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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Musical life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Commemoration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Streets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Streets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Streets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Streets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theaters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theaters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Theaters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theaters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Compositions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compositions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Compositions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Waltzes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waltzes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Waltzes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waltzes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexander Griboyedov</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81" title="ألكسندر غريبايدوف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر غريبايدوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Qriboyedov" title="Aleksandr Qriboyedov – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleksandr Qriboyedov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Аляксандр Сяргеевіч Грыбаедаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляксандр Сяргеевіч Грыбаедаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александър Грибоедов – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър Грибоедов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Griboi%C3%A9dov" title="Aleksandr Griboiédov – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aleksandr Griboiédov" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Грибоедов Александр Сергеевич – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грибоедов Александр Сергеевич" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Gribojedov" title="Alexandr Sergejevič Gribojedov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexandr Sergejevič Gribojedov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Sergejewitsch_Gribojedow" title="Alexander Sergejewitsch Gribojedow – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander Sergejewitsch Gribojedow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%86" title="Αλεξάντρ Γκριμπογέντοφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλεξάντρ Γκριμπογέντοφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Griboy%C3%A9dov" title="Aleksandr Griboyédov – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aleksandr Griboyédov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandro_Gribojedov" title="Aleksandro Gribojedov – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aleksandro Gribojedov" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Griboedov" title="Aleksandr Griboedov – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aleksandr Griboedov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81" title="الکساندر گریبایدوف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر گریبایدوف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Gribo%C3%AFedov" title="Alexandre Griboïedov – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandre Griboïedov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%98%88%EB%8F%84%ED%94%84" title="알렉산드르 그리보예도프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산드르 그리보예도프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Ալեքսանդր Գրիբոյեդով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեքսանդր Գրիբոյեդով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Gribojedov" title="Aleksandr Sergejevič Gribojedov – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleksandr Sergejevič Gribojedov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Sergeyevich_Griboyedov" title="Aleksandr Sergeyevich Griboyedov – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aleksandr Sergeyevich Griboyedov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Sergeevi%C4%8D_Griboedov" title="Aleksandr Sergeevič Griboedov – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aleksandr Sergeevič Griboedov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%91" title="אלכסנדר גריבוידוב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר גריבוידוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ალექსანდრე გრიბოედოვი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალექსანდრე გრიბოედოვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Грибоедов – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Александр Грибоедов" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Griboedov" title="Alexander Griboedov – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander Griboedov" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandrs_Gribojedovs" title="Aleksandrs Gribojedovs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aleksandrs Gribojedovs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alekszandr_Szergejevics_Gribojedov" title="Alekszandr Szergejevics Gribojedov – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alekszandr Szergejevics Gribojedov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81" title="الكسندر جريبايدوف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر جريبايدوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Грибоедов – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Александр Грибоедов" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Gribojedov" title="Aleksandr Gribojedov – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aleksandr Gribojedov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%95" title="アレクサンドル・グリボエードフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンドル・グリボエードフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Грибоедов, Александр Сергеевич – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Грибоедов, Александр Сергеевич" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Griboyedov" title="Aleksandr Griboyedov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aleksandr Griboyedov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Gribojedow" title="Aleksandr Gribojedow – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleksandr Gribojedow" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Griboiedov" title="Alexandr Griboiedov – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexandr Griboiedov" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Griboedov" title="Aleksandr Griboedov – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aleksandr Griboedov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Грибоедов, Александр Сергеевич – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грибоедов, Александр Сергеевич" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Gribojedov" title="Alexandr Sergejevič Gribojedov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alexandr Sergejevič