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id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Foundation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Split_from_the_Gulf_Cartel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split_from_the_Gulf_Cartel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Split from the Gulf Cartel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Split_from_the_Gulf_Cartel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_Zetas_infighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_Zetas_infighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Los Zetas infighting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_Zetas_infighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Current status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamaulipas_state_corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamaulipas_state_corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Tamaulipas state corruption </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tamaulipas_state_corruption-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tamaulipas state corruption subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tamaulipas_state_corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Political corruption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prison_breaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prison_breaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Prison breaks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prison_breaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Police corruption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_structure_and_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_structure_and_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organizational structure and training </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizational_structure_and_training-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organizational structure and training subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organizational_structure_and_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_initial_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_initial_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 List of initial members </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_initial_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Territory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivalries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivalries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Rivalries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivalries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alliances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alliances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Alliances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alliances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Venezuela </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement_raids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement_raids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Law enforcement raids </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement_raids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anonymous'_Operation_Cartel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anonymous'_Operation_Cartel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Anonymous' Operation Cartel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anonymous'_Operation_Cartel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_outside_of_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_outside_of_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Influence outside of Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_outside_of_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_group_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_group_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Criminal group summary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_group_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" > 28 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84" title="لوس زيتاس كارتل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوس زيتاس كارتل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Сетас – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сетас" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas-kartellet" title="Los Zetas-kartellet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Los Zetas-kartellet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="کارتل لوس زتاس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارتل لوس زتاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%84%B8%ED%83%80%EC%8A%A4" title="로스 세타스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로스 세타스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A1" title="לוס סטאס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוס סטאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B9" title="ロス・セタス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロス・セタス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Лос-Сетас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лос-Сетас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Картел Зетас – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Картел Зетас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Лос-Сетас – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лос-Сетас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Zetas" title="Los Zetas – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Los Zetas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%93%B2%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF" title="洛斯哲塔斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="洛斯哲塔斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q248337#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas_Cartel&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Zetas Cartel">Los Zetas Cartel</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mexican criminal syndicate</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Criminal organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Los Zetas</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Zetas_presence.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Los_Zetas_presence.png/300px-Los_Zetas_presence.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Los_Zetas_presence.png/450px-Los_Zetas_presence.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Los_Zetas_presence.png/600px-Los_Zetas_presence.png 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="1362" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Los Zetas</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Osiel_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Osiel Cárdenas Guillén">Osiel Cárdenas Guillén</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Guzm%C3%A1n_Decena" title="Arturo Guzmán Decena">Arturo Guzmán Decena</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founding location</th><td class="infobox-data">Tamaulipas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1997–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territory</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuevo Leon">Nuevo Leon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coahuila" title="Coahuila">Coahuila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabasco" title="Tabasco">Tabasco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campeche" title="Campeche">Campeche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yucatán (state)">Yucatán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala">Tlaxcala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(state)" title="Hidalgo (state)">Hidalgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes" title="Aguascalientes">Aguascalientes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="State of México">State of México</a> Rest of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>: <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>: <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data">Multi-ethnic, but mainly Mexican and Latino</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(est.)</th><td class="infobox-data">20,000–50,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Maxiley Barahona Nadales</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal activities</th><td class="infobox-data">Drug trafficking, human trafficking, arms trafficking, murder, rape, kidnapping, racketeering, extortion, arson, hacking, video piracy, prostitution, theft<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Cartel" title="Tijuana Cartel">Tijuana Cartel</a> <a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez_Cartel" title="Juárez Cartel">Juárez Cartel</a> <a href="/wiki/%27Ndrangheta" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Mazatlecos" title="Los Mazatlecos">Los Mazatlecos</a> <a href="/wiki/Barrio_Azteca" title="Barrio Azteca">Barrio Azteca</a> <a href="/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">MS-13</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Texas_Syndicate" title="Texas Syndicate">Texas Syndicate</a> <a href="/wiki/Gangster_Disciples" title="Gangster Disciples">Gangster Disciples</a> <a href="/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime)" title="Triad (organized crime)">Triad</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Jamestown_Foundation-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Office_of_Envigado" class="mw-redirect" title="The Office of Envigado">The Office of Envigado</a> <a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_(gang)" title="La Línea (gang)">La Linea</a> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a><a href="#cite_note-Insight_Crime-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Camorra</a> <a href="/wiki/Cartel_of_the_Suns" title="Cartel of the Suns">Cartel of the Suns</a> Los Zetas Group Bravo </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rivals</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a><a href="#cite_note-ioangrillo2004-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_Cartel" title="Knights Templar Cartel">Knights Templar Cartel</a> <a href="/wiki/Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" title="Jalisco New Generation Cartel">Jalisco New Generation Cartel</a> <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a> <a href="/wiki/DEA" class="mw-redirect" title="DEA">DEA</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Los Zetas (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[los ˈsetas]</a>, Spanish for "The Zs") is a Mexican <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">criminal syndicate</a>, known as one of the most dangerous of Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel" title="Drug cartel">drug cartels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> They are known for engaging in brutally violent "<a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">shock and awe</a>" tactics such as <a href="/wiki/Decapitation#Mexico" title="Decapitation">beheadings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, and indiscriminate murder.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-22">[22]</a> While primarily concerned with drug trafficking, the organization also ran profitable <a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Mexico" title="Sex trafficking in Mexico">sex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_running" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun running">gun</a> rackets.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Los Zetas also operated through <a href="/wiki/Protection_racket" title="Protection racket">protection rackets</a>, assassinations, <a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortion</a>, kidnappings and other illegal activities.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The organization was based in <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Laredo,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas">Nuevo Laredo</a>, Tamaulipas, directly across the border from <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a>, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The origins of Los Zetas date back to the late 1990s, when <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commandos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> deserted their ranks and began working as the enforcement arm of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In February 2010, Los Zetas broke away and formed their own criminal organization, rivalling the Gulf Cartel.<a href="#cite_note-articles.cnn.com-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-mexico.cnn.com-28">[28]</a> They were at one point Mexico's largest and most expansive drug cartel in terms of geographical presence, overtaking their rivals, the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a>, in physical territory.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> However, since the mid/late 2010s Los Zetas has become fragmented and seen its influence diminish, with most factions absorbed by their regional opposition or eliminated.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> As of March 2016, Grupo Bravo (Bravo Group), <a href="/wiki/Los_Talibanes" title="Los Talibanes">Los Talibanes</a> (The Talibans), and <a href="/wiki/Zetas_Vieja_Escuela" title="Zetas Vieja Escuela">Zetas Vieja Escuela</a> (Old School Zetas) have formed an alliance with the Gulf Cartel against <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1rtel_del_Noreste" title="Cártel del Noreste">Cártel del Noreste</a> (Cartel of the Northeast).<a href="#cite_note-borderlandbeat-31">[31]</a> Another splinter group was formed also named <a href="/wiki/Sangre_Nueva_Zeta" title="Sangre Nueva Zeta">Sangre Nueva Zeta</a> (New Blood Zeta), allying themselves with the Jalisco Cartel as an armed wing. In March 2019, Texas <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> congressman <a href="/wiki/Chip_Roy" title="Chip Roy">Chip Roy</a> introduced a bill that would list the Cartel Del Noreste faction of Los Zetas, <a href="/wiki/Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" title="Jalisco New Generation Cartel">Jalisco New Generation Cartel</a> and Gulf Cartel as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations" title="United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations">foreign terrorist organizations</a>. Former United States President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> had also expressed interest in designating cartels as terrorist organizations.