<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title aria-live="polite">Home - Research Guides at Temple University</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/apps/common/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <meta property="og:title" content="Research Guides"> <meta property="og:description" content="Research Guides "><meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://guides.temple.edu/"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@springshare"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/css/jquery-ui.min.css?2691" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/css3.15.3/lg-public.min.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/js/1.12.4_jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.13.2/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script> jQuery.ui || document.write('<script src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/js/jquery-ui.min.js?2691">\x3C/script>'); 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springSpace.publicObj = new springSpace.public.Public({ constant: { PROCESSING: {}, CONTENT: {} }, system_name: system.name, customer: {"name":"Temple University"} }) </script> <script> springSpace.Session.CONST.ACTION_AUTH_SET_LG_SESSION_COOKIE = 750; callGetLGSessionStatus = function () { springSpace.Session.auth_reload_script = window.location.href; springSpace.Session.getLGSessionStatus({ url: "https://temple.libapps.com/libapps/login_process/session", data: { app_id: 1, domain: "guides.temple.edu", site_id: 17, auth_reload: 0 } }) } jQuery( function () { callGetLGSessionStatus(); } ); </script>  <script> var springStats = springStats || {}; springStats.saConfig = springStats.saConfig || { site_id: 17, tracking_parameters: {"_st_site_id":17}, tracking_server_host: "libguides-proc.springyaws.com" }; </script> <script src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/js/sa.min.js?3116"></script> <script> springSpace.Common = springSpace.Common || { }; springSpace.Common.constant = { PROCESSING: { ACTION_DISPLAY_POLL: 159 } }; 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"" : "?" + qs_params.join("&") ); } }; jQuery(function() { // Initialize pushState handling. springSpace.homepage.initPushState(); // Clear out the search term from previous search/back button. jQuery("#s-lg-guide-search").val(""); // Load guide list. springSpace.publicObj.loadHomepageList({ action: springSpace.homepage.current_list, group_id: "0", order: springSpace.homepage.mapQSIdToGuideSortId(springSpace.homepage.default_list_order), num_cols: 2, elt_id: "s-lg-index-list", button_id: springSpace.homepage.current_btn_id, type_label: "Subjects", display_sort: ( springSpace.homepage.current_btn_id === "s-lg-index-all-btn"), nav: "init" }); // Select default dropdown option. jQuery("#s-lg-guide-order > option[value=" + springSpace.homepage.mapQSIdToGuideSortId(springSpace.homepage.default_list_order) + "]").prop("selected",true); // Load guide type counts. springSpace.publicObj.loadGuideCounts({ action: 176, site_id: 17, group_id: 0 }); // Load group guides counts. springSpace.publicObj.loadGuideCounts({ action: 177, site_id: 17 }); // Load owner group counts. springSpace.publicObj.loadGuideCounts({ action: 178, site_id: 17, group_id: 0 } ); }); jQuery(function() { jQuery(document).ready(function () { springSpace.springTrack.trackPage({_st_type_id: '11'}); }); }); </script> </head><head> <script type="text/javascript" src="//s3.amazonaws.com/libapps/sites/17/include/libguides_streamline.js"></script></head> <body class="s-lib-public-body">  <div class="logo-container"> <div class="container"> <a href="https://library.temple.edu" class="header-name" id="header-logo"> <img src="https://libproxy.temple.edu/public/temple-logo-t-box.png" class="header-logo" alt=""> <span>University Libraries</span> </a> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="s-lib-public-header" class="s-lib-header container s-lib-side-borders"> <div id="s-lib-bc"> <ol id="s-lib-bc-list" class="breadcrumb"><li id="s-lib-bc-customer" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="http://library.temple.edu">Libraries</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-site" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://guides.temple.edu/">Research Guides</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-page" class="active breadcrumb-item">Home</li></ol> </div> <h1 id="s-lib-public-header-title">Research Guides </h1> </div>   <div id="s-lib-public-nav" class="container s-lib-side-borders"> </div>    <div id="s-lib-public-main" class="s-lib-main container s-lib-side-borders"> <div id="s-lg-index-cols" class="row"> <div id="col2" class="col-md-4 center"> <div class="margin-bottom-xlg"><div class="s-lib-public-side-header"><h2 class="pad-bottom-sm">Additional Help</h2></div><div class="txt pad-top-sm"> <div id="s-lg-content-12492234" class=" clearfix"> <style type="text/css">.button { width: 100%; padding: 0% 5% 4% 5%; margin:0 0 2% 0; border: 1px solid #607d8b; border-radius: 6px; background:#f5f5f5;} .button:hover { background: #fdfdfd; color: #222222 } .button h2 { font-size: 1.3em; font-weight:bold; } </style>  <div class="button"> <h2>Sources for Courses</h2> <p><a href="http://guides.temple.edu/home/courses">Find a research guide for your course</a></p> </div> <div class="button"> <h2>Guides by Library</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://guides.temple.edu/hsl">Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="https://guides.temple.edu/tuj">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="http://guides.temple.edu/law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="http://guides.temple.edu">All Guides</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="button"> <h2>More Ways to Get Help</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://library.temple.edu/libraries/charles-library">Visit Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://library.temple.edu/contact-us">Chat with Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://charlesstudy.temple.edu/appointments">Schedule an Appointment</a></li> <li><a href="https://answers.library.temple.edu/">Search FAQs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div id="col1" class="col-md-8 center"> <div class="clearfix"> <div id="s-lg-hp-nav"> <ul> <li> <ul class="nav nav-pills"> <li id="s-lg-index-subject-btn" class="s-lg-index-nav-btn"> <button type="button" role="button" class="btn" onclick="springSpace.publicObj.loadHomepageList({ action: 172, group_id: 0, num_cols: 2, type_label: 'Subjects', elt_id: 's-lg-index-list', button_id: 's-lg-index-subject-btn', });">BY SUBJECT</button> </li> <li id="s-lg-index-all-btn" class="s-lg-index-nav-btn active"> <button type="button" role="button" aria-pressed="true" class="btn" onclick="springSpace.publicObj.loadHomepageList({ action: 170, group_id: 0, order: jQuery('#s-lg-guide-order').val(), num_cols: 2, elt_id: 's-lg-index-list', button_id: 's-lg-index-all-btn', display_sort: true });" >ALL GUIDES</button> </li> <div class="clearfix"> <form role="search" class="form-inline pull-right" action="/srch.php"><span>Search:</span> <div class="form-group"> <div class="s-lg-public-search-field"> <label class="control-label sr-only" for="s-lg-guide-search">Enter Search Words</label> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" id="s-lg-guide-search" name="q" class="form-control" maxlength="260" placeholder="Enter Search Words" aria-label="Enter Search Words"/> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Search</button> </span> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-list-controls"> <div class="pull-left"> <h2 id="s-lg-index-list-header" class="muted"></h2> </div> <div class="pull-right muted"> <div class="form-inline" id="form-group-s-lg-guide-order"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="s-lg-guide-order">Display</label> <select id="s-lg-guide-order" name="s-lg-guide-order" class="form-control"> <option value="0">Alphabetically</option> <option value="3">By Popularity</option> <option value="2">Most Recent</option> </select> </div> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" onclick="springSpace.publicObj.loadHomepageList({ action: 170, group_id: 0, order: jQuery('#s-lg-guide-order').val(), num_cols: 2, elt_id: 's-lg-index-list', button_id: 's-lg-index-all-btn', display_sort: true, type_label: springSpace.homepage.current_type_label });">Go</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-index-list" class=""> Loading... </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="s-lib-footer-public" class="s-lib-footer footer container s-lib-side-borders"> <div> <div id="s-lib-footer-brand"> Powered by <a href="http://www.springshare.com">Springshare</a>. </div> <div id="s-lib-footer-rights"> All rights reserved. </div> <div id="s-lib-footer-login-link"> <a href="https://temple.libapps.com/libapps/login.php?site_id=17 ">Admin Login</a>. </div> </div> <div id="s-lib-footer-print-link"> View this page in a format suitable for <a href="#">printers and screen-readers</a>. </div> <div id="s-lib-footer-support-link"> </div> </div>  <div id="s-lib-alert" title=""> <div id="s-lib-alert-content"></div> </div> <div id="s-lib-popover-title" class="hide"> <span class="text-info"><strong>title</strong></span> <button type="button" id="popclose" class="close" onclick="jQuery('.s-lib-popover').popover('hide')">×</button> </div> <div id="s-lib-popover-content" class="hide"><i class="fa fa-refresh fa-spin"></i> Loading... <button class="btn btn-default btn-sm popclose" type="button">Close</button> </div> <div id="s-lib-scroll-top" title="Back to Top"> <span class="fa-stack fa-lg"> <i class="fa fa-square-o fa-stack-2x"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-double-up fa-stack-1x" style="position:relative; 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