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embedded</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: embedded"> <meta name="keywords" content="embedded"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="embedded"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1067</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: embedded</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1067</span> Supporting Embedded Medical Software Development with MDevSPICE® and Agile Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surafel%20Demissie">Surafel Demissie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Keenan"> Frank Keenan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fergal%20McCaffery"> Fergal McCaffery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emerging medical devices are highly relying on embedded software that runs on the specific platform in real time. The development of embedded software is different from ordinary software development due to the hardware-software dependency. MDevSPICE<sup>®</sup> has been developed to provide guidance to support such development. To increase the flexibility of this framework agile practices have been introduced. This paper outlines the challenges for embedded medical device software development and the structure of MDevSPICE<sup>® </sup>and suggests a suitable combination of agile practices that will help to add flexibility and address corresponding challenges of embedded medical device software development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agile%20practices" title="agile practices">agile practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20software" title=" embedded software"> embedded software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MDevSPICE%C2%AE" title=" MDevSPICE®"> MDevSPICE®</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20device" title=" medical device"> medical device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61039/supporting-embedded-medical-software-development-with-mdevspice-and-agile-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1066</span> Restructuring of Embedded System Design Course: Making It Industry Compliant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetishree%20Mishra">Geetishree Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Akhila"> S. Akhila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Embedded System Design, the most challenging course of electronics engineering has always been appreciated and well acclaimed by the students of electronics and its related branches of engineering. Embedded system, being a product of multiple application domains, necessitates skilled man power to be well designed and tested in every important aspect of both hardware and software. In the current industrial scenario, the requirements are even more rigorous and highly demanding and needs to be to be on par with the advanced technologies. Fresh engineers are expected to be thoroughly groomed by the academic system and the teaching community. Graduates with the ability to understand both complex technological processes and technical skills are increasingly sought after in today's embedded industry. So, the need of the day is to restructure the under-graduate course- both theory and lab practice along with the teaching methodologies to meet the industrial requirements. This paper focuses on the importance of such a need in the present education system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20system%20design" title="embedded system design">embedded system design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20requirement" title=" industry requirement"> industry requirement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syllabus%20restructuring" title=" syllabus restructuring"> syllabus restructuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project-based%20learning" title=" project-based learning"> project-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20methodology" title=" teaching methodology"> teaching methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20533/restructuring-of-embedded-system-design-course-making-it-industry-compliant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">661</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1065</span> Discussing Embedded versus Central Machine Learning in Wireless Sensor Networks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Lena%20Kampen">Anne-Lena Kampen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%98ivind%20Kure"> Øivind Kure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Machine learning (ML) can be implemented in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as a central solution or distributed solution where the ML is embedded in the nodes. Embedding improves privacy and may reduce prediction delay. In addition, the number of transmissions is reduced. However, quality factors such as prediction accuracy, fault detection efficiency and coordinated control of the overall system suffer. Here, we discuss and highlight the trade-offs that should be considered when choosing between embedding and centralized ML, especially for multihop networks. In addition, we present estimations that demonstrate the energy trade-offs between embedded and centralized ML. Although the total network energy consumption is lower with central prediction, it makes the network more prone for partitioning due to the high forwarding load on the one-hop nodes. Moreover, the continuous improvements in the number of operations per joule for embedded devices will move the energy balance toward embedded prediction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20machine%20learning" title="central machine learning">central machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20machine%20learning" title=" embedded machine learning"> embedded machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20machine%20learning" title=" local machine learning"> local machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127522/discussing-embedded-versus-central-machine-learning-in-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1064</span> Design and Implementation of Embedded FM Transmission Control SW for Low Power Battery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Su%20Ryu">Young-Su Ryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Won%20Park"> Kyung-Won Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Hoon%20Song"> Jae-Hoon Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Won%20Kwon"> Ki-Won Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an embedded frequency modulation (FM) transmission control software (SW) for a low power battery system is designed and implemented. The simultaneous translation systems for various languages are needed as so many international conferences and festivals are held in world wide. Especially in portable transmitting and receiving systems, the ability of long operation life is used for a measure of value. This paper proposes an embedded FM transmission control SW for low power battery system and shows the results of the SW implemented on a portable FM transmission system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FM%20transmission" title="FM transmission">FM transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20translation%20system" title=" simultaneous translation system"> simultaneous translation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portable%20transmitting%20and%20receiving%20systems" title=" portable transmitting and receiving systems"> portable transmitting and receiving systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20power%20embedded%20control%20SW" title=" low power embedded control SW"> low power embedded control SW</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67493/design-and-implementation-of-embedded-fm-transmission-control-sw-for-low-power-battery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1063</span> Recognition