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> However such plans were halted at the request of Mexican President <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> Los Zetas was named after its first commander, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Guzm%C3%A1n_Decena" title="Arturo Guzmán Decena">Arturo Guzmán Decena</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Police" title="Federal Judicial Police">Federal Judicial Police</a> <a href="/wiki/Voice_procedure" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice procedure">radio code</a> was "Z1",<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> a code given to high-ranking officers.<a href="#cite_note-Networks0705-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weak1105-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Texas0407-37">[37]</a> The radio code for commanding Federal Judicial Police officers in Mexico was "Y" and those officers are nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yankees</a>", while Federal Judicial Police in charge of a city was codenamed "Z"; thus they were nicknamed as "Zetas", the Spanish word for the letter.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation">edit</a>]</div> After <a href="/wiki/Osiel_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Osiel Cárdenas Guillén">Osiel Cárdenas Guillén</a> took control of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a> in 1997, he found himself in a violent <a href="/wiki/Gang#Gang_violence" title="Gang">turf war</a>. To keep his organization and leadership from rival <a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel" title="Drug cartel">drug cartels</a> and from the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a>, Cárdenas sought out Decena, a retired army lieutenant.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Decena lured more than thirty <a href="/wiki/Deserters" class="mw-redirect" title="Deserters">deserters</a> from the elite <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Aerom%C3%B3vil_de_Fuerzas_Especiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales">Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales</a> (GAFE) to become his personal bodyguards, and later, as his mercenary wing.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> These deserters were enticed with salaries much higher than what they were paid by the military.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Some of these former GAFE members reportedly received training in <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban warfare</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Special_Forces_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Special Forces Units">Israeli</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Special Forces">U.S. Special Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Once Guillén consolidated his power, he expanded the responsibilities of Los Zetas, which began to organize <a href="/wiki/Kidnappings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidnappings">kidnappings</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Protection_racket" title="Protection racket">protection rackets</a>,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> securing <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> supply and trafficking routes known as plazas (zones) and executing its foes, often with extreme violence.<a href="#cite_note-Networks0705-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grayson-47">[47]</a> However, in November 2002, Decena was killed in a military action at a restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Matamoros,_Tamaulipas" title="Matamoros, Tamaulipas">Matamoros, Tamaulipas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> allowing <a href="/wiki/Heriberto_Lazcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Heriberto Lazcano">Heriberto Lazcano</a> ("Z3") to take control of the group.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In response to the rising power of the Gulf Cartel, the rival <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> established <a href="/wiki/Los_Negros" title="Los Negros">Los Negros</a>, an enforcer group similar to Los Zetas but not as complex or successful.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Upon the arrest of Guillén in March 2003 and his <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> in 2007, the Zetas took a more active leadership role within the Gulf Cartel and their influence grew within the organization.<a href="#cite_note-Networks0705-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The Zetas' membership ranges from <a href="/wiki/Police_corruption" title="Police corruption">corrupt</a> federal, state, and local police officers, and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> personnel,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-fbi-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-jornada.unam.mx-55">[55]</a> to ex-<a href="/wiki/Kaibiles" title="Kaibiles">Kaibiles</a>, the special forces of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Guatemala">Guatemalan military</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Over time, many of the Zetas' original thirty-one members have been killed or arrested; a number of younger men have filled the vacuum, but the group as currently extant remains far from the efficiency of their paramilitary origins.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Los Zetas was partially responsible for a qualitative increase in the brutality of the violence seen during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">Modern Mexican Drug Wars</a>. Unlike other cartels, the Zetas did not buy alliances so much as terrorize their enemies. Because the cartel was quite new at the time, it competed with more established cartels by using extreme violence and cruelty as a form of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">psychological warfare</a>. They tortured victims, strung up bodies, and slaughtered indiscriminately. They preferred to take military-style control of territory, holding it through sheer force and exploiting its criminal opportunities. Although their military training was diluted over time, their brutality was not. Rival cartels struggling against the Zetas began to adopt some of their tactics, further ramping up violence in the country.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> As other <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> groups subsequently copied the Zetas' brutal and superfluous methods to ensure they could survive, this resulted in the violence in Mexico escalating to much higher levels and to new forms. Some of these newer tortures and hyper-violent execution styles included practices such as <a href="/wiki/Flaying" title="Flaying">flaying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castration</a> as well as public displays of the victims.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Split_from_the_Gulf_Cartel">Split from the Gulf Cartel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Split from the Gulf Cartel">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Zeta_gunmen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Los_Zeta_gunmen.jpg/250px-Los_Zeta_gunmen.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/00/Los_Zeta_gunmen.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Los Zetas gunmen interrogating a member of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a>.</figcaption></figure> Following the capture and extradition of Cárdenas, Los Zetas became so powerful that they outnumbered and outclassed the Gulf Cartel in revenue, membership, and influence by 2010.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> As a result of this imbalance, the Cartel tried to curtail their own enforcers' influence and ended up instigating a civil war.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In addition, the Cartel, through its <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in the Mexican Drug War">narco-banners</a> in Matamoros and <a href="/wiki/Reynosa,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynosa, Tamaulipas">Reynosa</a>, accused Los Zetas of expanding their operations to murder, theft, extortion, <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a> – actions that the Cartel allegedly disagreed with.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Los Zetas countered by posting their own banners throughout Tamaulipas, noting that they had carried out executions and kidnappings under orders of the Cartel and they were originally created for that sole purpose.<a href="#cite_note-Narcobanners-62">[62]</a> In addition, Los Zetas charged that the Cartel was <a href="/wiki/Scapegoat" title="Scapegoat">scapegoating</a> them for the murders of innocent civilians.<a href="#cite_note-Narcobanners-62">[62]</a> Reports vary as to who triggered the formal split and why. Some sources claim that Guillén, brother of Cárdenas and one of the successors of the Gulf Cartel, was addicted to gambling, sex, and drugs, leading Los Zetas to perceive his leadership as a threat to the organization.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Other reports mention, however, that the divide occurred due to a disagreement on who would take on the leadership of the cartel after the extradition of Cárdenas. The candidates from the Cartel were Guillén and <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Eduardo_Costilla_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez">Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez</a>, while Los Zetas wanted to hand the leadership to their own head, Lazcano.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The Cartel also reportedly began looking to form a truce with the rival Sinaloa Cartel, which Los Zetas did not want to recognize, allegedly preferring an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Beltr%C3%A1n-Leyva_Cartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltrán-Leyva Cartel">Beltrán-Leyva Cartel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Flores_Borrego" title="Samuel Flores Borrego">Samuel Flores Borrego</a>, a lieutenant of the Cartel, killed Zetas lieutenant Sergio Peña Mendoza, alias "El Concorde 3", due to a disagreement over the drug corridor of Reynosa, whom both protected.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Los Zetas demanded that the Cartel hand over the killer, but they refused.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> When the hostilities began, the Cartel joined forces with its former rivals, the Sinaloa Cartel and <a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana" title="La Familia Michoacana">La Familia Michoacana</a>, aiming to take out Los Zetas.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Consequently, Los Zetas allied with the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel, the <a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez_Cartel" title="Juárez Cartel">Juárez Cartel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Cartel" title="Tijuana Cartel">Tijuana Cartel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Los_Zetas_infighting">Los Zetas infighting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Los Zetas infighting">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Infighting_in_Los_Zetas" title="Infighting in Los Zetas">Infighting in Los Zetas</a></div> In early 2010, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Trevi%C3%B1o_Morales" title="Miguel Treviño Morales">Miguel Treviño Morales</a>, the former second-in-command of Los Zetas, had reportedly taken the leadership of the Zetas and displaced Lazcano.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-inevitable-74">[74]</a> Lazcano was initially content to have Morales in his ranks, but reportedly gave Morales too much power and underestimated his violent nature.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Morales' active leadership gained him the loyalty and respect of many in Los Zetas, leading many to eventually stop paying their tributes to Lazcano.<a href="#cite_note-hemisphere-76">[76]</a> Los Zetas are inherently an unstable organized crime group with a long history of brutal violence, and with the possibility of more if the infighting continues and if they fight on without a central command.<a href="#cite_note-uskillings-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks">Attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Attacks">edit</a>]</div> Los Zetas have also carried out multiple massacres and attacks on civilians and rival cartels, such as: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">2010 San Fernando massacre</a> (24 August), where 72 migrants were found dead;<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/2011_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2011 San Fernando massacre">2011 San Fernando massacre</a> (6 April – 7 June), where 193 people were killed;<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>the massacre of 27 farmers in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> (discovered on 15 May 2011);<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/2011_Monterrey_casino_attack" title="2011 Monterrey casino attack">2011 Monterrey casino attack</a> (25 August), where 52 people were killed;<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Altamira_prison_brawl" title="Altamira prison brawl">Altamira prison brawl</a> (4 January 2012), where 31 Gulf cartel inmates were killed;<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Apodaca_prison_riot" title="Apodaca prison riot">Apodaca prison riot</a> (19 February 2012), where 44 Gulf cartel inmates were killed and 37 Zetas escaped from prison;<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li></ul> In addition, sources reveal that Los Zetas may also be responsible for: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/2010_Puebla_oil_pipeline_explosion" title="2010 Puebla oil pipeline explosion">2010 Puebla oil pipeline explosion</a>, which killed 28 people, injured 52, and damaged over 115 homes.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li>the 2011 massacre at <a href="/wiki/Allende,_Coahuila" title="Allende, Coahuila">Allende, Coahuila</a> where an estimated 300–500 civilians were killed after the Zetas accused two local men of betraying the organization.