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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mládí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mládí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mládí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mládí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politická_kariéra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politická_kariéra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Politická kariéra</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politická_kariéra-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Politická kariéra</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politická_kariéra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Raná_léta_v_politice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raná_léta_v_politice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Raná léta v politice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raná_léta_v_politice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guvernér_Státu_Massachusetts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guvernér_Státu_Massachusetts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Guvernér Státu Massachusetts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guvernér_Státu_Massachusetts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bostonská_stávka_policistů" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bostonská_stávka_policistů"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Bostonská stávka policistů</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bostonská_stávka_policistů-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viceprezident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viceprezident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Viceprezident</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Viceprezident-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Viceprezident</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Viceprezident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nominace_a_volby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nominace_a_volby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nominace a volby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nominace_a_volby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Období_ve_funkci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Období_ve_funkci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Období ve funkci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Období_ve_funkci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prezidentství" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prezidentství"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prezidentství</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prezidentství-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Prezidentství</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prezidentství-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politika_a_politické_názory_prezidenta_Coolidge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika_a_politické_názory_prezidenta_Coolidge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Politika a politické názory prezidenta Coolidge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politika_a_politické_názory_prezidenta_Coolidge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Imigrace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imigrace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Imigrace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imigrace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Ekonomika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zahraniční_politika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zahraniční_politika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Zahraniční politika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zahraniční_politika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mexiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3.1</span> <span>Mexiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latinská_Amerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latinská_Amerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3.2</span> <span>Latinská Amerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latinská_Amerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mírová_Iniciativa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mírová_Iniciativa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3.3</span> <span>Mírová Iniciativa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mírová_Iniciativa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rasové_problémy_a_občanská_práva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rasové_problémy_a_občanská_práva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Rasové problémy a občanská práva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rasové_problémy_a_občanská_práva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vláda_Calvina_Coolidge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vláda_Calvina_Coolidge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vláda Calvina Coolidge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vláda_Calvina_Coolidge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozdní_život_a_smrt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozdní_život_a_smrt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pozdní život a smrt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozdní_život_a_smrt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Calvin Coolidge</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 131 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8D%E1%89%AA%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%8A%E1%8C%85" title="ካልቪን ኩሊጅ – amharština" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካልቪን ኩሊጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – aragonština" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – staroangličtina" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroangličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="كالفين كوليدج – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كالفين كوليدج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="كالفين كوليدج – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كالفين كوليدج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – ajmarština" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalvin_Kulic" title="Kalvin Kulic – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalvin Kulic" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="جان کالوین کولیج – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان کالوین کولیج" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Калвин Кулидж – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Калвин Кулидж" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – balijština" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalv%C4%97ns_K%C5%ABl%C4%97d%C5%BEos" title="Kalvėns Kūlėdžos – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kalvėns Kūlėdžos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кальвін Кулідж – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кальвін Кулідж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кальвін Кулідж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кальвін Кулідж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Калвин Кулидж – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калвин Кулидж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – bislamština" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C" title="ক্যালভিন কুলিজ – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যালভিন কুলিজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – cebuánština" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%AB%E1%8F%82_%E1%8E%AB%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%A5" title="ᎧᎵᏫᏂ ᎫᎵᏥ – čerokézština" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᎵᏫᏂ ᎫᎵᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čerokézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="کالڤین کولیج – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کالڤین کولیج" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – korsičtina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalvin_Kulic" title="Kalvin Kulic – tatarština (krymská)" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kalvin Kulic" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatarština (krymská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кулидж Джон Калвин – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кулидж Джон Калвин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článek"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%86%DE%AB%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%96%DE%B0" title="ކެލްވިން ކޫލިޖް – maledivština" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކެލްވިން ކޫލިޖް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maledivština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B6" title="Κάλβιν Κούλιτζ – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάλβιν Κούλιτζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="nejlepší článek"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="کالوین کولیج – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالوین کولیج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – faerština" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – fríština (severní)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fríština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – skotská gaelština" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotská gaelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – manština" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%92%27" title="קלווין קולידג' – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלווין קולידג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="कॉल्विन कूलिज – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कॉल्विन कूलिज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BB" title="Քալվին Քուլիջ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քալվին Քուլիջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – ilokánština" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="カルビン・クーリッジ – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルビン・クーリッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – javánština" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="nejlepší článek"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="კალვინ კულიჯი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალვინ კულიჯი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Калвин Кулидж – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калвин Кулидж" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%98%EB%B9%88_%EC%BF%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" title="캘빈 쿨리지 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캘빈 쿨리지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – kornština" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinus_Coolidge" title="Calvinus Coolidge – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calvinus Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – limburština" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – ligurština" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvins_K%C5%ABlid%C5%BEs" title="Kelvins Kūlidžs – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kelvins Kūlidžs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%9F" title="Келвин Кулиџ – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Келвин Кулиџ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="കാൽവിൻ കൂളിഡ്ജ് – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൽവിൻ കൂളിഡ്ജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="कॅल्विन कूलिज – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅल्विन कूलिज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BA" title="ကယ်လ်ဗင် ကူးလစ်ဂျ် – barmština" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကယ်လ်ဗင် ကူးလစ်ဂျ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="جان کالوین کولیج – mázandaránština" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جان کالوین کولیج" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin_Coolidge" title="John Calvin Coolidge – dolnoněmčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="John Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoněmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – papangau" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="papangau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AC" title="کیلون