of Cursive Arabic Handwritten Text Using Embedded Training Based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabi%20Mouhcine">Rabi Mouhcine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amrouch%20Mustapha"> Amrouch Mustapha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahani%20Zouhir"> Mahani Zouhir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mammass%20Driss"> Mammass Driss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a system for offline recognition cursive Arabic handwritten text based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). The system is analytical without explicit segmentation used embedded training to perform and enhance the character models. Extraction features preceded by baseline estimation are statistical and geometric to integrate both the peculiarities of the text and the pixel distribution characteristics in the word image. These features are modelled using hidden Markov models and trained by embedded training. The experiments on images of the benchmark IFN/ENIT database show that the proposed system improves recognition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recognition" title="recognition">recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handwriting" title=" handwriting"> handwriting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20text" title=" Arabic text"> Arabic text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMMs" title=" HMMs"> HMMs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20training" title=" embedded training"> embedded training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54405/recognition-of-cursive-arabic-handwritten-text-using-embedded-training-based-on-hidden-markov-models-hmms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1062</span> Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Vibration Control of an ERF Embedded Smart Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Jer%20Lin">Chih-Jer Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Ying%20Lee"> Chun-Ying Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Liu"> Ying Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiang-Ho%20Cheng"> Chiang-Ho Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this article is to present the semi-active vibration control using an electro-rheological fluid embedded sandwich structure for a cantilever beam. ER fluid is a smart material, which cause the suspended particles polarize and connect each other to form chain. The stiffness and damping coefficients of the ER fluid can be changed in 10 micro seconds; therefore, ERF is suitable to become the material embedded in the tunable vibration absorber to become a smart absorber. For the ERF smart material embedded structure, the fuzzy control law depends on the experimental expert database and the proposed self-tuning strategy. The electric field is controlled by a CRIO embedded system to implement the real application. This study investigates the different performances using the Type-1 fuzzy and interval Type-2 fuzzy controllers. The Interval type-2 fuzzy control is used to improve the modeling uncertainties for this ERF embedded shock absorber. The self-tuning vibration controllers using Type-1 and Interval Type-2 fuzzy law are implemented to the shock absorber system. Based on the resulting performance, Internal Type-2 fuzzy is better than the traditional Type-1 fuzzy control for this vibration control system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-rheological%20fluid" title="electro-rheological fluid">electro-rheological fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-active%20vibration%20control" title=" semi-active vibration control"> semi-active vibration control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber" title=" shock absorber"> shock absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20fuzzy%20control" title=" type 2 fuzzy control "> type 2 fuzzy control </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7630/interval-type-2-fuzzy-vibration-control-of-an-erf-embedded-smart-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1061</span> Flicker Detection with Motion Tolerance for Embedded Camera</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianrong%20Wu">Jianrong Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Fu"> Xuan Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akihiro%20Higashi"> Akihiro Higashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiming%20Tan"> Zhiming Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CMOS image sensors with a rolling shutter are used broadly in the digital cameras embedded in mobile devices. The rolling shutter suffers the flicker artifacts from the fluorescent lamp, and it could be observed easily. In this paper, the characteristics of illumination flicker in motion case were analyzed, and two efficient detection methods based on matching fragment selection were proposed. According to the experimental results, our methods could achieve as high as 100% accuracy in static scene, and at least 97% in motion scene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illumination%20flicker" title="illumination flicker">illumination flicker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20camera" title=" embedded camera"> embedded camera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20shutter" title=" rolling shutter"> rolling shutter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14449/flicker-detection-with-motion-tolerance-for-embedded-camera" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1060</span> Flow Field Analysis of a Liquid Ejector Pump Using Embedded Large Eddy Simulation Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qasim%20Zaheer">Qasim Zaheer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jehanzeb%20Masud"> Jehanzeb Masud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The understanding of entrainment and mixing phenomenon in the ejector pump is of pivotal importance for designing and performance estimation. In this paper, the existence of turbulent vortical structures due to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the free surface between the motive and the entrained fluids streams are simulated using Embedded LES methodology. The efficacy of Embedded LES for simulation of complex flow field of ejector pump is evaluated using ANSYS Fluent®. The enhanced mixing and entrainment process due to breaking down of larger eddies into smaller ones as a consequence of Vortex Stretching phenomenon is captured in this study. Moreover, the flow field characteristics of ejector pump like pressure velocity fields and mass flow rates are analyzed and validated against the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelvin%20Helmholtz%20instability" title="Kelvin Helmholtz instability">Kelvin Helmholtz instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20LES" title=" embedded LES"> embedded LES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20flow%20field" title=" complex flow field"> complex flow field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ejector%20pump" title=" ejector pump"> ejector pump</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65909/flow-field-analysis-of-a-liquid-ejector-pump-using-embedded-large-eddy-simulation-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1059</span> Towards a Framework for Embedded Weight Comparison Algorithm with Business Intelligence in the Plantation Domain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pushparani">M. Pushparani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sagaya"> A. Sagaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Embedded systems have emerged as important elements in various domains with extensive applications in automotive, commercial, consumer, healthcare and transportation markets, as there is emphasis on intelligent devices. On the other hand, Business Intelligence (BI) has also been extensively used in a range of applications, especially in