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_BPM_Festival" title="The BPM Festival">The BPM Festival</a> shootings (16 January 2017), which killed five people (two Mexicans, one American, one Canadian, and one Italian)<a href="#cite_note-WVAH-BPM-87">[87]</a> and injured 15<a href="#cite_note-reuters-BPM-88">[88]</a> at the Blue Parrot nightclub in <a href="/wiki/Playa_del_Carmen" title="Playa del Carmen">Playa del Carmen</a>. A large hand-painted sign was hung in the town which contained specific references to BPM and its co-founder and was signed by "El Fayo Z".<a href="#cite_note-cbc-cartel-89">[89]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_status">Current status</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Current status">edit</a>]</div> By 2011, only 10 of the original 34 Zetas remained fugitives,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> and to this day most of them have either been killed or captured by the Mexican law enforcement and military forces.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> As of 2012, Los Zetas had control over 11 states in Mexico, making it the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">drug cartel</a> with the largest territory in the country.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Their rivals, the Sinaloa Cartel, had lost some territories to Los Zetas, and went down from 23 states in dominion to 16.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> By the beginning of 2012, Mexico's government escalated its offensive against the Zetas with the announcement that five new military bases will be installed in the group's primary areas of operation.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> On 9 October 2012, the Mexican Navy confirmed that Los Zetas leader Heriberto Lazcano had been killed in a firefight with Mexican marines in a <a href="/wiki/States_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Mexico">state</a> on the border with <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In a May 2013 interview with the <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>, researcher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Haering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Haering (page does not exist)">Daniel Haering</a> stated, "The old networks were disrupted by the Zetas, and now the Zetas have disintegrated into Zetillas. They are splinter groups ('grupúsculos'), not big operators."<a href="#cite_note-icgrpt-98">[98]</a> On 14 July 2013, it was reported that the Mexican Marine Corps captured the Zetas leader Miguel Ángel Treviño Morales, also known as "Z-40" in <a href="/wiki/An%C3%A1huac,_Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Anáhuac, Nuevo León">Anáhuac, Nuevo León</a>, near the border of Tamaulipas state.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The authorities allege that he was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Omar_Trevi%C3%B1o_Morales" title="Omar Treviño Morales">Omar Treviño Morales</a> (alias Z-42), his brother.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On 12 October 2013, Mexican authorities captured alleged top Zetas operative <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerardo_Jaramillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerardo Jaramillo (page does not exist)">Gerardo Jaramillo</a>, alias "El Yanqui".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> His arrest ultimately resulted in the discovery and seizure of a large Zetas weapons cache and supply stash, including "assault rifles, several grenade launchers, magazines, 2,000 rounds of ammunition of various calibres, bullet-proof vests and <a href="/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)" title="Balaclava (clothing)">balaclavas</a>".<a href="#cite_note-icgrpt-98">[98]</a> On 9 May 2014, one of the founding members, <a href="/wiki/Galindo_Mellado_Cruz" title="Galindo Mellado Cruz">Galindo Mellado Cruz</a>, and four other armed men were killed in a shootout after Mexican security forces raided Cruz's hideout in the city of <a href="/wiki/Reynosa" title="Reynosa">Reynosa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On 3 March 2015, Mexican security forces arrested the last known leader of the remaining Zetas structure, Omar Treviño Morales (alias "Z-42") in a suburb in Monterrey, Nuevo León.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On 23 March 2015, Ramiro Pérez Moreno (alias "El Rana"), a potential successor of "Z-42" was captured, along with 4 other men, carrying 6 kilos of cocaine and marijuana, rifles and one hand grenade.<a href="#cite_note-aztecanoticias-104">[104]</a> On 9 February 2018, Mexican authorities arrested the new leader José María Guízar Valencia alias "Z-43" in Mexico City in Roma neighbourhood. US offered $5m reward for his capture, he is responsible for importing thousands of kilograms of cocaine and methamphetamine to the US every year and murdered an untold number of Guatemalan civilians during the systematic takeover of the Guatemalan border region.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> On 9 April 2019,<a href="#cite_note-baltimorereports-106">[106]</a> José Roberto Stolberg Becerra, also known as "La Barbie", was arrested in Jalisco.<a href="#cite_note-mexicodapril-107">[107]</a> He was reported to have been the leader of the cartel's Los Zetas la Vieja Escuela (Old School Zetas) faction.<a href="#cite_note-baltimorereports-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-mexicodapril-107">[107]</a> On 26 May 2019, an operative for Los Zetas in the Veracruz municipalities of Las Choapas and Agua Dulce was arrested by the Mexican Navy.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In early July 2019, Los Zetas leaders Jorge Antonio "El Yorch" Gloria Palacios, the second-in-command of the Cartel Del Noreste (CDN) faction of Los Zetas, and Hugo "El Ganso" Sanchez Garcia, who served as head of Los Zetas in San Fernando, were detained by Mexican authorities.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In January 2020, Los Zetas regional leader José Carmen N., also known as "El Comandante Reyes", was arrested in Oaxaca.<a href="#cite_note-veracruzoaxaca-111">[111]</a> He was believed to be in charge of the gang's operations in 12 municipalities in Veracruz, including Acayucan, Minatitlán and Coatzacoalcos, known as the state's most violent towns.<a href="#cite_note-veracruzoaxaca-111">[111]</a> The same month, Verónica Hernández Giadáns, the Attorney General of Veracruz, admitted that her cousin Guadalupe "La Jefa" Hernández Hervis was in fact chief of operations for Los Zetas and also a close association of former Los Zetas leader Hernán "El Comandante H" Martínez Zavaleta, who was arrested in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In March 2020, senior Los Zetas operative Hugo Alejandro Salcido Cisneros, also known as "El Porras" or "Comandante Pinpon", was killed in a gun battle with police in Nuevo Laredo.<a href="#cite_note-loszetasmarch2020-113">[113]</a> Salcido Cisneros was the leader of the "Tropa del Infierno", a group of hitmen under the direction of the Cartel Del Noreste (CDN) fraction of Los Zetas.<a href="#cite_note-loszetasmarch2020-113">[113]</a> Several other Tropa del Infierno gunmen was injured in the clashes as well.<a href="#cite_note-loszetasmarch2020-113">[113]</a> In May 2020, Moisés Escamilla, a leader of the "Old School Zetas" died in prison after contracting <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tamaulipas_state_corruption">Tamaulipas state corruption</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tamaulipas state corruption">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_corruption">Political corruption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political corruption">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamaulipas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tamaulipas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/250px-Tamaulipas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tamaulipas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/375px-Tamaulipas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tamaulipas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg/500px-Tamaulipas_en_M%C3%A9xico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>Drug violence and political corruption are plaguing the Mexican state of Tamaulipas, home of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas.</figcaption></figure> The drug violence and political corruption that has plagued <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>, the home state of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas, has fueled fears of it becoming a "<a href="/wiki/Failed_state" title="Failed state">failed state</a>" and a haven for drug traffickers and criminals.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The massacre of <a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">72 migrants</a> and the discovery of <a href="/wiki/2011_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2011 San Fernando massacre">mass graves</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Tamaulipas" title="San Fernando, Tamaulipas">San Fernando</a>,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> the assassination of the gubernatorial candidate <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Torre_Cant%C3%BA" title="Rodolfo Torre Cantú">Rodolfo Torre Cantú</a>,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> the increasing violence between cartels, and the state's inability to ensure safety have led some analysts to conclude that "neither the regional nor federal government have control over the territory of Tamaulipas."<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Although drug-related violence had existed long before the Mexican Drug War, it often happened in low-profile levels, with the government "looking the other way" in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribes</a> while drug traffickers went about their business – as long as there was no violence.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> During the 71-year rule of the <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a> (PRI), the Mexican government would conduct customary arrests and allow cartel business to continue.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> After the PRI lost power to the <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a> (PAN) in the <a href="/wiki/2000_Mexican_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Mexican presidential election">2000 presidential election</a>, all the "agreements" between the previous government and the cartels were lost along with the pax mafiosa.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Tamaulipas was no exception; according to PAN politician <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Creel" title="Santiago Creel">Santiago Creel</a>, the PRI in Tamaulipas had been protecting the Gulf-Zeta organization for years.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The PAN has claimed that government elections in Tamaulipas are likely to encounter an "organized crime influence".<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In addition, there are formal charges that three former governors of Tamaulipas – Manuel Cavazos Lerma (1993–1999), <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Yarrington" title="Tomás Yarrington">Tomás Yarrington</a> (1999–2005), and <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Flores" title="Eugenio Hernández Flores">Eugenio Hernández Flores</a> (2005–2010) – have had close ties with the Gulf-Zeta organization.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> On 30 January 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Mexico" title="Attorney General of Mexico">Attorney General of Mexico</a> issued a communiqué ordering the governors and their families to remain in the country as they are being investigated for possible collaboration with cartels.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In 2012, Yarrington was further accused of <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> for Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Tampico,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampico, Tamaulipas">Tampico</a>, Mayor Óscar Pérez Inguanzo was arrested on 12 November 2011 due to his "improper exercise of public functions and forgery" of certain documents.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In mid-2010, both Flores and the mayor of Reynosa, Óscar Luebbert Gutiérrez – both members of the PRI – were criticized for claiming that there were no armed confrontations in Tamaulipas and that the widespread violence was "only a rumor".<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Months later, Flores finally acknowledged that several parts of Tamaulipas were "being overrun by organized crime violence".<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Gutiérrez later recognized the work of the federal troops and acknowledged that his city was experiencing "an escalation in violence".<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prison_breaks">Prison breaks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prison breaks">edit</a>]</div> On 25 March 2010, forty inmates escaped from a federal prison in the city of Matamoros.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> On 5 April 2010, at a prison in Reynosa, a convoy of ten trucks packed with gunmen entered the prison grounds without resistance, broke into the cells, and liberated thirteen "extremely dangerous" inmates.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Eighty-five inmates escaped from the same Reynosa prison six months later.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Laredo,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas">Nuevo Laredo</a>, on 17 December 2010, 141 inmates escaped from a federal prison.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The federal government condemned the mass prison break and stated that the work by the state and municipal authorities of Tamaulipas lack effective control measures, and urged them to strengthen their institutions.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> A confrontation inside a maximum security prison in Nuevo Laredo on 15 July 2011 left 7 inmates dead and 59 escaped.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Five on-duty guards have not been found.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The governor of Tamaulipas then acknowledged his inability to secure federal prisoners and prisons.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Consequently, the federal government assigned the Mexican Army and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)" title="Federal Police (Mexico)">Federal Police</a> to guard some prisons until further notice; they were also left in charge of searching for the fugitives.