کولج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیلون کولج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="کالوین کولیج – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کالوین کولیج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – kečuánština" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – rétorománština" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rétorománština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кулидж, Калвин – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кулидж, Калвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – kiňarwandština" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiňarwandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – sicilština" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – skotština" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A" title="කැල්වින් කූලිජ් – sinhálština" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැල්වින් කූලිජ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%9F" title="Калвин Кулиџ – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калвин Кулиџ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D" title="கால்வின் கூலிஜ் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கால்வின் கூலிஜ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8C" title="แคลวิน คูลิดจ์ – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคลวิน คูลิดจ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D2%97" title="Кәлвин Кулиҗ – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кәлвин Кулиҗ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – tumbukština" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbukština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Калвін Кулідж – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калвін Кулідж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AC" title="کیلون کولج – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیلون کولج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E7%AB%8B%E8%8A%9D" title="卡尔文·柯立芝 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡尔文·柯立芝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E7%AB%8B%E8%8A%9D" title="卡爾文·柯立芝 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="卡爾文·柯立芝" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Calvin Coolidge" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em;width: 22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">John Calvin Coolidge, <span class="titul_za">Jr.</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_%28cropped%29.jpg/338px-Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Calvin_Coolidge_cph.3g10777_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #E3E3FA;"><a href="/wiki/Seznam_prezident%C5%AF_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Seznam prezidentů Spojených států amerických">30.</a> <a href="/wiki/Prezident_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Prezident Spojených států amerických">prezident Spojených států amerických</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Ve funkci:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/2._srpen" title="2. srpen">2. srpna</a> <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> – <a href="/wiki/4._b%C5%99ezen" title="4. březen">4. března</a> <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Viceprezident</th><td>neobsazeno (1923–1925)<br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gates_Dawes" title="Charles Gates Dawes">Charles Gates Dawes</a> (1925–1929)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Předchůdce</th><td><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Nástupce</th><td><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #E3E3FA;"><a href="/wiki/Seznam_viceprezident%C5%AF_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Seznam viceprezidentů Spojených států amerických">29.</a> <a href="/wiki/Viceprezident_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Viceprezident Spojených států amerických">viceprezident Spojených států amerických</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Ve funkci:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/4._b%C5%99ezen" title="4. březen">4. března</a> <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a> – <a href="/wiki/2._srpen" title="2. srpen">2. srpna</a> <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Prezident</th><td><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Předchůdce</th><td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Nástupce</th><td><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #E3E3FA;">48. guvernér státu <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Ve funkci:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/2._leden" title="2. leden">2. ledna</a> <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> – <a href="/wiki/6._leden" title="6. leden">6. ledna</a> <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Předchůdce</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_W._McCall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel W. McCall (stránka neexistuje)">Samuel W. McCall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Nástupce</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channing_H._Cox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Channing H. Cox (stránka neexistuje)">Channing H. Cox</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #E3E3FA;">Stranická příslušnost</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Členství</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Republik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Republikánská strana (USA)">Republikánská strana</a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Rodné jméno</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">John Calvin</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Narození</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/4._%C4%8Dervenec" title="4. červenec">4. července</a> <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Úmrtí</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/5._leden" title="5. leden">5. ledna</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> (ve věku 60 let)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Příčina úmrtí</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Infarkt_myokardu" title="Infarkt myokardu">infarkt myokardu</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Místo pohřbení</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Plymouth Notch Cemetery</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Choť</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Coolidgeov%C3%A1" title="Grace Coolidgeová">Grace Coolidgeová</a> (1905–1933)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Rodiče</th><td><span class="wd">John Calvin Coolidge senior</span> a <span class="wd"><span lang="en">Victoria Josephine Moor</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Děti</th><td><span class="wd">John Coolidge<br />Calvin Coolidge, Jr.</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Příbuzní</th><td><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Cynthia Coolidge Jeter</span> a <span lang="en">Lydia Coolidge Sayles</span></span> (vnoučata)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Sídlo</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><span class="wd">Amherst College<br /><span lang="en">St. Johnsbury Academy</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Profese</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Politik" title="Politik">politik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advok%C3%A1t" title="Advokát">advokát</a>, <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A1tn%C3%ADk" title="Státník">státník</a> a autor autobiografie</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Náboženství</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/Kongrega%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_c%C3%ADrkve" title="Kongregační církve">Kongregační církev</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Protestantismus" title="Protestantismus">protestantismus</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Podpis</th><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:C_Coolidge_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Calvin Coolidge, podpis"><img alt="John Calvin Coolidge, podpis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C_Coolidge_signature.svg/128px-C_Coolidge_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C_Coolidge_signature.svg/192px-C_Coolidge_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/C_Coolidge_signature.svg/256px-C_Coolidge_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="183" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="width: 85px;;text-align:left">Commons</th><td><span class="wd"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" class="extiw" title="c:Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller; white-space: nowrap;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36023" class="extiw" title="d:Q36023">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.</b> (<a href="/wiki/4._%C4%8Dervenec" title="4. červenec">4. července</a> <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plymouth_Notch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plymouth Notch (stránka neexistuje)">Plymouth Notch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> – <a href="/wiki/5._leden" title="5. leden">5. ledna</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>) byl 30. <a href="/wiki/Prezident_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Prezident Spojených států amerických">prezident</a> a 29. <a href="/wiki/Viceprezident_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Viceprezident Spojených států amerických">viceprezident</a> <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké">Spojených států amerických</a>. Byl starší ze dvou dětí rodičů Johna Calvina a Victorie Moor Coolidgeových. Jeho starší sestra zemřela ve věku 14 let. John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. se narodil v <a href="/wiki/Den_nez%C3%A1vislosti_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" class="mw-redirect" title="Den nezávislosti Spojených států amerických">Den nezávislosti</a>. </p><p>Jako prezident byl Calvin Coolidge proslulý svou uvážeností, introverzí, mlčenlivostí a suchým humorem a lakonickým, někdy jen několikaslabičným vyjadřováním – málokdy v rozhovoru řekl více než několik slov a i jeho oficiální projevy jsou charakteristické stručností, úsečností a jednoduchou gramatickou stavbou. Proto si od americké veřejnosti vysloužil přezdívku, <i>Silent Cal,</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> česky <i>Tichý Cal</i>. Přes svou <a href="/wiki/Extraverze_a_introverze" title="Extraverze a introverze">introvertní</a> povahu však měl velmi dobré kontakty s <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dia" title="Média">médii</a>, jako vůbec první americký prezident začal k politickým účelům používat <a href="/wiki/Rozhlas" title="Rozhlas">rozhlas</a> a svolal více tiskových konferencí než kterýkoliv jiný prezident, přes 520. </p><p>Coolidge byl politicky <a href="/wiki/Konzervatismus" title="Konzervatismus">konzervativní</a>, vyznával zásadu <a href="/wiki/Laissez_faire" title="Laissez faire">laissez faire</a>, silně však podporoval zemědělství a snižoval <a href="/wiki/Da%C5%88" title="Daň">daňovou</a> zátěž. Jeho vláda byla obdobím bouřlivého ekonomického a kulturního rozmachu, tzv. <i>roaring twenties</i>, hájil také práva <a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADmskokatolick%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev" title="Římskokatolická církev">katolíků</a> a <a href="/wiki/Afroameri%C4%8Dan%C3%A9" title="Afroameričané">Afroameričanů</a> a silně omezil vliv <a href="/wiki/Rasismus" title="Rasismus">rasistické</a> organizace <a href="/wiki/Ku-klux-klan" title="Ku-klux-klan">Ku-klux-klan</a> na vrcholnou politiku. Ve své době byl velmi populární, zvláště mezi střední třídou. Kritizován je jeho postoj k sociálním otázkám a faktická neexistence jeho zahraniční politiky, kde pokračoval v politice <a href="/wiki/Izolacionismus" title="Izolacionismus">Izolacionismu</a> svého předchůdce <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warrena G. Hardinga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mládí"><span id="Ml.C3.A1d.C3.AD"></span>Mládí</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Mládí" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Mládí"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Calvin Coolidge se narodil 4. července 1872 do významné <a href="/wiki/Nov%C3%A1_Anglie" title="Nová Anglie">novoanglické</a> rodiny ve státě <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. Jeho otec John Calvin Coolidge st. byl farmářem, obchodníkem, poštmistrem, notářem a hrál důležitou roli v komunální politice.