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class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Seljuk Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Economy and society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1194</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 139 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1194 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1194 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۹۴ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۱۹۴ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AA" title="১১৯৪ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১১৯৪" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_n%C3%AE" title="1194 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1194 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194." title="1194. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1194." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۹۴ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۱۹۴ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194%E5%B9%B4" title="1194年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1194年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194%EB%85%84" title="1194년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1194년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA" title="११९४ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="११९४" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194." title="1194. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1194." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AA" title="মারি ১১৯৪ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১১৯৪" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1194-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1194-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1194 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1194 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1194 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1194 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_%D0%B8" title="1194 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1194 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194._gads" title="1194. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1194. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_m." title="1194 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1194 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA" title="इ.स. ११९४ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. ११९४" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4" title="۱۱۹۴ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۱۹۴" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1194 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1194 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA" title="सन् ११९४ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् ११९४" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194%E5%B9%B4" title="1194年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1194年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%AA" title="୧୧୯୪ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୧୯୪" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA" title="११९४ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="११९४" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1194 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1194 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA" title="११९४ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="११९४" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194%D8%B9" title="1194ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1194ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A4" title="١١٩٤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١١٩٤" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1194 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1194 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1737" title="พ.ศ. 1737 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1737" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1194" title="Соли 1194 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1194" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194%D8%A1" title="1194ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1194ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194%E5%B9%B4" title="1194年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1194年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194%E5%B9%B4" title="1194年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1194年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194%E5%B9%B4" title="1194年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1194年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1194" title="1194 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1194" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1170s" title="1170s">1170s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1180s" title="1180s">1180s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1190s" title="1190s">1190s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1200s_(decade)" title="1200s (decade)">1200s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1210s" title="1210s">1210s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1191" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1191">1191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1192" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1192">1192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1193" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1193">1193</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1194" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1194">1194</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1195" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1195">1195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1196" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1196">1196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1197" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1197">1197</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1194" title="Category:1194">1194 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1194&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1194 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1194" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1194">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_12th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 12th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1194_births" title="Category:1194 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1194_deaths" title="Category:1194 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1194_establishments" title="Category:1194 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1194_disestablishments" title="Category:1194 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1194_in_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="1194 in poetry">1194 in poetry</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1194 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1194<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCXCIV</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>1947</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>643<br />ԹՎ ՈԽԳ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>5944</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1115–1116</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>601</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2144</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>5 <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Ric. 1</a> – 6 <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Ric. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>1738</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>556</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>6702–6703</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">癸丑</a>年 (Water <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />3891 or 3684<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />甲寅年 (Wood <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />3892 or 3685</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>910–911</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2360</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1186–1187</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>4954–4955</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1250–1251</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1115–1116</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4294–4295</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11194</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>194–195</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>572–573</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>590–591</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kenky%C5%AB" title="Kenkyū">Kenkyū</a> 5<br />(建久５年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1101–1102</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1194<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCXCIV</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3527</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>718 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前718年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−274</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a></td><td>1505/1506 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Graecorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Graecorum">AG</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>1736–1737</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴水牛年<br />(female Water-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />1320 or 939 or 167<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳木虎年<br />(male Wood-<a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />1321 or 940 or 168</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brindisi,_augustale_di_federico_II,_1220-1250.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Brindisi%2C_augustale_di_federico_II%2C_1220-1250.JPG/300px-Brindisi%2C_augustale_di_federico_II%2C_1220-1250.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Brindisi%2C_augustale_di_federico_II%2C_1220-1250.JPG/450px-Brindisi%2C_augustale_di_federico_II%2C_1220-1250.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Brindisi%2C_augustale_di_federico_II%2C_1220-1250.JPG 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>A coin of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> (1194–1250)</figcaption></figure> <p>Year <b>1194</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCXCIV</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> (link will display the full calendar) of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_place">By place</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England">England</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a> ("the Lionheart") is ransomed for an amount of 150,000 marks (demanded by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a>), raised by his mother <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a> – who travels to <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> to gain his release. Henry will never receive the full amount he demanded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – Richard returns to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, and remains for only a few weeks before returning to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continent</a>. He leaves the administration of England in the hands of <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Walter" title="Hubert Walter">Hubert Walter</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Canterbury" title="Diocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, who accompanied Richard on the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a> and led his army back to England. He levied the taxes to pay the king's ransom and put down a plot against Richard by his younger brother <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a>–<a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">28</a> – Richard I besieges <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Castle" title="Nottingham Castle">Nottingham Castle</a> (occupied by supporters of John) – which falls after a siege of several days. Richard is aided by English troops under <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_de_Blondeville,_6th_Earl_of_Chester" title="Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester">Ranulf de Blondeville</a> and <a href="/wiki/David,_Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="David, Earl of Huntingdon">David of Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassells1194_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassells1194-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – Richard I is crowned for the second time, at <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, to underline his rightful position as monarch. During the coronation, he wears a golden crown and is followed by notables from the Church and State.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – Richard I calls for a council in <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> to raise funds for an expedition to <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a>. On <a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a>, he leaves for <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a> with a large fleet (some 300 ships), to reclaim lands lost to King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II of France</a> ("Augustus").<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England_(1066%E2%80%931290)#Ordinance_of_the_Jewry,_1194" title="History of the Jews in England (1066–1290)">Ordinance of the Jewry</a>: Beginning of strict records of financial transactions by <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> liable to taxation. The <a href="/wiki/Exchequer_of_the_Jews" title="Exchequer of the Jews">Exchequer of the Jews</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a> regulates the taxes and the law-cases (also in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Casimir_II_the_Just" title="Casimir II the Just">Casimir II the Just</a>, High Duke of <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Poland</a>, organizes an expedition against the Baltic <a href="/wiki/Yotvingians" title="Yotvingians">Yotvingians</a>. The expedition ends with full success, and Casimir has a triumphant return in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>. On <a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a>, after a banquet, which is held to celebrate his return, Casimir dies unexpectedly (possibly poisoned). He is succeeded by his eldest surviving son <a href="/wiki/Leszek_the_White" title="Leszek the White">Leszek the White</a>, who has to face strong opposition from his uncle <a href="/wiki/Mieszko_III_the_Old" class="mw-redirect" title="Mieszko III the Old">Mieszko III the Old</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fr%C3%A9teval" title="Battle of Fréteval">Battle of Fréteval</a>: English forces under Richard I defeat Philip II, and capture the French <a href="/wiki/Wagon_train" title="Wagon train">baggage train</a>. It contains the royal archives – including a list of the treasure of the French kingdom (transported in a wagon behind the army). Philip withdraws across the <a href="/wiki/Epte" title="Epte">River Epte</a>, where the bridge collapses under the weight of the retreating army. Meanwhile, Richard sacks the town of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a>, which is a possession of Philip's ally, John.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a> enforces the inheritance claims by his wife, <a href="/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Constance, Queen of Sicily">Constance I</a>, against her illegitimate nephew, King <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Tancred, King of Sicily">Tancred of Lecce</a> (who died on <a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a>). He takes <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> (supported by the navy of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a>) and gains control of all of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> – ending Norman rule in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a> after 90 years.