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> It has been reported that more than 400 prison inmates escaped from several Tamaulipas prisons from January 2010 to March 2011 due to corruption.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> On 17 September 2012 in <a href="/wiki/Piedras_Negras,_Coahuila" title="Piedras Negras, Coahuila">Piedras Negras, Coahuila</a>, more than 130 inmates from Los Zetas organized a massive prison break in broad daylight by walking directly from the front gate to several trucks outside the prison.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_corruption">Police corruption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Police corruption">edit</a>]</div> Tamaulipas police forces are the worst paid in Mexico despite being one of the states hardest hit by drug violence;<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes" title="Aguascalientes">Aguascalientes</a>, a state where violence levels are much lower, policemen are paid five times more than in Tamaulipas.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> As a result, most police forces in Tamaulipas are believed to be susceptible to corruption due to their low wages, and accept bribes from organized crime groups.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The National Public Security System (SNSP) has condemned the low police salaries, and demanded that state and municipal authorities create better payment programs for policemen so they can have a fair wage for themselves and their families.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Although the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Operation_Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n-Tamaulipas" title="Joint Operation Nuevo León-Tamaulipas">Joint Operation Nuevo León-Tamaulipas</a> issued in 2007, along with several other military-led operations by the federal government, brought thousands of troops to restore order in Tamaulipas,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> on 9 May 2011, the Federal Police and the Mexican Army disarmed all police forces in Tamaulipas, beginning with the cities of Matamoros and Reynosa.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The following month, the federal government was asked to send in troops to combat the drug cartels in the area, to "consolidate actions on public safety" and "strengthen the capacity of their institutions".<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> However, the troops could only replace half of the policemen in the state.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Consequently, the government is currently building military bases in <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Mier" title="Ciudad Mier">Ciudad Mier</a>, San Fernando and <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Mante,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas">Ciudad Mante</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> On 7 November 2011, 650 policemen were released from their duties because they had either failed or refused "corruption control tests".<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure_and_training">Organizational structure and training</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Organizational structure and training">edit</a>]</div> Los Zetas have set up camps to train recruits as well as corrupt ex-federal, state, and local police officers.<a href="#cite_note-Cook10-161">[161]</a> In September 2005 testimony to the Mexican Congress from the then-Defense Secretary Clemente Vega, indicated that the Zetas had also hired at least 30 former <a href="/wiki/Kaibil" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaibil">Kaibiles</a> from <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> to train new recruits because the number of former Mexican special forces men in their ranks had shrunk.<a href="#cite_note-Cook10-161">[161]</a> Los Zetas' training locations have been identified as having a similar setup as military <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a> training facilities. Los Zetas members may also possess a "Los Zetas Commando Medallion" for their service to the organization.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> It is reported that Los Zetas also uses women within their organizational structure. There is a female unit known as the Panteras, or panthers. These women use seduction to negotiate with military, law enforcement, and political personnel to help Los Zetas' goals. In the event that they are unable to obtain the desired outcome, they may kill their targets. The initial leader of this group was Ashly "La Comandante Bombón" Narro López; she was captured in 2009 in connection to the murder of General Tello Quiñones. Women also work within the cartel as plaza bosses, administrators, mediators, and shooters.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_initial_members">List of initial members</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of initial members">edit</a>]</div> Arturo Guzman was initially tasked by Cardenas to recruit 20 men to murder his rival Rolando Lopez Salinas. Guzman and Lazcano were eventually able to convince 34 GAFE operators to leave the Mexican Army and form the core of Los Zetas. The first 14 members became known as the "Group of 14" (Grupo de los Catorce) or simply "The 14" (Los 14).<a href="#cite_note-David_F._Marley_2011_p._280-164">[164]</a> <ul><li>Z-1 - <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Guzm%C3%A1n_Decena" title="Arturo Guzmán Decena">Arturo Guzmán Decena</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-2 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alejandro_Lucio_Morales_Betancourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alejandro Lucio Morales Betancourt (page does not exist)">Alejandro Lucio Morales Betancourt</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_National_Defense_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico)">Military Intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a> <ul><li>Replaced by <a href="/wiki/Rogelio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Piza%C3%B1a" title="Rogelio González Pizaña">Rogelio González Pizaña</a> - <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Police" title="Federal Judicial Police">Federal Judicial Police</a> Helicopter Pilot</li></ul></li> <li>Z-3 - <a href="/wiki/Heriberto_Lazcano_Lazcano" title="Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano">Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-4 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Ponce_Salazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Ponce Salazar (page does not exist)">Hugo Ponce Salazar</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-5 - <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Guerrero_Reyes" title="Luis Alberto Guerrero Reyes">Luis Alberto Guerrero Reyes</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> 70th Infantry Battalion, <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a> <ul><li>Replaced by <a href="/wiki/Braulio_Arellano_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="Braulio Arellano Domínguez">Braulio Arellano Domínguez</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> Infantry Forces</li></ul></li> <li>Z-6 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mateo_D%C3%ADaz_L%C3%B3pez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mateo Díaz López (page does not exist)">Mateo Díaz López</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Armored Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-7 - <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Enrique_Rej%C3%B3n_Aguilar" title="Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar">Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> Ordinance Officer <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-8 - <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Guerrero_Silva" title="Óscar Guerrero Silva">Óscar Guerrero Silva</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> Logistics Officer <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-9 - <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alberto_Trejo_Benavides" title="Raúl Alberto Trejo Benavides">Raúl Alberto Trejo Benavides</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a> <ul><li>Replaced by Galindo Mellado Cruz</li></ul></li> <li>Z-10 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Zatar%C3%ADn_Beliz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernesto Zatarín Beliz (page does not exist)">Ernesto Zatarín Beliz</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> Communications Officer <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a> <ul><li>Replaced by <a href="/wiki/Omar_Lorm%C3%A9ndez_Pital%C3%BAa" title="Omar Lorméndez Pitalúa">Omar Lorméndez Pitalúa</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Z-11 - <a href="/wiki/Galindo_Mellado_Cruz" title="Galindo Mellado Cruz">Galindo Mellado Cruz</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-12 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Reyes_Enr%C3%ADquez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Reyes Enríquez (page does not exist)">Luis Reyes Enríquez</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-13 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hector_Daniel_Reyes_Reyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hector Daniel Reyes Reyes (page does not exist)">Hector Daniel Reyes Reyes</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-14 - <a href="/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_Teodoro_Torres" title="Efraín Teodoro Torres">Efraín Teodoro Torres</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> Non-Commissioned Officer Infantry Forces</li> <li>Z-15 - <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Castro" title="Gustavo González Castro">Gustavo González Castro</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexican Air Force</a> Infantry Forces</li> <li>Z-16 - <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Lucio_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Lechuga" title="Raúl Lucio Hernández Lechuga">Raúl Lucio Hernández Lechuga</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-17 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Vera_Calva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Vera Calva (page does not exist)">Carlos Vera Calva</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a> <ul><li>Replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Miguel_Vizcarra_Cruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Miguel Vizcarra Cruz (page does not exist)">Juan Miguel Vizcarra Cruz</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Z-18 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gonzalo_Gerezano_Escribano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gonzalo Gerezano Escribano (page does not exist)">Gonzalo Gerezano Escribano</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-19 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxiley_Barahona_Nadales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxiley Barahona Nadales (page does not exist)">Maxiley Barahona Nadales</a> -<a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-20 - <a href="/wiki/Nabor_Vargas_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Nabor Vargas García">Nabor Vargas García</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Estado_Mayor_Presidencial" title="Estado Mayor Presidencial">Presidential Guard</a></li> <li>Z-22 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Lucas_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Barras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge Lucas Hernández Barras (page does not exist)">Jorge Lucas Hernández Barras</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-23 - <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Mendez_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavio Mendez Santiago">Flavio Mendez Santiago</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-24 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Javier_Almaz%C3%A1n_Baldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javier Almazán Baldera (page does not exist)">Javier Almazán Baldera</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-25 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Germ%C3%A1n_Torres_Jim%C3%A9nez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germán Torres Jiménez (page does not exist)">Germán Torres Jiménez</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> Infantry Forces</li> <li>Z-27 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Pedro_Saldivar-Far%C3%ADas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Pedro Saldivar-Farías (page does not exist)">Juan Pedro Saldivar-Farías</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-36 - <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_de_la_Cruz_Reyna" title="Juan Carlos de la Cruz Reyna">Juan Carlos de la Cruz Reyna</a> - <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas_State_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamaulipas State Police">Tamaulipas State Police</a> (Not a founding member but a high-ranking member within the organization)</li> <li>Z-37 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_P%C3%A9rez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciro González Pérez (page does not exist)">Ciro González Pérez</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army Special Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/GAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="GAFE">GAFE</a></li> <li>Z-44 - <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Enrique_Ruiz-Tlapanco" title="Sergio Enrique Ruiz-Tlapanco">Sergio Enrique Ruiz-Tlapanco</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Police" title="Federal Judicial Police">Federal Judicial Police</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territory">Territory</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Territory">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrolling_Rio_Grande_@_Laredo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Patrolling_Rio_Grande_%40_Laredo.jpg/220px-Patrolling_Rio_Grande_%40_Laredo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Patrolling_Rio_Grande_%40_Laredo.jpg/330px-Patrolling_Rio_Grande_%40_Laredo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Patrolling_Rio_Grande_%40_Laredo.jpg/440px-Patrolling_Rio_Grande_%40_Laredo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol</a> patrolling the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Airboat" title="Airboat">airboat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the early 2010s, analysts indicated that Los Zetas were the largest <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> group in Mexico in terms of geographical presence.