Gribojedov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александар Грибоједов – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александар Грибоједов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Gribojedov" title="Aleksandr Gribojedov – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aleksandr Gribojedov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Gribojedov" title="Aleksandr Gribojedov – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aleksandr Gribojedov" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Грибоедов – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Александр Грибоедов" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александр Грибоедов – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Александр Грибоедов" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Griboyedov" title="Aleksandr Griboyedov – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aleksandr Griboyedov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Грибоєдов Олександр Сергійович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грибоєдов Олександр Сергійович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E9%B2%8D%E8%80%B6%E9%99%80%E5%A4%AB" title="亚历山大·格里鲍耶陀夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚历山大·格里鲍耶陀夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksander_Griboyedov&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Griboyedov">Aleksander Griboyedov</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian diplomat, playwright, poet and composer (1795-1829)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Alexander Griboyedov</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Griboyedov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Griboyedov.jpg/220px-Griboyedov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Griboyedov.jpg/330px-Griboyedov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Griboyedov.jpg/440px-Griboyedov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Posthumous portrait (1873) by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kramskoi" title="Ivan Kramskoi">Ivan Kramskoi</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ambassador_to_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ambassador to Iran">Russian Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">Iran</span></a> </th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1828<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1829</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1795-01-04</span>)</span>4 January 1795<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 February 1829<span style="display:none">(1829-02-11)</span> (aged 34)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Russian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nino_Chavchavadze" title="Nino Chavchavadze">Nino Chavchavadze</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Moscow_University" title="Imperial Moscow University">Imperial Moscow University (1808)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Diplomat, playwright, poet, and composer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Griboyedov_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alexander Griboyedov's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Griboyedov_Signature.svg/128px-Griboyedov_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Griboyedov_Signature.svg/192px-Griboyedov_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Griboyedov_Signature.svg/256px-Griboyedov_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Александр Сергеевич Грибоедов</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Aleksandr Sergeevich Griboedov</i></span>; 15 January 1795 – 11 February 1829)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a Russian <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a>. His one notable work is the 1823 verse comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Woe_from_Wit" title="Woe from Wit">Woe from Wit</a></i>. He was Russia's ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar Persia</a>, where he and all the embassy staff were massacred by an angry mob in the aftermath of the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a> (1828), which confirmed the cession to Russia of Persia's northern territories comprising <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Transcaucasia</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a>. Griboyedov played a pivotal role in the ratification of the treaty. The immediate cause for the incident was Griboyedov giving refuge to Armenians who had escaped from the harems of the Persian shah and his son. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Griboyedov was born in Moscow, the exact year unknown, with biographers debating whether it was in 1790 or 1795. He received a master's degree in <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a> from <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow University</a>, and subsequently enrolled in the doctorate program. In 1812, he quit the program and enrolled in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He obtained a commission in a <a href="/wiki/Hussar" title="Hussar">hussar</a> regiment, which he resigned in 1816. The next year, he entered the <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a>. In 1818 he was appointed secretary of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Legation" title="Legation">legation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Persia</a>, and transferred to <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He possessed musical talent, played the piano and composed several waltzes. Only two of his waltzes survive to the present day, although it is recorded that he composed several, including vaudevilles in association with stage plays. He is best known for his literary compositions and poetic verses. </p><p>His <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">verse</a> comedy <i>The Young Spouses</i> (Russian: <span lang="ru">Молодые супруги</span>, <i>Molodye Suprugi</i>), loosely based on a French play by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Creuz%C3%A9_de_Lesser" title="Auguste Creuzé de Lesser">Auguste Creuzé de Lesser</a>, which Griboyedov staged in Saint Petersburg in 1816, was followed by other similar works, mostly either translated or co-authored with more experienced writers of the day. Neither these nor his essays and poetry would have been long remembered but for the success of his verse comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Woe_from_Wit" title="Woe from Wit">Woe from Wit</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Горе от ума</span>, <i>Gore ot uma</i>), a satire on Russian <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocratic</a> society.