the agriculture domain which is the area of this research. The aim of this research is to create a framework for Embedded Weight Comparison Algorithm with Business Intelligence (EWCA-BI). The weight comparison algorithm will be embedded within the plantation management system and the weighbridge system. This algorithm will be used to estimate the weight at the site and will be compared with the actual weight at the plantation. The algorithm will be used to build the necessary alerts when there is a discrepancy in the weight, thus enabling better decision making. In the current practice, data are collected from various locations in various forms. It is a challenge to consolidate data to obtain timely and accurate information for effective decision making. Adding to this, the unstable network connection leads to difficulty in getting timely accurate information. To overcome the challenges embedding is done on a portable device that will have the embedded weight comparison algorithm to also assist in data capture and synchronize data at various locations overcoming the network short comings at collection points. The EWCA-BI will provide real-time information at any given point of time, thus enabling non-latent BI reports that will provide crucial information to enable efficient operational decision making. This research has a high potential in bringing embedded system into the agriculture industry. EWCA-BI will provide BI reports with accurate information with uncompromised data using an embedded system and provide alerts, therefore, enabling effective operation management decision-making at the site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20business%20intelligence" title="embedded business intelligence">embedded business intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20comparison%20algorithm" title=" weight comparison algorithm"> weight comparison algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm%20plantation" title=" oil palm plantation"> oil palm plantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20systems" title=" embedded systems"> embedded systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53115/towards-a-framework-for-embedded-weight-comparison-algorithm-with-business-intelligence-in-the-plantation-domain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1058</span> Scheduling Tasks in Embedded Systems Based on NoC Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Dorota">D. Dorota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a method to generate and schedule task in the architecture of embedded systems based on the simulated annealing. This method takes into account the attribute of divisibility of tasks. A proposal represents the process in the form of trees. Despite the fact that the architecture of Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an interesting alternative to a bus architecture based on multi-processors systems, it requires a lot of work that ensures the optimization of communication. This paper proposes an effective approach to generate dedicated NoC topology solving communication problems. Network NoC is generated taking into account the energy consumption and resource issues. Ultimately generated is minimal, dedicated NoC topology. The proposed solution is assumed to be a simple router design and the minimum number of lines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Network-on-Chip" title="Network-on-Chip">Network-on-Chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NoC-based%20embedded%20systems" title=" NoC-based embedded systems"> NoC-based embedded systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheduling%20task%20in%20embedded%20systems" title=" scheduling task in embedded systems"> scheduling task in embedded systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20annealing" title=" simulated annealing"> simulated annealing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13048/scheduling-tasks-in-embedded-systems-based-on-noc-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1057</span> Multishape Task Scheduling Algorithms for Real Time Micro-Controller Based Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankur%20Jain">Ankur Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Wilfred%20Godfrey"> W. Wilfred Godfrey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Embedded systems are usually microcontroller-based systems that represent a class of reliable and dependable dedicated computer systems designed for specific purposes. Micro-controllers are used in most electronic devices in an endless variety of ways. Some micro-controller-based embedded systems are required to respond to external events in the shortest possible time and such systems are known as real-time embedded systems. So in multitasking system there is a need of task Scheduling,there are various scheduling algorithms like Fixed priority Scheduling(FPS),Earliest deadline first(EDF), Rate Monotonic(RM), Deadline Monotonic(DM),etc have been researched. In this Report various conventional algorithms have been reviewed and analyzed, these algorithms consists of single shape task, A new Multishape scheduling algorithms has been proposed and implemented and analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dm" title="dm">dm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edf" title=" edf"> edf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20systems" title=" embedded systems"> embedded systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20priority" title=" fixed priority"> fixed priority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcontroller" title=" microcontroller"> microcontroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rtos" title=" rtos"> rtos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rm" title=" rm"> rm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scheduling%20algorithms" title=" scheduling algorithms"> scheduling algorithms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30817/multishape-task-scheduling-algorithms-for-real-time-micro-controller-based-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1056</span> Pullout Strength of Textile Reinforcement in Concrete by Embedded Length and Concrete Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongho%20Park">Jongho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taekyun%20Kim"> Taekyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungbhin%20You"> Jungbhin You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungnam%20Hong"> Sungnam Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Kyu%20Park"> Sun-Kyu Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deterioration of the reinforced concrete is continuously accelerated due to aging of the reinforced concrete, enlargement of the structure, increase if the self-weight due to the manhattanization and cracking due to external force. Also, due to the abnormal climate phenomenon, cracking of reinforced concrete structures is accelerated. Therefore, research on the Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) which replaced reinforcement with textile is under study. However, in previous studies, adhesion performance to single yarn was examined without parameters, which does not reflect the effect of fiber twisting and concrete strength. In the present paper, the effect of concrete strength and embedded length on 2400tex (gram per 1000 meters) and 640tex textile were investigated. The result confirm that the increasing compressive strength of the concrete did not affect the pullout strength. However, as the embedded length increased, the pullout strength tended to increase gradually, especially at 2400tex with more twists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title="textile">textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRC" title=" TRC"> TRC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pullout" title=" pullout"> pullout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20length" title=" embedded length"> embedded length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67482/pullout-strength-of-textile-reinforcement-in-concrete-by-embedded-length-and-concrete-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1055</span> System for Electromyography Signal Emulation Through the Use of Embedded Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Narvaez%20Gaitan">Valentina Narvaez Gaitan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Valentina%20Rodriguez%20Leguizamon"> Laura Valentina Rodriguez Leguizamon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruben%20Dario%20Hernandez%20B."