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> They are primarily based in the border region of Nuevo Laredo and Coahuila with hundreds more throughout the country. They have placed lookouts at arrival destinations such as airports, bus stations and main roads.<a href="#cite_note-Weak1105-36">[36]</a> In addition to conducting criminal activities along the border, they operate throughout the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, in the southern states of <a href="/wiki/Tabasco" title="Tabasco">Tabasco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yucatán (state)">Yucatán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>, and in the Pacific Coast states of <a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Grayson-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> They are also active in several states in the United States, including Texas.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The cartel also has important areas of operation in Guatemala,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> where their operations are reported to have begun as early as 2008.<a href="#cite_note-icgrpt-98">[98]</a> They are active in Europe, specifically in Italy with the <a href="/wiki/%27Ndrangheta" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Italy-170">[170]</a> Early in 2012 it was reported that 'Los Zetas' are operating in the northern <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>–<a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> border, and have teamed up with the Colombian outfit called <a href="/wiki/Los_Rastrojos" title="Los Rastrojos">Los Rastrojos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-venecolom-171">[171]</a> Together they control the drug trafficking routes in the Colombian <a href="/wiki/La_Guajira_Department" title="La Guajira Department">La Guajira</a> and the Venezuelan state of <a href="/wiki/Zulia" title="Zulia">Zulia</a>, Colombia as the producing country and Venezuela as the main port route toward the U.S. and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-venecolom-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivalries">Rivalries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rivalries">edit</a>]</div> Indications of the broken alliance between the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas began in September 2009. On 24 February 2010, gunmen onboard hundreds of trucks marked C.D.G, XXX, and M3 – the insignias of the Cartel – clashed with Zetas gunmen in the northern cities of Tamaulipas.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The clash between these two groups started in Reynosa, and then expanded to Nuevo Laredo and Matamoros.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The war then spread out through eleven municipalities of Tamaulipas, nine of them bordering Texas.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Soon, the war reached Tamaulipas' neighboring states of <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Their conflict also spread to U.S. soil, where rival cartel hitmen killed two Zeta members in <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville, Texas</a> on 5 October 2010.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Confrontations between the two groups temporarily paralyzed entire cities in broad daylight.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Many of the municipalities throughout Tamaulipas were described by witnesses as "war zones", with many businesses and homes burned down.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In the midst of violence and panic, local authorities and media tried to minimize the situation and claimed that "nothing was occurring", but the facts were impossible to cover up.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> For many years, there were long-fought battles between the Gulf and Sinaloa Cartels, that eventually led the two to reevaluate the situation and decide whether or not this combat was in either organization's best interests.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The complexity and territorial advantage of Los Zetas forced the Gulf Cartel to seek an alliance with the Sinaloa Cartel and La Familia Michoacana.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alliances">Alliances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Alliances">edit</a>]</div> Following the conflict with the Gulf Cartel, Los Zetas joined forces with the <a href="/wiki/Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva_Cartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltrán Leyva Cartel">Beltrán Leyva Cartel</a> (who was simultaneously separating from the Sinaloa Cartel) as well as the <a href="/wiki/Juarez_Cartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Juarez Cartel">Juarez Cartel</a> and Tijuana Cartel or Arellano Félix organization, to counteract the alliance of the Gulf Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel and La Familia Michoacana cartels.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Since February 2010, the major cartels have aligned in two factions, one formed by the Juárez Cartel, Tijuana Cartel, Los Zetas and the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel; the other faction integrated by the Gulf Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel and La Familia Cartel.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> In a 2010 report, it was noted <a href="/wiki/Sure%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Sureño">Sureño</a> street gangs maintain ties with the Los Zetas cartel in California and <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fbi.gov-187">[187]</a> A recent report from the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> shows <a href="/wiki/Gangs_in_the_United_States" title="Gangs in the United States">US street gangs</a> growing closer with Mexican cartels. Within the United States, Los Zetas are using social media as a method of communication between the two countries and are also using the sites as a method of recruiting young aspiring members who in their perception see the actions of the cartel as glorified and are able to ask how they can join.<a href="#cite_note-surenos1-188">[188]</a> In addition, Sureños share connections with Los Zetas, as do the gangs <a href="/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">MS-13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Mafia" title="Mexican Mafia">Mexican Mafia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_Kings_(gang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Kings (gang)">Latin Kings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-surenos1-188">[188]</a> Los Zetas used main highways in the United States such as I-10,I-40, and I-35 to get their drugs to different cities. A few of these cities include Chicago and Houston.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Venezuela">edit</a>]</div> On 13 February 2017, Venezuelan vice president <a href="/wiki/Tareck_El_Aissami" title="Tareck El Aissami">Tareck El Aissami</a> was sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury Department">United States Treasury Department</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Narcotics_Kingpin_Designation_Act" title="Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act">Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act</a>, with US officials accusing him of facilitating drug shipments from Venezuela to Mexico and the US, freezing millions of dollars of assets purportedly under El Aissami's control.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> The accusation included allegations that El Aissami had trafficked drugs to Los Zetas.<a href="#cite_note-NYTkingpin-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_enforcement_raids">Law enforcement raids</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Law enforcement raids">edit</a>]</div> Due to the high level <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">counter insurgency</a> training of the initial members from the Mexican military, Los Zetas have been infamously difficult to disrupt. Despite this, Los Zetas operations have been successfully interrupted by US and Mexican Law enforcement agencies. Following a bilateral law enforcement investigation named 'Operation Black Jack', executed by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>, three Zeta <a href="/wiki/Safe_house" title="Safe house">safe houses</a> were identified in Mexico and raided by Mexican federal security forces, releasing more than 40 kidnapped individuals,<a href="#cite_note-Weak1105-36">[36]</a> and making the largest weapons seizure in the history of Mexico; it included 540 rifles including 288 <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifles</a> and several .50-caliber rifles, 287 <a href="/wiki/Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">hand grenades</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/M72_LAW" title="M72 LAW">M72 LAW</a> anti-tank weapons, 500,000 rounds of ammunition, 67 <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic vest">ballistic vests</a>, 3 anti aircraft weapons and 14 sticks of <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> In October 2008, the FBI warned that a Zetas' cell in Texas would engage law enforcement with a full tactical response, should law enforcement attempt to intervene in their operations.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The cell leader was identified as <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Jaime González Durán">Jaime González Durán</a> (The Hummer), who was later arrested on 7 November 2008, in the border city of Reynosa, Tamaulipas.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> In February 2009, Texas Governor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> announced a program called "Operation Border Star Contingency Plan" to safeguard the border if the Zetas carried out their threats to attack U.S. security officers. This project included the use of tanks, airplanes and the National Guard "as a preventive measure upon the possible collapse of the Mexican State" to protect the border from a Zetas attack and receive an eventual exodus of Mexicans fleeing from the violence.<a href="#cite_note-explorando-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-GlobalVoices-197">[197]</a> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> imposed sanctions on Los Zetas as one of four key <a href="/wiki/Transnational_organized_crime" title="Transnational organized crime">transnational organized crime</a> groups, along with the <a href="/wiki/Brothers%27_Circle" title="Brothers' Circle">Brothers' Circle</a> from Russia, the <a href="/wiki/Yamaguchi-gumi" title="Yamaguchi-gumi">Yamaguchi-gumi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza">yakuza</a>) from Japan, and the <a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Camorra</a> from Italy.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Also in 2012, the United States posted a $5,000,000 reward for information leading to the successful capture of Miguel Treviño Morales. Trevino-Morales is known in Los Zetas as "Z-40"<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> On 12 June 2012, "Z-40" and two of his brothers were arrested and indicted on charges in Texas after raids and dozens of arrests in New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> There is a great lack of funding being sent to Mexico by the United States to combat Los Zetas, although they address Mexico in the media as their biggest concern.<a href="#cite_note-Kellner_2010-201">[201]</a> The <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida_Initiative" title="Mérida Initiative">Mérida Initiative</a> that was put in place by the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> in the United States suggested that $1.4 billion in funds was to be sent to Mexico over a three-year period to combat narco trafficking from the U.S.-Mexico border to Panama, but few of these funds have yet to be received in Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-Kellner_2010-201">[201]</a> In addition, the Obama administration made a very modest effort by way of support for the struggling country although "former drug czar <a href="/wiki/Barry_McCaffrey" title="Barry McCaffrey">Barry McCaffrey</a> told Congress that Merida, was 'a drop in the bucket'", and that the United States "cannot afford to have a narco-state as [their] neighbour".<a href="#cite_note-Kellner_2010-201">[201]</a> Thus far, of the resources promised by the United States government regarding Mexico and their ongoing drug combat, little has been received, principally because Mexico's 2012–18 PRI government failed to honor the clause of improving and upholding human rights in the Mexican Federal Republic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anonymous'_Operation_Cartel">Anonymous' Operation Cartel</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Anonymous' Operation Cartel">edit</a>]</div> The operation to expose information of people who work with Los Zetas, dubbed "Operation Cartel", was reportedly started as a result of an <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a> member being kidnapped during Operation Paperstorm in Veracruz,<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> a once-peaceful city.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> mentioned that Los Zetas has access to sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Computer_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer surveillance">tracking software</a> due to the fact that they have infiltrated Mexican law enforcement agencies, and that online anonymity might not be enough protection for Internet users.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_outside_of_Mexico">Influence outside of Mexico</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Influence outside of Mexico">edit</a>]</div> Los Zetas have caused terror throughout Mexico for the past two decades. But they also present a threat to all nations in the Western Hemisphere. As of 2017, 40% of Mexico's oil market is under the control of the Zetas[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. According to the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>, Mexico is responsible for 10% of all of United States petroleum imports and plays an even larger role in exporting to nations in South America.