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeho matka Victoria Josephina Moor zemřela, když Calvinu Coolidgovi bylo 12 let.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Základnímu vzdělání se mu dostalo v jeho rodném městě. Byl průměrným žákem, nicméně se mu podařilo dostat na prestižní školu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amherst_Collage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amherst Collage (stránka neexistuje)">Amherst Collage</a> v nedalekém <a href="/wiki/Amherst" title="Amherst">Amherst</a> ve státě <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zde se jeho prospěch výrazně zlepšil a v roce 1895 promoval s vyznamenáním. Coolidge byl členem republikánského klubu i bratrstva Phi Gamma Delta.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Získal na kampusu pověst díky svému důvtipu a výrazným řečnickém schopnostem.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politická_kariéra"><span id="Politick.C3.A1_kari.C3.A9ra"></span>Politická kariéra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Politická kariéra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Politická kariéra"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raná_léta_v_politice"><span id="Ran.C3.A1_l.C3.A9ta_v_politice"></span>Raná léta v politice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Raná léta v politice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Raná léta v politice"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calvin Coolidge se stal aktivní v politice již v roce 1896, kdy pomáhal s místní kampaní republikánskému kandidátovi na prezidenta, senátorovi <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">Williamu McKinleymu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konec devadesátých let 19. století a první dvě desetiletí století 20. znamenala pro Coolidgeovu kariéru dynamický vzestup. Roku 1898 byl zvolen do městské rady.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuto práci Coolidge považoval především za prostředek k navazování užitečných kontaktů pro svou právnickou praxi.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roku 1900 byl jmenován městským právníkem. Roku 1903 byl zvolen místním úředníkem. O rok později se stal předsedou místní organizace republikánské strany. Roku 1905 kandidoval do městské školské rady, avšak zde zažil svůj první politický neúspěch a zvolen byl jeho protikandidát. Nicméně o dva roky později, tedy roku 1907, byl zvolen do státního zákonodárného sboru státu Massachusetts. V roce 1910 úspěšně kandidoval na starostou <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northamptonu</a>. Po dvou rocích v úřadu starosty se stal senátorem Senátu státu Massachusetts. Roku 1914 již působil jako předseda Massachusettského senátu.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Následně jeho kariéra postupovala v pozvolném vzestupu a roku 1916 se stal zástupcem guvernéra.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jako <a href="/wiki/Viceguvern%C3%A9r" title="Viceguvernér">viceguvernér</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_W._McCall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel W. McCall (stránka neexistuje)">Samuela W. McCalla</a> fungoval následující dva roky, než se posunul dále po politickém žebříčku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guvernér_Státu_Massachusetts"><span id="Guvern.C3.A9r_St.C3.A1tu_Massachusetts"></span>Guvernér Státu Massachusetts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Guvernér Státu Massachusetts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Guvernér Státu Massachusetts"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V roce 1918 se guvernér Samuel W. McCall rozhodl neobhajovat svůj mandát a místo toho se pokusil kandidovat do senátu. Místo guvernéra se uvolnilo. Této situace využil Calvin Coolidge a oznámil svou kandidaturu na guvernéra. Jeho spolukandidátem se stal předseda massachusettské sněmovny reprezentantů, bostonský právník, Channing Cox.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coolidge se těšil u místních republikánů velkému respektu, tomu nasvědčuje i fakt, že v primárkách neměl žádného protikandidáta.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ačkoliv bylo Massachusetts silně republikánským státem, Coolidge vyhrál velmi těsně nad demokratickým protikandidátem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_H._Long&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard H. Long (stránka neexistuje)">Richardem H. Longem</a>. Rozdíl tvořilo pouze něco málo přes 17tisíc hlasů. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bostonská_stávka_policistů"><span id="Bostonsk.C3.A1_st.C3.A1vka_policist.C5.AF"></span>Bostonská stávka policistů</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Bostonská stávka policistů" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Bostonská stávka policistů"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V roce 1919 se guvernér Calvin Coolidge musel vypořádat s prvním velkým problémem. Bostonská policie se pokusila vstoupit do celoamerické odborové organizace AFL.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vrchní velitel policie Edwin Curtis se pokusil o vyjednávání, avšak po neúspěších a vstupu strážníků do AFL změnil svůj postoj a rozhodl se jednat rázně. Curtis nechal 19 vůdců této akce se propustit. To vyvolalo stávku strážníků. V Bostonu to okamžitě vedlo k zvýšení kriminality a nepokojům.<sup id="cite_ref-#1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Boston_Police_Strike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Boston_Police_Strike.jpg/226px-Boston_Police_Strike.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Boston_Police_Strike.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Policejní stávka v Bostonu (1919) </figcaption></figure> <p>Coolidge se nejdříve rozhodl nechat řešení situace na místních orgánech. Avšak po neúspěších se rozhodl povolat do Bostonu <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_garda_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Národní garda Spojených států amerických">Národní gardu</a> a dobrovolníky ve formě milice. Vypjatá situace vedla i ke střetům mezi stávkujícími policisty a gardou. Zabiti byli 2 strážníci. Velitel bostonské policie na pokyn Coolidge tři čtvrtiny strážníků propustil (1100) a nechal najmout nových 1500 z řad veteránů <a href="/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="První světová válka">první světové války</a>. AFL zaslala Coolidgeovi telegram, kde se zastala stávkujících strážníků a jejich práv. Na něj Coolidge reagoval v otevřeném dopise a popřel policejní právo na stávku s tím, že je nelze tolerovat a vyvyšovat zájmy jednotlivců nad bezpečnost občanů nejen Bostonu, ale celých Spojených států. </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse: collapse; display: block; background-color: transparent; overflow: auto;"> <tbody><tr style="font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif;"> <td style="color: #aad; font-size: 400%; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: .7ex; _padding-bottom: .6ex;">„ </td> <td style="font-size: 110%; font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">"Vaše tvrzení, že se komisař mýlil, nemůže ospravedlnit křivdu, když nechal město nehlídané. To poskytlo příležitost; kriminálnímu prvku, který žalobu poskytl. Neexistuje žádné právo udeřit proti veřejné bezpečnosti kýmkoli, kdekoli a kdykoli. ... Stejně tak jsem odhodlán bránit suverenitu Massachusetts a zachovat autoritu a jurisdikci nad svými veřejnými činiteli tam, kde byla umístěna ústavou a zákony jejího lidu." </td> <td style="color: #aad; font-size: 400%; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top; padding-top: .3ex;">“ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><cite style="font-style: normal;">— Telegram od guvernéra Calvina Coolidge pro vůdce AFL Samuela Gomperse<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </cite></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viceprezident">Viceprezident</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Viceprezident" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Viceprezident"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nominace_a_volby">Nominace a volby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Nominace a volby" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Nominace a volby"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Při Republikánské národní konvenci roku 1920 se pokusil uspět jako kandidát na prezidenta, avšak neúspěšně. Po udělení nominace <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">ohijskému</a> senátorovi <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warrenu G. Hardingovi</a> se národní konvence měla rozhodnout, koho nominovat za viceprezidenta. Původně se počítalo s tím, že Harding nominaci nezíská a stane se viceprezidentem. Vedení národní konvence se rozhodlo oslovit kalifornského guvernéra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiram Johnson (stránka neexistuje)">Hirama Johnsona</a>. Ten měl být progresivní rovnováhou ke konzervativnímu Hardingovi. Johnson však nabídku odmítl. Dalším koho vedení oslovilo byl guvernér Wisconsinu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irvine_Lenroot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irvine Lenroot (stránka neexistuje)">Irvine Lenroot</a>. Ten nabídku přijal. Když illinoiský senátor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medill_McCormick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medill McCormick (stránka neexistuje)">Medill McCormick</a> vstal, aby oznámil nominaci Lenroota, několik delegátů nepustilo McCormicka ke slovu a začali křičet: "Coolidge!"</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Harding_%26_Coolidge_LCCN2016828295.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Harding_%26_Coolidge_LCCN2016828295.jpg/247px-Harding_%26_Coolidge_LCCN2016828295.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Harding_%26_Coolidge_LCCN2016828295.jpg/371px-Harding_%26_Coolidge_LCCN2016828295.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Harding_%26_Coolidge_LCCN2016828295.jpg/494px-Harding_%26_Coolidge_LCCN2016828295.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5137" data-file-height="4175" /></a><figcaption>Warren G. Harding s Calvinem Coolidgem</figcaption></figure><p>Jeden delegát z Oregonu následně Coolidge navrhl. Návrh se rychle uchytil a Coolidge byl nečekaně nominován. Historik Donald R. McCoy tento akt označil za první od nominace Jamese Garfielda v roce 1880, kdy „delegáti převzali kontrolu nad republikánským sjezdem“. </p><p>Harding a Coolidge vedli svou kampaň s heslem <i>America first,</i> česky <i>Amerika na prvním místě.</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To mělo dovodit dojem, že <a href="/wiki/Demokratick%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Demokratická strana (USA)">Demokratická strana</a> stojí na straně zájmů <a href="/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_n%C3%A1rody" class="mw-redirect" title="Spojené národy">Spojených národů</a>, kdežto Harding a republikáni stojí na straně práv a zájmů Spojených států. Harding vedl svou kampaň z jeho domovského státu <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohia</a>, kdežto Coolidge se vydal na kontaktní kampaň po východním pobřeží, hlavně po severních státech <a href="/wiki/Jih_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Jih Spojených států amerických">jihu</a>, jakou jsou <a href="/wiki/Virginie" title="Virginie">Virginie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>. Harding s Coolidgem nakonec prezidentské volby drtivě vyhráli nad demokratickým protikandidátem <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Cox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Cox (stránka neexistuje)">Jamesem Coxem</a> a jeho spolukandidátem <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklinem Delano Rooseveltem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Období_ve_funkci"><span id="Obdob.C3.AD_ve_funkci"></span>Období ve funkci</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Období ve funkci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Období ve funkci"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calvin Coolidge nastoupil do své funkce spolu s Warrenem G. Hardingem 4. března 1921. Jako viceprezident hrál Coolidge v Hardingově administrativě jen malou roli, i když se účastnil zasedání kabinetu. Jako předseda Senátu se příliš neprojevoval a věnoval se hlavně veřejným projevům.