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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Defunct newspaper from the Dutch East Indies</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinar_Soematra_938307.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sinar_Soematra_938307.jpg/220px-Sinar_Soematra_938307.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sinar_Soematra_938307.jpg/330px-Sinar_Soematra_938307.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sinar_Soematra_938307.jpg/440px-Sinar_Soematra_938307.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Front page of Sinar Sumatra from a 1927 issue</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Sinar Sumatra</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> for "Ray of light of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>") was a Malay-language newspaper published in <a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> from 1905 to around 1941 or 1942. It is generally considered a <a href="/wiki/Peranakans" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranakans">Peranakan Chinese</a> publication, although it had European publishers and <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> editors as well. During the pre-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> period it was one of the most widely-read Malay language newspapers in Sumatra. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinar_Sumatra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Sinar Sumatra</i> was launched in <a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a>, Dutch East Indies (now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>) in 1905; after a few test issues in September, the first official issue came out on 4 October 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_article_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_article-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adam_129-30-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of the first modern Malay-language newspapers in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, aiming to become a popular forum for discussion and education as well as news.<sup id="cite_ref-Seabad_pers_entry_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seabad_pers_entry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its publisher <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">De Volharding Press</i></span> was a local company owned by two Europeans, M. A. van Tijn and Y. Rongge.<sup id="cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adam_129-30-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was eight pages long and contained a mix of <a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">wire</a> news, local news, and Chinese and Malay stories. It was operated by <a href="/wiki/Peranakans" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranakans">Peranakans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesians" title="Chinese Indonesians">Chinese Indonesians</a>); one of its founding editors was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liem_Soen_Hin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liem Soen Hin (page does not exist)">Liem Soen Hin</a>, a journalist from <a href="/wiki/Padangsidempuan" title="Padangsidempuan">Padangsidempuan</a> who had previously edited <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Bintang Sumatra</i></span> and <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Tjahaja Sumatra</i></span> as well as some <a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a> newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adam_129-30-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper grew popular among both Chinese and native Indonesian readers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adam_129-30-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1908 Rogge decided to return to Java and sold his shares to a group of local Chinese investors who co-owned and operated it with van Tijn from then on.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_article_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_article-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adam_129-30-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A touring British observer in 1909 described the paper as "in opposition to the government" which may indicate that it followed the path of <i><a href="/wiki/Medan_Prijaji" title="Medan Prijaji">Medan Prijaji</a></i> and other Malay papers of the time which embodied a European-style critical press for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Lim_Soen_Hin_from_1929_Sinar_Sumatra_Jubelium_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Portrait_of_Lim_Soen_Hin_from_1929_Sinar_Sumatra_Jubelium_issue.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Lim_Soen_Hin_from_1929_Sinar_Sumatra_Jubelium_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Portrait_of_Lim_Soen_Hin_from_1929_Sinar_Sumatra_Jubelium_issue.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Lim_Soen_Hin_from_1929_Sinar_Sumatra_Jubelium_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Portrait_of_Lim_Soen_Hin_from_1929_Sinar_Sumatra_Jubelium_issue.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Lim_Soen_Hin_from_1929_Sinar_Sumatra_Jubelium_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>Lim Soen Hin</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <i>Sinar Sumatra</i> went through several new editors-in-chief. Liem Soen Hin, who had unsuccessfully tried to step down as editor in 1912,<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> finally left in June 1914 and was followed by a series of people who only held the role for a year or two: Tan Soei Bing, a former <i><a href="/wiki/Sin_Po_(newspaper)" title="Sin Po (newspaper)">Sin Po</a></i> editor in 1914,<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oeij Siauw Tjong in 1915,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Phoa_Tjoen_Hoay" title="Phoa Tjoen Hoay">Phoa Tjoen Hoay</a>, a former <i><a href="/wiki/Warna_Warta" title="Warna Warta">Warna Warta</a></i> editor in 1915,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then Tjia Soen Jong,<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then Phoa's brother <a href="/wiki/Phoa_Tjoen_Hoat" title="Phoa Tjoen Hoat">Phoa Tjoen Hoat</a> in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-Salmon_1981_291_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salmon_1981_291-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of other editors also worked at the paper during this period, including H. Soetan Ibraham, who may have been its first <a href="/wiki/Native_Indonesians" title="Native Indonesians">native Indonesian</a> editor in 1915, The Giok Lan Nio, its first female editor in 1917, and various others including Lee Goan Ho, and Kwee Kheng Liong.