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> In the oil industry alone, the influence of Los Zetas has the potential to cause economic instability in every nation Mexico partners with, and many of these nations may not have the economy to be able to withstand this instability. The Zetas also play a role in transporting humans and drugs across borders, providing security to these operations. These drug trades are responsible for providing countries from <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> to the United States with narcotics and other harmful substances. Mexico serves as a central location for these organizations to conduct their business and thus gets affected the most, but the effects are seen all along the trade route. In addition to the more common drugs like marijuana and cocaine, the <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a> has reported Los Zetas have also provided support in the <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> trade. These harder drugs are shipped to the cartels through partnerships with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and other Asian countries, before being distributed out across the Americas. The constant supply of drugs to all countries in the west can be directly contributed to the Zetas and other major cartels in Mexico, and it will continue to corrupt Mexico's neighbors. The last method Los Zetas use to influence western nations is through criminal rule in prison systems. Los Zetas members have long been known to create a system of criminal governance within prison systems through <a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Executions" class="mw-redirect" title="Executions">executions</a>, and they have been the catalyst for many prison riots and outbreaks in nations outside of Mexico. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, in particular, has seen a significant increase in Los Zetas' presence within their prison systems, and <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> also has a large population of convicted ex-military members with ties to the cartel in their prison systems.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> While these two nations have the most influence from the cartel, Los Zetas are beginning to occupy more nations in the west and recruit members through prison systems. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In the 2011 short Keep Your Enemies Closer, the head of Los Zetas is a dangerous drug lord named Jimmy "The King" Agilar (played by <a href="/wiki/Manny_P%C3%A9rez" title="Manny Pérez">Manny Pérez</a>).</li> <li>In the 2010 film <a href="/wiki/Predators_(film)" title="Predators (film)">Predators</a>, one of the main characters, Cuchillo (played by <a href="/wiki/Danny_Trejo" title="Danny Trejo">Danny Trejo</a>) is a ruthless and infamous enforcer for the Los Zetas.</li> <li>Los Zetas are the main focus of the <a href="/wiki/Gangland_(TV_series)" title="Gangland (TV series)">Gangland</a> season 3 episode To Torture or to Kill (3x11). In this episode, in addition to showing the brutal crimes committed by Los Zetas, the episode is focused on a notorious member of the cartel: Rosalio "Bart" Reta (a notorious <a href="/wiki/Hitman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitman">sicario</a> from Los Zetas known for becoming a Los Zetas sicario in his teens).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>/<a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> television series <a href="/wiki/El_Chapo_(TV_series)" title="El Chapo (TV series)">El Chapo</a> depicts "Los Emes" as a semi-fictionalized version of Los Zetas that maintains an alliance with the Gulf Cartel and eventually wages a bloody gun battle with the Sinaloa Cartel for control of <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Laredo" title="Nuevo Laredo">Nuevo Laredo</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criminal_group_summary">Criminal group summary</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Criminal group summary">edit</a>]</div> Los Zetas pose a great humanitarian risk to the regional communities and to those in which its activities extend, including several countries in Central America and across the largest cities in the United States. Since the group has committed torture, executions, and mass murder, it is seemingly identified as a terrorist organization. Despite this, Los Zetas is characterized as an organized criminal group because it has an expansive membership, has existed over a period of time, and commits serious crimes for the purpose of financial gain.   Los Zetas' original 31 members were soldiers in Mexico's most elite special forces unit, the Grupos Aeromóviles de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE). Since the group's inception as a drug trafficking organization, it has recruited soldiers from the Mexican military that train cartel members and lead operations. The cartel's success is attributed to their military professionalism and extreme use of violence.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a>     At the height of the Los Zetas operation, it was the largest cartel in terms of territorial control. It was able to gain and maintain its territory across Mexico because of the organization's hierarchical structure—this reflects organized crime's theoretical perspective of the bureaucracy model. Los Zetas divides its roles and responsibilities along strategic, operational, and tactical lines which allow them to effectively combat rival cartels and engage in illicit activities.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Although Los Zetas does not have control over Mexico's political institutions, it has breached Mexico's law enforcement institutions. The cartel has corrupted hundreds of local and state security officials by offering them bribes and threatening them with death. As a result, Los Zetas has been able to freely engage in illicit activities without being impeded by police in those areas.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> In the last decade, however, Mexico has received money from the United States to better resource their military. Since then, the government has made great steps to destabilize and fragment the Los Zetas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mexico" title="Portal:Mexico">Mexico portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drug trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida_Initiative" title="Mérida Initiative">Mérida Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Drug War">Mexican Drug War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco_tank" title="Narco tank">Narco tank</a>, improvised fighting vehicles used by Los Zetas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gangs_in_Mexico" title="List of gangs in Mexico">List of gangs in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexico%27s_37_most-wanted_drug_lords" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mexico's 37 most-wanted drug lords">List of Mexico's 37 most-wanted drug lords</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Zetas&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mexican_drug_war_(2006–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_Drug_War" title="Template:Mexican Drug War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mexican_Drug_War" title="Template talk:Mexican Drug War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mexican_Drug_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mexican Drug War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mexican_drug_war_(2006–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war (2006–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Names in italics represent dead or arrested individuals.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;"><div id="Timeline"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mexican_drug_war" title="Timeline of the Mexican drug war">Timeline</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Federal_forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Armed_Forces" title="Mexican Armed Forces">Federal forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Air_Force" title="Mexican Air Force">Mexican Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Navy" title="Mexican Navy">Mexican Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerpo_de_Fuerzas_Especiales" title="Cuerpo de Fuerzas Especiales">Fuerzas Especiales (special forces)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Federal_Ministerial" class="mw-redirect" title="Policía Federal Ministerial">Policía Federal Ministerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEIDO" title="SEIDO">SEIDO (organized crime investigation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)" title="Federal Police (Mexico)">Federal Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Mexico)" title="National Guard (Mexico)">National Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Beltrán-Leyva_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beltr%C3%A1n-Leyva_Organization" title="Beltrán-Leyva Organization">Beltrán-Leyva Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="disbanded_2010">disbanded 2010</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Armed wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Mazatlecos" title="Los Mazatlecos">Los Mazatlecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Cartel" title="South Pacific Cartel">South Pacific Cartel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Arturo Beltrán Leyva">Arturo Beltrán Leyva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Alfredo Beltrán Leyva">Alfredo Beltrán Leyva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Carlos Beltrán Leyva">Carlos Beltrán Leyva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Valdez_Villarreal" title="Edgar Valdez Villarreal">Edgar Valdez Villarreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Villarreal_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Sergio Villarreal Barragán">Sergio Villarreal Barragán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Héctor Beltrán Leyva">Héctor Beltrán Leyva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Beltr%C3%A1n_Leyva" title="Héctor Beltrán Leyva">Héctor Beltrán Leyva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Isidro_Meza_Flores" title="Fausto Isidro Meza Flores">Fausto Isidro Meza Flores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="La_Familia_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana" title="La Familia Michoacana">La Familia Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founders" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazario_Moreno_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Nazario Moreno González">Nazario Moreno González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Rosales_Mendoza" title="Carlos Rosales Mendoza">Carlos Rosales Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Rueda_Medina" title="Arnoldo Rueda Medina">Arnoldo Rueda Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Loya_Plancarte" title="Dionisio Loya Plancarte">Dionisio Loya Plancarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Cede%C3%B1o_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Rafael Cedeño Hernández">Rafael Cedeño Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Espinoza_Barr%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Espinoza Barrón">Alberto Espinoza Barrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Plancarte_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Enrique Plancarte Solís">Enrique Plancarte Solís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Jes%C3%BAs_M%C3%A9ndez_Vargas" title="José de Jesús Méndez Vargas">José de Jesús Méndez Vargas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servando_G%C3%B3mez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Servando Gómez Martínez">Servando Gómez Martínez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Gulf_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Metros" title="Los Metros">Los Metros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Rojos" title="Los Rojos">Los Rojos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Nepomuceno_Guerra" title="Juan Nepomuceno Guerra">Juan Nepomuceno Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Garc%C3%ADa_Abrego" title="Juan García Abrego">Juan García Abrego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Malherbe_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Óscar Malherbe de León">Óscar Malherbe de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiel_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Osiel Cárdenas Guillén">Osiel Cárdenas Guillén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Antonio Cárdenas Guillén">Antonio Cárdenas Guillén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Eduardo_Costilla_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez">Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Ram%C3%ADrez_Trevi%C3%B1o" title="Mario Ramírez Treviño">Mario Ramírez Treviño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homero_C%C3%A1rdenas_Guill%C3%A9n" title="Homero Cárdenas Guillén">Homero Cárdenas Guillén</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Juárez_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez_Cartel" title="Juárez Cartel">Juárez Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Armed wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_(gang)" title="La Línea (gang)">La Línea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Aguilar_Guajardo" title="Rafael Aguilar Guajardo">Rafael Aguilar Guajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Acosta_Villarreal" title="Pablo Acosta Villarreal">Pablo Acosta Villarreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amado_Carrillo_Fuentes" title="Amado Carrillo Fuentes">Amado Carrillo Fuentes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Carrillo_Fuentes" title="Vicente Carrillo Fuentes">Vicente Carrillo Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Ledezma" title="Juan Pablo Ledezma">Juan Pablo Ledezma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Knights_Templar_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_Cartel" title="Knights Templar Cartel">Knights Templar Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Armed wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Resistencia_(gang)" title="La Resistencia (gang)">La Resistencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Plancarte_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Enrique Plancarte Solís">Enrique Plancarte Solís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servando_G%C3%B3mez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Servando Gómez Martínez">Servando