CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Muscovado - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3259aff0-3793-4234-8228-d557a8766143","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Muscovado","wgTitle":"Muscovado","wgCurRevisionId":1235649319,"wgRevisionId":1235649319,"wgArticleId":2039262,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All accuracy disputes","Accuracy disputes from June 2017","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use British English from November 2019","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from June 2017","Commons category link from Wikidata","Types of sugar","Molasses"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Muscovado","wgRelevantArticleId":2039262,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9280616","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brown_sugar_examples.JPG/1200px-Brown_sugar_examples.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="769"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brown_sugar_examples.JPG/800px-Brown_sugar_examples.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="513"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brown_sugar_examples.JPG/640px-Brown_sugar_examples.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="410"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Muscovado - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovado"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovado"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Muscovado rootpage-Muscovado skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Muscovado" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Muscovado" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Muscovado" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Muscovado" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Production methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producer_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producer_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Producer nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producer_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food_and_confectionery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_and_confectionery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Food and confectionery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_and_confectionery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcohol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcohol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Alcohol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcohol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayurveda_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayurveda_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ayurveda medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayurveda_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muscovado</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88" title="مسكوفادو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسكوفادو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre_mascavat" title="Sucre mascavat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sucre mascavat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovadosukker" title="Muscovadosukker – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muscovadosukker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%BAcar_mascabado" title="Azúcar mascabado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azúcar mascabado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskovado" title="Muskovado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muskovado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre_muscovado" title="Sucre muscovado – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sucre muscovado" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucchero_muscovado" title="Zucchero muscovado – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zucchero muscovado" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovado" title="Muscovado – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Muscovado" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovado" title="Muscovado – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muscovado" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E7%A0%82%E7%B3%96" title="黒砂糖 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黒砂糖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovado" title="Muscovado – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muscovado" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar_mascavo" title="Açúcar mascavo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Açúcar mascavo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovadosocker" title="Muscovadosocker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muscovadosocker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskabado" title="Maskabado – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Maskabado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9280616#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muscovado" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Muscovado" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muscovado"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muscovado"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Muscovado" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Muscovado" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&oldid=1235649319" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Muscovado&id=1235649319&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuscovado"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuscovado"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Muscovado&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muscovado" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9280616" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of unrefined brown sugar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">brown sugar</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brown_sugar_examples.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brown_sugar_examples.JPG/220px-Brown_sugar_examples.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brown_sugar_examples.JPG/330px-Brown_sugar_examples.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brown_sugar_examples.JPG/440px-Brown_sugar_examples.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3479" data-file-height="2230" /></a><figcaption>Brown sugar types: muscovado (top), dark brown (left), light brown (right)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Muscovado</b> is a type of partially <a href="/wiki/Refined_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Refined sugar">refined</a> to unrefined <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> with a strong <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a> content and flavour, and dark brown in colour. It is technically considered either a <a href="/wiki/Non-centrifugal_cane_sugar" title="Non-centrifugal cane sugar">non-centrifugal cane sugar</a> or a centrifuged, partially refined sugar according to the process used by the manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-MWC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muscovado contains higher levels of various minerals than processed white sugar, and is considered by some to be healthier.<sup id="cite_ref-khand25_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand25-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-khand22_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand22-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-khand26_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand26-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its main uses are in food and <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a>, and the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a> and other forms of alcohol. The largest producer and consumer of muscovado is <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianSugar1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-khaand1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khaand1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English name "muscovado" is derived from a corruption of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">açúcar mascavado</i></span></i> (unrefined sugar).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a> names for this type of sugar are <i>khandsari</i> and <i>khand</i> (sometimes spelled <i>khaand</i>). </p><p>There is no legal definition of muscovado, and no international standards for it such as <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alimentarius" title="Codex Alimentarius">Codex Alimentarius</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Protected_Designation_of_Origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected Designation of Origin">Protected Designation of Origin</a></i>. This has led to manufacturers calling various sugar products "muscovado", and has led to confusion between muscovado, <a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">brown sugar</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">jaggery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_sugar" title="History of sugar">History of sugar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular trade</a></div> <p>The earliest known production of crystalline sugar began in <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">northern India</a>, after the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> by <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian</a> traders from <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a> at around 1000 BCE. However, the exact date of the first cane sugar production is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-danielsmenzies1996_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danielsmenzies1996-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest evidence of sugar production comes from ancient <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a> texts.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the 8th century, Muslim and <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> traders introduced sugar from <a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">medieval India</a> to the other parts of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>. By the 10th century, sources state that every village in Mesopotamia grew sugarcane.<sup id="cite_ref-Watson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern era">early modern era</a>, which saw the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Asia</a>, also led to a rapid increase in sugar production. Sugar <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> were established in numerous places colonized by European nations, such as islands in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labor for these plantations were typically provided by <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a> or <a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">kidnapped Pacific Islanders</a>, which saw the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">transatlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean slave trades</a> to supply enslaved laborers to cash crop plantations (including those producing sugar). Sugarcane was typically refined into raw sugar or distilled into <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a> on colonial plantations or sent elsewhere to be processed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raw sugar was brought to port in a variety of purities that could be sold either as raw sugar directly to market for producing alcohol, or as muscovado exported to sugar refineries in Europe and the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-exploit10_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exploit10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, raw sugars that had been refined enough to lose most of their molasses content were labeled as raw sugar and deemed higher quality, while poor quality sugars with a high molasses content were referred to as muscovado, though the term <i>brown sugar</i> was sometimes used interchangeably.<sup id="cite_ref-exploit10_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exploit10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_methods">Production methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Traditional <a href="/wiki/Non-centrifugal_cane_sugar" title="Non-centrifugal cane sugar">non-centrifugal sugar production</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaggery_preparation8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Prople standing behind a large metal dish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jaggery_preparation8.jpg/300px-Jaggery_preparation8.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jaggery_preparation8.jpg/450px-Jaggery_preparation8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Jaggery_preparation8.jpg/600px-Jaggery_preparation8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Boiling sugarcane juice to make <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaggery_preparation5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man tilting a large metal disk to put out the contents" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jaggery_preparation5.jpg/300px-Jaggery_preparation5.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jaggery_preparation5.jpg/450px-Jaggery_preparation5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jaggery_preparation5.jpg/600px-Jaggery_preparation5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Pouring molasses for granulation by <a href="/wiki/Shearing_(physics)" title="Shearing (physics)">shearing</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Muscovado is made from the juice of sugar cane that is evaporated until crystallisation occurs. The viscous suspension of crystals and mother liquor (molasses) is called massecuite. In the 19th century several techniques were used for sugar production.