湿婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%A9%86" class="mw-disambig" title="提婆">提婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E9%87%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="帝釋">帝釋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%81%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B" title="持國天王">持國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%98%E6%A8%93%E5%8B%92%E5%8F%89" class="mw-redirect" title="毘樓勒叉">增長</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%98%E6%A8%93%E5%8D%9A%E5%8F%89" class="mw-redirect" title="毘樓博叉">廣目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%98%E6%B2%99%E9%96%80%E5%A4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="毘沙門天">多聞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E9%99%80%E7%BE%85" title="因陀羅">因陀羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%80%86%E5%B0%BC" title="阿耆尼">阿耆尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%90%E6%A5%BC%E6%8B%BF" title="伐楼拿">伐楼拿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E9%A9%AC%E7%AB%A5" title="双马童">双马童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%A4%9A%E7%BD%97" title="密多罗">密多罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%90%E7%94%B1" title="伐由">伐由</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%BB%E6%91%A9" title="閻摩">閻摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E6%91%A9" title="伽摩">伽摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%98%E9%A6%96%E7%BE%AF%E7%A3%A8" title="毘首羯磨">毗首羯磨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B1%E6%AF%97%E7%BE%85" title="俱毗羅">俱毗羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6" title="蘇利耶">蘇利耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8A%9B%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9" title="大力罗摩">大力羅摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E9%99%80%E7%BD%97" title="楼陀罗">樓陀罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%A4%B4%E7%A5%9E" title="象头神">象头神</a>（迦尼什）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%BB%BA%E9%99%80" title="室建陀">室建陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%A9" title="黑天">黑天</a>（奎师那）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%80%E6%B9%BF%E5%A4%9A" title="陀湿多">陀湿多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%BB" title="生主">生主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%99%E4%BA%BA" title="祭主仙人">祭主仙人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF" title="特尤斯">特尤斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%A5%B4%E6%9B%BC" title="哈奴曼">哈奴曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%AF%E6%89%8D%E5%A4%A9%E5%A5%B3" title="辯才天女">辯才天女</a>（萨拉斯瓦蒂）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%A4%A9%E5%A5%B3" title="吉祥天女">吉祥天女</a>（拉克什米）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%B3" title="雪山神女">雪山神女</a>（帕尔瓦蒂）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%BE%E8%BF%91%E6%AF%8D" title="难近母">难近母</a>（杜尔迦）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%AF%8D" title="时母">时母</a>（迦梨）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%B2%B3%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E" title="恒河女神">恒河女神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E8%84%82" title="舍脂">舍脂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%BB%B6%E5%A4%A9%E5%A5%B3" title="广延天女">广延天女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%90%E6%A5%BC%E5%B0%BC" title="伐楼尼">伐楼尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%A9" title="地天">地天</a>（頗哩提毗）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%8E%8E%E6%96%AF" title="乌莎斯">乌莎斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E6%AF%97" title="提毗">提毗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%8F%89%E5%A5%B3" title="药叉女">药叉女</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">文献經典</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="吠陀">吠陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E4%B9%A6" title="梵书">梵书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E4%B9%A6" title="森林书">森林书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E4%B9%89%E4%B9%A6" title="奥义书">奥义书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%84%E4%BC%BD%E6%A2%B5%E6%AD%8C" title="薄伽梵歌">薄伽梵歌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E6%94%AF" title="吠陀支">吠陀支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%80%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%A6" title="往世书">往世书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" 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