Gómez Martínez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Plancarte_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Enrique Plancarte Solís">Enrique Plancarte Solís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servando_G%C3%B3mez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Servando Gómez Martínez">Servando Gómez Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazario_Moreno_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Nazario Moreno González">Nazario Moreno González</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sinaloa_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Armed wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gente_Nueva" title="Gente Nueva">Gente Nueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" title="Jalisco New Generation Cartel">Jalisco New Generation Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_%C3%81ntrax" title="Los Ántrax">Los Ántrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistas_Asesinos" title="Artistas Asesinos">Artistas Asesinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Luis_Palma_Salazar" title="Héctor Luis Palma Salazar">Héctor Luis Palma Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_G%C3%B3mez_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Adrián Gómez González">Adrián Gómez González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán">Joaquín Guzmán Loera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Zambada_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismael Zambada García">Ismael Zambada García</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán">Joaquín Guzmán Loera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Zambada_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismael Zambada García">Ismael Zambada García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Esparragoza_Moreno" title="Juan José Esparragoza Moreno">Juan José Esparragoza Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Coronel_Villarreal" title="Ignacio Coronel Villarreal">Ignacio Coronel Villarreal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tijuana_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Cartel" title="Tijuana Cartel">Tijuana Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Ramón Arellano Félix">Ramón Arellano Félix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Benjamín Arellano Félix">Benjamín Arellano Félix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rafael_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Francisco Rafael Arellano Félix">Francisco Rafael Arellano Félix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Carlos Arellano Félix">Carlos Arellano Félix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Eduardo Arellano Félix">Eduardo Arellano Félix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Francisco Javier Arellano Félix">Francisco Javier Arellano Félix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enedina_Arellano_F%C3%A9lix" title="Enedina Arellano Félix">Enedina Arellano Félix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Fernando_S%C3%A1nchez_Arellano" title="Luis Fernando Sánchez Arellano">Luis Fernando Sánchez Arellano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Leyva_Escand%C3%B3n" title="Edgardo Leyva Escandón">Edgardo Leyva Escandón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Los_Zetas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Los Zetas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Guzm%C3%A1n_Decena" title="Arturo Guzmán Decena">Arturo Guzmán Decena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Jaime González Durán">Jaime González Durán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Enrique_Rej%C3%B3n_Aguilar" title="Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar">Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriberto_Lazcano_Lazcano" title="Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano">Heriberto Lazcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galindo_Mellado_Cruz" title="Galindo Mellado Cruz">Galindo Mellado Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heriberto_Lazcano_Lazcano" title="Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano">Heriberto Lazcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Trevi%C3%B1o_Morales" title="Miguel Treviño Morales">Miguel Treviño Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Trevi%C3%B1o_Morales" title="Omar Treviño Morales">Omar Treviño Morales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" title="Jalisco New Generation Cartel">Jalisco New Generation Cartel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemesio_Oseguera_Cervantes" title="Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes">Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rick_Valencia_Salazar" title="Érick Valencia Salazar">Érick Valencia Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigael_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Abigael González Valencia">Abigael González Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Arzola_Ortega" title="Martín Arzola Ortega">Martín Arzola Ortega</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemesio_Oseguera_Cervantes" title="Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes">Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Mendoza_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Jorge Luis Mendoza Cárdenas">Jorge Luis Mendoza Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rick_Valencia_Salazar" title="Érick Valencia Salazar">Érick Valencia Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Arzola_Ortega" title="Martín Arzola Ortega">Martín Arzola Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Oseguera_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Rubén Oseguera González">Rubén Oseguera González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigael_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Abigael González Valencia">Abigael González Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Oseguera_Cervantes" title="Antonio Oseguera Cervantes">Antonio Oseguera Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Elvis González Valencia">Elvis González Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Alberto_Castillo_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez">Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Gerardo González Valencia">Gerardo González Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="José González Valencia">José González Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalinda_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Rosalinda González Valencia">Rosalinda González Valencia</a></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cartels_and_drug_lordsCorrupt_officials" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Other cartels and drug lords</li><li>Corrupt officials</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cartels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Cartel_of_Acapulco" title="Independent Cartel of Acapulco">Independent Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborca_Cartel" title="Caborca Cartel">Caborca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colima_Cartel" title="Colima Cartel">Colima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara_Cartel" title="Guadalajara Cartel">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Negros" title="Los Negros">Los Negros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Rojos_Cartel" title="Los Rojos Cartel">Los Rojos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Viagras" title="Los Viagras">Los Viagras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milenio_Cartel" title="Milenio Cartel">Milenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1rtel_del_Noreste" title="Cártel del Noreste">Noreste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Plaza_Cartel" title="Nueva Plaza Cartel">Nueva Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_Cartel" title="Oaxaca Cartel">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_de_Lima_Cartel" title="Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel">Santa Rosa de Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora_Cartel" title="Sonora Cartel">Sonora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early drug lords</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_F%C3%A9lix_Gallardo" title="Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo">Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Caro_Quintero" title="Rafael Caro Quintero">Rafael Caro Quintero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Fonseca_Carrillo" title="Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo">Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Luis_Palma_Salazar" title="Héctor Luis Palma Salazar">Héctor Luis Palma Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Amezcua_Contreras" title="Jesús Amezcua Contreras">Jesús Amezcua Contreras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Avil%C3%A9s_P%C3%A9rez" title="Pedro Avilés Pérez">Pedro Avilés Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Nepomuceno_Guerra" title="Juan Nepomuceno Guerra">Juan Nepomuceno Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%81brego" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan García Ábrego">Juan García Ábrego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corrupt officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Nazar_Haro" title="Miguel Nazar Haro">Miguel Nazar Haro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Rebollo" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo">José de Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Durazo_Moreno" title="Arturo Durazo Moreno">Arturo Durazo Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%A9_Ram%C3%ADrez_Mandujano" title="Noé Ramírez Mandujano">Noé Ramírez Mandujano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Salinas_de_Gortari" title="Raúl Salinas de Gortari">Raúl Salinas de Gortari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar_Godoy_Toscano" title="Julio César Godoy Toscano">Julio César Godoy Toscano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Yarrington" title="Tomás Yarrington">Tomás Yarrington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ProjectsOperations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Projects</li><li>Operations</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana#Project_Coronado" title="La Familia Michoacana">Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana#Project_Delirium" title="La Familia Michoacana">Delirium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gunrunner" title="Project Gunrunner">Gunrunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Shadowfire" title="Project Shadowfire">Shadowfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Southern_Tempest" title="Project Southern Tempest">Southern Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Wildfire" title="Project Wildfire">Wildfire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Baja_California" title="Operation Baja California">Baja California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bishop" title="Operation Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Swan" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Black Swan">Black Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Storm" title="Operation Blue Storm">Blue Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chihuahua" title="Operation Chihuahua">Chihuahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Community_Shield_(2005-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Community Shield (2005-present)">Community Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Coyote" title="Operation Coyote">Coyote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Diablo_Express" title="Operation Diablo Express">Diablo Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Escorpi%C3%B3n" title="Operación Escorpión">Escorpión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF_gunwalking_scandal#2009–2011:_Operation_Fast_and_Furious" title="ATF gunwalking scandal">Fast and Furious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jump_Start" title="Operation Jump Start">Jump Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kruz_Control" title="Operation Kruz Control">Kruz Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Lince_Norte" title="Operación Lince Norte">Lince Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Operation Michoacán">Michoacán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Operation_Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n-Tamaulipas" title="Joint Operation Nuevo León-Tamaulipas">Nuevo León-Tamaulipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phalanx_(2010-2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phalanx (2010-2016)">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Quintana_Roo" title="Operation Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinaloa" title="Operation Sinaloa">Sinaloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solare" title="Operation Solare">Solare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Terminus" title="Operation Terminus">Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF_gunwalking_scandal#2006–2008:_Operation_Wide_Receiver_and_other_probes" title="ATF gunwalking scandal">Wide Receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Xcellerator" title="Operation Xcellerator">Xcellerator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="MassacresDeaths" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Massacres</li><li>Deaths</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Mexico" title="List of massacres in Mexico">Massacres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez_rehab_center_attack" title="Ciudad Juárez rehab center attack">Juárez rehab center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villas_de_Salv%C3%A1rcar_massacre" title="Villas de Salvárcar massacre">Villas de Salvárcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Chihuahua_shootings" title="2010 Chihuahua shootings">Chihuauha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n_mass_graves" title="Nuevo León mass graves">Nuevo León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrero_mass_graves" title="Guerrero mass graves">Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2010 San Fernando massacre">2010 San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_San_Fernando_massacre" title="2011 San Fernando massacre">2011 San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Durango_massacres" title="2011 Durango massacres">2011 Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuila_mass_graves" title="Coahuila