<sup id="cite_ref-#1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I přes různé skandály prezidenta Warrena G. Hardinga a členů jeho administrativy zůstal Coolidge u americké veřejnosti ve velké oblibě. Vysloužil si pověst čestného a pracovitého muže.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prezidentství"><span id="Prezidentstv.C3.AD"></span>Prezidentství</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Prezidentství" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Prezidentství"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Když se prezident Warren G. Harding připravoval na kampaň za znovuzvolení, rozhodl se vydat na turné po Spojených státech. Avšak v Kalifornii se mu udělalo nevolno a v <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Franciscu</a> nečekaně 2. srpna 1923 zemřel. V té době byl Coolidge na návštěvě své rodiny ve Vermontu, v domě, kde nebyla elektřina ani telefon. Zprávu o úmrtí dostal až od posla v brzkých ranních hodinách. Coolidge se oblékl, pomodlil a složil ve 2:47 hodin ráno přísahu do rukou svého otce, notáře.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poté se vrátil do postele. Druhý den se vrátil do Washingtonu, kde znovu složil přísahu do rukou ústavního soudce <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolph_August_Hoehling_ml.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolph August Hoehling ml. (stránka neexistuje)">Adolpha Hoehlinga ml.</a>, aby předešel všem pochybnostem o své první přísaze. </p><p>Zpočátku se na Coolidge pohlíželo s nedůvěrou. Samo vedení republikánské strany pochybovalo o Coolidgeově schopnosti vést zemi. Rok ve funkci však republikánskou stranu přesvědčil a ta udělila Coolidgeovi nominaci do voleb 1924. Při nich Coolidge vyhrál nad demokratickým kandidátem <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Davis (stránka neexistuje)">Johnem W. Davisem</a> a progresivním kandidátem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_La_Follette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert La Follette (stránka neexistuje)">Robertem La Follettem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politika_a_politické_názory_prezidenta_Coolidge"><span id="Politika_a_politick.C3.A9_n.C3.A1zory_prezidenta_Coolidge"></span>Politika a politické názory prezidenta Coolidge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Politika a politické názory prezidenta Coolidge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Politika a politické názory prezidenta Coolidge"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Politika Calvina Coolidge se vyznačovala <a href="/wiki/Konzervatismus" title="Konzervatismus">konzervativismem</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ekonomick%C3%BD_liberalismus" title="Ekonomický liberalismus">ekonomickým liberalismem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Imigrace">Imigrace</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editace sekce: Imigrace" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Imigrace"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V roce 1924 podepsal Coolidge zákon o imigraci.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten se stal jedním z nejpřísnějších imigračních zákonů v moderní historii Spojených států. Zákon povoloval imigraci do USA pouze osobám s vysokoškolským vzděláním a zakazoval imigraci z Asie a Mexika. Dále určil maximální hranici počtu přijetí imigrantů za rok, která tvořila 2 % z celkového počtu obyvatel států. Tato hranice byla roku 1927 zrušena a zvýšena 150 000 imigrantů za rok.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prezident Coolidge poznamenal, že Amerika musí zůstat americkou.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Imigrační zákon v té době pobouřil japonskou vládu, která vyvolala mezinárodní protest a posilovala protiamerický sentiment.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zákon totiž zrušil neformální takzvanou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentlemansk%C3%A1_dohoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentlemanská dohoda (stránka neexistuje)">Gentlemanskou dohodu</a> z roku 1907, která zaručovala imigraci Japonců do Spojených států bez jakéhokoliv omezení.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ekonomika">Ekonomika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editace sekce: Ekonomika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Ekonomika"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prezident Coolidge je často označován jako zastánce ekonomické teorie <a href="/wiki/Laissez_faire" title="Laissez faire">laissez faire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Někteří historici však tvrdí, že ekonomická politika Calvina Coolidge je špatně chápána. Podle nich Coolidge byl odpůrce zásahů do ekonomiky, protože byl přesvědčen, že ekonomickou politiku si musí tvořit každý stát Unie sám.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Za jeho prezidentství došlo ke snížení státního dluhu Spojených států z 22,3 miliard na 16,9 miliard dolarů, což činilo celkové snížení o 24,2 %.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coolidge se tak stal posledním americkým prezidentem, za jehož vlády došlo ke snížení dluhu.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calvin Coolidge spolu s ministrem financí <a href="/wiki/Andrew_William_Mellon" title="Andrew William Mellon">Andrewem Mellonem</a> prosadil tři velké daňové škrty. Jedním z nejvýznamnějších škrtů byl zákon o příjmech z roku 1924, také známý jako Mellonův zákon o daních, který měl výrazně snížit sazby daně z příjmu. Kvůli opozici v kongresu však muselo být nakonec do zákona dopsáno vytvoření nové daně z darů a zvýšení daně z nemovitosti.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zahraniční_politika"><span id="Zahrani.C4.8Dn.C3.AD_politika"></span>Zahraniční politika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editace sekce: Zahraniční politika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=13" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zahraniční politika"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coolidge pokračoval v izolacionistické politice svého předchůdce prezidenta Hardinga. Sám byl odpůrcem války a dával větší přednost dění v Americe než v zahraničí. I přesto jeho diplomacie pomohla zlepšit vztahy Spojených států a latinskoamerických zemí, které byly zhoršeny intervencionistickou politikou prezidenta <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrowa Wilsona</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mexiko">Mexiko</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editace sekce: Mexiko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=14" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Mexiko"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Coolidge-Dawes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Coolidge-Dawes.jpg/220px-Coolidge-Dawes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Coolidge-Dawes.jpg/330px-Coolidge-Dawes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Coolidge-Dawes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>Calvin Coolidge s viceprezidentem Charlesem Dawesem</figcaption></figure> <p>Calvin Coolidge již na počátku musel řešit problémy se sousedním Mexikem. V roce 1923 jeho administrativa uznala vládu <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Obreg%C3%B3n" title="Álvaro Obregón">Álvara Obregóna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coolidge se snažil navázat na politiku Warrena G. Hardinga a vyjednat s Mexikem změnu mexické ústavy, hlavně článek 27, který umožňuje Mexiku v případě "veřejného zájmu" znárodnit soukromý majetek a reguluje množství nerostných surovin, které mohou zahraniční společnosti vytěžit . Jednání bylo úspěšné a americké společnosti jako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas oil (stránka neexistuje)">Texas Oil</a> získaly plná práva na mexickém trhu.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obrat nastal v roce 1924, kdy se prezidentem Mexika stal generál <a href="/wiki/Plutarco_El%C3%ADas_Calles" title="Plutarco Elías Calles">Plutarco Elías Calles</a>. Ten zrušil americké výhody na mexickém trhu a uplatnil článek 27.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ministr zahraničí Spojených státu amerických <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a> vyhrožoval Mexiku válkou. Ačkoliv se po činu prezidenta Callese zvedl odpor a někteří politici vyzývali k okamžité válce, prezident Coolidge zůstal klidný a pokoušel se situaci vyřešit diplomaticky. Sám neviděl ve válce s Mexikem žádný smysl.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>V roce 1927 prezident Calles nakonec vyřadil americké ropné společnosti z mexického trhu. V září 1927 proběhl telefonní hovor mezi Coolidgem a Callesem, při kterém se domluvilo zlepšení vztahů mezi oběma zeměmi.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coolidge nechal vyměnit velvyslance <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Rockwell_Sheffield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Rockwell Sheffield (stránka neexistuje)">Jamese Rockwella Sheffielda</a> za svého přítele bankéře <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwight_Morrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dwight Morrow (stránka neexistuje)">Dwighta Morrowa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morrowovi se podařilo vyjednat změnu mexických zákonů, což se stalo diplomatickým úspěchem Coolidgeovy administrativy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Latinská_Amerika"><span id="Latinsk.C3.A1_Amerika"></span>Latinská Amerika</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editace sekce: Latinská Amerika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=15" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Latinská Amerika"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calvin Coolidge na počátku roku 1925 rozhodl o stažení amerických vojsk z Nikaraguy, kterou Američané okupovali od roku 1912. V roce 1926 však po převratu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emiliano_Chamorro_Vargas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (stránka neexistuje)">Emiliana Chamorra Vargase</a> vypukla v Nikaragui občanská válka. Vargas však nedokázal v konzervativní frakci udržet moc a byl nahrazen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolfo_Diaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolfo Diaz (stránka neexistuje)">Adolfem Diazem</a>. Diaz požádal Spojené státy o vojenskou intervenci. Coolidge poslal do Nikaraguy několik set mariňáků a bývalého ministra války <a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Henryho L. Stimsona</a>, který vyjednal mír mezi povstalci a vládou, aniž by byli američtí mariňáci použiti k boji. Americké jednotky nicméně nadále zůstaly na území Nikaraguy až do roku 1933, kdy byly staženy prezidentem <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbertem Hooverem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coolidgeova administrativa také dokončila stahovaní vojsk z Dominikánské republiky, které byla obsazena v roce 1916 na příkaz prezidenta <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrowa Wilsona</a>. Coolidge pomohl na Dominikánské republice vybudovat policejní síly, které měly zajistit stabilitu v zemi. 18. září 1924 poslední američtí vojáci opustili dominikánské území a tím skončila americká okupace.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calvin Coolidge byl také posledním prezidentem, který navštívil <a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kubu</a>, až do návštěvy <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Baracka Obamy</a> v roce 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mírová_Iniciativa"><span id="M.C3.ADrov.C3.A1_Iniciativa"></span>Mírová Iniciativa</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editace sekce: Mírová Iniciativa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=16" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Mírová Iniciativa"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coolidge byl odpůrcem válek a proto se snažil spolu s ministrem zahraničí Frankem Kellogem snížit napětí ve světě. Nejvýznamnějším pokrokem bylo podepsání <a href="/wiki/Briand%C5%AFv%E2%80%93Kellogg%C5%AFv_pakt" title="Briandův–Kelloggův pakt">Briandova–Kelloggova paktu</a> 17. ledna 1929. Ten vyloučil možnost války jako řešení sporů mezi státy. Obecně zavrhoval války kromě válek obranných. K němu se připojilo 62 států, avšak nebyl závazný.