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – Henry VI deposes the 8-year-old <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_Sicily" title="William III of Sicily">William III</a> (son of Tancred de Lecce) and is crowned king of Sicily. The next day, Constance I, who stays in the town of <a href="/wiki/Iesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Iesi">Iesi</a>, gives birth to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, the future emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Levant">Levant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October – <a href="/wiki/Leo_I,_King_of_Armenia" title="Leo I, King of Armenia">Leo I</a> ("Lord of the Mountains"), ruler of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Cilicia</a>, invites <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_III_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond III of Antioch">Bohemond III of Antioch</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bagras" title="Bagras">Bagras</a>, ostensibly to resolve their differences. Upon Bohemond's arrival, Leon captures him and his family, and takes them to the capital of <a href="/wiki/Sis_(ancient_city)" title="Sis (ancient city)">Sis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seljuk_Empire">Seljuk Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Seljuk Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – Sultan <a href="/wiki/Toghrul_III" title="Toghrul III">Toghrul III</a> is defeated and killed in battle with <a href="/wiki/Ala_ad-Din_Tekish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ala ad-Din Tekish">Ala ad-Din Tekish</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Rey,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rey, Iran">Rey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> – ending the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuq dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hamedan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamedan">Hamedan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> passes to the <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarazmian dynasty">Khwarazmian dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Guangzong of Song">Emperor Guangzong of Song</a> (or Zhao Dun) is forced to abdicate the throne to his 25-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ningzong" title="Emperor Ningzong">Ningzong</a>, who succeeds him as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. During his reign, he will be dominated by his prime-minister <a href="/wiki/Han_Tuozhou" title="Han Tuozhou">Han Tuozhou</a> (or Han T'o-Chou).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> experiences a major course change, taking over the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a> drainage system for the next 700 years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunac_Ceel" title="Hunac Ceel">Hunac Ceel</a> drives the <a href="/wiki/Itza_people" title="Itza people">Itza people</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Chichen_Itza" title="Chichen Itza">Chichen Itza</a>, forcing them to start the <a href="/wiki/Peten_Itza_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Peten Itza Kingdom">Itza Kingdom</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pet%C3%A9n_Itz%C3%A1" title="Lake Petén Itzá">Lake Petén Itzá</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_topic">By topic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commerce">Commerce</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – Richard I grants <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> market-town status with a royal charter. He orders the construction of docks on <a href="/wiki/The_Solent" title="The Solent">The Solent</a> – having seen that the harbour is a perfect base for trade and the English fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economy_and_society">Economy and society</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy and society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Walter" title="Hubert Walter">Hubert Walter</a>, vice-<a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> in the absence of Richard I, institutes the office of coroner to keep records of crown pleas. He also presides over the feudal judgment of John and makes an inquiry into land tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion">Religion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – A fire devastates <a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartres Cathedral</a>. Only the crypt, the towers, and the new facade survives. Funds are collected from nobles, as well as small donations from ordinary people, to start the rebuilding.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cartoixa_d%27Escaladei" title="Cartoixa d'Escaladei">monastery of Scala Dei</a> is founded in the region of <a href="/wiki/Montsant_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Montsant range">Montsant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ezzelino_III_da_Romano" title="Ezzelino III da Romano">Ezzelino III</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1259" title="1259">1259</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a>, Italian nun and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1253" title="1253">1253</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Caccioli" title="Andrea Caccioli">Andrea Caccioli</a>, Italian priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1254" title="1254">1254</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, Holy Roman Emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Anatoli" title="Jacob Anatoli">Jacob Anatoli</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> translator and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1256" title="1256">1256</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Contarini" title="Jacopo Contarini">Jacopo Contarini</a>, doge of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Contarini" title="Contarini">House of Contarini</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1280" title="1280">1280</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Hu%E1%BB%87_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lý Huệ Tông">Lý Huệ Tông</a>, Vietnamese emperor (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1226" title="1226">1226</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majd_ad-Din_ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Majd ad-Din ibn Taymiyyah">Majd al-Din Taymiyyah</a>, Seljuk judge and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1255" title="1255">1255</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Marchioness_of_Namur" title="Margaret, Marchioness of Namur">Margaret</a>, marchioness of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Namur" title="County of Namur">Namur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Vianden" title="Counts of Vianden">House of Vianden</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1270" title="1270">1270</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_FitzGerald,_2nd_Lord_of_Offaly" title="Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly">Maurice FitzGerald</a>, Norman nobleman and justiciar (d. <a href="/wiki/1257" title="1257">1257</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Moses ben Nahman</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> and philosopher (d. 1270)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_I_(bishop_of_Utrecht)" title="Otto I (bishop of Utrecht)">Otto I</a>, Dutch nobleman and bishop (<a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">House of Gelre</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1215" title="1215">1215</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M%C3%B3r_de_Burgh,_1st_Baron_of_Connaught" title="Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught">Richard Mór de Burgh</a>, Norman nobleman (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusudan_of_Georgia" title="Rusudan of Georgia">Rusudan</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bagrationi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagrationi">House of Bagrationi</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1245" title="1245">1245</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saionji_Saneuji" title="Saionji Saneuji">Saionji Saneuji</a>, Japanese nobleman and <i><a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">waka</a></i> poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1269" title="1269">1269</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Tancred, King