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a high official in the play puts it, this work is "a <a href="/wiki/Pasquinade" title="Pasquinade">pasquinade</a> on Moscow". The play depicts certain social and official stereotypes in the characters of Famusov, who hates reform; his secretary, Molchalin, who fawns over officials; and the aristocratic young liberal and <a href="/wiki/Anglomania" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglomania">Anglomaniac</a>, Repetilov. By contrast the hero of the piece, Chatsky, an ironic satirist just returned from western Europe, exposes and ridicules the weaknesses of the rest. His words echo the outcry of the young generation in the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrist revolt</a> of 1825.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Russia for the summer of 1823, Griboyedov completed the play and took it to Saint Petersburg. It was rejected by the censors. Many copies were made and privately circulated, but Griboyedov never saw it published.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death the manuscript was jointly owned by his wife <a href="/wiki/Nino_Chavchavadze" title="Nino Chavchavadze">Nina Alexandrovna Griboyedova</a> and his sister <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sergeyevna_Durnovo_(Griboyedova)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova)">Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first edition was not published until 1833, four years after his death. Only once did he see it on the stage, when it was performed by the officers of the garrison at <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>. Soured by disappointment, he returned to Georgia. During the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828</a>, he put his linguistic expertise at the service of general <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Paskevich" title="Ivan Paskevich">Ivan Paskevich</a>, a relative. After this, he was sent to Saint Petersburg where he worked on the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a> negotiations. There, thinking to devote himself to literature, he started work on a romantic drama, <i>A Georgian Night</i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Грузинская ночь</span>, <i>Gruzinskaya noch</i>), based on Georgian legends.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_life">Musical life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Musical life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexander Griboyedov's education was not only extensive, continuing into doctoral work before shifting to military training, but had included musical study as well. Although producing only a small number of works during his lifetime, he was well experienced in an array of instruments including piano, organ, and flute. During his musical study, it is recorded that he studied with the Irish pianist, composer, and ostensible "creator" of the nocturne form <a href="/wiki/John_Field_(composer)" title="John Field (composer)">John Field</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Heinrich Müller">Johann Heinrich Müller</a> in the field of music theory.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grioboyedov was regarded as a "very good musician" by the likes of <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Mikhail Glinka</a>, and had routine salons at his residence which were attended by many musical luminaries of his time, although relatively minor in the contemporary decade, including <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Odoevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Odoevsky">Vladimir Odoevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alyabyev" title="Alexander Alyabyev">Alexander Alyabyev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Vielgorsky" title="Mikhail Vielgorsky">Mikhail Vielgorsky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Verstovsky" title="Alexey Verstovsky">Alexey Verstovsky</a>. </p><p>Out of work as a composer, only two compositions survive to the present, those being his two waltzes in A-flat major and E minor. He is known to have composed the musical score to the opera-vaudeville (or operetta) called "Who is a Brother, Who is a Sister, or Deception for Deception" (1824), written by the composer himself in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Vyazemsky" title="Pyotr Vyazemsky">Pyotr Vyazemsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_of_Alexander_Griboyedov_in_Dilijan_Armenia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Monument_of_Alexander_Griboyedov_in_Dilijan_Armenia.jpg/220px-Monument_of_Alexander_Griboyedov_in_Dilijan_Armenia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Monument_of_Alexander_Griboyedov_in_Dilijan_Armenia.jpg/330px-Monument_of_Alexander_Griboyedov_in_Dilijan_Armenia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Monument_of_Alexander_Griboyedov_in_Dilijan_Armenia.jpg/440px-Monument_of_Alexander_Griboyedov_in_Dilijan_Armenia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1072" /></a><figcaption>Monument erected in Soviet times in <a href="/wiki/Dilijan" title="Dilijan">Dilijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> commemorating the location where <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a> (on his way to meet his brother) stopped the carriage with Alexander Griboyedov's body being transported to <a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a>. An inscription in Russian and Armenian says: "Here A. S. Pushkin saw the body of A. S. Griboyedov".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Griboyedov_memorial_in_St_Thaddaeus,_Tehran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Griboyedov_memorial_in_St_Thaddaeus%2C_Tehran.jpg/220px-Griboyedov_memorial_in_St_Thaddaeus%2C_Tehran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="409" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Griboyedov_memorial_in_St_Thaddaeus%2C_Tehran.jpg/330px-Griboyedov_memorial_in_St_Thaddaeus%2C_Tehran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Griboyedov_memorial_in_St_Thaddaeus%2C_Tehran.jpg/440px-Griboyedov_memorial_in_St_Thaddaeus%2C_Tehran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption>Memorial stone for A.S. Griboyedov in the Armenian <a href="/wiki/Saints_Thaddeus_and_Bartholomew_Church_of_Tehran" title="Saints Thaddeus and Bartholomew Church of Tehran">St Thaddaeus Church, Tehran</a>, Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>Several months after his wedding to <a href="/wiki/Nino_Chavchavadze" title="Nino Chavchavadze">Nino</a>, the 16-year-old daughter of his friend <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chavchavadze" title="Alexander Chavchavadze">Prince Chavchavadze</a>, Griboyedov was suddenly sent to Persia as <a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister Plenipotentiary">Minister Plenipotentiary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826-1828)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)">Russo–Persian War of 1826–1828</a> and the humiliating <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a>, there was strong <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">anti-Russian sentiment</a> in Persia. Upon arrival in Tehran, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Lion_and_the_Sun" title="Order of the Lion and the Sun">Order of the Lion and the Sun</a> was conferred on him. Soon after Griboyedov's