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_4_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the period from 1918 to 1921 <a href="/wiki/Liem_Koen_Hian" title="Liem Koen Hian">Liem Koen Hian</a> became the new editor-in-chief.<sup id="cite_ref-Suryadinata_2015_151_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suryadinata_2015_151-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yamamoto_84_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamamoto_84-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liem was highly critical of the colonial government and was a Chinese nationalist vocally opposed to the proposed <a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Dutch Nationality Law</a> for Indies Chinese; in the pages of the paper he often argued for the continuation of the status quo which had people like him as overseas citizens of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yamamoto_247-9_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamamoto_247-9-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper continued to grow in popularity and became one of the top Indies Chinese Malay newspapers, although in terms of circulation it could never compete with papers in Java such as <i>Sin Po</i>, <a href="/wiki/Djawa_Tengah" title="Djawa Tengah">Djawa Tengah</a> or <i>Pewarta Soereabaja</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Suryadinata_2022_153_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suryadinata_2022_153-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Publishers_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_from_1929_Jubelium_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Publishers_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_from_1929_Jubelium_issue.jpg/220px-Publishers_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_from_1929_Jubelium_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Publishers_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_from_1929_Jubelium_issue.jpg/330px-Publishers_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_from_1929_Jubelium_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Publishers_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_from_1929_Jubelium_issue.jpg/440px-Publishers_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_from_1929_Jubelium_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption>The publishers of Sinar Sumatra newspaper, Lie Djoe Soean, M. A. van Tijn, and Tiauw Kie Lie</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 1922 Jap Gim Sek and Lie Soey Ho joined the editorial board.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_5_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The offices of the printing company <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">de Volharding</i></span> burned down in the great fire of August 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fire, which had begun by someone trying to destroy a wasp's nest, went out of control due to the high winds and ended up destroying more than 400 shops and houses in the Chinese district, where the print shop was located.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their printing equipment and archives were essentially destroyed and the publishing was interrupted; with the support of the printers of fellow paper <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumatra_Bode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumatra Bode (page does not exist)">Sumatra Bode</a></i>, they resumed publication and eventually had new printing equipment shipped from <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_2_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the new equipment was a more modern electric printing press, the company rebranded itself as the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Electrische Drukkerij en Papierhandel "de Volharding"</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_2_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925 Jap Gim Sek was promoted to editor-in-chief, a role he held until 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The paper faced a major blow in August 1928 when the entire editorial team resigned en masse, including Jap Gim Sek.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_5_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems to have been the result of a dispute between them and the owners over their repeated <a href="/wiki/Persdelict" class="mw-redirect" title="Persdelict">Persdelict</a> (press offence) court cases.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper tried hiring several new editors, including Phoa Tjoen Hoay, Lie Soei Ho and A. Labab, all of whom only stayed a few months in their posts.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_5_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Jap was allowed to return as editor-in-chief with a new crew of assistant editors in April 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_5_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_5-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Editors_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_1929_from_Jubelium_issue.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Editors_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_1929_from_Jubelium_issue.png/220px-Editors_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_1929_from_Jubelium_issue.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Editors_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_1929_from_Jubelium_issue.png/330px-Editors_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_1929_from_Jubelium_issue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Editors_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_1929_from_Jubelium_issue.png/440px-Editors_of_Sinar_Sumatra_newspaper_1929_from_Jubelium_issue.png 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption>The editors of Sinar Sumatra newspaper in 1929: Marah Soeleiman gelar Soetan Moeliaa, Jap Gim Sek, Oei Goan Po</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 1929 the paper celebrated 25 years of being in print with a special <a href="/wiki/Jubilee" title="Jubilee">Jubilee</a> issue, a ceremony with the mayor of Padang, and a reproduction of the first issue from 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-jubelium_article_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jubelium_article-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its final decade the paper also turned increasingly towards native Indonesian (especially <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a>) editors. In 1937 Boerhanoeddin became the new editor-in-chief, and then in 1939 M. Arief Loebis was appointed to the role.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last editor-in-chief seems to have been Datuk Sinaro.