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href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A2/info/objectives/">Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A2/wgs/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A2/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A2/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A2/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A2/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A3/">Commission A3 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A3/info/">Commission A3 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A3/info/objectives/">Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A3/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A3/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A3/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A3/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A4/">Commission A4 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A4/info/">Commission A4 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A4/info/objectives/">Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A4/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A4/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A4/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/A4/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/">Commission B1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/info/">Commission B1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/info/scientificobjectives/">Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/info/contactus/">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/info/faqs/">FAQs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/info/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B1/info/usefulresources/">Resources</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a 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href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B7/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B7/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/B7/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C1/">Commission C1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C1/info/">Commission C1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C1/info/objectives/">Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C1/info/wgs/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C1/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C1/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C2/">Commission C2 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C2/info/">Commission C2 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C2/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C2/info/wgs/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C2/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C2/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C2/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C2/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C3/">Commission C3 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C3/info/">Commission C3 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C3/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C3/info/wgs/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C3/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C3/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C3/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C3/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C4/">Commission C4 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C4/info/">Commission C4 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C4/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C4/info/wgs/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C4/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C4/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C4/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/C4/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/D1/">Commission D1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/D1/info/">Commission D1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/D1/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/D1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/D1/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/D1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/D1/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E1/">Commission E1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E1/info/objectives/">Commission E1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E1/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E1/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E1/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E2/">Commission E2 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E2/info/">Commission E2 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E2/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E2/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E2/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E2/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E2/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E3/">Commission E3 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E3/info/">Commission E3 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E3/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E3/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E3/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E3/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E3/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E4/">Commission E4 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E4/info/">Commission E4 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E4/info/objectives/">Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E4/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E4/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E4/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E4/info/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/E4/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F1/">Commission F1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F1/info/">Commission F1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F1/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F1/info/wgs/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F1/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F1/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/">Commission F2 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/info/">Commission F2 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/info/wgs/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F3/">Commission F3 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F3/info/">Commission F3 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F3/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F3/info/wgs/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F3/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F3/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F3/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F3/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F4/">Commission F4 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F4/info/">Commission F4 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F4/info/objectives/">Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F4/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F4/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F4/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F4/info/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F4/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G1/">Commission G1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G1/info/">Commission G1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G1/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G1/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G1/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G2/">Commission G2 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G2/info/">Commission G2 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G2/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G2/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G2/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G2/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G2/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G3/">Commission G3 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G3/info/">Commission G3 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G3/info/objectives/">Scientific Objectives</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G3/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G3/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G3/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G3/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G4/">Commission G4 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G4/info/">Commission G4 