arrival, a mob stormed the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Russia_in_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of Russia in Tehran">Russian embassy</a>. </p><p>The incident began when an <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Eunuch_(court_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunuch (court official)">eunuch</a> escaped from the <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a> of the Persian <a href="/wiki/Fath_Ali_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fath Ali Shah">shah</a>, and at the same time two enslaved Armenian women escaped from the harem of the Shah's son-in-law. All three sought refuge at the Russian legation. As agreed in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a>, Georgians and Armenians living in Persia at that time were permitted to move to Russian-controlled Georgia and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenia" title="Eastern Armenia">Eastern Armenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkirk_p._122_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkirk_p._122-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Shah demanded that Griboyedov return the three escapees. Griboyedov refused. His decision caused an uproar throughout the city and several thousand Persians encircled the Russian compound demanding their release. </p><p>Soon after, urged on by the mullahs, the mob stormed the building. A high-ranking Muslim scholar, Mirza Masih Astarabadi, issued a fatwa saying that freeing Muslim women from the claws of unbelievers is allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkirk_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkirk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Griboyedov and other members of his mission had prepared for a siege and sealed all the windows and doors. Armed and in full uniform, they were resolved to defend to the last drop of blood. Although small in number, the <a href="/wiki/Cossack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossack">Cossack</a> detachment assigned to protect the legation held off the mob for over an hour until finally being driven back to Griboyedov's office. There, Griboyedov and the Cossacks resisted until the mob broke through the roof of the building, and then through the ceiling, to slaughter them. The escaped eunuch and Griboyedov, who fought with his sword, were among the first to be shot to death; the fate of the two Armenian women remains unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkirk_p._122_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkirk_p._122-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Second secretary of the mission Karl Adelung and, in particular, a young doctor whose name is not known, fought hard, but soon the scene was one of butchered, decapitated corpses. </p><p>Griboyedov's body, thrown from a window, was decapitated by a kebab vendor who displayed the head on his stall.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkirk_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkirk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mob dragged the uniformed corpse through the city's streets and bazaars, to cries of celebration. It was eventually abandoned on a garbage heap after three days of ill-treatment by the mob, such that in the end it could be identified only by a duelling injury to a finger. The following June, Griboyedov's friend <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a>, travelling through the southern Caucasus, encountered some men from Tehran leading an oxcart. The men told Pushkin they were conveying the ambassador's remains to Tiflis (now <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>). Griboyedov was buried there, in the monastery of St. David (<a href="/wiki/Mtatsminda_Pantheon" title="Mtatsminda Pantheon">Mtatsminda Pantheon</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkirk_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkirk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Nino, Griboyedov's widow, received news of his death she gave premature birth to a child who died a few hours later. Nino lived another thirty years, rejecting all suitors and winning universal admiration for her fidelity to her husband's memory. </p><p>In a move to compensate Russia for the attack and the death of its ambassador, the Shah sent his grandson <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_Mirza" title="Khosrow Mirza">Khosrow Mirza</a> to Saint Petersburg to avoid another war with <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Nicholas_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Nicholas I">Tsar Nicholas I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hopkirk_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hopkirk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shah also gifted to the Tsar the <a href="/wiki/Shah_Diamond" title="Shah Diamond">Shah Diamond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tharoor_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tharoor-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russian sources claim that<sup id="cite_ref-BournoutianIRA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BournoutianIRA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British agents, who feared Russian influence in Tehran, and Persian reactionaries, who were not satisfied with the Treaty of Turkmenchay, were responsible for inciting the mob.<sup id="cite_ref-BournoutianIRA_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BournoutianIRA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to George Bournoutian, the Tsar and General Paskevich likely did not greatly regret the loss of Griboyedov, who held liberal beliefs and favored autonomy for Christians in Transcaucasia. The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%9329)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)">Russo–Turkish War of 1828–29</a> might have been another reason for the Russian inaction.<sup id="cite_ref-BournoutianIRA_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BournoutianIRA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife had written on his tombstone in Tiflis: “Your mind and works are immortal in Russian memory, but why has my love outlived you?"<sup id="cite_ref-Tharoor_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tharoor-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_Aleksander_Griboyedov_monument.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Moscow_Aleksander_Griboyedov_monument.JPG/220px-Moscow_Aleksander_Griboyedov_monument.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Moscow_Aleksander_Griboyedov_monument.JPG/330px-Moscow_Aleksander_Griboyedov_monument.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Moscow_Aleksander_Griboyedov_monument.JPG/440px-Moscow_Aleksander_Griboyedov_monument.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>Monument in Moscow</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Griboyedov_monument_9122262_22.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Griboyedov_monument_9122262_22.JPG/220px-Griboyedov_monument_9122262_22.