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1918_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1918-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MWC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-datupaglas1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-datupaglas1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muscovado is today produced by three main methods:<sup id="cite_ref-cdlib55_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdlib55-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The manual production method is to <a href="/wiki/Crystallise" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystallise">crystallise</a> (granulate) massecuite by cooling it in pans and continuously <a href="/wiki/Shearing_(physics)" title="Shearing (physics)">shearing</a> it by stirring with a large spatula (typically used in India) or by pressing it with the feet (typically used in Africa).</li> <li>The industrial <a href="/wiki/Centrifuge" title="Centrifuge">centrifuge</a> method invented in late 18th to early 19th century, in which massecuite is crystallised using a centrifuge to separate a crystal-rich mush that is drained of its molasses in a vessel under gravity.</li> <li>Modern industrial methods using a <a href="/wiki/Spray_drying" title="Spray drying">spray drier</a>.</li></ul> <p>Massecuite is also used in the production of <a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">jaggery</a>, in which it is set into moulds directly (without shearing, centrifuging, or spray drying).<sup id="cite_ref-cdlib55_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdlib55-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Producer_nations">Producer nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Producer nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Total global production is 10 million to 11 million tons annually by 20 nations. The largest producer is India (58%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> (14%), <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (9%), <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (6%), <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (4%), <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> (3%), and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (3%).<sup id="cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianSugar1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-khaand1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khaand1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In India, most <i>khand</i> (muscovado) is produced by 150 small to medium scale private manufacturers overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Khadi_and_Village_Industries_Commission" title="Khadi and Village Industries Commission">Khadi and Village Industries Commission</a>. These producers use traditional chemical-free organic manual shearing methods, each operating between 100 and 120 days per year, with a typical capacity of between 200 and 350 tons of sugarcane per day.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianSugar1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest producing <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">states</a> in India are <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> (58%), <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> (6%), <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> (5%), <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> (6%).<sup id="cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianSugar1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, muscovado is produced by centrifuging massecuite, from which the molasses is left to drain naturally.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, muscovado may be generated by any of the three methods.<sup id="cite_ref-MWC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-datupaglas1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-datupaglas1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cdlib55_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdlib55-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, muscovado was one of the islands’ prominent export commodities, especially from the <a href="/wiki/Negros" title="Negros">Negros</a> island region in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Visayas" title="Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a>, from the 19th century until the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-phil2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The production of muscovado in the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, and elsewhere had experienced a long period of decline when large mills took over sugar production from small farmers with small mills. In recent years an increased consumer interest in healthy and organic foods has revived interest in muscovado, creating a new market for small mills.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When produced under regulated conditions muscovado is nutritionally richer than sugars,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Blog in a student newspaper (June 2017)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and retains more of the natural minerals in sugar cane juice, as shown in the following nutritional analysis (per 100g):<sup id="cite_ref-khand29_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand29-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Total mineral salts 740mg max.</li> <li>Phosphorus (P) 3.9mg max.</li> <li>Calcium (Ca) 85mg max.</li> <li>Magnesium (Mg) 23mg max.</li> <li>Potassium (K) 100mg max.</li> <li>Iron (Fe) 1.3mg max.</li> <li>Calories 383 kCal<sup id="cite_ref-khand26_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand26-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_and_confectionery">Food and confectionery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Food and confectionery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masala_Tea_and_South_Indian_Filter_Coffee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Masala_Tea_and_South_Indian_Filter_Coffee.jpg/220px-Masala_Tea_and_South_Indian_Filter_Coffee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Masala_Tea_and_South_Indian_Filter_Coffee.jpg/330px-Masala_Tea_and_South_Indian_Filter_Coffee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Masala_Tea_and_South_Indian_Filter_Coffee.jpg/440px-Masala_Tea_and_South_Indian_Filter_Coffee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Masala_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Masala tea">Masala tea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_filter_coffee" title="Indian filter coffee">Indian filter coffee</a> are sweetened with <a href="/wiki/Jaggary" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggary">gur</a> <i>khand</i> (muscovado).</figcaption></figure> <p>Muscovado is used as an ingredient in food and confectionery,<sup id="cite_ref-khand4_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-khand23_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand23-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a sweetener in hot beverages. It is very dark brown and is slightly coarser and stickier than most brown sugars. Muscovado takes its flavor and color from its source, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">sugarcane juice</a>. It offers good resistance to high temperatures and has a reasonably long shelf life. </p><p>Muscovado sugar can be substituted for brown sugar in most recipes by slightly reducing the liquid content of the recipe. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Besan_laddu_photo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Besan_laddu_photo.JPG/220px-Besan_laddu_photo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Besan_laddu_photo.JPG/330px-Besan_laddu_photo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Besan_laddu_photo.JPG/440px-Besan_laddu_photo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gulab_jamun" title="Gulab jamun">Gulab jamun</a>, an Indian sweet prepared with <i>khand.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The use of <i>khand</i> in India in making sweets has been traced to at least 500 BC, when both raw and refined sugar were used.<sup id="cite_ref-khand4_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand4-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Jaggary" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggary">gur</a>, <i>khandsari</i> unrefined sugar is India's traditional sweetener,<sup id="cite_ref-khand23_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand23-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly used in traditional recipes for <a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">masala chai</a> (spiced Indian tea), eating with <a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a> by mixing with melted <a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">ghee</a>, traditional Indian sweets that require sugar such as <a href="/wiki/Kheer" title="Kheer">kheer</a> (Indian rice pudding), gur or khandr chawal (sweetened rice) or <a href="/wiki/Laddu" title="Laddu">laddu</a>. </p><p>Muscovado is often used to sweeten <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Ayurvedic_Pharmacy,_Rishikesh_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/An_Ayurvedic_Pharmacy%2C_Rishikesh_%281%29.jpg/220px-An_Ayurvedic_Pharmacy%2C_Rishikesh_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/An_Ayurvedic_Pharmacy%2C_Rishikesh_%281%29.jpg/330px-An_Ayurvedic_Pharmacy%2C_Rishikesh_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/An_Ayurvedic_Pharmacy%2C_Rishikesh_%281%29.jpg/440px-An_Ayurvedic_Pharmacy%2C_Rishikesh_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>An ayurvedic pharmacy in <a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a>, Uttarakhand. Khandsari is used in Indian <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayurveda medicine">ayurveda medicine</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcohol">Alcohol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alcohol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A significant proportion of India's production of Khandsari (muscovado) is used for the illicit production of <a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">desi daru</a>, a distilled alcoholic drink.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianSugar1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ayurveda_medicine">Ayurveda medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ayurveda medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khandsari (muscovado) is used in traditional <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayurveda medicine">Ayurveda medicine</a> to aid blood purification, digestion, bone health and the lungs.<sup id="cite_ref-khand27_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khand27-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">Brown sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">Jaggery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_candy" title="Rock candy">Rock candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Sugarcane_Research" title="Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research">Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Sugar_Mills_Association" title="Indian Sugar Mills Association">Indian Sugar Mills Association</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MWC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MWC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MWC_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417014505/http://muscovadosugar.webs.com/">"Muscovado Sugar"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muscovadosugar.webs.com/">the original</a> on 17 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muscovado+Sugar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuscovadosugar.webs.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a self-published source. (June 2017)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrince2011" class="citation news cs1">Prince, Rose (9 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/recipes/8877012/The-sweetest-flames-Brown-sugar-from-Mauritius.html">"The sweetest flames: Brown sugar from Mauritius"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+sweetest+flames%3A+Brown+sugar+from+Mauritius&rft.date=2011-11-09&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffoodanddrink%2Frecipes%2F8877012%2FThe-sweetest-flames-Brown-sugar-from-Mauritius.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khand25-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-khand25_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=59mcAAAAMAAJ"><i>Education World: The Human Development Magazine</i>. 2004. Volume 6, Issues 7-12, p.78</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khand22-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-khand22_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIk_AAAAYAAJ">Souvenir, Silver Jubilee Celebrations and 22nd Annual Convention, Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers, 29-31 Oct. 1985 Held at Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, pp.116</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khand26-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khand26_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khand26_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ayurtimes.com/jaggery-nutritional-value-nutrition-facts-analysis/">Jaggery Nutritional Value, Nutrition Facts & Analysis, Ayur Times, Dr. Jagdev Singh, 27 Nov 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndianSugar1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndianSugar1_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhardwaj2013" class="citation web cs1">Bhardwaj, Amit (25 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiansugar.com/uploads/WABCG-_25th_March_2013-_Amit_Bhardwaj-_ISMA.pdf">"The Gur and Khaandsri Industry & its practical impact on Indian Sugar Consumption level"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indian Sugar Mills Association</i>. New Delhi: World Association of Cane and Beet Growers Conference. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150620021740/http://www.indiansugar.com/uploads/WABCG-_25th_March_2013-_Amit_Bhardwaj-_ISMA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Sugar+Mills+Association&rft.atitle=The+Gur+and+Khaandsri+Industry+%26+its+practical+impact+on+Indian+Sugar+Consumption+level&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft.aulast=Bhardwaj&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiansugar.com%2Fuploads%2FWABCG-_25th_March_2013-_Amit_Bhardwaj-_ISMA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khaand1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khaand1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khaand1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhawan1967" class="citation journal cs1">Dhawan, B. D. (April 15, 1967). "The Traditional versus the Modern: Case of Indian Sugar Industry". <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i>. <b>2</b> (15): 723, 725–7. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4357817">4357817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Traditional+versus+the+Modern%3A+Case+of+Indian+Sugar+Industry&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=723%2C+725-7&rft.date=1967-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4357817%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dhawan&rft.aufirst=B.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-_muscovado" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=muscovado">"muscovado"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=muscovado&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dmuscovado&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/muscovado">"muscovado"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=muscovado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fmuscovado&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-danielsmenzies1996-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-danielsmenzies1996_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielsMenzies1996" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, Christian; Menzies, Nicholas K. (1996). Needham, Joseph (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DzqPvHlFkV4C&pg=PR8"><i>Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 3, Agro-Industries and Forestry</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 177–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521419994" title="Special:BookSources/9780521419994"><bdi>9780521419994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilisation+in+China%3A+Volume+6%2C+Biology+and+Biological+Technology%2C+Part+3%2C+Agro-Industries+and+Forestry&rft.pages=177-185&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780521419994&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Menzies%2C+Nicholas+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDzqPvHlFkV4C%26pg%3DPR8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <ul><li>George Watt (1893), <i>The Economic Products of India</i>, W. H. Allen & Co., Vol 6, Part II, pages 29–30;</li> <li>J.A. Hill (1902), <i>The Anglo-American Encyclopedia</i>, Volume 7, page 725;</li> <li>Thomas E. Furia (1973), <i>CRC Handbook of Food Additives</i>, Second Edition, Volume 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0849305429" title="Special:BookSources/978-0849305429">978-0849305429</a>, page 7 (Chapter 1, by Thomas D. Luckey);</li> <li>Mary Ellen Snodgrass (2004), <i>Encyclopedia of Kitchen History</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1579583804" title="Special:BookSources/978-1579583804">978-1579583804</a>, Routledge, pages 145–146</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Watson-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Watson_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, Andrew. <i>Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 26–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125125048/http://www.nmm.ac.uk/freedom/viewTheme.cfm/theme/triangular">"Triangular Trade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/freedom/viewTheme.cfm/theme/triangular">the original</a> on 25 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Maritime+Museum&rft.atitle=Triangular+Trade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmm.ac.uk%2Ffreedom%2FviewTheme.cfm%2Ftheme%2Ftriangular&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2009" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Elizabeth (2009) [2008]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sugarbittersweet0000abbo"><i>Sugar: A Bittersweet History</i></a></span>. London and New York: Duckworth Overlook. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7156-3878-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7156-3878-1"><bdi>978-0-7156-3878-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sugar%3A+A+Bittersweet+History&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Duckworth+Overlook&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7156-3878-1&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsugarbittersweet0000abbo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slavenorth.com/rhodeisland.htm">"Slavery in Rhode Island"</a>. <i>Slavery in the North</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slavery+in+the+North&rft.atitle=Slavery+in+Rhode+Island&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslavenorth.com%2Frhodeisland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exploit10-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exploit10_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exploit10_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Accum, Fredrick Christian, <i>Culinary Chemistry Exhibiting the Scientific Principles of Cookery</i> (1821), London, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orr, W. (1844), <i>The Magazine of Domestic Economy</i>, Vol. 5, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reed, W. (1866), <i>The History of Sugar and Sugar Producing Plants</i>, pp. 82–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1918-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1918_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martineau, G. (1918), "Sugar from several points of view", in <i>The Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science</i>, 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-datupaglas1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-datupaglas1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-datupaglas1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datupaglas.com/articles_health/muscovado-sugar.pdf">"Muscovado Sugar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Datupagles.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Datupagles.com&rft.atitle=Muscovado+Sugar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.datupaglas.com%2Farticles_health%2Fmuscovado-sugar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cdlib55-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cdlib55_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdlib55_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdlib55_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin,_W.1993" class="citation web cs1">Larkin, W. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft4580066d;brand=eschol">"Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society"</a>. pp. 55–58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sugar+and+the+Origins+of+Modern+Philippine+Society&rft.pages=55-58&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Larkin%2C+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft4580066d%3Bbrand%3Deschol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger Knight, G. (2013), <i>Commodities and Colonialism: The Story of Big Sugar in Indonesia, 1880–1942</i>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phil2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phil2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin" class="citation web cs1">Larkin, John A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=ft4580066d&chunk.id=d0e368&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e368&brand=eschol">"Sugar and the Origins of Modern Philippine Society"</a>. <i>Escholarship.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Escholarship.org&rft.atitle=Sugar+and+the+Origins+of+Modern+Philippine+Society&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=John+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Feditions%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft4580066d%26chunk.id%3Dd0e368%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3Dd0e368%26brand%3Deschol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013033717/http://www.agribusinessweek.com/muscovado-sugar-a-new-sunshine-industry/">"Muscovado Sugar : A New Sunshine Industry"</a>. <i>Agriculture Business Week</i>. 2008-07-24. Archived from the original on 2008-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agriculture+Business+Week&rft.atitle=Muscovado+Sugar+%3A+A+New+Sunshine+Industry&rft.date=2008-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agribusinessweek.com%2Fmuscovado-sugar-a-new-sunshine-industry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhu2014" class="citation web cs1">Zhu, Agnes (24 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycal.org/2014/10/24/refined-sugar-vs-unrefined-sugar/">"Refined sugar vs. unrefined sugar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Californian" title="The Daily Californian">The Daily Californian</a></i>. Berkeley, CA, USA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Californian&rft.atitle=Refined+sugar+vs.+unrefined+sugar&rft.date=2014-10-24&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycal.org%2F2014%2F10%2F24%2Frefined-sugar-vs-unrefined-sugar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khand29-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-khand29_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409082600/http://sugarindia.com/Muscovado.aspx">"Muscovado Sugar"</a>. <i>Sugarindia.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sugarindia.com/Muscovado.aspx">the original</a> on 9 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sugarindia.com&rft.atitle=Muscovado+Sugar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsugarindia.com%2FMuscovado.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuscovado" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khand4-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khand4_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khand4_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Krondl, <i>Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert</i>, Chicago Review Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1556529542" title="Special:BookSources/978-1556529542">978-1556529542</a>, pp. 34–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khand23-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-khand23_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-khand23_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/854/1/IJTK%206%281%29%20%282007%29%2095-102.pdf">"Jaggery – A Traditional Indian Sweetener", P. V. K. Rao, M. Das S. K. Das, <i>Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge</i>, 2004, vol. 2007 6(1), January 2007, p. 95</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-khand27-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-khand27_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iisr.nic.in/download/publications/PolicyPaper_Gangwar.pdf">"Policy Brief – Technological and Policy Options for Modernization of Jaggery Industry in India"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Agricultural_Research" title="Indian Council of Agricultural Research">Indian Council of Agricultural Research</a>, L. S. Gangwar, S. Solomon & S. I. Anwar, p .2</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muscovado" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Muscovado">Muscovado</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYgQWMnBhRg">Video: Centrifugal method of Khand production in India</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aB4U5Kd6JJ0">Video: Gur (Jaggary) and Khand (Muscovado) making in India using traditional method.