<sup id="cite_ref-Martamin_92_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martamin_92-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The end of the newspaper is not well documented. It continued to publish until around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies</a> in January 1942, when the majority of the independent press in the Indies was forcibly shut down, and did not resume publication after <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Indonesian independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Martamin_92_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martamin_92-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinar_Sumatra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jubelium_1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB21:040770000:00001"><i>Jubileum Sinar-Sumatra 1905-1929</i></a> (in Malay). Padang: De Volharding. 1929. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jubileum+Sinar-Sumatra+1905-1929&rft.place=Padang&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=De+Volharding&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3DMMKB21%3A040770000%3A00001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jubelium_article-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_article_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_article_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_article_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011108733:mpeg21:p006">"Een zilveren jubileum in de Inlandsche journalistiek"</a>. <i>Soerabaijasch handelsblad</i> (in Dutch). Surabaya. 4 January 1930. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soerabaijasch+handelsblad&rft.atitle=Een+zilveren+jubileum+in+de+Inlandsche+journalistiek.&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1930-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Dddd%3A011108733%3Ampeg21%3Ap006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adam_129-30-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adam_129-30_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdam1995" class="citation book cs1">Adam, Ahmat (1995). <i>The vernacular press and the emergence of modern Indonesian consciousness (1855-1913)</i>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University. pp. <span class="nowrap">129–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501719035" title="Special:BookSources/9781501719035"><bdi>9781501719035</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+vernacular+press+and+the+emergence+of+modern+Indonesian+consciousness+%281855-1913%29&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=Southeast+Asia+Program%2C+Cornell+University&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781501719035&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=Ahmat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seabad_pers_entry-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seabad_pers_entry_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaditya2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Raditya, Iswara N. (2007). Hartanto, Agung Dwi (ed.). <i>Seabad pers kebangsaan, 1907-2007</i> (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta: I:Boekoe. pp. <span class="nowrap">466–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789791436021" title="Special:BookSources/9789791436021"><bdi>9789791436021</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seabad+pers+kebangsaan%2C+1907-2007&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E466-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=I%3ABoekoe&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789791436021&rft.aulast=Raditya&rft.aufirst=Iswara+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jubelium_3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB21:040770000:00001"><i>Jubileum Sinar-Sumatra 1905-1929</i></a> (in Malay). Padang: De Volharding. 1929. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jubileum+Sinar-Sumatra+1905-1929&rft.place=Padang&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=De+Volharding&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3DMMKB21%3A040770000%3A00001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDarwis2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Darwis, Yuliandre (2013). <i>Sejarah perkembangan pers Minangkabau, 1859-1945</i> (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia. pp. <span class="nowrap">115–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789792299403" title="Special:BookSources/9789792299403"><bdi>9789792299403</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sejarah+perkembangan+pers+Minangkabau%2C+1859-1945&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=Gramedia&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789792299403&rft.aulast=Darwis&rft.aufirst=Yuliandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBreakspearWright1909" class="citation book cs1">Breakspear, Oliver T.; Wright, Arnold, eds. (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/20thc-impressions-netherlands-india/page/263/mode/2up?q=%22Sinar+Soematra%22"><i>Twentieth Century Impressions of Netherlands India. Its History, People, Commerce, Industries and Resources</i></a>. London: Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Ltd. p. 264.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth+Century+Impressions+of+Netherlands+India.+Its+History%2C+People%2C+Commerce%2C+Industries+and+Resources&rft.place=London&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Lloyd%27s+Greater+Britain+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F20thc-impressions-netherlands-india%2Fpage%2F263%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D%2522Sinar%2BSoematra%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jubelium_4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_4_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_4_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_4_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB21:040770000:00001"><i>Jubileum Sinar-Sumatra 1905-1929</i></a> (in Malay). Padang: De Volharding. 1929. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jubileum+Sinar-Sumatra+1905-1929&rft.place=Padang&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=De+Volharding&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3DMMKB21%3A040770000%3A00001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19140706-01.1.2">"Journalistiek"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 7 June 1914. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=Journalistiek.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1914-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19140706-01.1.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19150226-01.1.2">"Journalistiek"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 26 February 1916. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=Journalistiek.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1916-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19150226-01.1.