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Griboyedov_monument_9122262_22.JPG/330px-Griboyedov_monument_9122262_22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Griboyedov_monument_9122262_22.JPG/440px-Griboyedov_monument_9122262_22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Griboyedov's statue in <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia</figcaption></figure> <p>Author Angela Brintlinger has said that "not only did Griboyedov's contemporaries conceive of his life as the life of a literary hero—ultimately writing a number of narratives featuring him as an essential character—but indeed Griboyedov saw himself as a hero and his life as a narrative. Although there is not a literary artifact to prove this, by examining Griboyedov's letters and dispatches, one is able to build a historical narrative that fits the literary and behavioural paradigms of his time and that reads like a real adventure novel set in the wild, wild East." </p><p>One of the main settings for <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a>'s satirical novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> is named after Griboyedov, as is the <a href="/wiki/Griboedov_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Griboedov Canal">Griboyedov Canal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Saint_Petersburg" title="Central Saint Petersburg">Central Saint Petersburg</a>. One of the central streets of <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, is named after Griboyedov. This street is crossed by Alexander Chavchavadze street, named after Griboyedov's father-in-law, famous Georgian poet, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chavchavadze" title="Alexander Chavchavadze">Alexander Chavchavadze</a>. </p><p>On 17 April 1944 Pravda ran a lengthy feature on the commemoration of Griboyedov's 150th birthday when high-ranking officials, military leaders, diplomats, writers, and artists had attended a celebration in the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theatre</a>. Novelist and Stalin deputy <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Leonov" title="Leonid Leonov">Leonid Leonov</a> eulogized Griboyedov, mentioning especially his love of his fatherland. </p><p>The reception to the Shah's grandson Khosrow Mirza in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Palace" title="Winter Palace">Winter Palace</a>, and Tsar Nicholas receiving from him the Shah Diamond, are featured in the 2002 Russian film <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ark" title="Russian Ark">Russian Ark</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, the monument of A.S. Griboyedov (sculptor V.V. Lishev, 1959) is located on Zagorodny Prospekt on Pionerskaya Square (in front of the <a href="/wiki/Bryantsev_Youth_Theatre" title="Bryantsev Youth Theatre">Bryantsev Youth Theatre</a>)</li> <li>In the center of <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> there is a monument of A.S. Griboyedov (sculptor Hovhannes Bejanyan, 1974).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Alushta" title="Alushta">Alushta</a>, a monument of A.S. Griboyedov was erected in 2002, on the 100th anniversary of the city.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, the monument of A.S. Griboyedov is located on Chistoprudny Boulevard.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a>, A.S. Griboyedov was immortalized in the monument “<a href="/wiki/Millennium_of_Russia" title="Millennium of Russia">Millennium of Russia</a>”, in the group of sculptures “Writers and Artists”.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, at the expense of the Armenian community of the city, a bust of A.S. Griboyedov was installed on Sovetskaya Street, in front of Polyclinic No.3.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, a monument of A.S. Griboyedov is located on the Kura embankment (sculptor M. Merabishvili, architect G. Melkadze, 1961).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, the Russian <a href="/wiki/Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">embassy</a> has a monument of A.S. Griboyedov (sculptor V. A. Beklemishev, 1912).</li> <li>A bust of A. S. Griboyedov is installed on the facade of the <a href="/wiki/Odessa_Opera_and_Ballet_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater">Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Streets">Streets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Streets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are streets n.a. Griboyedov in many cities of Russia and neighboring countries. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#ccccff">List of places</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almetyevsk" title="Almetyevsk">Almetyevsk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk" title="Krasnoyarsk">Krasnoyarsk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgut" title="Surgut">Surgut</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterinburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekaterinburg">Ekaterinburg</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novokuznetsk" title="Novokuznetsk">Novokuznetsk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsk,_Russia" title="Dzerzhinsk, Russia">Dzerzhinsk</a> (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelendzhik" title="Gelendzhik">Gelendzhik</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovrov" title="Kovrov">Kovrov</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyumen" title="Tyumen">Tyumen</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essentuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Essentuki">Essentuki</a>;</li></ul> <p><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></li></ul> <p><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnitsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmelnitsky">Khmelnitsky</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnitsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinnitsa">Vinnitsa</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin" title="Irpin">Irpin</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bila_Tserkva" title="Bila Tserkva">Bila Tserkva</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a></li></ul> <p><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyumri" title="Gyumri">Gyumri</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevan,_Armenia" title="Sevan, Armenia">Sevan</a></li></ul> <p><br /><b>Other places</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%83l%C8%9Bi" title="Bălți">Bălți</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEbni%C8%9Ba" title="Rîbnița">Rîbnița</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma-Ata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alma-Ata">Alma-Ata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>).</li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theaters">Theaters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Theaters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Smolensk Drama Theater. A.S. Griboyedov.