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sugar_as_food_commodity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sugar" title="Template:Sugar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sugar" title="Template talk:Sugar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sugar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sugar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sugar_as_food_commodity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> as food commodity</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_sugars" title="List of sugars">List of sugars and sugar products</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monosaccharide" title="Monosaccharide">Monosaccharide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">Fructose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactose" title="Galactose">Galactose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">Glucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylose" title="Xylose">Xylose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaccharide" title="Disaccharide">Disaccharide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">Lactose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltose" title="Maltose">Maltose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">Sucrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trehalose" title="Trehalose">Trehalose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Added_sugar" title="Added sugar">Added sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducing_sugar" title="Reducing sugar">Reducing sugar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">Sugar beet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">Sugarcane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agave_syrup" title="Agave syrup">Agave syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_syrup" title="Birch syrup">Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_sugar" title="Coconut sugar">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_sugar" title="Date sugar">Date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeydew_(secretion)" title="Honeydew (secretion)">Honeydew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_sugar" title="Maple sugar">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt sugar">Malt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">Syrups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_syrups" title="List of syrups">List of syrups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agave_syrup" title="Agave syrup">Agave syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_malt_syrup" title="Barley malt syrup">Barley malt syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_rice_syrup" title="Brown rice syrup">Brown rice syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheong_(food)" title="Cheong (food)">Cheong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maesil-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesil-cheong">Maesil-cheong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogwa-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogwa-cheong">Mogwa-cheong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuja-cheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuja-cheong">Yuja-cheong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">Corn syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucose_syrup" title="Glucose syrup">Glucose syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_syrup" title="Golden syrup">Golden syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose corn syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-maltose_corn_syrup" title="High-maltose corn syrup">High-maltose corn syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_sugar_syrup" title="Inverted sugar syrup">Inverted sugar syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuromitsu" title="Kuromitsu">Kuromitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuame" title="Mizuame">Mizuame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">Molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_honey" title="Pine honey">Pine honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steen%27s_cane_syrup" title="Steen's cane syrup">Steen's cane syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_syrup" title="Table syrup">Table syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treacle" title="Treacle">Treacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yac%C3%B3n_syrup" title="Yacón syrup">Yacón syrup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Solid forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">Brown</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peen_tong" title="Peen tong">Peen tong</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candi_sugar" title="Candi sugar">Candi sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancaca" title="Chancaca">Chancaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystalline_fructose" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystalline fructose">Crystalline fructose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelling_sugar" title="Gelling sugar">Gelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gula_melaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Gula melaka">Gula melaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">Jaggery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misri" class="mw-redirect" title="Misri">Misri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_sugar" title="Molasses sugar">Molasses sugar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muscovado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nib_sugar" title="Nib sugar">Nib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-centrifugal_cane_sugar" title="Non-centrifugal cane sugar">Non-centrifugal cane sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panela" title="Panela">Panela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Reserve" title="Plantation Reserve">Plantation Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powdered_sugar" title="Powdered sugar">Powdered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preserving_sugar" title="Preserving sugar">Preserving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucanat" title="Sucanat">Sucanat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_candy" title="Sugar candy">Sugar candy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_sugar" title="Barley sugar">Barley sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterscotch" title="Butterscotch">Butterscotch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy" title="Candy">Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_candy" title="Hard candy">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_candy" title="Rock candy">Rock candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffee" title="Toffee">Toffee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_glass" title="Sugar glass">Sugar glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf" title="Sugarloaf">Sugarloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasanbon" title="Wasanbon">Wasanbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_sugar" title="White sugar">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caramel" title="Caramel">Caramel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_candy" title="Cotton candy">Cotton candy floss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_made_from_maple" title="List of foods made from maple">Maple sugar foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_alcohol" title="Sugar alcohol">Sugar alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confectionery#Sugar_confectionery" title="Confectionery">Sugar confectionery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Sugarcane juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuzem%C3%A1k" title="Tuzemák">Tuzemák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unrefined_sweeteners" title="List of unrefined sweeteners">Unrefined sweeteners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilery" title="Boilery">Boilery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation#Sugar" title="Plantation">Plantation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa-grande" title="Casa-grande">Casa-grande</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_refinery" title="Sugar refinery">Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_bush" title="Sugar bush">Sugar bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_mill" title="Sugarcane mill">Sugarcane mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engenho" title="Engenho">Engenho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batey_(sugar_workers%27_town)" title="Batey (sugar workers' town)">Batey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafra_(agriculture)" title="Zafra (agriculture)">Zafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_marketing" title="Sugar marketing">Sugar marketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region (current)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sugar_mills_in_Queensland" title="List of sugar mills in Queensland">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundaberg_Sugar" title="Bundaberg Sugar">Bundaberg Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSR_Limited" title="CSR Limited">CSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmar_Sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmar Sugar">Wilmar Sugar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_sugar_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban sugar economy">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_the_Caribbean" title="Sugar plantations in the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sugar_manufacturers_in_Kenya" title="List of sugar manufacturers in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_India" title="Sugar industry of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Mauritius" title="Sugar industry of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_Philippines" title="Sugar industry of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Rwanda" title="Sugar industry of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Sugar industry of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_South_Africa#Sugarcane" title="Agriculture in South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illovo_Sugar" title="Illovo Sugar">Illovo Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongaat_Hulett" title="Tongaat Hulett">Tongaat Hulett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sugar_manufacturers_in_Tanzania" title="List of sugar manufacturers in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_Uganda" title="Sugar industry of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Sugar" title="British Sugar">British Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_%26_Lyle" title="Tate & Lyle">Tate & Lyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry_of_the_United_States" title="Sugar industry of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Association" title="Sugar Association">Sugar Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Sugar_Program" title="U.S. Sugar Program">U.S. Sugar Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region (historical)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_production_in_the_Danish_West_Indies" title="Sugar production in the Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_mills_in_Fiji" title="Sugar mills in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_sugar" title="History of sugar">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1811_German_Coast_uprising" title="1811 German Coast uprising">1811 German Coast uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelioration_Act_1798" title="Amelioration Act 1798">Amelioration Act 1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">Blackbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_molasses_trade" title="Colonial molasses trade">Colonial molasses trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara_rebellion_of_1823" title="Demerara rebellion of 1823">Demerara rebellion of 1823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holing_cane" title="Holing cane">Holing cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Sugar_House" title="Leith Sugar House">Leith Sugar House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Act" title="Molasses Act">Molasses Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_Treaty_of_1875" title="Reciprocity Treaty of 1875">Reciprocity Treaty of 1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">Slavery in the British and French Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Act" title="Sugar Act">Sugar Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Duties_Acts_1846" title="Sugar Duties Acts 1846">Sugar Duties Acts 1846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Intervention" title="Sugar Intervention">Sugar Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Sugar_Railways" title="Taiwan Sugar Railways">Taiwan Sugar Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_trade" title="Triangular trade">Triangular trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Added_sugar" title="Added sugar">Added sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_Over" title="Crop Over">Crop Over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_shack" title="Sugar shack">Sugar shack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugaring" title="Sugaring">Sugaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_nips" title="Sugar nips">Sugar nips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_packet" title="Sugar packet">Sugar packet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Sucrology">Sucrology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_people" title="Sugar people">Sugar people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_tit" title="Sugar tit">Sugar tit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_sculpture" title="Sugar sculpture">Sugar sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treacle_mining" title="Treacle mining">Treacle mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sweet_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal sweet foods">Australian Aboriginal sweet foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sugar_level" title="Blood sugar level">Blood sugar level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_knife" title="Cane knife">Cane knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_syrup" title="Flavored syrup">Flavored syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_syrup" title="Fruit syrup">Fruit syrup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Date_honey" title="Date honey">Date honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_syrup" title="Grape syrup">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallab" title="Jallab">Jallab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Health effects of sugar">Health effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">Nectar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar addiction">Sugar addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugars_in_wine" title="Sugars in wine">Sugars in wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Residual_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Residual sugar">Residual sugar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitute" title="Sugar substitute">Sugar substitute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetened_beverage" title="Sweetened beverage">Sweetened beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetener" title="Sweetener">Sweetener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetness" title="Sweetness">Sweetness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinasse" title="Vinasse">Vinasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lustig" title="Robert Lustig">Robert Lustig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Yudkin" title="John Yudkin">John Yudkin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pure,_White_and_Deadly" title="Pure, White and Deadly">Pure, White and Deadly</a></i> (1972)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sugar" title="Category:Sugar">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sugar_production" title="Category:Sugar production">Production</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Filipino_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippine_cuisine" title="Template:Philippine cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippine_cuisine" title="Template talk:Philippine cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippine cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Filipino_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_dishes" title="List of Philippine dishes">Main dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_adobo" title="Philippine adobo">Adobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afritada" title="Afritada">Afritada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_asado#Asado_de_carajay" title="Philippine asado">Asado</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_asado#Pork_asado" title="Philippine asado">matua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_asado#Pork_asado" title="Philippine asado">pork</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbacua" title="Balbacua">Balbacua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balut_(food)" title="Balut (food)">Balut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicol_express" title="Bicol express">Bicol express/Sinilihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binagoongan" title="Binagoongan">Binagoongan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stir_fried_water_spinach#Water_spinach_with_shrimp_paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Stir fried water spinach">kangkong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binalot" title="Binalot">Binalot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistek" title="Bistek">Bistek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Biyaring">Biyaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">Bola-bola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopis" title="Bopis">Bopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burong_isda" title="Burong isda">Burong isda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burong_mangga" title="Burong mangga">Burong mangga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carne_norte_guisado" title="Carne norte guisado">Carne norte guisado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_galantina" title="Chicken galantina">Chicken galantina/Relyenong manok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_pastel" title="Chicken pastel">Chicken pastel/Pastel de pollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chori_burger" title="Chori burger">Chori burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut burger">Coconut burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Curacha">Curacha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curacha_Alavar" title="Curacha Alavar">Alavar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decho" title="Decho">Decho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinakdakan" title="Dinakdakan">Dinakdakan/Warek-Warek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinengdeng" title="Dinengdeng">Dinengdeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinuguan" title="Dinuguan">Dinuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embutido_(Filipino_cuisine)" title="Embutido (Filipino cuisine)">Embutido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escabeche" title="Escabeche">Escabeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estofado_(food)" title="Estofado (food)">Estofado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everlasting_(food)" title="Everlasting (food)">Everlasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picadillo" title="Picadillo">Giniling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stir_fried_water_spinach" class="mw-redirect" title="Stir fried water spinach">Ginisang kangkóng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goto_(food)" title="Goto (food)">Goto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halabos" title="Halabos">Halabós</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamonado" title="Hamonado">Hamonado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardinera" title="Hardinera">Hardinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humba" title="Humba">Humbà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igado" title="Igado">Igado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_inasal" title="Chicken inasal">Inasal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inihaw" title="Inihaw">Inihaw/Filipino barbecue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inubaran" title="Inubaran">Inubaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaw" title="Isaw">Isaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaldereta" title="Kaldereta">Kaldereta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kare-kare" title="Kare-kare">Kare-kare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilawin" title="Kilawin">Kilawin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinilnat" title="Kinilnat">Kinilnat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinilaw" title="Kinilaw">Kinilaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulawo" title="Kulawo">Kulawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laing_(food)" title="Laing (food)">Laing/Pinangat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laing_(food)#Inulukan" title="Laing (food)">Inulukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linapay" class="mw-redirect" title="Linapay">Linapay/Tinamuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laing_(food)#Tinumok" title="Laing (food)">Tinumok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_lechon" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine lechon">Lechon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_lechon" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine lechon">baboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon_baka" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechon baka">baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon_manok" title="Lechon manok">manok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengua_estofado" title="Lengua estofado">Lengua estofado</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lengua_pastel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengua pastel">Lengua pastel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengua_Sevillana" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengua Sevillana">Lengua Sevillana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linagpang" title="Linagpang">Linagpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linarang" title="Linarang">Linarang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linat-an" title="Linat-an">Linat-an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumlom" title="Lumlom">Lumlom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechado" title="Mechado">Mechado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menudo_(stew)" title="Menudo (stew)">Menudo/Ginamay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waknatoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Waknatoy">Waknatoy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morc%C3%B3n_(Filipino_cuisine)" title="Morcón (Filipino cuisine)">Morcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilagang_saging" title="Nilagang saging">Nilagang saging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paklay" title="Paklay">Paklay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Papaitan">Papaitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares_(food)" title="Pares (food)">Pares</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pares_kanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Pares kanto">Pares kanto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pata_tim" title="Pata tim">Pata tim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaparan" title="Piaparan">Piaparan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picadillo" title="Picadillo">Picadillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinais" title="Pinais">Pinais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinapaitan" title="Pinapaitan">Pinapaitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinakbet" title="Pinakbet">Pinakbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinangat_na_isda" title="Pinangat na isda">Pinangat na isda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinatisan" title="Pinatisan">Pinatisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pininyahang_hipon" title="Pininyahang hipon">Pininyahang hipon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pininyahang_manok" title="Pininyahang manok">Pininyahang manok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinsec_frito" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinsec frito">Pinsec frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyanggang_manok" title="Piyanggang manok">Piyanggang manok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piutu" title="Piutu">Piutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poqui_poqui" title="Poqui poqui">Poqui poqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proben" title="Proben">Proben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudpod" title="Pudpod">Pudpod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puchero#Filipino_puchero" title="Puchero">Putsero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendang#In_other_countries" title="Rendang">Rendang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropa_vieja" title="Ropa vieja">Ropa vieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarsa_na_uyang" title="Sarsa na uyang">Sarsa na uyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinanglay" title="Sinanglay">Sinanglay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinantolan" title="Sinantolan">Sinantolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumai#Philippine_siomai" title="Shumai">Siomai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale#Philippines_and_Guam" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talunan" title="Talunan">Talunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_(Filipino_cuisine)" title="Tapa (Filipino cuisine)">Tapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinapa" title="Tinapa">Tinapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinapayan" title="Tinapayan">Tinapayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinola" title="Tinola">Tinola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuslob_buwa" title="Tuslob buwa">Tuslob buwa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Fried dishes</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagnet" title="Bagnet">Bagnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamares" class="mw-redirect" title="Calamares">Calamares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaron_rebosado" title="Camaron rebosado">Camaron rebosado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milanesa" title="Milanesa">Carne frita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicharr%C3%B3n#Philippines" title="Chicharrón">Chicharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispy_kangk%C3%B3ng" title="Crispy kangkóng">Crispy kangkóng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispy_pata" title="Crispy pata">Crispy pata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispy_tadyang_ng_baka" title="Crispy tadyang ng baka">Crispy tadyang ng baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daing" title="Daing">Daing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ball" title="Fish ball">Fish balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngo_hiang" title="Ngo hiang">Kikiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechon_kawali" title="Lechon kawali">Lechon kawali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilasing_na_hipon" title="Nilasing na hipon">Nilasing na hipon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okoy" title="Okoy">Okoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudpod" title="Pudpod">Pudpod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisig" title="Sisig">Sisig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_(Filipino_cuisine)" title="Tapa (Filipino cuisine)">Tapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocino" title="Tocino">Tocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokneneng" title="Tokneneng">Tokneneng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwek_kwek" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwek kwek">Kwek kwek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokwa%E2%80%99t_baboy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokwa’t baboy">Tokwa’t baboy</a></li> <li>Torta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tortang_carne_norte" title="Tortang carne norte">carne norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortang_kalabasa" title="Tortang