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19151009-01.1.6">"Journalistiek"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 9 October 1915. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=Journalistiek.&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1915-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19151009-01.1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salmon_1981_291-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salmon_1981_291_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalmon1981" class="citation book cs1">Salmon, Claudine (1981). <i>Literature in Malay by the Chinese of Indonesia : a provisional annotated bibliography</i>. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780835705929" title="Special:BookSources/9780835705929"><bdi>9780835705929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literature+in+Malay+by+the+Chinese+of+Indonesia+%3A+a+provisional+annotated+bibliography&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=Editions+de+la+Maison+des+sciences+de+l%27homme&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780835705929&rft.aulast=Salmon&rft.aufirst=Claudine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/tjjt19180204-01.1.2">"Journalistiek"</a>. <i>Tjahaja Timoer</i> (in Malay). Malang. 4 February 1918. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tjahaja+Timoer&rft.atitle=Journalistiek.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1918-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Ftjjt19180204-01.1.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19150810-01.1.1">"Journalistiek"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 10 August 1915. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=Journalistiek.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1915-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19150810-01.1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19170828-01.1.6">"JOURNALISTIEK"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 28 August 1917. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=JOURNALISTIEK.&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1917-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19170828-01.1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19171015-01.1.2">"Satoe redactrice Tionghoa"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 15 October 1917. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=Satoe+redactrice+Tionghoa.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1917-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19171015-01.1.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suryadinata_2015_151-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suryadinata_2015_151_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuryadinata2015" class="citation book cs1">Suryadinata, Leo (2015). <i>Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches</i> (4th ed.). Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4620-51-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4620-51-2"><bdi>978-981-4620-51-2</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/42012">book 42012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prominent+Indonesian+Chinese%3A+Biographical+Sketches&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=151&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=ISEAS%E2%80%93Yusof+Ishak+Institute&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-981-4620-51-2&rft.aulast=Suryadinata&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yamamoto_84-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yamamoto_84_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYamamoto2019" class="citation book cs1">Yamamoto, Nobuto (2019). <i>Censorship in colonial Indonesia, 1901-1942</i>. Leiden. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004412408" title="Special:BookSources/9789004412408"><bdi>9789004412408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Censorship+in+colonial+Indonesia%2C+1901-1942&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=84&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789004412408&rft.aulast=Yamamoto&rft.aufirst=Nobuto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSetyautama2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Setyautama, Sam (2008). <i>Tokoh-Tokoh Etnis Tionghoa Di Indonesia</i> (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786024246617" title="Special:BookSources/9786024246617"><bdi>9786024246617</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tokoh-Tokoh+Etnis+Tionghoa+Di+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Gramedia&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9786024246617&rft.aulast=Setyautama&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Wartawan Yang Berpolitik". <i>Aktivis Cina di awal republik</i> (in Indonesian) (Cetakan pertama ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia. 2020. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786024813291" title="Special:BookSources/9786024813291"><bdi>9786024813291</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wartawan+Yang+Berpolitik&rft.btitle=Aktivis+Cina+di+awal+republik.&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.edition=Cetakan+pertama&rft.pub=Gramedia&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9786024813291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yamamoto_247-9-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yamamoto_247-9_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYamamoto2019" class="citation book cs1">Yamamoto, Nobuto (2019). <i>Censorship in colonial Indonesia, 1901-1942</i>. Leiden. pp. <span class="nowrap">247–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004412408" title="Special:BookSources/9789004412408"><bdi>9789004412408</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Censorship+in+colonial+Indonesia%2C+1901-1942&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789004412408&rft.aulast=Yamamoto&rft.aufirst=Nobuto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuryadinata2012" class="citation book cs1">Suryadinata, Leo (2012). <i>Southeast Asian personalities of Chinese descent : a biographical dictionary, volume II: glossary and index</i>. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 577. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814345217" title="Special:BookSources/9789814345217"><bdi>9789814345217</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asian+personalities+of+Chinese+descent+%3A+a+biographical+dictionary%2C+volume+II%3A+glossary+and+index&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=577&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789814345217&rft.aulast=Suryadinata&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuryadinata1977" class="citation journal cs1">Suryadinata, Leo (1977). "The search for national identity of an Indonesian Chinese : a political biography of Liem Koen Hian". <i>Archipel</i>. <b>14</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">43–</span>70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Farch.1977.1357">10.3406/arch.1977.1357</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archipel&rft.atitle=The+search+for+national+identity+of+an+Indonesian+Chinese+%3A+a+political+biography+of+Liem+Koen+Hian&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Farch.1977.1357&rft.aulast=Suryadinata&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suryadinata_2022_153-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Suryadinata_2022_153_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSuryadinata2022" class="citation book cs1">Suryadinata, Leo (2022). <i>Peranakan Chinese Identities in the Globalizing Malay Archipelago</i>. Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4951-70-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4951-70-8"><bdi>978-981-4951-70-8</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/101449">book 101449</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peranakan+Chinese+Identities+in+the+Globalizing+Malay+Archipelago&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=ISEAS%E2%80%93Yusof+Ishak+Institute&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-981-4951-70-8&rft.aulast=Suryadinata&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jubelium_5-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_5_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_5_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_5_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jubelium_5_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB21:040770000:00001"><i>Jubileum Sinar-Sumatra 1905-1929</i></a> (in Malay). 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Padang: De Volharding. 1929. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jubileum+Sinar-Sumatra+1905-1929&rft.place=Padang&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=De+Volharding&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3DMMKB21%3A040770000%3A00001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011023364:mpeg21:p010">"De groote brand te Padang"</a>. <i>De Sumatra post</i> (in Dutch). Medan. 8 August 1923. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+Sumatra+post&rft.atitle=De+groote+brand+te+Padang.&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1923-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Dddd%3A011023364%3Ampeg21%3Ap010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010219661:mpeg21:p002">"Een nieuwe geweldige brand te Padang"</a>. <i>Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië</i> (in Dutch). 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Surabaya. 24 August 1928. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+Indische+courant&rft.atitle=Journalistiek+conflict.&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1928-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Dddd%3A010278659%3Ampeg21%3Ap005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19290404-01.1.5">"Journalistiek Melajoe-Tionghoa"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 4 April 1929. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=Journalistiek+Melajoe-Tionghoa.&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1929-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19290404-01.1.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19290205-01.1.6">"Journalistiek"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 5 February 1929. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=Journalistiek.&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1929-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19290205-01.1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB19:002131074:mpeg21:p00006">"Journalistiek"</a>. <i>Sumatra-bode.</i> (in Dutch). Padang. 2 April 1929. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sumatra-bode.&rft.atitle=Journalistiek.&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1929-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3DMMKB19%3A002131074%3Ampeg21%3Ap00006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/sea/newspapers/djwa19370724-01.1.6">"JOURNALISTENKRING SUMATRA BARAT"</a>. <i>Djawa Tengah</i> (in Malay). Semarang. 24 July 1937. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Djawa+Tengah&rft.atitle=JOURNALISTENKRING+SUMATRA+BARAT.&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1937-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpa.eastview.com%2Fcrl%2Fsea%2Fnewspapers%2Fdjwa19370724-01.1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martamin_92-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Martamin_92_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martamin_92_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartamin1978" class="citation book cs1">Martamin, Mardjani (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/24640/"><i>Sejarah daerah Sumatera Barat</i></a>. Jakarta: Proyek Penerbitan Buku Bacaan dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. p. 92.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sejarah+daerah+Sumatera+Barat.&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Proyek+Penerbitan+Buku+Bacaan+dan+Sastra+Indonesia+dan+Daerah%2C+Departemen+Pendidikan+dan+Kebudayaan&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Martamin&rft.aufirst=Mardjani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositori.kemdikbud.go.id%2F24640%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011176525:mpeg21:p003">"TE POELAU SIGATA AAN LAND GEGAAN"</a>. <i>De Sumatra post</i> (in Dutch). Medan. 28 January 1942. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+Sumatra+post&rft.atitle=TE+POELAU+SIGATA+AAN+LAND+GEGAAN.&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1942-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresolver.kb.nl%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Dddd%3A011176525%3Ampeg21%3Ap003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinar+Sumatra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinar_Sumatra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://khastara.perpusnas.go.id/landing/search?q=Sinar+Sumatra&f=title&fq=-1&layout=grid&__g0cwswk0o0kk0g88o0s44c8gsgwo4ss4s840ko40=7cde391cb196b0cbd898fa936af11d5f">Digitized issues of Sinar Sumatra</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Indonesia" title="National Library of Indonesia">National Library of Indonesia</a> digital collection</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=MMKB21:040770000">Jubileum Sinar-Sumatra 1905-1929</a>, a digital copy of the 25th anniversary issue hosted by <a href="/wiki/Delpher" title="Delpher">Delpher</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FKP_xTS-ss"><span class="plainlinks">Establishment by Y.Rogge</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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