of Sicily">Tancred of Lecce</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1138" title="1138">1138</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toghrul_III" title="Toghrul III">Toghrul III</a>, sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A5rd_Guttormsson" title="Bård Guttormsson">Bård Guttormsson</a>, Norwegian nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurd_Magnusson" title="Sigurd Magnusson">Sigurd Magnusson</a>, Norwegian nobleman</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odon_of_Pozna%C5%84" title="Odon of Poznań">Odon of Poznań</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Casimir_II_the_Just" title="Casimir II the Just">Casimir II the Just</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Lesser Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sancho_VI_of_Navarre" title="Sancho VI of Navarre">Sancho VI</a> ("the Wise"), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1132" title="1132">1132</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Xiaozong of Song">Xiao Zong</a>, Chinese emperor (<a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1127" title="1127">1127</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1150" title="1150">1150</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_III_of_Kiev" title="Sviatoslav III of Kiev">Sviatoslav III</a>, Kievan Grand Prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1126" title="1126">1126</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_I,_Countess_of_Flanders" title="Margaret I, Countess of Flanders">Margaret I</a>, countess of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_de_Vere,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford" title="Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford">Aubrey de Vere</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Oxford" title="Earl of Oxford">Earl of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_V,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Leopold V, Duke of Austria">Leopold V</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Austria" title="Margraviate of Austria">Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1157" title="1157">1157</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Vatatzes" title="Basil Vatatzes">Basil Vatatzes</a>, Byzantine governor and general</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1194&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cassells1194-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassells1194_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/129"><i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/129">129–131</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8"><bdi>0-304-35730-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Chronology+of+World+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=129-131&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-304-35730-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hywel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcassellschronolo0000will%2Fpage%2F129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1194" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBH-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBH_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmerPalmer1992" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). <i>The Chronology of British History</i>. London: Century Ltd. pp. 73–75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2"><bdi>0-7126-5616-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+of+British+History&rft.place=London&rft.pages=73-75&rft.pub=Century+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7126-5616-2&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1194" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Hywel (2005). <i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i>, p. 131. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8">0-304-35730-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Gillingham (2002). <i>Richard I</i>, p. 285. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09404-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09404-6">978-0-300-09404-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horst Fuhrmann (1986). <i>Germany in the High Middle Ages: c. 1050–1200</i>, p. 181. Cambridge University Press.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31980-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31980-5">978-0-521-31980-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burgtorf, Jochen (2016). <i>The Antiochene War of Succession</i>, p. 199. In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.). <i>The Crusader World</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-82494-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-82494-1">978-0-415-82494-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrousset1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Grousset" title="René Grousset">Grousset, René</a> (1970). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppes00grou"><i>The Empire of the Steppes</i></a></span>. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9"><bdi>0-8135-1304-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Steppes&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8135-1304-9&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofsteppes00grou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1194" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrousset1959" class="citation book cs1">Grousset, René (1959). <i>The Rise and Splendour of the Chinese Empire</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 303.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Splendour+of+the+Chinese+Empire&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1194" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quail, Sarah (1994). <i>The Origins of Portsmouth and the First Charter</i>, pp. 14–18. City of Portsmouth. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901559-92-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-901559-92-X">0-901559-92-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton1999" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Ian (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westernarchitect00utt"><i>Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present</i></a></span>. London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-20316-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-20316-3"><bdi>978-0-500-20316-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture%2C+from+Ancient+Greece+to+the+Present&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-500-20316-3&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwesternarchitect00utt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1194" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guide-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guide_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patrimoni.gencat.cat/en/monuments/monumentos/carthusian-monastery-of-escaladei">"Carthusian Monastery of Escaladei"</a>. <i>Monuments de Catalunya</i>. Generalitat de Catalunya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monuments+de+Catalunya&rft.atitle=Carthusian+Monastery+of+Escaladei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatrimoni.gencat.cat%2Fen%2Fmonuments%2Fmonumentos%2Fcarthusian-monastery-of-escaladei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1194" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-II-Holy-Roman-emperor">"Frederick II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Frederick+II+%7C+Biography%2C+Accomplishments%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FFrederick-II-Holy-Roman-emperor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1194" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1194&oldid=1249651956">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1194&oldid=1249651956</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1194" title="Category:1194">1194</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2011">Use mdy dates from February 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 October 2024, at 02:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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