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalším úspěchem Coolidgeovy administrativy bylo schválení takzvaného <a href="/wiki/Dawes%C5%AFv_pl%C3%A1n" title="Dawesův plán">Dawesova plánu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rasové_problémy_a_občanská_práva"><span id="Rasov.C3.A9_probl.C3.A9my_a_ob.C4.8Dansk.C3.A1_pr.C3.A1va"></span>Rasové problémy a občanská práva</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editace sekce: Rasové problémy a občanská práva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=17" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Rasové problémy a občanská práva"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Calvin Coolidge se již od začátku svého prezidentství pokoušel omezit vliv rasistické organizace <a href="/wiki/Ku-klux-klan" title="Ku-klux-klan">Ku-klux-klan</a>. Několikrát proti klanu vystoupil, avšak politicky se této problematice příliš nevěnoval. </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Coolidge_w-Indians_LCCN2016863103.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Coolidge_w-Indians_LCCN2016863103.tif/lossy-page1-260px-Coolidge_w-Indians_LCCN2016863103.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Coolidge_w-Indians_LCCN2016863103.tif/lossy-page1-390px-Coolidge_w-Indians_LCCN2016863103.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Coolidge_w-Indians_LCCN2016863103.tif/lossy-page1-520px-Coolidge_w-Indians_LCCN2016863103.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10046" data-file-height="8027" /></a><figcaption>Calvin Coolidge (uprostřed) spolu s domorodými Američany před Bílým domem</figcaption></figure><p>Calvin Coolidge podepsal v červnu 1924 zákon o indiánském občanství, který udělil občanství všem <a href="/wiki/Domorod%C3%AD_obyvatel%C3%A9_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Domorodí obyvatelé Spojených států amerických">domorodým obyvatelům</a>, kteří se narodili na území Spojených států amerických.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To umožnilo domorodým Američanům získat v některých státech volební právo a poskytl jim vládní ochranu před podvodnými nákupy půdy.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ačkoliv tento zákon patřil k nejdůležitějším právním předpisům týkajících se Indiánů v první polovině dvacátého století, dostala se mu pouze malá mediální pozornost a sám Coolidge se o něm ani ve své biografii nezmínil.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jako symbol vděčnosti byl Coolidge přijat v roce 1927 mezi členy kmenu <a href="/wiki/Lakotov%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakotové">Lakotů</a>, kde získal indiánské jméno Wanblí Tokáhe (Vládnoucí orel).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coolidge se vymezoval proti rasismu a diskriminaci. 6. června 1924 prezident Coolidge vystoupil na <a href="/wiki/Harvardova_univerzita" title="Harvardova univerzita">Harvardově univerzitě</a>, což byla jediná univerzita v USA, kde mohli studovat Afroameričané. Zde se ve svém projevu vymezil proti předsudkům vůči této minoritě a poděkoval jim za rychlý pokrok ve studiu i za přínos americké společnosti. Coolidge veřejně odsuzoval rasismus, což je patrné i z jeho projevů.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse: collapse; display: block; background-color: transparent; overflow: auto;"> <tbody><tr style="font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif;"> <td style="color: #aad; font-size: 400%; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom; padding-bottom: .7ex; _padding-bottom: .6ex;">„ </td> <td style="font-size: 110%; font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">Barevní lidé opakovaně prokázali svou oddanost vysokým ideálům naší země. Své služby ve válce poskytli se stejným vlastenectvím a připraveností jako ostatní občané .... Propaganda předsudků a nenávisti, která se snažila udržet barevné muže od podpory národní věci, zcela selhala. Černoch se ukázal jako stejný druh občana, dojatý stejným druhem vlastenectví jako bílý muž </td> <td style="color: #aad; font-size: 400%; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top; padding-top: .3ex;">“ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><cite style="font-style: normal;">— Calvin Coolidge v projevu před afroamerickými veterány</cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Coolidge se v roce 1924 zastal afroamerického kandidáta do kongresu.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coolidgeova nadace dále darovala Harvardově univerzitě 500 000 dolarů na lékařské programy pro afroamerické studenty.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coolidge věřil, že tento krok povede k lepší zdravotní péči o afroamerické pacienty. Také věřil, že přibude afroamerických odborníků, což povede k postupnému vymizení rasismu.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Podle historika Kurta Schmokeho tato prezidentova podpora pomohla vybudovat střední třídu afroamerické komunity.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vláda_Calvina_Coolidge"><span id="Vl.C3.A1da_Calvina_Coolidge"></span>Vláda Calvina Coolidge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Editace sekce: Vláda Calvina Coolidge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=18" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vláda Calvina Coolidge"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" style="float: left; margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0; border:1px solid #000000;font-size:85%;" align="left"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" bgcolor="#dcdcdc">Vláda Calvina Coolidge </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>Úřad</b></td> <td align="left"><b>Osoba</b></td> <td align="left"><b>Období</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000"> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prezident_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Prezident Spojených států amerických">Prezident</a></td> <td align="left"><b>Calvin Coolidge</b></td> <td align="left">1923–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Viceprezident_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Viceprezident Spojených států amerických">Viceprezident</a></td> <td align="left"><i>Nejmenován</i></td> <td align="left">1923–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gates_Dawes" title="Charles Gates Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a></b></td> <td align="left">1925–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" bgcolor="#000000"> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr zahraničí</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a></b></td> <td align="left">1923–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></b></td> <td align="left">1925–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr financí</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Andrew_William_Mellon" title="Andrew William Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a></b></td> <td align="left">1923–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr války</td> <td align="left"><b>John W. Weeks</b></td> <td align="left">1923–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b>Dwight F. Davis</b></td> <td align="left">1925–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr spravedlnosti</td> <td align="left"><b>Harry M. Daugherty</b></td> <td align="left">1923–1924 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Fiske_Stone" title="Harlan Fiske Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a></b></td> <td align="left">1924–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b>John G. Sargent</b></td> <td align="left">1925–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr pošt</td> <td align="left"><b>Harry S. New</b></td> <td align="left">1923–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr námořnictva</td> <td align="left"><b>Edwin Denby</b></td> <td align="left">1923–1924 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b>Curtis D. Wilbur</b></td> <td align="left">1924–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr vnitra</td> <td align="left"><b>Hubert Work</b></td> <td align="left">1923–1928 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b>Roy O. West</b></td> <td align="left">1928–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr zemědělství</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_C._Wallace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry C. Wallace (stránka neexistuje)">Henry C. Wallace</a></b></td> <td align="left">1923–1924 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b>Howard M. Gore</b></td> <td align="left">1924–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b>William M. Jardine</b></td> <td align="left">1925–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr obchodu</td> <td align="left"><b> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></b></td> <td align="left">1923–1928 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left"><b>William F. Whiting</b></td> <td align="left">1928–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ministr práce</td> <td align="left"><b>James J. Davis</b></td> <td align="left">1923–1929 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Coolidge_Cabinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coolidge_Cabinet.jpg/720px-Coolidge_Cabinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="720" height="545" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coolidge_Cabinet.jpg/1080px-Coolidge_Cabinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coolidge_Cabinet.jpg/1440px-Coolidge_Cabinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4458" data-file-height="3373" /></a><figcaption>Calvin Coolidge s vládou</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozdní_život_a_smrt"><span id="Pozdn.C3.AD_.C5.BEivot_a_smrt"></span>Pozdní život a smrt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Editace sekce: Pozdní život a smrt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=19" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozdní život a smrt"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V létě roku 1927 Calvin Coolidge oznámil, že se již nebude ucházet o druhé ucelené volební období ve funkci prezidenta.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Po skončení mandátu v lednu 1929 odešel zpět do <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northamptonu</a>. </p><p>V roce 1932 několik republikánských představitelů založilo hnutí Draft Coolidge, které se mělo pokusit Calvina Coolidge přesvědčit, aby v prezidentských volbách 1932 kandidoval místo Herberta Hoovera. Coolidge však veškeré nabídky odmítl.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ke konci svého života se svěřil, že již světu nerozumí a připadá si, že do své doby již nepatří.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5. ledna 1933 si Coolidge po obědě šel odpočinout do své ložnice, kde zkolaboval a ve věku 60 let zemřel. <sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=20" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=21" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> 'Silent Cal' | History Today. <i>www.historytoday.com</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/silent-cal">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.historytoday.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fsilent-cal&rft.atitle=%27Silent+Cal%27+%7C+History+Today"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">KOVÁŘ, Martin. <i>Prezidenti rozdělené Ameriky</i>. 1. vyd. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2020. 223 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-907780-1-6" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-907780-1-6"><span class="ISBN">978-80-907780-1-6</span></a></span>. S. 46–47.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Prezidenti+rozd%C4%9Blen%C3%A9+Ameriky&rft.isbn=978-80-907780-1-6&rft.aulast=Kov%C3%A1%C5%99&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2020&rft.edition=1&rft.tpages=223&rft.pages=46%E2%80%9347"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> A Biographical Sketch of Calvin Coolidge. <i>www.coolidgefoundation.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coolidgefoundation.org/presidency/a-biographical-sketch-of-calvin-coolidge/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.coolidgefoundation.