> Ruben Dario Hernandez B.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work describes a physiological signal emulation system that uses electromyography (EMG) signals obtained from muscle sensors in the first instance. These signals are used to extract their characteristics to model and emulate specific arm movements. The main objective of this effort is to develop a new biomedical software system capable of generating physiological signals through the use of embedded systems by establishing the characteristics of the acquired signals. The acquisition system used was Biosignals, which contains two EMG electrodes used to acquire signals from the forearm muscles placed on the extensor and flexor muscles. Processing algorithms were implemented to classify the signals generated by the arm muscles when performing specific movements such as wrist flexion extension, palmar grip, and wrist pronation-supination. Matlab software was used to condition and preprocess the signals for subsequent classification. Subsequently, the mathematical modeling of each signal is performed to be generated by the embedded system, with a validation of the accuracy of the obtained signal using the percentage of cross-correlation, obtaining a precision of 96%. The equations are then discretized to be emulated in the embedded system, obtaining a system capable of generating physiological signals according to the characteristics of medical analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromyography" title=" electromyography"> electromyography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20system" title=" embedded system"> embedded system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulation" title=" emulation"> emulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiological%20signals" title=" physiological signals"> physiological signals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165468/system-for-electromyography-signal-emulation-through-the-use-of-embedded-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1054</span> Analysis of Entrepreneurship in Industrial Cluster</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Hsiang%20Lai">Wen-Hsiang Lai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Except for the internal aspects of entrepreneurship (i.e. motivation, opportunity perspective and alertness), there are external aspects that affecting entrepreneurship (i.e. the industrial cluster). By comparing the machinery companies located inside and outside the industrial district, this study aims to explore the cluster effects on the entrepreneurship of companies in Taiwan machinery clusters (TMC). In this study, three factors affecting the entrepreneurship in TMC are conducted as “competition”, “embedded-ness” and “specialized knowledge”. The “competition” in the industrial cluster is defined as the competitive advantages that companies gain in form of demand effects and diversified strategies; the “embedded-ness” refers to the quality of company relations (relational embedded-ness) and ranges (structural embedded-ness) with the industry components (universities, customers and complementary) that affecting knowledge transfer and knowledge generations; the “specialized knowledge” shares the internal knowledge within industrial clusters. This study finds that when comparing to the companies which are outside the cluster, the industrial cluster has positive influence on the entrepreneurship. Additionally, the factor of “relational embedded-ness” has significant impact on the entrepreneurship and affects the adaptation ability of companies in TMC. Finally, the factor of “competition” reveals partial influence on the entrepreneurship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20cluster" title=" industrial cluster"> industrial cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20district" title=" industrial district"> industrial district</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economies%20of%20agglomerations" title=" economies of agglomerations"> economies of agglomerations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taiwan%20Machinery%20Cluster%20%28TMC%29" title=" Taiwan Machinery Cluster (TMC) "> Taiwan Machinery Cluster (TMC) </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7918/analysis-of-entrepreneurship-in-industrial-cluster" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1053</span> Application Programming Interface Security in Embedded and Open Finance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20John%20Zeller">Andrew John Zeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artjoms%20Formulevics"> Artjoms Formulevics</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banking and financial services are rapidly transitioning from being monolithic structures focusing merely on their own financial offerings to becoming integrated players in multiple customer journeys and supply chains. Banks themselves are refocusing on being liquidity providers and underwriters in these networks, while the general concept of ‘embeddedness’ builds on the market readily available API (Application Programming Interface) architectures to flexibly deliver services to various requestors, i.e., online retailers who need finance and insurance products to better serve their customers, respectively. With this new flexibility come new requirements for enhanced cybersecurity. API structures are more decentralized and inherently prone to change. Unfortunately, this has not been comprehensively addressed in the literature. This paper tries to fill this gap by looking at security approaches and technologies relevant to API architectures found in embedded finance. After presenting the research methodology applied and introducing the major bodies of knowledge involved, the paper will discuss six dominating technology trends shaping high-level financial services architectures. Subsequently, embedded finance and the respective usage of API strategies will be described. Building on this, security considerations for APIs in financial and insurance services will be elaborated on before concluding with some ideas for possible further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20finance" title="embedded finance">embedded finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20banking%20strategy" title=" embedded banking strategy"> embedded banking strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title=" cybersecurity"> cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=API%20management" title=" API management"> API management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20security" title=" data security"> data security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cybersecurity" title=" cybersecurity"> cybersecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20management" title=" IT management"> IT management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186138/application-programming-interface-security-in-embedded-and-open-finance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1052</span> Tensile Force Estimation for Real-Size Pre-Stressed Concrete Girder using Embedded Elasto-Magnetic Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junkyeong%20Kim">Junkyeong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jooyoung%20Park"> Jooyoung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoqi%20Zhang"> Aoqi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghee%20Park"> Seunghee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tensile