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tbilisi has a theater named after A.S. Griboyedov, a monument (author - M.K. Merabishvili).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum">Museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The State Historical, Cultural and Natural Museum-Reserve of A.S. Griboyedov “Khmelita” in <a href="/wiki/Vyazemsky_District,_Smolensk_Oblast" title="Vyazemsky District, Smolensk Oblast">Vyazemsky District, Smolensk Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, in the Red Cave (Kizil-Koba), a gallery is named in honor of A.S. Griboyedov's stay.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Library of National Literature named after A. S. Griboyedov in Saint Petersburg.</li> <li>The Central Library named after A. S. Griboyedov of the Centralized Library System #2 of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. On the 100th anniversary of the founding of the library, a memorial museum was opened in it, giving A.S. Griboyedov award there.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RR5110-0006R_200-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90.%D0%A1._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/RR5110-0006R_200-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90.%D0%A1._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif/200px-RR5110-0006R_200-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90.%D0%A1._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/RR5110-0006R_200-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90.%D0%A1._%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="269" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Griboedov. 2 rubles, silver, 1995</figcaption></figure></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yury_Tynyanov" title="Yury Tynyanov">Yury Tynyanov</a> wrote the novel <i>The Death of Vazir-Mukhtar</i> (1928) about the last years of Griboyedov's life</li> <li>On April 22, 2014, in Saint Petersburg, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Russia" title="Grand Lodge of Russia">Grand Lodge of Russia</a> created the Lodge of A. S. Griboyedov (No. 45 in the register of VLR).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Secondary School named after A. S. Griboyedov (<a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>).</li> <li>Secondary school No. 203 named after A. S. Griboyedov in St. Petersburg.</li> <li>Annual the Moscow City Humanitarian Conference called "Griboyedov readings" for research and design work of students.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Moscow gymnasium No. 1529 named after A. S. Griboyedov.</li> <li>In Moscow there is a higher educational institution - Institute of International Law and Economics named after A.S. Griboyedov.</li> <li>Scholarship named after A. S. Griboyedov, established by the Academic Council of Lomonosov Moscow State University.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Airbus 330-243 (VQ-BBF) aircraft of <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a> Airlines is named after A.S. Griboyedov.</li> <li>In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank of Russia</a> issued a coin (2 rubles, silver 500) from the series “Outstanding Personalities of Russia” with the image on the reverse of the portrait of A.S. Griboedov - on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth.</li> <li>Medal "A.S. Griboedov, 1795-1829" that was established by the Moscow City Organization of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation and is awarded to writers, prominent philanthropists and famous publishers for their ascetic activities for the benefit of Russian culture and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Soviet Union released two stamps depicting Griboyedov: 125th Death Anniversary of Alexander Griboyedov stamp (issued in 1954<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and a stamp from the Russian Writers series (issued in 1959<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compositions">Compositions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Waltz_in_E_minor_by_Alexander_Griboyedov.ogg" title="File:Waltz in E minor by Alexander Griboyedov.ogg">Griboyedov, Waltz in E minor</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="120" data-mwtitle="Waltz_in_E_minor_by_Alexander_Griboyedov.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/Waltz_in_E_minor_by_Alexander_Griboyedov.ogg/Waltz_in_E_minor_by_Alexander_Griboyedov.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Waltz_in_E_minor_by_Alexander_Griboyedov.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Performed by Constantin Stephan</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waltzes">Waltzes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Waltzes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Waltz in E minor</li> <li>Waltz in A-flat major</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera">Opera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1824: <i>Who is a Brother, Who is a Sister, or Deception for Deception</i> (Wrote the accompanying score to the stage play by the composer and P. A. Vyazemsky)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatslav_Vorovsky" title="Vatslav Vorovsky">Vatslav Vorovsky</a>, Soviet envoy at the Conference of Lausanne, assassinated in 1923</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Voykov" title="Pyotr Voykov">Pyotr Voykov</a>, Soviet ambassador to Poland, assassinated in 1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Karlov" title="Andrei Karlov">Andrei Karlov</a>, Russian ambassador to Turkey, assassinated in 2016</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historically also <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a> as <b>Alexander Sergueevich Griboyedoff</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBorrero2009" class="citation book cs1">Borrero, Mauricio (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dhm0cGdrTOIC&q=griboyedov+appointed+ambassador+1828&pg=PA169"><i>Russia: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816074754" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816074754"><bdi>978-0816074754</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%3A+A+Reference+Guide+from+the+Renaissance+to+the+Present&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0816074754&rft.aulast=Borrero&rft.aufirst=Mauricio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddhm0cGdrTOIC%26q%3Dgriboyedov%2Bappointed%2Bambassador%2B1828%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaynesSmith1880" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1880). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Griboyedoff, Alexander Sergueevich"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Griboyedoff,_Alexander_Sergueevich">"Griboyedoff, Alexander Sergueevich" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Griboyedoff%2C+Alexander+Sergueevich&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriboyedov2017" class="citation book cs1">Griboyedov, Alexander (2017). <i>Woe from Wit</i>. Montpelier, VT: Russian Life Books. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-880100-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-880100-52-3"><bdi>978-1-880100-52-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woe+from+Wit&rft.place=Montpelier%2C+VT&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Russian+Life+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-880100-52-3&rft.aulast=Griboyedov&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Griboyedov,_Alexander_Sergueevich" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Griboyedov, Alexander Sergueevich">Griboyedov, Alexander Sergueevich</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 593.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Griboyedov%2C+Alexander+Sergueevich&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=593&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://feb-web.ru/feb/griboed/critics/vos80/vos_comm.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Записка Об А. С. Грибоедове</bdi></a> [A note about A. S. Griboyedov]. <i>Russian Messenger</i> (in Russian). No. 8 (reprint ed.). 1892. pp. 335–347<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russian+Messenger&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%90.+%D0%A1.+%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=335-347&rft.date=1892&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffeb-web.ru%2Ffeb%2Fgriboed%2Fcritics%2Fvos80%2Fvos_comm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Alexander_Ward1989" class="citation book cs1">Charles Alexander Ward (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UOfVAAAAMAAJ&q=I.+Miller+griboyedov"><i>Moscow and Leningrad</i></a>. K.G. Saur. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783598108341" title="Special:BookSources/9783598108341"><bdi>9783598108341</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moscow+and+Leningrad&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=K.G.+Saur&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9783598108341&rft.au=Charles+Alexander+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUOfVAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DI.%2BMiller%2Bgriboyedov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeil_Cornwall2015" class="citation book cs1">Neil Cornwall (November 2015) [First published in Great Britain in 1986 by The Athlone Press]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H39qCgAAQBAJ&dq=Johann+Heinrich+Miller+composer&pg=PA124"><i>V.F. Odoevsky</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury</a>. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474241410" title="Special:BookSources/9781474241410"><bdi>9781474241410</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V.F.+Odoevsky&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2015-11&rft.isbn=9781474241410&rft.au=Neil+Cornwall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH39qCgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DJohann%2BHeinrich%2BMiller%2Bcomposer%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belcanto.ru/griboedov.html">"Александр Сергеевич Грибоедов (Aleksandr Griboyedov) | Belcanto.ru"</a>. <i>www.belcanto.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.belcanto.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%28Aleksandr+Griboyedov%29+%7C+Belcanto.ru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belcanto.ru%2Fgriboedov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hopkirk_p._122-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hopkirk_p._122_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hopkirk_p._122_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hopkirk" title="Peter Hopkirk">Hopkirk, Peter</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game:_The_Struggle_for_Empire_in_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia">The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia</a></i>. New York: Kodansha Globe, 1997 p. 122 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56836-022-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-56836-022-3">1-56836-022-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hopkirk-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hopkirk_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hopkirk_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hopkirk_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hopkirk_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkirk2006" class="citation book cs1">Hopkirk, Peter (2006). <i>The Great Game</i>. London: John Murray. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-6447-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-6447-5"><bdi>978-0-7195-6447-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Game&rft.place=London&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7195-6447-5&rft.aulast=Hopkirk&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaron_K._K._Bode" class="citation web cs1">Baron K. K. Bode. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://feb-web.ru/feb/griboed/critics/vos29/bode_29.htm">"Griboyedov's Death"</a>. <i>www.feb-web.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.feb-web.ru&rft.atitle=Griboyedov%27s+Death&rft.au=Baron+K.+K.+Bode&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffeb-web.ru%2Ffeb%2Fgriboed%2Fcritics%2Fvos29%2Fbode_29.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Bournoutian (2014) <i>From Tabriz to St. Petersburg: Iran's Mission of Apology to Russia in 1829</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tharoor-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tharoor_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tharoor_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTharoor2016" class="citation news cs1">Tharoor, Ishaan (22 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/12/22/a-russian-ambassador-was-murdered-the-apology-came-in-the-shape-of-a-huge-diamond/">"A Russian ambassador was murdered: The apology came in the shape of a huge diamond"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Russian+ambassador+was+murdered%3A+The+apology+came+in+the+shape+of+a+huge+diamond&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.aulast=Tharoor&rft.aufirst=Ishaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2016%2F12%2F22%2Fa-russian-ambassador-was-murdered-the-apology-came-in-the-shape-of-a-huge-diamond%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BournoutianIRA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BournoutianIRA_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BournoutianIRA_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BournoutianIRA_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bournoutian, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/griboedov-alexander-sergeevich">"Griboyedov, Alexander Sergeevich"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Griboyedov%2C+Alexander+Sergeevich&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fgriboedov-alexander-sergeevich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dram-teatrsm.ru/">"Smolensk State Drama Theater. A.S. Griboyedov"</a>. dram-teatrsm.