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coolidgefoundation.org%2Fpresidency%2Fa-biographical-sketch-of-calvin-coolidge%2F&rft.atitle=A+Biographical+Sketch+of+Calvin+Coolidge"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">EDITORS, History com. Calvin Coolidge. <i>HISTORY</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/calvin-coolidge">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fus-presidents%2Fcalvin-coolidge&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge&rft.aulast=Editors&rft.aufirst=History+com"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Amherst’s History | Amherst Today | Amherst College. <i>www.amherst.edu</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amherst.edu/amherst-story/today/history">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.amherst.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amherst.edu%2Famherst-story%2Ftoday%2Fhistory&rft.atitle=Amherst%E2%80%99s+History+%7C+Amherst+Today+%7C+Amherst+College"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Phi Gamma Delta. <i>www.phigam.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210626151922/https://www.phigam.org/portraits">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phigam.org/portraits">originálu</a> dne 2021-06-26.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.phigam.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phigam.org%2Fportraits&rft.atitle=Phi+Gamma+Delta"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge: Life Before the Presidency | Miller Center. <i>millercenter.org</i> [online]. 2016-10-04 [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/president/coolidge/life-before-the-presidency">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=millercenter.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fcoolidge%2Flife-before-the-presidency&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge%3A+Life+Before+the+Presidency+%7C+Miller+Center&rft.date=2016-10-04"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge. <i>Biography</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/us-president/calvin-coolidge">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fus-president%2Fcalvin-coolidge&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">EDITORS, History com. Calvin Coolidge. <i>HISTORY</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/calvin-coolidge">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fus-presidents%2Fcalvin-coolidge&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge&rft.aulast=Editors&rft.aufirst=History+com"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> U.S. Senate: Calvin Coolidge, 29th Vice President (1921-1923). <i>www.senate.gov</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/VP_Calvin_Coolidge.htm">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.senate.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fabout%2Fofficers-staff%2Fvice-president%2FVP_Calvin_Coolidge.htm&rft.atitle=U.S.+Senate%3A+Calvin+Coolidge%2C+29th+Vice+President+%281921-1923%29"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Archivovaná kopie. <i>malegislature.gov</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210626151921/https://malegislature.gov/VirtualTour/Artifact/90">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://malegislature.gov/VirtualTour/Artifact/90">originálu</a> dne 2021-06-26.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=malegislature.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmalegislature.gov%2FVirtualTour%2FArtifact%2F90&rft.atitle=Archivovan%C3%A1+kopie"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Our Campaigns - Candidate - Channing H. Cox. <i>www.ourcampaigns.com</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=104102">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FCandidateDetail.html%3FCandidateID%3D104102&rft.atitle=Our+Campaigns+-+Candidate+-+Channing+H.+Cox"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">EDITORS, History com. The Boston police department goes on strike. <i>HISTORY</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-boston-police-department-goes-on-strike">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fthe-boston-police-department-goes-on-strike&rft.atitle=The+Boston+police+department+goes+on+strike&rft.aulast=Editors&rft.aufirst=History+com"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_14-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_14-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Boston Police Strike | United States history. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-03-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Boston-Police-Strike">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FBoston-Police-Strike&rft.atitle=Boston+Police+Strike+%7C+United+States+history"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge, Have Faith in Massachusetts: A Collection of Speeches and Messages, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1919.. <i>millercenter.org</i> [online]. 2016-10-07 [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coolidgefoundation.org/resources/a-telegram-to-samuel-gompers/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=millercenter.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fresources%2Fa-telegram-to-samuel-gompers%2F&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge%2C+Have+Faith+in+Massachusetts%3A+A+Collection+of+Speeches+and+Messages%2C+2nd+ed.+Boston%3A+Houghton+Mifflin+Company%2C+1919.&rft.date=2016-10-07"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Harding, Coolidge, and immigration | Miller Center. <i>millercenter.org</i> [online]. 2016-07-06 [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/issues-policy/us-domestic-policy/harding-coolidge-and-immigration">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=millercenter.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fissues-policy%2Fus-domestic-policy%2Fharding-coolidge-and-immigration&rft.atitle=Harding%2C+Coolidge%2C+and+immigration+%7C+Miller+Center&rft.date=2016-07-06"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Presidential Election of 1920. <i>270toWin.com</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.270towin.com/1920_Election/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=270toWin.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.270towin.com%2F1920_Election%2F&rft.atitle=Presidential+Election+of+1920"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">ANDREW GLASS. Calvin Coolidge dies at age 60, Jan. 5, 1933. <i>POLITICO</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politi.co/2F7jlMT">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoliti.co%2F2F7jlMT&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge+dies+at+age+60%2C+Jan.+5%2C+1933&rft.aulast=Andrew+Glass"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Coolidge: Humble Advocate for the Law - TBA Law Blog. <i>www.tba.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tba.org/index.cfm?pg=LawBlog&blAction=showEntry&blogEntry=27114">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.tba.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tba.org%2Findex.cfm%3Fpg%3DLawBlog%26blAction%3DshowEntry%26blogEntry%3D27114&rft.atitle=Coolidge%3A+Humble+Advocate+for+the+Law+-+TBA+Law+Blog"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Presidential Election of 1924. <i>270toWin.com</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.270towin.com/1924_Election/index.html">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=270toWin.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.270towin.com%2F1924_Election%2Findex.html&rft.atitle=Presidential+Election+of+1924"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">MOORE, John A. The Original Supply Siders: Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. <i>The Independent Review</i>. 2014, roč. 18, čís. 4, s. 597–618. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24563172">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1086-1653">1086-1653</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+Review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24563172&rft.atitle=The+Original+Supply+Siders%3A+Warren+Harding+and+Calvin+Coolidge&rft.date=2014&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=597%E2%80%93618&rft.issn=1086-1653&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John+A."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge: the 30th President (article). <i>Khan Academy</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/1920s-america/a/the-presidency-of-calvin-coolidge">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Khan+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khanacademy.org%2Fhumanities%2Fus-history%2Frise-to-world-power%2F1920s-america%2Fa%2Fthe-presidency-of-calvin-coolidge&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge%3A+the+30th+President+%28article%29"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> <i>www.cato.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cato.org/blog/reflections-immigration-act-1924">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.cato.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cato.org%2Fblog%2Freflections-immigration-act-1924"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">EDITORS, History com. President Coolidge signs Immigration Act of 1924. <i>HISTORY</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/coolidge-signs-stringent-immigration-law">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fcoolidge-signs-stringent-immigration-law&rft.atitle=President+Coolidge+signs+Immigration+Act+of+1924&rft.aulast=Editors&rft.aufirst=History+com"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">MADEO. May 26, 1924 | Immigration Act of 1924 Prohibits Immigration from Asia. <i>calendar.eji.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/may/26">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=calendar.eji.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalendar.eji.org%2Fracial-injustice%2Fmay%2F26&rft.atitle=May+26%2C+1924+%7C+Immigration+Act+of+1924+Prohibits+Immigration+from+Asia&rft.aulast=MADEO"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> What History Can Tell Us About the Fallout From Restricting Immigration. <i>Time</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4659392/history-fallout-restricting-immigration/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4659392%2Fhistory-fallout-restricting-immigration%2F&rft.atitle=What+History+Can+Tell+Us+About+the+Fallout+From+Restricting+Immigration"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">EDITORS, History com. Gentlemen’s Agreement. <i>HISTORY</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/gentlemens-agreement">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fimmigration%2Fgentlemens-agreement&rft.atitle=Gentlemen%E2%80%99s+Agreement&rft.aulast=Editors&rft.aufirst=History+com"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1924, Volume II - Office of the Historian. <i>history.state.gov</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1924v02/d299">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=history.state.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1924v02%2Fd299&rft.atitle=Papers+Relating+to+the+Foreign+Relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1924%2C+Volume+II+-+Office+of+the+Historian"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge - Ohio History Central. <i>ohiohistorycentral.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Calvin_Coolidge">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=ohiohistorycentral.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fohiohistorycentral.org%2Fw%2FCalvin_Coolidge&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge+-+Ohio+History+Central"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> The attitude and policies of the Republican presidents - Economic boom - WJEC - GCSE History Revision - WJEC. <i>BBC Bitesize</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zw9wb82/revision/2">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=BBC+Bitesize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fzw9wb82%2Frevision%2F2&rft.atitle=The+attitude+and+policies+of+the+Republican+presidents+-+Economic+boom+-+WJEC+-+GCSE+History+Revision+-+WJEC"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">GREENBERG, David. <i>Calvin Coolidge</i>. [s.l.]: Times Books 234 s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/calvincoolidge00gree">Dostupné online</a>. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-0-8050-6957-0" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-0-8050-6957-0"><span class="ISBN">978-0-8050-6957-0</span></a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Calvin+Coolidge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcalvincoolidge00gree&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-6957-0&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=David&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.tpages=234"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> US Debt by President | Chart & Per President Deficit | Self.. <i>www.self.inc</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.self.inc/info/us-debt-by-president/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.self.inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.self.inc%2Finfo%2Fus-debt-by-president%2F&rft.atitle=US+Debt+by+President+%7C+Chart+%26+Per+President+Deficit+%7C+Self."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">LANGLOIS, Shawn. How much each U.S. president has contributed to the national debt. <i>MarketWatch</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-much-each-us-president-has-contributed-to-the-national-debt-2018-10-29">Dostupné online</a>. (EN-US)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=MarketWatch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fhow-much-each-us-president-has-contributed-to-the-national-debt-2018-10-29&rft.atitle=How+much+each+U.S.+president+has+contributed+to+the+national+debt&rft.aulast=Langlois&rft.aufirst=Shawn"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Tax History Project -- Peas in a Pod -- Mellon, Coolidge, and the Revenue Act of 1924. <i>www.taxhistory.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/ArtWeb/E259B14C1AA263CE85257BE400723DF4?OpenDocument">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=www.taxhistory.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taxhistory.org%2Fthp%2Freadings.nsf%2FArtWeb%2FE259B14C1AA263CE85257BE400723DF4%3FOpenDocument&rft.atitle=Tax+History+Project+--+Peas+in+a+Pod+--+Mellon%2C+Coolidge%2C+and+the+Revenue+Act+of+1924"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Foreign Policy. <i>coolidgefoundation.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-27]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coolidgefoundation.org/presidency/foreign-policy/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=coolidgefoundation.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fpresidency%2Fforeign-policy%2F&rft.atitle=Foreign+Policy"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">SLOAN, John W. United States Policy Responses to the Mexican Revolution: A Partial Application of the Bureaucratic Politics Model. <i>Journal of Latin American Studies</i>. 1978, roč. 10, čís. 2, s. 283–308. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/156030">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2021-06-27]. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0022-216X">0022-216X</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Latin+American+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F156030&rft.atitle=United+States+Policy+Responses+to+the+Mexican+Revolution%3A+A+Partial+Application+of+the+Bureaucratic+Politics+Model&rft.date=1978&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=283%E2%80%93308&rft.issn=0022-216X&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=John+W."><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Mexico - The Mexican Revolution and its aftermath, 1910–40. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mexico">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMexico&rft.atitle=Mexico+-+The+Mexican+Revolution+and+its+aftermath%2C+1910%E2%80%9340"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Foreign Policy. <i>coolidgefoundation.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coolidgefoundation.org/presidency/foreign-policy/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=coolidgefoundation.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fpresidency%2Fforeign-policy%2F&rft.atitle=Foreign+Policy"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">TIMES, Special to The New York. CALLES, ON 'PHONE, GREETS COOLIDGE; At Opening of New Service Both Presidents Predict It Will Improve Relations. NEEDLESS DISPUTE DECRIED Calles Hopes for New Era That Will End Clashes -- Ceremonies in Two Capitals. CALLES, ON PHONE, GREETS COOLIDGE. <i>The New York Times</i>. 1927-09-30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/09/30/archives/calles-on-phone-greets-coolidge-at-opening-of-new-service-both.html">Dostupné online</a> [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F09%2F30%2Farchives%2Fcalles-on-phone-greets-coolidge-at-opening-of-new-service-both.html&rft.atitle=CALLES%2C+ON+%27PHONE%2C+GREETS+COOLIDGE%3B+At+Opening+of+New+Service+Both+Presidents+Predict+It+Will+Improve+Relations.+NEEDLESS+DISPUTE+DECRIED+Calles+Hopes+for+New+Era+That+Will+End+Clashes+--+Ceremonies+in+Two+Capitals.+CALLES%2C+ON+PHONE%2C+GREETS+COOLIDGE&rft.date=1927-09-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Special+to+The+New+York"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> The story of Dwight W. Morrow. <i>Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/31001785">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.+20540+USA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flccn.loc.gov%2F31001785&rft.atitle=The+story+of+Dwight+W.+Morrow"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">KAIOLOGY. <i>Kai's Coolidge Blog</i> [online]. 2011-04-30 [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kaiology.wordpress.com/2011/04/30/the-absent-minded-ambassador/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Kai%27s+Coolidge+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkaiology.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F04%2F30%2Fthe-absent-minded-ambassador%2F&rft.aulast=kaiology"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">ANDREW GLASS. Marines withdraw from Nicaragua, Jan. 2, 1933. <i>POLITICO</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politi.co/2F4UCZw">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoliti.co%2F2F4UCZw&rft.atitle=Marines+withdraw+from+Nicaragua%2C+Jan.+2%2C+1933&rft.aulast=Andrew+Glass"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge - Key Events | Miller Center. <i>millercenter.org</i> [online]. 2016-10-07 [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/president/calvin-coolidge/key-events">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=millercenter.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fcalvin-coolidge%2Fkey-events&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge+-+Key+Events+%7C+Miller+Center&rft.date=2016-10-07"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Foreign Policy. <i>coolidgefoundation.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coolidgefoundation.org/presidency/foreign-policy/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=coolidgefoundation.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fpresidency%2Fforeign-policy%2F&rft.atitle=Foreign+Policy"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> President Calvin Coolidge Posing with American Indians at White House, February 18, 1925. <i>IDCA</i> [online]. 2018-07-09 [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iowaculture.gov/history/education/educator-resources/primary-source-sets/right-to-vote-suffrage-women-african/president-calvin-coolidge">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=IDCA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiowaculture.gov%2Fhistory%2Feducation%2Feducator-resources%2Fprimary-source-sets%2Fright-to-vote-suffrage-women-african%2Fpresident-calvin-coolidge&rft.atitle=President+Calvin+Coolidge+Posing+with+American+Indians+at+White+House%2C+February+18%2C+1925&rft.date=2018-07-09"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">MAIR, Edward. Which US presidents actually tried to benefit Native Americans? Here's what history says. <i>The Conversation</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/which-us-presidents-actually-tried-to-benefit-native-americans-heres-what-history-says-80331">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhich-us-presidents-actually-tried-to-benefit-native-americans-heres-what-history-says-80331&rft.atitle=Which+US+presidents+actually+tried+to+benefit+Native+Americans%3F+Here%27s+what+history+says&rft.aulast=Mair&rft.aufirst=Edward"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">LANDRY, Alysa. Calvin Coolidge: First Sitting Prez Adopted by Tribe Starts Desecration of Mount Rushmore. <i>Indian Country Today</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/calvin-coolidge-first-sitting-prez-adopted-by-tribe-starts-desecration-of-mount-rushmore">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Indian+Country+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiancountrytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fcalvin-coolidge-first-sitting-prez-adopted-by-tribe-starts-desecration-of-mount-rushmore&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge%3A+First+Sitting+Prez+Adopted+by+Tribe+Starts+Desecration+of+Mount+Rushmore&rft.aulast=Landry&rft.aufirst=Alysa"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">NOVEMBER 30, Cécile R. Ganteaume |; 2017. <i>Zócalo Public Square</i> [online]. 2017-11-30 [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zocalopublicsquare.org/2017/11/30/calvin-coolidge-didnt-understand-native-americans/ideas/essay/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Z%C3%B3calo+Public+Square&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zocalopublicsquare.org%2F2017%2F11%2F30%2Fcalvin-coolidge-didnt-understand-native-americans%2Fideas%2Fessay%2F&rft.aulast=November+30&rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9cile+R.+Ganteaume+%7C&rft.au=2017%2C+"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_49-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_49-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> President Calvin Coolidge: Civil Rights Pioneer. <i>coolidgefoundation.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coolidgefoundation.org/blog/president-calvin-coolidge-civil-rights-pioneer/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=coolidgefoundation.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fblog%2Fpresident-calvin-coolidge-civil-rights-pioneer%2F&rft.atitle=President+Calvin+Coolidge%3A+Civil+Rights+Pioneer"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Coolidge and Civil Rights | Forbes Library</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forbeslibrary.org/coolidge/coolidge-and-civil-rights/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Coolidge+and+Civil+Rights+%7C+Forbes+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforbeslibrary.org%2Fcoolidge%2Fcoolidge-and-civil-rights%2F"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> President Calvin Coolidge: Civil Rights Pioneer. <i>coolidgefoundation.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coolidgefoundation.org/blog/president-calvin-coolidge-civil-rights-pioneer/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=coolidgefoundation.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fblog%2Fpresident-calvin-coolidge-civil-rights-pioneer%2F&rft.atitle=President+Calvin+Coolidge%3A+Civil+Rights+Pioneer"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">SCHMOKE, Kurt. <i>The little known History of Coolidge and Civil Rights</i> [online]. Listopad 2016 [cit. 2021-06-25]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coolidgefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/TheCoolidgeQuarterly_October2016.pdf">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=The+little+known+History+of+Coolidge+and+Civil+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F01%2FTheCoolidgeQuarterly_October2016.pdf&rft.aulast=Schmoke&rft.aufirst=Kurt"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> United States presidential election of 1928 | United States government. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1928">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FUnited-States-presidential-election-of-1928&rft.atitle=United+States+presidential+election+of+1928+%7C+United+States+government"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge: Defender of the Republican Party. <i>coolidgefoundation.org</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coolidgefoundation.org/blog/calvin-coolidge-defender-of-the-republican-party/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=coolidgefoundation.