force of Pre-Stressed Concrete (PSC) girder is the most important factor for evaluating the performance of PSC girder bridges. To measure the tensile force of PSC girder, several NDT methods were studied. However, conventional NDT method cannot be applied to the real-size PSC girder because the PS tendons could not be approached. To measure the tensile force of real-size PSC girder, this study proposed embedded EM sensor based tensile force estimation method. The embedded EM sensor could be installed inside of PSC girder as a sheath joint before the concrete casting. After curing process, the PS tendons were installed, and the tensile force was induced step by step using hydraulic jacking machine. The B-H loop was measured using embedded EM sensor at each tensile force steps and to compare with actual tensile force, the load cell was installed at each end of girder. The magnetization energy loss, that is the closed area of B-H loop, was decreased according to the increase of tensile force with regular pattern. Thus, the tensile force could be estimated by the tracking the change of magnetization energy loss of PS tendons. Through the experimental result, the proposed method can be used to estimate the tensile force of the in-situ real-size PSC girder bridge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20force%20estimation" title="tensile force estimation">tensile force estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20EM%20sensor" title=" embedded EM sensor"> embedded EM sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetization%20energy%20loss" title=" magnetization energy loss"> magnetization energy loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSC%20girder" title=" PSC girder"> PSC girder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57237/tensile-force-estimation-for-real-size-pre-stressed-concrete-girder-using-embedded-elasto-magnetic-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1051</span> A Method for Improving the Embedded Runge Kutta Fehlberg 4(5)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunyoung%20Bu">Sunyoung Bu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wonkyu%20Chung"> Wonkyu Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philsu%20Kim"> Philsu Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we introduce a method for improving the embedded Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 4(5) method. At each integration step, the proposed method is comprised of two equations for the solution and the error, respectively. This solution and error are obtained by solving an initial value problem whose solution has the information of the error at each integration step. The constructed algorithm controls both the error and the time step size simultaneously and possesses a good performance in the computational cost compared to the original method. For the assessment of the effectiveness, EULR problem is numerically solved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg%20method" title="embedded Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method">embedded Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20value%20problem" title=" initial value problem"> initial value problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EULR%20problem" title=" EULR problem"> EULR problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration%20step" title=" integration step"> integration step</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12924/a-method-for-improving-the-embedded-runge-kutta-fehlberg-45" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1050</span> Emotion Detection in a General Human-Robot Interaction System Optimized for Embedded Platforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20Vega">Julio Vega</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expression recognition is a field of Artificial Intelligence whose main objectives are to recognize basic forms of affective expression that appear on people’s faces and contributing to behavioral studies. In this work, a ROS node has been developed that, based on Deep Learning techniques, is capable of detecting the facial expressions of the people that appear in the image. These algorithms were optimized so that they can be executed in real time on an embedded platform. The experiments were carried out in a PC with a USB camera and in a Raspberry Pi 4 with a PiCamera. The final results shows a plausible system, which is capable to work in real time even in an embedded platform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=python" title="python">python</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost" title=" low-cost"> low-cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raspberry%20pi" title=" raspberry pi"> raspberry pi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20detection" title=" emotion detection"> emotion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-robot%20interaction" title=" human-robot interaction"> human-robot interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS%20node" title=" ROS node"> ROS node</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151311/emotion-detection-in-a-general-human-robot-interaction-system-optimized-for-embedded-platforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1049</span> Evaluation of Model-Based Code Generation for Embedded Systems–Mature Approach for Development in Evolution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolay%20P.%20Brayanov">Nikolay P. Brayanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20V.%20Stoynova"> Anna V. Stoynova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Model-based development approach is gaining more support and acceptance. Its higher abstraction level brings simplification of systems’ description that allows domain experts to do their best without particular knowledge in programming. The different levels of simulation support the rapid prototyping, verifying and validating the product even before it exists physically. Nowadays model-based approach is beneficial for modelling of complex embedded systems as well as a generation of code for many different hardware platforms. Moreover, it is possible to be applied in safety-relevant industries like automotive, which brings extra automation of the expensive device certification process and especially in the software qualification. Using it, some companies report about cost savings and quality improvements, but there are others claiming no major changes or even about cost increases. This publication demonstrates the level of maturity and autonomy of model-based approach for code generation. It is based on a real live automotive seat heater (ASH) module, developed using The Mathworks, Inc. tools. The model, created with Simulink, Stateflow and Matlab is used for automatic generation of C code with Embedded Coder. To prove the maturity of the process, Code generation advisor is used for automatic configuration. All additional configuration parameters are set to auto, when applicable, leaving the generation process to function autonomously. As a result of the investigation, the publication compares the quality of generated embedded code and a manually developed one. The measurements show that generally, the code generated by automatic approach is not worse than the manual one. A deeper analysis of the technical parameters enumerates the disadvantages, part of them identified as topics for our future work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20code%20generation" title="embedded code generation">embedded code generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20C%20code%20quality" title=" embedded C code quality"> embedded C code quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20systems" title=" embedded systems"> embedded systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model-based%20development" title=" model-based