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G4/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G4/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G4/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G4/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G4/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G5/">Commission G5 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G5/info/">Commission G5 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G5/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G5/info/wgs/">Working groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G5/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G5/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G5/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/G5/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H1/">Commission H1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H1/info/">Commission H1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H1/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H1/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H1/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H2/">Commission H2 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H2/info/">Commission H2 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H2/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H2/info/wgs/">Working groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H2/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H2/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H2/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H2/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H3/">Commission H3 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H3/info/">Commission H3 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H3/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H3/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H3/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H3/info/catalogues/">Catalogues</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H3/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H3/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H4/">Commission H4 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H4/info/">Commission H4 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H4/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H4/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H4/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H4/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H4/info/documents/">Documents</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/H4/info/links/">Links</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J1/">Commission J1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J1/info/">Commission J1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J1/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J1/info/wgs/">Working groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J1/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J1/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J2/">Commission J2 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J2/info/">Commission J2 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J2/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J2/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J2/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J2/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J2/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J3/">Commission J3 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J3/info/">Commission J3 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J3/info/objectives/">Objectives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J3/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J3/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J3/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J3/info/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/J3/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a class="selected" href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/">Commission X1 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/info/">Commission X1 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X2/">Commission X2 Structure</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X2/info/">Commission X2 Homepage</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X2/info/objectives/">Scientific Objetives</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X2/members/">Members</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X2/info/news/">News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X2/info/meetings/">Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X2/info/documents/">Documents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/past_commissions/">Past Commission Organising Committees</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/">Working Groups</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/centres/">Centres</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://cps.iau.org/">CPS</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/centres/MPC/">MPC</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/">Scientific Meetings</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/rules/">Rules & Guidelines</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/general_assemblies/">General Assemblies</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/general_assemblies/hosting/">Hosting General Assemblies</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/">Meeting Proposals</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/loi/">GA Symposia Letters of Intent</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/loi/">Focus Meeting Letters of Intent</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/loi/">Non-GA Symposia Letters of Intent</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/lop/">GA Symposia Proposal Submissions</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/lop/">Non-GA Symposia Proposal Submissions</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/lop/">Focus Meeting Proposal Submissions</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/confirmation/">Meeting Confirmation Form</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/">Future IAU Meetings</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/general_assemblies/">General Assemblies</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/ec_meetings/">EC Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/officers_meetings/">Officers' Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/regional/">Regional Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/symposia/">Symposia</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/focus-meetings/">Focus Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/iau-institutional-meetings/">Institutional Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/iau-offices-meetings/">IAU Offices Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/future/iau-sponsored-meetings/">IAU-Sponsored Meetings</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/administration/events/future/?search="Communicating+Astronomy+with+the+Public"">CAP Conferences</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/loi/2024/">Letters of Intent submitted for 2024</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/loi/2023/">Letters of Intent submitted for 2023</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/loi/2022/">Letters of Intent submitted for 2022</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/loi/2021/">Letters of Intent submitted for 2021</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/proposals/loi/2020/">Letters of Intent submitted for 2020</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/">Past IAU Meetings</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/general_assemblies/">General Assemblies</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/ec_meetings/">EC Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/regional/">Regional Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/symposia/">Symposia</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/joint_discussions/">Joint Discussions (GA)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/special_sessions/">Special Sessions (GA)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/focus-meetings/">Focus Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/meeting_report/">Post Meeting Reports</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/administration/events/past/?search="Communicating+Astronomy+with+the+Public"">CAP Conferences</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/?search=Officers">Officers' Meetings</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/past/symposia/?search=IAUC">Colloquia</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/templates/">Templates</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/http://www1.cadc-ccda.