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoolidgefoundation.org%2Fblog%2Fcalvin-coolidge-defender-of-the-republican-party%2F&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge%3A+Defender+of+the+Republican+Party"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge. <i>The White House</i> [online]. [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/calvin-coolidge/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fabout-the-white-house%2Fpresidents%2Fcalvin-coolidge%2F&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Calvin Coolidge: Life After the Presidency | Miller Center. <i>millercenter.org</i> [online]. 2016-10-04 [cit. 2021-06-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/president/coolidge/life-after-the-presidency">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=millercenter.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Fcoolidge%2Flife-after-the-presidency&rft.atitle=Calvin+Coolidge%3A+Life+After+the+Presidency+%7C+Miller+Center&rft.date=2016-10-04"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&action=edit&section=22" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Calvin_Coolidge" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-wikiquote"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text"><span class="sisterproject_text_prefix">Osoba </span><span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" class="extiw" title="q:Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></span><span class="sisterproject_text_suffix"> ve Wikicitátech</span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Prezidenti USA"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Prezident_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Prezident Spojených států amerických">Prezidenti Spojených států amerických</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2"> <div> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington (bezp., F)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams (F)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson (SR)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison (SR)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe (SR)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams (SR)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison † (W)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler (W, bezp.)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor † (W)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore (W)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln †* (R,U)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson (U)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield †* (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley †* (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding † (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calvin Coolidge (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Clark Hoover (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt † (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy">John Fitzgerald Kennedy †* (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a></span></div> </td> <td rowspan="1" class="navbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pečeť (znak) prezidenta Spojených států"><img alt="Pečeť (znak) prezidenta Spojených států" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><i>Legenda:</i>  <span style="white-space:nowrap">(F) – <a href="/wiki/Federalistick%C3%A1_strana" title="Federalistická strana">federalista</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(SR) – <a href="/wiki/Demokraticky-republik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_strana" title="Demokraticky-republikánská strana">„starorepublikán“</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(W) – <a href="/wiki/Strana_Whig%C5%AF" title="Strana Whigů">whig</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(D) – <a href="/wiki/Demokratick%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Demokratická strana (USA)">demokrat</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(R) – <a href="/wiki/Republik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Republikánská strana (USA)">republikán</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(U) – <a href="/wiki/Strana_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_unie_(USA)" title="Strana národní unie (USA)">unionista</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(bezp.) – bezpartijní </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">† – zemřel v úřadě</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">* – zavražděn v úřadě</span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Seznam_prezident%C5%AF_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Seznam prezidentů Spojených států amerických">Seznam prezidentů</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Viceprezidenti USA"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17064757"><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Viceprezident_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Viceprezident Spojených států amerických">Viceprezidenti Spojených států amerických</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2"> <div> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (F) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (SR) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a> (SR) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(viceprezident)" title="George Clinton (viceprezident)">George Clinton</a> (SR) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a> (SR) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a> (SR) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (W) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">George M. Dallas</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (W) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hannibal Hamlin</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (U) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Schuyler Colfax</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wheeler" title="William A. Wheeler">William A. Wheeler</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Levi_P._Morton" title="Levi P. Morton">Levi P. Morton</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adlai_E._Stevenson" title="Adlai E. Stevenson">Adlai E. Stevenson</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">Garret Hobart</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Charles W. Fairbanks</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Riley_Marshall" title="Thomas Riley Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calvin Coolidge</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gates_Dawes" title="Charles Gates Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">John Nance Garner</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alben_William_Barkley" title="Alben William Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R) ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harrisov%C3%A1" title="Kamala Harrisová">Kamala Harrisová</a> (D)</span></div> </td> <td rowspan="1" class="navbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><i>Legenda:</i> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(F) – <a href="/wiki/Federalistick%C3%A1_strana" title="Federalistická strana">federalista</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(SR) – <a href="/wiki/Demokraticky-republik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_strana" title="Demokraticky-republikánská strana">„starorepublikán“</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(W) – <a href="/wiki/Strana_Whig%C5%AF" title="Strana Whigů">whig</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(D) – <a href="/wiki/Demokratick%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Demokratická strana (USA)">demokrat</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(R) – <a href="/wiki/Republik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Republikánská strana (USA)">republikán</a> </span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(U) – <a href="/wiki/Strana_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_unie_(USA)" title="Strana národní unie (USA)">unionista</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000370503">000370503</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blska" title="Národní knihovna Španělska">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX893821">XX893821</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Francouzská národní knihovna">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122853652">cb122853652</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122853652">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04299891?l=en">DA04299891</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118669974">118669974</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_standardn%C3%AD_identifik%C3%A1tor_jm%C3%A9na" title="Mezinárodní standardní identifikátor jména">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123639948">0000 0001 2363 9948</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50043492">n50043492</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MBA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ad266f1b-1eed-4b5a-bdfc-ee09123ff75b">ad266f1b-1eed-4b5a-bdfc-ee09123ff75b</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582055">10582055</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Australská národní knihovna">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35030903">35030903</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_Izraele" title="Národní knihovna Izraele">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260155905171">987007260155905171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Polská národní knihovna">NLP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000002708412">a0000002708412</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nizozemsk%C3%A1_kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A1_knihovna" title="Nizozemská královská knihovna">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070407592">070407592</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polsk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Polská národní knihovna">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810633965905606">9810633965905606</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/182870">182870</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6f29nmw">w6f29nmw</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zg6qdp">w6zg6qdp</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna" title="Slovenská národní knihovna">SNK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://autority.snk.sk/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=171380">171380</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Univerzitn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m_dokumentace" title="Univerzitní systém dokumentace">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031685625">031685625</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/803744">803744</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seznam_biografi%C3%AD_Kongresu_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seznam biografií Kongresu Spojených států amerických (stránka neexistuje)">US Congress</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000738">C000738</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatik%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_apo%C5%A1tolsk%C3%A1_knihovna" title="Vatikánská apoštolská knihovna">VcBA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_140519">495/140519</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/54942252">54942252</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Entities</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvt9TkT8Y4MMm6fpTRR8C">E39PBJvt9TkT8Y4MMm6fpTRR8C</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Lid%C3%A9" title="Portál:Lidé">Lidé</a> | <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Politika" title="Portál:Politika">Politika</a> | <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Portál:Spojené státy americké">Spojené státy americké</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&oldid=24124037">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calvin_Coolidge&oldid=24124037</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Prezidenti_USA" title="Kategorie:Prezidenti USA">Prezidenti USA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Viceprezidenti_USA" 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