mass graves">Coahuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Monterrey_casino_attack" title="2011 Monterrey casino attack">2011 Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamira_prison_brawl" title="Altamira prison brawl">Altamira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apodaca_prison_riot" title="Apodaca prison riot">Apodaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nuevo_Laredo_massacres" title="2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres">2012 Nuevo Laredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadereyta_Jim%C3%A9nez_massacre" title="Cadereyta Jiménez massacre">Cadereyta Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Iguala_mass_kidnapping" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Iguala mass kidnapping">2014 Iguala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_del_Oeste_ambush" title="2015 San Sebastián del Oeste ambush">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topo_Chico_prison_riot" title="Topo Chico prison riot">Topo Chico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_nightclub_shooting" title="Salamanca nightclub shooting">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minatitl%C3%A1n_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Minatitlán shooting">Minatitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruapan_massacre" title="Uruapan massacre">Uruapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatzacoalcos_nightclub_fire" title="Coatzacoalcos nightclub fire">Coatzacoalcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeBar%C3%B3n_and_Langford_families_massacre" title="LeBarón and Langford families massacre">LeBarón & Langford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cieneguillas_prison_riots" title="Cieneguillas prison riots">Cieneguillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irapuato_massacres" title="Irapuato massacres">Irapuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camargo_massacre" title="Camargo massacre">Camargo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coatepec_Harinas_attack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coatepec Harinas attack (page does not exist)">Coatepec Harinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Tinajas_massacre" title="Las Tinajas massacre">Las Tinajas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaya_massacre" title="Celaya massacre">Celaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez_prison_attack" title="2023 Ciudad Juárez prison attack">Juárez prison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_in_the_Mexican_drug_war" title="List of politicians killed in the Mexican drug war">Politicians killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_and_media_workers_killed_in_Mexico" title="List of journalists and media workers killed in Mexico">Journalists and media workers killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiki_Camarena" title="Kiki Camarena">Enrique Camarena (DEA agent)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Torre_Cant%C3%BA" title="Rodolfo Torre Cantú">Rodolfo Torre Cantú (physician / politician)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dgar_Eusebio_Mill%C3%A1n_G%C3%B3mez" title="Édgar Eusebio Millán Gómez">Édgar Eusebio Millán Gómez (police commander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Zapata" title="Jaime Zapata">Jaime Jorge Zapata (US agent)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="BooksOther_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Books</li><li>Other topics</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel:_The_Coming_Invasion_of_Mexico%27s_Drug_Wars" title="Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars">Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Narco:_Inside_Mexico%27s_Criminal_Insurgency" title="El Narco: Inside Mexico's Criminal Insurgency">El Narco: Inside Mexico's Criminal Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fight_to_Save_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="The Fight to Save Juárez">The Fight to Save Juárez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_CIA_drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of CIA drug trafficking">Allegations of CIA drug trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog_del_Narco" title="Blog del Narco">Blog del Narco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez_house_of_death" title="Juárez house of death">Juárez house of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexico%27s_37_most-wanted_drug_lords" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mexico's 37 most-wanted drug lords">Most-wanted Mexican drug lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_on_Falcon_Lake" title="Piracy on Falcon Lake">Piracy on Falcon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco-submarine" title="Narco-submarine">Narco-submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco_tank" title="Narco tank">Narco tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhunt_of_Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n_(2001%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhunt of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán (2001–2014)">Manhunt of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán (2001–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Amado_checkpoint_protest" title="2015 Amado checkpoint protest">2015 Amado checkpoint protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Chimney_Canyon_shootout" title="2018 Chimney Canyon shootout">2018 Chimney Canyon shootout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organized_crime_groups_in_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organized_crime_groups_in_the_Americas" title="Template:Organized crime groups in the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organized_crime_groups_in_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Organized crime groups in the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organized_crime_groups_in_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organized crime groups in the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organized_crime_groups_in_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">Organized crime</a> groups in the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Argentina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazum" title="Ashkenazum">Ashkenazum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puccio_family" title="Puccio family">Puccio family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwi_Migdal" title="Zwi Migdal">Zwi Migdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bolivia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapare_Cartel" title="Chapare Cartel">Chapare Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Corporaci%C3%B3n" title="La Corporación">La Corporación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Cartel" title="Santa Cruz Cartel">Santa Cruz Cartel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_organized_crime_groups_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of organized crime groups in Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amigos_dos_Amigos" title="Amigos dos Amigos">Amigos dos Amigos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_police_militias" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian police militias">Brazilian police militias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carecas_do_ABC" title="Carecas do ABC">Carecas do ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comando_Vermelho" title="Comando Vermelho">Comando Vermelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_do_Norte" title="Família do Norte">Família do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardi%C3%B5es_do_Estado" title="Guardiões do Estado">Guardiões do Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primeiro_Comando_da_Capital" title="Primeiro Comando da Capital">Primeiro Comando da Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terceiro_Comando" title="Terceiro Comando">Terceiro Comando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terceiro_Comando_Puro" title="Terceiro Comando Puro">Terceiro Comando Puro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwi_Migdal" title="Zwi Migdal">Zwi Migdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">See: <a href="/wiki/Template:Organized_crime_groups_in_Canada" title="Template:Organized crime groups in Canada">Organized crime groups in Canada</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No_Limit_Soldiers_(organized_crime_group)" title="No Limit Soldiers (organized crime group)">No Limit Soldiers</a> (Curaçao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Pound" title="Zoe Pound">Zoe Pound</a> (Haiti)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Forces_of_the_G9_Family_and_Allies" title="Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies">Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies</a> (Haiti)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_posse" title="Jamaican posse">Jamaican posse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shower_Posse" title="Shower Posse">Shower Posse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardie" title="Yardie">Yardies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colombia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Eagles" title="Black Eagles">Black Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloque_Meta" title="Bloque Meta">Bloque Meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cali_Cartel" title="Cali Cartel">Cali Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_del_Golfo" title="Clan del Golfo">Clan del Golfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertadores_del_Vichada" title="Libertadores del Vichada">Libertadores del Vichada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_Cartel" title="Medellín Cartel">Medellín Cartel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Extraditables" title="The Extraditables">The Extraditables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muerte_a_Secuestradores" title="Muerte a Secuestradores">Muerte a Secuestradores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Priscos" title="Los Priscos">Los Priscos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte_del_Valle_Cartel" title="Norte del Valle Cartel">Norte del Valle Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_Cartel" title="North Coast Cartel">North Coast Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oficina_de_Envigado" title="Oficina de Envigado">Oficina de Envigado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Rastrojos" title="Los Rastrojos">Los Rastrojos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FARC_dissidents" title="FARC dissidents">FARC dissidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Self-Defense_Forces_of_Colombia" title="United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia">United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">El Salvador</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texis_Cartel" title="Texis Cartel">Texis Cartel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Barredora" title="La Barredora">La Barredora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltr%C3%A1n-Leyva_Organization" title="Beltrán-Leyva Organization">Beltrán-Leyva Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Mazatlecos" title="Los Mazatlecos">Los Mazatlecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Negros" title="Los Negros">Los Negros</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colima_Cartel" title="Colima Cartel">Colima Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Familia_Michoacana" title="La Familia Michoacana">La Familia Michoacana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara_Cartel" title="Guadalajara Cartel">Guadalajara Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cartel" title="Gulf Cartel">Gulf Cartel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Metros" title="Los Metros">Los Metros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Pelones" title="Los Pelones">Los Pelones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Rojos" title="Los Rojos">Los Rojos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Cartel_of_Acapulco" title="Independent Cartel of Acapulco">Independent Cartel of Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalisco_New_Generation_Cartel" title="Jalisco New Generation Cartel">Jalisco New Generation Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez_Cartel" title="Juárez Cartel">Juárez Cartel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_(gang)" title="La Línea (gang)">La Línea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_Cartel" title="Knights Templar Cartel">Knights Templar Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milenio_Cartel" title="Milenio Cartel">Milenio Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_Cartel" title="Oaxaca Cartel">Oaxaca Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_de_Lima_Cartel" title="Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel">Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_%C3%81ntrax" title="Los Ántrax">Los Ántrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistas_Asesinos" title="Artistas Asesinos">Artistas Asesinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gente_Nueva" title="Gente Nueva">Gente Nueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Mexicles" title="Los Mexicles">Los Mexicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Resistencia_(gang)" title="La Resistencia (gang)">La Resistencia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora_Cartel" title="Sonora Cartel">Sonora Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Cartel" title="South Pacific Cartel">South Pacific Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Cartel" title="Tijuana Cartel">Tijuana Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Viagras" title="Los Viagras">Los Viagras</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Los Zetas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">See: <a href="/wiki/Template:Organized_crime_groups_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Organized crime groups in the United States">Organized crime groups in the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venezuela</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel_of_the_Suns" title="Cartel of the Suns">Cartel of the Suns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tren_de_Aragua" title="Tren de Aragua">Tren de Aragua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a 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