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/meetings/">Other Meetings</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/iau_grants/">Grants & Prizes</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/iau_grants/">IAU Grants</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/meetings/rules/#23">Grants to IAU Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/iau_grants/ga_events/ga_application_form/">Grants for the IAU XXXI GA</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/iau_grants/symposia_regional/">Grants for IAU Symposia and Regional Meetings</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/">IAU & The Gruber Foundation</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/">TGF Fellowships</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/procedure/">Application Procedure</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/">Recipients</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2022/">Fellows 2022</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2021/">Fellows 2021</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2020/">Fellows 2020</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2019/">Fellows 2019</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2018/">Fellows 2018</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2017/">Fellow 2017</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2016-2/">Fellow 2016-2</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2016-1/">Fellow 2016 -1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2015/">Fellow 2015</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2014/">Fellow 2014</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2013/">Fellow 2013</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2012/">Fellow 2012</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2011/">Fellow 2011</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2010/">Fellow 2010</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2009/">Fellow 2009</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2008/">Fellow 2008</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/recipients/fellow2007/">Fellow 2007</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/fellowships/jury/">IAU TGF Fellowship Selection Committee</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/gruber_foundation/tgf_cosmology_prize/">TGF Cosmology Prize</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://gruber.yale.edu/gruber-prizes/cosmology/current-cosmology-selection-advisory-board-members">TGF Cosmology Prize Advisory Board</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/kavli_prize/">IAU, NASL and the KAVLI Prize</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/phd_prize/">PhD Prize</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/shaw_prize_foundation/">IAU & The Shaw Prize Foundation</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=2&twoid=75">Shaw Prize in Astronomy</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/shaw_prize_foundation/workshop/">Annual Shaw-IAU Workshop</a><ul><li><a href="#">Future Workshop</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/shaw_prize_foundation/workshop/past/">Past Workshop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/ode_prizes/">Astronomy Education, Outreach and Development</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/iau-visegrad/">IAU–International Visegrad Fund Mobility Awards</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a id="mitem_524" href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/">Publications</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/">IAU Publications</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/administration/about/strategic_plan/">IAU Strategic Plan</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/symposia/">Symposia</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/wgsbn-bulletins/">WGSBN Bulletins</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/regional_meetings/">Regional Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/information_bulletins/">Information Bulletins/Catalyst</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/">E-Newsletters</a><ul><li><a href="#">2022</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/108/">2022 nº1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/109/">2022 nº2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/110/">2022 nº3</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/111/">2022 nº4</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/112/">2022 nº5</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/113/">2022 nº6</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2021</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/102/">2021 n°1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/103/">2021 n°2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/104/">2021 n°3</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/105/">2021 nº 4</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/106/">2021 nº 5</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/107/">2021 nº 6</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2020</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/92/">2020 n°1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/93/">2020 n°2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/94/">2020 n°3</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/95/">2020 n°4</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/96/">2020 n°5</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/97/">2020 n°6</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/98/">2020 n°7</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/99/">2020 n°8</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/100/">2020 n°9</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/101/">2020 n°10</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2019</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/80/">2019 n°1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/81/">2019 n°2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/82/">2019 n°3</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/83/">2019 n°4</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/84/">2019 n°5</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/85/">2019 n°6</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/86/">2019 n°7</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/87/">2019 n°8</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/88/">2019 n°9</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/89/">2019 n°10</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/90/">2019 n°11</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/91/">2019 n°12</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2018</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/66/">2018 n°1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/67/">2018 n°2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/68/">2018 n°3</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/69/">2018 n°4</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/70/">2018 n°5</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/71/">2018 n°6</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/72/">2018 n°7</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/73/">2018 n°8</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/74/">2018 n°9</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/75/">2018 n°10</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/76/">2018 n°11</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/77/">2018 n°12</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/78/">2018 n°13</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/79/">2018 n°14</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2017</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/60/">2017 n°1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/61/">2017 n°2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/62/">2017 n°3</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/63/">2017 n°4</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/64/">2017 n°5</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/65/">2017 n°6</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2016</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/57/">2016 n°1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/58/">2016 n°2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/59/">2016 n°3</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2015</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/http://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/38/">2015 nº1</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/http://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/41/">2015 nº2</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/http://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/44/">2015 nº3</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/http://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/45/">2015 nº4</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/http://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/46/">2015 nº5</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2014</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/29/">2014 nº1</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2013</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/25/">2013 nº1</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/26/">2013 nº2</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/27/">2013 