development"> model-based development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81661/evaluation-of-model-based-code-generation-for-embedded-systems-mature-approach-for-development-in-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1048</span> Experiences of Timing Analysis of Parallel Embedded Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Waqar%20Aziz">Muhammad Waqar Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Abdul%20Baqi%20Shah"> Syed Abdul Baqi Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The execution time analysis is fundamental to the successful design and execution of real-time embedded software. In such analysis, the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of a program is a key measure, on the basis of which system tasks are scheduled. The WCET analysis of embedded software is also needed for system understanding and to guarantee its behavior. WCET analysis can be performed statically (without executing the program) or dynamically (through measurement). Traditionally, research on the WCET analysis assumes sequential code running on single-core platforms. However, as computation is steadily moving towards using a combination of parallel programs and multi-core hardware, new challenges in WCET analysis need to be addressed. In this article, we report our experiences of performing the WCET analysis of Parallel Embedded Software (PES) running on multi-core platform. The primary purpose was to investigate how WCET estimates of PES can be computed statically, and how they can be derived dynamically. Our experiences, as reported in this article, include the challenges we faced, possible suggestions to these challenges and the workarounds that were developed. This article also provides observations on the benefits and drawbacks of deriving the WCET estimates using the said methods and provides useful recommendations for further research in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20software" title="embedded software">embedded software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=worst-case%20execution-time%20analysis" title=" worst-case execution-time analysis"> worst-case execution-time analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20flow%20analysis" title=" static flow analysis"> static flow analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement-based%20analysis" title=" measurement-based analysis"> measurement-based analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20computing" title=" parallel computing"> parallel computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45004/experiences-of-timing-analysis-of-parallel-embedded-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1047</span> Simplifying the Migration of Architectures in Embedded Applications Introducing a Pattern Language to Support the Workforce</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farha%20Lakhani">Farha Lakhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20J.%20Pont"> Michael J. Pont</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are two main architectures used to develop software for modern embedded systems: these can be labelled as “event-triggered” (ET) and “time-triggered” (TT). The research presented in this paper is concerned with the issues involved in migration between these two architectures. Although TT architectures are widely used in safety-critical applications they are less familiar to developers of mainstream embedded systems. The research presented in this paper began from the premise that–for a broad class of systems that have been implemented using an ET architecture–migration to a TT architecture would improve reliability. It may be tempting to assume that conversion between ET and TT designs will simply involve converting all event-handling software routines into periodic activities. However, the required changes to the software architecture are, in many cases rather more profound. The main contribution of the work presented in this paper is to identify ways in which the significant effort involved in migrating between existing ET architectures and “equivalent” (and effective) TT architectures could be reduced. The research described in this paper has taken an innovative step in this regard by introducing the use of ‘Design patterns’ for this purpose for the first time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20applications" title="embedded applications">embedded applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20architectures" title=" software architectures"> software architectures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern" title=" pattern"> pattern</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57415/simplifying-the-migration-of-architectures-in-embedded-applications-introducing-a-pattern-language-to-support-the-workforce" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1046</span> Optimal Solutions for Real-Time Scheduling of Reconfigurable Embedded Systems Based on Neural Networks with Minimization of Power Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghofrane%20Rehaiem">Ghofrane Rehaiem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Gharsellaoui"> Hamza Gharsellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Benahmed"> Samir Benahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used for modeling the parameters that allow the real-time scheduling of embedded systems under resources constraints designed for real-time applications running. The objective of this work is to implement a neural networks based approach for real-time scheduling of embedded systems in order to handle real-time constraints in execution scenarios. In our proposed approach, many techniques have been proposed for both the planning of tasks and reducing energy consumption. In fact, a combination of Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) and time feedback can be used to scale the frequency dynamically adjusting the operating voltage. Indeed, we present in this paper a hybrid contribution that handles the real-time scheduling of embedded systems, low power consumption depending on the combination of DVS and Neural Feedback Scheduling (NFS) with the energy Priority Earlier Deadline First (PEDF) algorithm. Experimental results illustrate the efficiency of our original proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20scheduling" title=" real-time scheduling"> real-time scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-power%20consumption" title=" low-power consumption"> low-power consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64497/optimal-solutions-for-real-time-scheduling-of-reconfigurable-embedded-systems-based-on-neural-networks-with-minimization-of-power-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1045</span> Design of Liquid Crystal Based Tunable Reflectarray Antenna Using Slot Embedded Patch Element Configurations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Ismail">M. Y. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Inam"> M. Inam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and analysis of Liquid Crystal (LC) based tunable reflect array antenna with different design configurations within X-band frequency range. The effect of LC volume used for unit cell element on frequency tunability and reflection loss performance has been investigated. Moreover different slot embedded patch element configurations have been proposed for LC based tunable reflect array antenna design with enhanced performance. The detailed fabrication and measurement procedure for different LC based unit cells has been presented. The waveguide scattering parameter measured results demonstrated that by using the circular slot embedded patch elements, the frequency tunability and dynamic phase range can be increased from 180 MHz to 200 MHz and 120° to 124° respectively. Furthermore the circular slot embedded patch element can be designed at 10 GHz resonant frequency with a patch volume of 2.71 mm3 as compared to 3.47 mm3 required for rectangular patch without slot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20crystal" title="liquid crystal">liquid crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20reflect%20array" title=" tunable reflect array"> tunable reflect array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20tunability" title=" frequency tunability"> frequency tunability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20phase%20range" title=" dynamic phase range "> dynamic phase range </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13628/design-of-liquid-crystal-based-tunable-reflectarray-antenna-using-slot-embedded-patch-element-configurations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1044</span> Fabrication of Cylindrical Silicon Nanowire-Embedded Field Effect Transistor Using Al2O3 Transfer Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Hoon%20Lee">Sang Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Il%20Lee"> Tae Il Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Jeong%20Lee"> Su Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Min%20Myoung"> Jae Min Myoung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to manufacture short gap single Si nanowire (NW) field effect transistor (FET) by imprinting and transferring method, we introduce the method using Al2O3 sacrificial layer. The diameters of cylindrical Si NW addressed between Au electrodes by dielectrophoretic (DEP) alignment method are controlled to 106, 128, and 148 nm. After imprinting and transfer process, cylindrical Si NW is embedded in PVP adhesive and dielectric layer. By curing transferred cylindrical Si NW and Au electrodes on PVP-coated p++ Si substrate with 200nm-thick SiO2, 3μm gap Si NW FET fabrication was completed. As the diameter of embedded Si NW increases, the mobility of FET increases from 80.51 to 121.24 cm2/V•s and the threshold voltage moves from –7.17 to –2.44 V because the ratio of surface to volume gets reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2O3%20sacrificial%20transfer%20layer" title="Al2O3 sacrificial transfer layer">Al2O3 sacrificial transfer layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20silicon%20nanowires" title=" cylindrical silicon nanowires"> cylindrical silicon nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectrophorestic%20alignment" title=" dielectrophorestic alignment"> dielectrophorestic alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20effect%20transistor" title=" field effect transistor"> field effect transistor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19299/fabrication-of-cylindrical-silicon-nanowire-embedded-field-effect-transistor-using-al2o3-transfer-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1043</span> An Intelligent Nondestructive Testing System of Ultrasonic Infrared Thermal Imaging Based on Embedded Linux</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Mi">Hao Mi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Yang"> Ming Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tian-yue%20Yang"> Tian-yue Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrasonic infrared nondestructive testing is a kind of testing method with high speed, accuracy and localization. However, there are still some problems, such as the detection requires manual real-time field judgment, the methods of result storage and viewing are still primitive. An intelligent non-destructive detection system based on embedded linux is put forward in this paper. The hardware part of the detection system is based on the ARM (Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer Machine) core and an embedded linux system is built to realize image processing and defect detection of thermal images. The CLAHE algorithm and the Butterworth filter are used to process the thermal image, and then the boa server and CGI (Common Gateway Interface) technology are used to transmit the test results to the display terminal through the network for real-time monitoring and remote monitoring. The system also liberates labor and eliminates the obstacle of manual judgment. According to the experiment result, the system provides a convenient and quick solution for industrial non-destructive testing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20monitoring" title="remote monitoring">remote monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20testing" title=" non-destructive testing"> non-destructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20Linux%20system" title=" embedded Linux system"> embedded Linux system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101979/an-intelligent-nondestructive-testing-system-of-ultrasonic-infrared-thermal-imaging-based-on-embedded-linux" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1042</span> The Role of Instruction in Knowledge Construction in Online Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo%20Hyung%20Kim">Soo Hyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two different learning approaches were suggested: focusing on factual knowledge or focusing on the embedded meaning in the statements. Each way of learning has positive effects on different question categories, where factual knowledge helps more with simple fact questions, and searching for meaning in given information helps learn causal relationship and the embedded meaning. To test this belief, two groups of learners (12 male and 39 female adults aged 18-37) watched a ten-minute long Youtube video about various factual events of American history, their meaning, and the causal relations of the events. The fact group was asked to focus on factual knowledge in the video, and the meaning group was asked to focus on the embedded meaning in the video. After watching the video, both groups took multiple-choice questions, which consisted of 10 questions asking the factual knowledge addressed in the video and 10 questions asking embedded meaning in the video, such as the causal relationship between historical events and the significance of the event. From ANCOVA analysis, it was found that the factual knowledge showed higher performance on the factual questions than the meaning group, although there was no group difference on the questions about the meaning between the two groups. The finding suggests that teacher instruction plays an important role in learners constructing a different type of knowledge in online learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factual%20knowledge" title="factual knowledge">factual knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instruction" title=" instruction"> instruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaning-based%20knowledge" title=" meaning-based knowledge"> meaning-based knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title=" online learning"> online learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138350/the-role-of-instruction-in-knowledge-construction-in-online-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1041</span> Embedded Hardware and Software Design of Omnidirectional Autonomous Robotic Platform Suitable for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Testing with Focus on Modularity and Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ondrej%20Lufinka">Ondrej Lufinka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Kaderabek"> Jan Kaderabek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Prstek"> Juraj Prstek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Skala"> Jiri Skala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamil%20Kosturik"> Kamil Kosturik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the problem of using Autonomous Robotic Platforms (ARP) for the ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) testing in automotive. There are different possibilities of the testing already in development, and lately, the autonomous robotic platforms are beginning to be used more and more widely. Autonomous