kalabasa">kalabasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortang_sardinas" title="Tortang sardinas">sardinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortang_talong" title="Tortang talong">talong</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Rice dishes</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aligue_fried_rice" title="Aligue fried rice">Aligue fried rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroz_a_la_cubana" title="Arroz a la cubana">Arroz a la cubana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroz_a_la_valenciana" title="Arroz a la valenciana">Arroz valenciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroz_caldo" title="Arroz caldo">Arroz caldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong_fried_rice" title="Bagoong fried rice">Bagoong fried rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balao-balao" title="Balao-balao">Balao-balao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_rice" title="Java rice">Java rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junay_(food)" title="Junay (food)">Junay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiampong" title="Kiampong">Kiampong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuning" title="Kuning">Kuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugaw" title="Lugaw">Lugaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morisqueta_tostada" title="Morisqueta tostada">Morisqueta tostada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oko-oko" title="Oko-oko">Oko-oko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paelya" title="Paelya">Paelya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bringhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bringhe">Bringhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasing_biringyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasing biringyi">Nasing biringyi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastil" title="Pastil">Pastil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pus%C3%B4" title="Pusô">Pusô/Tamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silog_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silog (dish)">Silog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinang%C3%A1g" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinangág">Sinangág</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinigapuna" title="Sinigapuna">Sinigapuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Soups</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batchoy_Tagalog" title="Batchoy Tagalog">Batchoy Tagalog/Batsoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binakol" title="Binakol">Binakol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulalo" title="Bulalo">Bulalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cansi" title="Cansi">Cansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataan" title="Ginataan">Ginataan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_ampalaya" title="Ginataang ampalaya">ampalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_hipon" title="Ginataang hipon">hipon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_isda" title="Ginataang isda">isda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_kalabasa" title="Ginataang kalabasa">kalabasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_kuhol" title="Ginataang kuhol">kuhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_labong" title="Ginataang labong">labong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_langka" title="Ginataang langka">langka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_manok" title="Ginataang manok">manok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_hipon" title="Ginataang hipon">sugpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_ubod" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginataang ubod">ubod</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginisang_munggo" title="Ginisang munggo">Ginisang munggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gising-gising" title="Gising-gising">Gising-gising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadyos,_baboy,_kag_langka" title="Kadyos, baboy, kag langka">Kadyos, baboy, kag langka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadyos,_manok,_kag_ubad" title="Kadyos, manok, kag ubad">Kadyos, manok, kag ubad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinamatisang_manok" title="Kinamatisang manok">Kinamatisang manok</a> (Sarciadong manok)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilaga" title="Nilaga">Nilaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paksiw" title="Paksiw">Paksiw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paksiw#Inun-unan" title="Paksiw">Inun-unan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinikpikan" title="Pinikpikan">Pinikpikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarsiado" title="Sarsiado">Sarsiado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinabawang_corned_beef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinabawang corned beef">Sinabawang corned beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinabawang_gulay" title="Sinabawang gulay">Sinabawang gulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinampalukan" title="Sinampalukan">Sinampalukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinigang" title="Sinigang">Sinigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorol_(food)" title="Sorol (food)">Sorol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_Number_Five" title="Soup Number Five">Soup Number Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suam_na_mais" title="Suam na mais">Suam na mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiyula_itum" title="Tiyula itum">Tiyula itum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_Food.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg/150px-Philippine_Food.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg/225px-Philippine_Food.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Philippine_Food.jpg/300px-Philippine_Food.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="266" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noodles and pasta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balbacua" title="Balbacua">Balbacua con misua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batchoy" title="Batchoy">Batchoy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batchoy_Tagalog" title="Batchoy Tagalog">Batchoy Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_spaghetti" title="Filipino spaghetti">Filipino spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinalas" title="Kinalas">Kinalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_salad" title="Macaroni salad">Macaroni salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maki_mi" title="Maki mi">Maki mi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odong" title="Odong">Odong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit" title="Pancit">Pancit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_bihon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancit bihon">bihon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_buko" title="Pancit buko">buko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancit canton">canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_choca" title="Pancit choca">choca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_estacion" title="Pancit estacion">estacion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomi" title="Lomi">lomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_luglug" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancit luglug">luglug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_Malabon" title="Pancit Malabon">Malabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_soup" title="Mami soup">mami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_miki" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancit miki">miki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_Molo" title="Pancit Molo">Molo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancit_palabok" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancit palabok">palabok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotanghon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotanghon">sotanghon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares_mami" class="mw-redirect" title="Pares mami">Pares mami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinig%C3%A1ng_sa_mis%C3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinigáng sa misô">Sinigáng sa misô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopa_de_fideo" title="Sopa de fideo">Sopa de fideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopas" title="Sopas">Sopas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Longaniza#Philippines" title="Longaniza">Sausages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longaniza#Philippines" title="Longaniza">Longganisa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaminos_longganisa" title="Alaminos longganisa">Alaminos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baguio_longganisa" title="Baguio longganisa">Baguio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabanatuan_longganisa" title="Cabanatuan longganisa">Cabanatuan/Batutay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calumpit_longganisa" title="Calumpit longganisa">Calumpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_longganisa" title="Chicken longganisa">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_longganisa" title="Fish longganisa">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guagua_longganisa" title="Guagua longganisa">Guagua/Candaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longganisa_de_Guinobatan" title="Longganisa de Guinobatan">Guinobatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sausage#Philippines" title="Blood sausage">Longganisang dugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucban_longganisa" title="Lucban longganisa">Lucban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga_longganisa" title="Pampanga longganisa">Pampanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuguegarao_longganisa" title="Tuguegarao longganisa">Tuguegarao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigan_longganisa" title="Vigan longganisa">Vigan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chorizo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorizo_de_Bilbao" title="Chorizo de Bilbao">de Bilbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorizo_de_Cebu" title="Chorizo de Cebu">de Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorizo_de_Macao" title="Chorizo de Macao">de Macao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorizo_Negrense" title="Chorizo Negrense">Negrense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorizo_pudpud" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorizo pudpud">pudpud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinuneg" title="Pinuneg">Pinuneg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">Lumpia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">turón</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daral_(food)" title="Daral (food)">Daral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinamita" title="Dinamita">Dinamita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">Lumpia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_adobo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumpiang adobo">adobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_gulay" title="Lumpiang gulay">gulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_hubad" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumpiang hubad">hubad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_isda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumpiang isda">isda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_keso" title="Lumpiang keso">keso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_labong" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumpiang labong">labong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_prito" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumpiang prito">prito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_sariwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumpiang sariwa">sariwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_Shanghai" title="Lumpiang Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_singkamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumpiang singkamas">singkamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_gulay#Lumpiang_togue" title="Lumpiang gulay">togue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_ubod" title="Lumpiang ubod">ubod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpiang_gulay#Vegetarian_lumpia" title="Lumpiang gulay">Vegetarian lumpia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngohiong" title="Ngohiong">Ngohiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads, cakes,<br />and pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfajor" title="Alfajor">Alfajor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asado_roll" title="Asado roll">Asado roll</a></li> <li>Banada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_bread" title="Banana bread">Banana cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youtiao#Philippines" title="Youtiao">Bicho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binangkal" title="Binangkal">Binangkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscocho" title="Biscocho">Biscocho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinihad">Kinihad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazo_de_Mercedes" title="Brazo de Mercedes">Brazo de Mercedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buko_pandan_cake" title="Buko pandan cake">Buko pandan cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buko_pie" title="Buko pie">Buko pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crema_de_Fruta" class="mw-redirect" title="Crema de Fruta">Crema de Fruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_pie" title="Egg pie">Egg pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada#Philippines" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensa%C3%AFmada" title="Ensaïmada">Ensaymada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flan_cake" title="Flan cake">Flan cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_the_gods" title="Food for the gods">Food for the gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia" title="Bakpia">Hopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inipit" title="Inipit">Inipit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumukunsi" title="Kumukunsi">Kumukunsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%B3n" title="Mamón">Mamón</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broas" class="mw-redirect" title="Broas">Broas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puto_mam%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Puto mamón">Puto mamón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisan_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taisan (food)">Taisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%B3n_tostado" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamón tostado">tostado</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_cake" title="Mango cake">Mango cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_float" title="Mango float">Mango float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille_foglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Mille foglie">Napoleones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohaldre" title="Ohaldre">Ohaldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_de_coco" title="Pan de coco">Pan de coco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_de_monggo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan de monggo">Pan de monggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_de_monja" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan de monja">Pan de monja/Monáy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Putok" title="Putok">Putok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_de_regla" title="Pan de regla">Pan de regla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_de_siosa" title="Pan de siosa">Pan de siosa/Pan de leche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandesal" title="Pandesal">Pandesal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_Camigu%C3%ADn" title="Pastel de Camiguín">Pastel de Camiguín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pionono" title="Pionono">Pianono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaya_(food)" title="Piaya (food)">Piaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilipit" title="Pilipit">Pilipit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinagong" title="Pinagong">Pinagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polvor%C3%B3n" title="Polvorón">Polvorón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans_rival" title="Sans rival">Sans rival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%B1orita_bread" title="Señorita bread">Señorita bread/Spanish bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakoy" title="Shakoy">Shakoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shing-a-ling_(food)" title="Shing-a-ling (food)">Shing-a-ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvana_(food)" title="Silvana (food)">Silvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siopao" title="Siopao">Siopao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ube_cake" title="Ube cake">Ube cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ube_cheesecake" title="Ube cheesecake">Ube cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffle_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Waffle dog">Waffle dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yema_cake" title="Yema cake">Yema cake</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Biscuits/cookies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Biscuits/cookies</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aparon" title="Aparon">Aparon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apas_(biscuit)" title="Apas (biscuit)">Apas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscuit_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Biscuit roll">Barquillos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barquiron" class="mw-redirect" title="Barquiron">Barquiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camachile_cookie" title="Camachile cookie">Camachile cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caycay" title="Caycay">Caycay</a></li> <li>Galletas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galletas_de_bato" class="mw-redirect" title="Galletas de bato">de bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galletas_de_patatas" title="Galletas de patatas">de patatas/Egg cracklets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galletas_del_Carmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Galletas del Carmen">del Carmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galletas_pesquera" title="Galletas pesquera">pesquera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgoria" title="Gorgoria">Gorgoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-moon_cookie_(Philippines)" title="Half-moon cookie (Philippines)">Half-moon cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobina_(food)" title="Jacobina (food)">Jacobina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengua_de_gato" title="Lengua de gato">Lengua de gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linga_(cookie)" title="Linga (cookie)">Linga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_podrida" title="Masa podrida">Masa podrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otap_(food)" title="Otap (food)">Otap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paciencia_(cookie)" title="Paciencia (cookie)">Paciencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paborita" title="Paborita">Paborita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puto_seco" title="Puto seco">Puto seco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscas_(Filipino_cuisine)" title="Roscas (Filipino cuisine)">Roscas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosquillo" title="Rosquillo">Rosquillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ube_crinkles" title="Ube crinkles">Ube crinkles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugoy-ugoy" title="Ugoy-ugoy">Ugoy-ugoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraro" title="Uraro">Uraró/Arrowroot cookies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_desserts" title="List of Philippine desserts">Desserts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampaw" title="Ampaw">Ampaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_cue" title="Banana cue">Banana cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baye_baye" title="Baye baye">Baye baye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binagol" title="Binagol">Binagol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buko_salad" title="Buko salad">Buko salad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buko_halo" class="mw-redirect" title="Buko halo">Buko halo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buko_melon" class="mw-redirect" title="Buko melon">Buko melon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buko_pandan" class="mw-redirect" title="Buko pandan">Buko pandan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camote_cue" title="Camote cue">Camote cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camote_halaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Camote halaya">Camote halaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascaron" title="Cascaron">Cascaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassava_cake" title="Cassava cake">Cassava cake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitsi-pits%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitsi-pitsî">Pitsi-pitsî</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiamoy" title="Kiamoy">Champóy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroon#Philippines" title="Macaroon">Coconut macaroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornick_(food)" title="Cornick (food)">Cornick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daral_(food)" title="Daral (food)">Daral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodol" title="Dodol">Dodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinipig#Variants" title="Pinipig">Duman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginanggang" title="Ginanggang">Ginanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamay" title="Kalamay">Kalamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiamoy" title="Kiamoy">Kiamoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_caramel#Philippines" title="Crème caramel">Leche flan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokot-lokot" title="Lokot-lokot">Lokot-lokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_blanca" title="Maja blanca">Maja blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruya_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maruya (food)">Maruya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masareal" title="Masareal">Masareal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quince_cheese" title="Quince cheese">Membrilyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minatamis_na_saging" title="Minatamis na saging">Minatamis na saging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilupak" title="Nilupak">Nilupak/Nilusak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinipig" title="Pinipig">Pinipig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritong_saging" title="Pritong saging">Pritong saging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salukara" title="Salukara">Salukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taho" title="Taho">Taho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale#Philippines_and_Guam" title="Tamale">Tamales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibok-tibok" title="Tibok-tibok">Tibok-tibok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_caramel#Philippines" title="Crème caramel">Tocino de cielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n#Philippine_turrón" title="Turrón">Turrón de casúy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n#Philippine_turrón" title="Turrón">Turrón de pili</a></li> <li>Ube <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ube_halaya" title="Ube halaya">halaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ube_macapuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Ube macapuno">macapuno</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Candies and confections</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastillas" title="Pastillas">Pastillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balikucha" title="Balikucha">Balikucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belekoy" title="Belekoy">Belekoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_toffee" title="Coconut toffee">Coconut toffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittle_(food)" title="Brittle (food)">Peanut Brittle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panocha_mani" class="mw-redirect" title="Panocha mani">Panocha mani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiamoy" title="Kiamoy">Sampalok candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yema_(candy)" title="Yema (candy)">Yema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Chips and crackers</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_chip" title="Banana chip">Banana chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabkab" title="Kabkab">Kabkab/Cassava cracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prawn_cracker" title="Prawn cracker">Kropek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiping" title="Kiping">Kiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinasugbo" title="Pinasugbo">Pinasugbo/Consilva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Frozen desserts</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avocado_and_milk_in_ice" title="Avocado and milk in ice">Avocado and milk in ice/Abukado lamaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinomis" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinomis">Guinomis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halo-halo" title="Halo-halo">Halo-halo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_buko" title="Ice buko">Ice buko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_scramble" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice scramble">Ice scramble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_(Zamboanga)" title="Knickerbocker (Zamboanga)">Knickerbocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%ADz_con_hielo" title="Maíz con hielo">Maíz con hielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queso_ice_cream" title="Queso ice cream">Queso ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minatamis_na_saging" title="Minatamis na saging">Saba con hielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sili_ice_cream" title="Sili ice cream">Sili ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbetes" title="Sorbetes">Sorbetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ube_ice_cream" title="Ube ice cream">Ube ice cream</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kakanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakanin">Kakanin</a> (ricecakes)</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibingka" title="Bibingka">Bibingka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibingkoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibingkoy">Bibingkoy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binakle" title="Binakle">Binakle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biko_(food)" title="Biko (food)">Biko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espasol" title="Espasol">Espasol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutsinta" title="Kutsinta">Kutsinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mache_(food)" title="Mache (food)">Mache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masi_(food)" title="Masi (food)">Masi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moche_(food)" title="Moche (food)">Moche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moron_(food)" title="Moron (food)">Morón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palitaw" title="Palitaw">Palitaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyalam" title="Panyalam">Panyalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putli_mandi" title="Putli mandi">Putli mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puto_(food)" title="Puto (food)">Puto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puto_bumbong" title="Puto bumbong">Puto bumbong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_sticky_rice" title="Mango sticky rice">Puto maya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapin-sapin" title="Sapin-sapin">Sapin-sapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayongsong" title="Sayongsong">Sayongsong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suman_(food)" title="Suman (food)">Suman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nian_gao#Philippines" title="Nian gao">Tikoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupig" title="Tupig">Tupig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Soup desserts</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilo-bilo" title="Bilo-bilo">Bilo-bilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binignit" title="Binignit">Binignit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champorado" title="Champorado">Champorado</a></li> <li>Ginataan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_mais" title="Ginataang mais">mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_munggo" title="Ginataang munggo">munggo/Lelot balatong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_saba" title="Ginataang saba">saba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamaw" title="Lamaw">Lamaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_condiments" title="Philippine condiments">Condiments</a><br />and ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agre_dulce" class="mw-redirect" title="Agre dulce">Agre dulce/sweet and sour sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatto" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatto">Achuete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%ADn_tibuok" title="Asín tibuok">Asín tibuok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchara" title="Atchara">Atchara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong" title="Bagoong">Bagoong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong_alamang" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagoong alamang">alamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong_monamon" title="Bagoong monamon">monamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong_terong" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagoong terong">terong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_ketchup" title="Banana ketchup">Banana ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_micrantha" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus micrantha">Biasong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukayo" title="Bukayo">Bukayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Burô/tapay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamansi" title="Calamansi">Calamansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_lime" title="Key lime">Dayap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayok" title="Dayok">Dayok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritiera_littoralis" title="Heritiera littoralis">Dungon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galap%C3%B3ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapóng">Galapóng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet">Gamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Gatâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">Giniling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulaman" title="Gulaman">Gulaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucheuma" title="Eucheuma">Gusô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_cream" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut cream">Kakang gatâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilimbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilimbi">Kamias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arenga_pinnata" title="Arenga pinnata">Kaong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safflower" title="Safflower">Kasubha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edam_cheese" title="Edam cheese">Keso de bola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesong_puti" title="Kesong puti">Kesong puti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">Labóng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landang" title="Landang">Landang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latik" title="Latik">Latik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caulerpa_lentillifera" title="Caulerpa lentillifera">Latô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemongrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemongrass">Lemongrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_spread" title="Liver spread">Liver spread/Lechon sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Luyang dilaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macapuno" title="Macapuno">Macapuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_jam" title="Coconut jam">Minatamís na báo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muscovado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nata_de_coco" title="Nata de coco">Nata de coco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nata_de_pi%C3%B1a" title="Nata de piña">Nata de piña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplazium_esculentum" title="Diplazium esculentum">Pakô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_(condiment)" title="Palapa (condiment)">Palapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus" title="Pandanus">Pandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggery" title="Jaggery">Panutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patis_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patis (sauce)">Patis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pili_nut" class="mw-redirect" title="Pili nut">Pili nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_banana" title="Saba banana">Saba banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sago" title="Sago">Sago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakurab" title="Sakurab">Sakurab/Sibujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siling_haba" title="Siling haba">Siling haba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siling_labuyo" title="Siling labuyo">Siling labuyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_ng_talangka" title="Taba ng talangka">Taba ng talangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabon-tabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabon-tabon">Tabon-tabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyomansi" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyomansi">Toyomansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyo,_suka,_at_sili" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyo, suka, at sili">Toyo, suka, at sili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%ADn_tibuok" title="Asín tibuok">Túltul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_yam" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple yam">Ube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_pith" title="Banana pith">Ubad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_palm" title="Heart of palm">Ubod</a></li> <li>Vinegar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cane_vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane vinegar">cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut vinegar">coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm_vinegar" title="Kaong palm vinegar">kaong palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm_vinegar" title="Nipa palm vinegar">nipa palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiced_vinegar" title="Spiced vinegar">spiced</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Non-alcoholic</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avocado_milkshake" class="mw-redirect" title="Avocado milkshake">Avocado milkshake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamansi_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Calamansi juice">Calamansi juice</a></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapeng_barako" title="Kapeng barako">Barako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benguet_coffee" title="Benguet coffee">Benguet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagada_coffee" title="Sagada coffee">Sagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahawa_Sug" title="Kahawa Sug">Sulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_tea#Philippines" title="Ginger tea">Salabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samalamig" title="Samalamig">Samalamig</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buko_pandan_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Buko pandan drink">Buko pandan drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sago_at_gulaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sago at gulaman">Sago at gulaman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsokolate" title="Tsokolate">Tsokolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubho_tea" title="Tubho tea">Tubho tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><b>Alcoholic</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubado" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubado">Dubado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinutil" title="Kinutil">Kinutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy/Dalisay de nipa/Barik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog/Dalisay de coco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Mallorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy/Baya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tub%C3%A2" title="Tubâ">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/16px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/24px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><b>See also:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_condiments" title="Philippine condiments">Philippine condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino Chinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayan" title="Kamayan">Kamayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurant_chains_in_the_Philippines" title="List of restaurant chains in the Philippines">List of restaurant chains in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&oldid=1235649319">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&oldid=1235649319</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Types_of_sugar" title="Category:Types of sugar">Types of sugar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Molasses" title="Category:Molasses">Molasses</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_accuracy_disputes" title="Category:All accuracy disputes">All accuracy disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accuracy_disputes_from_June_2017" title="Category:Accuracy disputes from June 2017">Accuracy disputes from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2019" title="Category:Use British English from November 2019">Use British English from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_June_2017" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from June 2017">Articles lacking reliable references from June 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 July 2024, at 12:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muscovado&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-t8hm5","wgBackendResponseTime":144,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.928","walltime":"1.166","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3079,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":147062,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2499,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":92538,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 888.042 1 -total"," 34.74% 308.501 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.53% 208.965 8 Template:Navbox"," 18.21% 161.739 11 Template:Cite_web"," 15.57% 138.274 1 Template:Sugar"," 14.00% 124.345 1 Template:Lang"," 8.91% 79.157 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.75% 59.899 1 Template:Filipino_cuisine"," 5.51% 48.942 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.32% 47.203 2 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.497","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14802160,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-s64j5","timestamp":"20241128194103","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Muscovado","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muscovado","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9280616","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9280616","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-13T20:52:42Z","dateModified":"2024-07-20T12:24:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/82\/Brown_sugar_examples.JPG","headline":"type of unrefined brown sugar"}</script> </body> </html>