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smolensk+State+Drama+Theater.+A.S.+Griboyedov&rft.pub=dram-teatrsm.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdram-teatrsm.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200425024639/http://griboedovtheatre.ge/?lang=en">"Griboyedov Theatre of Tbilisi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://griboedovtheatre.ge/?lang=en">the original</a> on 2020-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Griboyedov+Theatre+of+Tbilisi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgriboedovtheatre.ge%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kornetobolensky.ru/nagradyi/">"Griboyedov award"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Griboyedov+award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkornetobolensky.ru%2Fnagradyi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S.P. Karpachov «The Art of Freemasons», «IPC Pareto-Print», 2015, p. 475. 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-9905493-1-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-9905493-1-9">978-5-9905493-1-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://griboyedov.org/projects/readings.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Griboyedov readings" project"</a> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Griboyedov+readings%22+project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgriboyedov.org%2Fprojects%2Freadings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427004746/http://www.law.msu.ru/node/22145">"Nominal and advanced scholarships, awards and grants for students and post-graduate students of the Faculty of Law | Faculty of Law, Moscow State University"</a> (in Russian). www.law.msu.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.msu.ru/node/22145">the original</a> on 2019-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nominal+and+advanced+scholarships%2C+awards+and+grants+for+students+and+post-graduate+students+of+the+Faculty+of+Law+%7C+Faculty+of+Law%2C+Moscow+State+University&rft.pub=www.law.msu.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.msu.ru%2Fnode%2F22145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavka-shop.ru/index.php?productID=3631">"Medal "A. S. Griboedov 1795 - 1829" Writers' Union of Russia"</a> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medal+%22A.+S.+Griboedov+1795+-+1829%22+Writers%27+Union+of+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavka-shop.ru%2Findex.php%3FproductID%3D3631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/87485-Alexander_S_Griboyedov_1795-1829_Russian_playwright-125th_Death_Anniversary_of_Alexander_Griboyedov-Soviet_Union_USSR">"Alexander S. Griboyedov (1795-1829), Russian playwright"</a>. colnect.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+S.+Griboyedov+%281795-1829%29%2C+Russian+playwright&rft.pub=colnect.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolnect.com%2Fen%2Fstamps%2Fstamp%2F87485-Alexander_S_Griboyedov_1795-1829_Russian_playwright-125th_Death_Anniversary_of_Alexander_Griboyedov-Soviet_Union_USSR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/144230-A_S_Griboyedov-Russian_Writers-Soviet_Union_USSR">"A.S. Griboyedov"</a>. colnect.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A.S.+Griboyedov&rft.pub=colnect.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolnect.com%2Fen%2Fstamps%2Fstamp%2F144230-A_S_Griboyedov-Russian_Writers-Soviet_Union_USSR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brintlinger, Angela. "The Persian Frontier: Griboyedov as Orientalist and Literary Hero". <i>Canadian Slavonic Papers</i> 45, no. 3 (2003): 371–393.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/15px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/23px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/30px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from <a href="/wiki/D.S._Mirsky" class="mw-redirect" title="D.S. Mirsky">D.S. Mirsky</a>'s "A History of Russian Literature" (1926-27), a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></li> <li>Pravda, April 17, 1944, page 4</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Tynyanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuri Tynyanov">Yuri Tynyanov</a>: Смерть Вазир-Мухтара, 1928. A historical novel about Griboyedov's last years and death.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vagalecs.narod.ru/Woe.htm">A. S. Griboyedov: Woe from Wit (A Four-Act Comedy). Translated from the Russian by A. S. Vagapov</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hobson" title="Mary Hobson">Mary Hobson</a>; Aleksandr Sergeyevich Griboyedov. <i>Aleksandr Griboyedov's Woe from wit: a commentary and translation</i>. Edwin Mellen Press; 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-6146-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-6146-8">978-0-7734-6146-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Griboedov, Alexander (2020). <i>Woe from Wit: A Verse Comedy in Four Acts</i>. The Russian Library. Translated by Betsy Hulick. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231548519" title="Special:BookSources/9780231548519"><bdi>9780231548519</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woe+from+Wit%3A+A+Verse+Comedy+in+Four+Acts&rft.series=The+Russian+Library&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780231548519&rft.aulast=Griboedov&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Kelly_(writer)" title="Laurence Kelly (writer)">Kelly, Laurence</a> (2002). <i>Diplomacy and Murder in Tehran: Alexander Griboyedov and Imperial Russia's Mission to the Shah of Persia</i>. New York: Tauris Parke. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84511-196-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84511-196-6"><bdi>1-84511-196-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diplomacy+and+Murder+in+Tehran%3A+Alexander+Griboyedov+and+Imperial+Russia%27s+Mission+to+the+Shah+of+Persia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Tauris+Parke&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-84511-196-6&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Griboyedov" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Griboyedov&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aleksandr_Griboyedov" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aleksandr Griboyedov">Aleksandr Griboyedov</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28+%28Alexander+OR+Aleksandr%29+AND+Griboyedov+AND+%281829+OR+Sergeyevich%29+%29">Works by or about Alexander Griboyedov</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118639366">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Griboyedov, Aleksandr Sergeyevich, 1795-1829"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80149409">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12044982w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12044982w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00522172">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip 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