Robotic Platform discussed in this paper explores the hardware and software design possibilities related to the field of embedded systems. The paper focuses on its chapters on the introduction of the problem in general; then, it describes the proposed prototype concept and its principles from the embedded HW and SW point of view. It talks about the key features that can be used for the innovation of these platforms (e.g., modularity, omnidirectional movement, common and non-traditional sensors used for localization, synchronization of more platforms and cars together, or safety mechanisms). In the end, the future possible development of the project is discussed as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20driver%20assistance%20systems" title="advanced driver assistance systems">advanced driver assistance systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADAS" title=" ADAS"> ADAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20robotic%20platform" title=" autonomous robotic platform"> autonomous robotic platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20systems" title=" embedded systems"> embedded systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware" title=" hardware"> hardware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modularity" title=" modularity"> modularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20robots%20synchronization" title=" multiple robots synchronization"> multiple robots synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omnidirectional%20movement" title=" omnidirectional movement"> omnidirectional movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20mechanisms" title=" safety mechanisms"> safety mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title=" software"> software</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130591/embedded-hardware-and-software-design-of-omnidirectional-autonomous-robotic-platform-suitable-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-testing-with-focus-on-modularity-and-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1040</span> Identification of Force Vector on an Elastic Solid Using an Embeded PVDF Senor Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Youssef">Andrew Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20%20Matthews"> David Matthews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Pan"> Jie Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying the magnitude and direction of a force on an elastic solid is highly desirable, as this allows for investigation and continual monitoring of the dynamic loading. This was traditionally conducted by connecting the solid to the supporting structure by multi-axial force transducer, providing that the transducer will not change the mounting conditions. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film is a versatile force transducer that can be easily embedded in structures. Here a PVDF sensor array is embedded inside a simple structure in an effort to determine the force vector applied to the structure is an inverse problem. In this paper, forces of different magnitudes and directions where applied to the structure with an impact hammer, and the output of the PVDF was captured and processed to gain an estimate of the forces applied by the hammer. The outcome extends the scope of application of PVDF sensors for measuring the external or contact force vectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20sensor" title="embedded sensor">embedded sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVDF" title=" PVDF"> PVDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration" title=" vibration"> vibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77890/identification-of-force-vector-on-an-elastic-solid-using-an-embeded-pvdf-senor-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1039</span> An Embedded High Speed Adder for Arithmetic Computations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kala%20Bharathan">Kala Bharathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Seshasayanan"> R. Seshasayanan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a 1-bit Embedded Logic Full Adder (EFA) circuit in transistor level is proposed, which reduces logic complexity, gives low power and high speed. The design is further extended till 64 bits. To evaluate the performance of EFA, a 16, 32, 64-bit both Linear and Square root Carry Select Adder/Subtractor (CSLAS) Structure is also proposed. Realistic testing of proposed circuits is done on 8 X 8 Modified Booth multiplier and comparison in terms of power and delay is done. The EFA is implemented for different multiplier architectures for performance parameter comparison. Overall delay for CSLAS is reduced to 78% when compared to conventional one. The circuit implementations are done on TSMC 28nm CMOS technology using Cadence Virtuoso tool. The EFA has power savings of up to 14% when compared to the conventional adder. The present implementation was found to offer significant improvement in terms of power and speed in comparison to other full adder circuits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20logic" title="embedded logic">embedded logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20adder" title=" full adder"> full adder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pdp" title=" pdp"> pdp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xor%20gate" title=" xor gate"> xor gate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30086/an-embedded-high-speed-adder-for-arithmetic-computations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1038</span> Optimization and Automation of Functional Testing with White-Box Testing Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reyhaneh%20Soltanshah">Reyhaneh Soltanshah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20R.%20Zarandi"> Hamid R. Zarandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to be more efficient in industries that are related to computer systems, software testing is necessary despite spending time and money. In the embedded system software test, complete knowledge of the embedded system architecture is necessary to avoid significant costs and damages. Software tests increase the price of the final product. The aim of this article is to provide a method to reduce time and cost in tests based on program structure. First, a complete review of eleven white box test methods based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 2015 and 2021 versions has been done. The proposed algorithm is designed using two versions of the 29119 standards, and some white-box testing methods that are expensive or have little coverage have been removed. On each of the functions, white box test methods were applied according to the 29119 standard and then the proposed algorithm was implemented on the functions. To speed up the implementation of the proposed method, the Unity framework has been used with some changes. Unity framework can be used in embedded software testing due to its open source and ability to implement white box test methods. The test items obtained from these two approaches were evaluated using a mathematical ratio, which in various software mining reduced between 50% and 80% of the test cost and reached the desired result with the minimum number of test items. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20software" title="embedded software">embedded software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduce%20costs" title=" reduce costs"> reduce costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20testing" title=" software testing"> software testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white-box%20testing" title=" white-box testing"> white-box testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186100/optimization-and-automation-of-functional-testing-with-white-box-testing-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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