nº3</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/28/">2013 nº4</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2012</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/24/">2012 nº1</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2011</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/e-newsletters/html/22/">2011 nº1</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#">2010</a></li><li><a href="#">2009</a></li><li><a href="#">2008</a></li><li><a href="#">2007</a></li><li><a href="#">2006</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/focus_meetings/">Focus Meetings</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_a/">Transactions A </a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/">Transactions B </a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/related_publications/">Related Publications</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/ga_newspapers/">GA Newspapers</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/books/">IAU Books</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/brochures/">Brochures</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/offices/">IAU Offices</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/wg_reports/">WG Reports</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/commission_reports/">Commission Reports</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/division_reports/">Division Reports</a></li><li><a href="#">Past IAU Publications</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/colloquia/">Colloquia</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/highlights/">Highlights</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/technical_meetings/">Technical Meetings</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/proceedings_rules/">Rules, Guidelines and Instructions for Proceedings</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/proceedings_rules/abbreviations/">Abbreviations in References to Serial Publications</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/proceedings_rules/units/">International System (SI) of Units</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/publications/publishers/">Publishers</a></li></ul></li><li><a id="mitem_637" href="#">Administration</a><ul><li><a 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<div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/">Science</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/">Scientific Bodies</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/">Commissions</a></li><li><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/">Commission X1 Structure</a></li> » <a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/">Cross-Division D-J Commission Supermassive Black Holes, Feedback and Galaxy Evolution</a> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20220929073900js_/https://www.iau.org/static/djp/js/base.db8c6d5c8eee.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20220929073900cs_/https://www.iau.org/static/djp/jquery-ui-1.12.1/jquery-ui.css"> <script> $(document).ready(function() { console.log('DATEPICKER'); $('.datepicker').datepicker({ dateFormat: 'yy-mm-dd' }); }); </script> <div id="twocolumns" class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <div id="main-page-grey" class="padded-10"> <h1>X1 – Cross-Division D-J Commission Supermassive Black Holes, Feedback and Galaxy Evolution</h1> <h3>Description</h3> <p><p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The IAU Commission X1is a Cross-Division D-J that has as main goal to promote the development of research on Supermassive Black Holes, AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) and star formation feedback and their role in galaxy evolution.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">With this commission we </span><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">aim at fostering interaction between theorists and observers from across the electromagnetic spectrum in order to investigate the interplay among the growth of SMBHs and galaxies, including the effects of the environment.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">We intend to bridge the studies on feedback from the "galaxy evolution community", that focus mostly in the role of star formation, and the `"AGN community", which concentrate on feedback from the environs of the nuclear SMBH, in order to advance our understanding of galaxy evolution.</span></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073900/http://www.if.ufrgs.br/~thaisa/iau-commission-x1-homepage/"><strong><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">External Page</span></strong></a></p></p> <hr/> <h3><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/info/">Commission Web Page</a></h3> <hr/> <h3><a href="members/">Commission Members (428)</a></h3> <hr/> <h3>Under Division</h3> <p> <a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/divisions/D/">Division D High Energy Phenomena and Fundamental Physics</a><br/> <a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/divisions/J/">Division J Galaxies and Cosmology</a><br/> </p> <hr> <div class="panel-group" id="accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="headingOne"> <h3 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapsePresident" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapsePresident" class="collapsed"> President</a> </h3> </div> <div id="collapsePresident" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="headingOne" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="profile_box"><div class="profile_photo"><img src="/web/20220929073900im_/https://www.iau.org/static/profile_photos/christine_jones.jpg"/></div><h3><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/12809/">Christine Jones</a></h3><p>Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics<br/>High Energy Astrophysics Division<br/>MS 2<br/>60 Garden Str<br/>Cambridge MA 02138-1516<br/>Massachusetts (MA)<br/>United States</p><form id="contactform" name="contactform" action="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="BU6a13NAb3YraEB4eEArWsrtSGjixFeaJW3UfMKDFE79YMDXriaoN3xbeF4KBlDZ"/><input type="hidden" id="grecaptcharesponse" name="grecaptcharesponse" value="default-value"></form><p>NCA adherence: United States</p><p><strong>Last updated:</strong><br/>January 26, 2022</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="headingOne"> <h3 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseVP_1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseVP" class="collapsed"> Vice-President</a> </h3> </div> <div id="collapseVP_1" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="headingOne" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="profile_box"><div class="profile_photo"><img src="/web/20220929073900im_/https://www.iau.org/static/profile_photos/woo_IAU.jpeg"/></div><h3><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/15741/">Jong-Hak WOO</a></h3><p>Seoul National University<br/>Astronomy Program, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy<br/>Kwanak-Ro 1 Kwanak-Gu<br/>Seoul 08826<br/>Korea, Rep of</p><form id="contactform" name="contactform" action="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="BU6a13NAb3YraEB4eEArWsrtSGjixFeaJW3UfMKDFE79YMDXriaoN3xbeF4KBlDZ"/><input type="hidden" id="grecaptcharesponse" name="grecaptcharesponse" value="default-value"></form><p>NCA adherence: Korea, Rep of</p><p><strong>Last updated:</strong><br/>February 23, 2021</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="headingOne"> <h3 class="panel-title"> <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseAd_1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseAd" class="collapsed"> Advisor</a> </h3> </div> <div id="collapseAd_1" class="panel-collapse collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="headingOne" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="profile_box"><div class="profile_photo"><img src="/web/20220929073900im_/https://www.iau.org/static/profile_photos/Thaisa-Storchi-Bergmann-Retrato.png"/></div><h3><a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/7203/">Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann</a></h3><p>UFRGS<br/>Inst de Física<br/>Campus do Vale<br/>CP 15051<br/>Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970<br/>Rio Grande do Sul (RS)<br/>Brazil</p><form id="contactform" name="contactform" action="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/X1/" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="BU6a13NAb3YraEB4eEArWsrtSGjixFeaJW3UfMKDFE79YMDXriaoN3xbeF4KBlDZ"/><input type="hidden" id="grecaptcharesponse" name="grecaptcharesponse" value="default-value"></form><p>NCA adherence: Brazil</p><p><strong>Last updated:</strong><br/>November 6, 2018</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h3>Organizing Committee</h3> <div class="bounded_box"> <p> <a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/12809/">Christine Jones (President)</a> <br/> <a href="/web/20220929073900/https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/15741/">Jong-Hak WOO (Vice-President)</a> <br/> <a 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