CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b670f840ce11',cH: '7sv5L2xiYy0ZIeistPPjjo0tXU9FhuOUfbkSkD5emV0-1739784143-1.2.1.1-sUD1PqM2MjpWjpOZcIkw6WMg25_J4W.GX1yHis3.qsxsp4LdIFjxTw0DQzuISFGB',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Abd-Rabou&__cf_chl_tk=5YnRqijfX48JrcqIWTUzgohmDMuAGDR3PMYJ3srlluw-1739784143-1.0.1.1-I3kYPLxpQVHorjNbH8da718qR5cx.RQ.NNP2YsAcj84",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784143',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Abd-Rabou&__cf_chl_f_tk=5YnRqijfX48JrcqIWTUzgohmDMuAGDR3PMYJ3srlluw-1739784143-1.0.1.1-I3kYPLxpQVHorjNbH8da718qR5cx.RQ.NNP2YsAcj84",md: "C0S5PBr6Lj24YN0ykrYlL03c4zl9Qeewlwo.8aFBDo0-1739784143-1.2.1.1-sQGHKuXh8QR2mBA8aWohXN0_qqg6qO40gGzeXRH.SmvdXiWeObflvLYK6_Qr3HHFLLh.jx8PGOwAuLDx5QOqDlnszcu0peo1cduPB8j9b.RHJ471WPpvjrhGhR5_pAYNvhoEjo2bCvfvmiWHNjrBgkxP.m_sOBu_ui7XFqU3zlW.hV7QsPYEiibHvUVzLSGOmfLxoJ.9qeaDX3N.tAibJZ7gLzSJvBo1i8lRPHzx3gB3KnhkmHB4Z_VMTYK2NRUljUTGG83uRk7Jcn04NIiAxJPgi5S9FYwy5DbHomNGKk9bpGgIw6NzNlTba.nvBITz5w3Kr43akV.PD1jAhZ7kc6UXibIb28TZmTg50lBUOMEUAK4sKsNU0vQVwXWz1D5PUDxqPFUeoki.YflnIP06.CVwx70TgUpp_D_IbwpiMgZ5_NF01WNwPuDWfsQeqiU1GK8lYz4taBQG2075i3h6GGfoW1lBYMwL72gmxi2iYqzBvhTekkaNgyI7uF4ZBU0TGUU59yLCS0cN4C0DI_0r_i0krv.8oZf2NmX.98izONjPWgxlK.PKhNlhCq6MOmirjdXVYZ9DGUsH_joAJGurqEG20pYodBu3C9c_BuLuPPudx08VKdnZxvfCJZBCiT8HL80bhWk0DnFnjrYbSV0GmpUf_PGk.oRf6cQcGt7nfWCP87ddawFtxNSx231xwt0zPjTk404N5U52N.UxxG6n.MSHzA7KZsPbQWfLS9stvtQjIYYqa1Qum1XqU60VvrU5zW9dK3.nv8NSHqHKjxEz3PhWkW7y30mPcexrqWcey2Kmnz.nc1rhP.ym9FuYrVFIkiprJoxkTIci142BzbVKyuFjhFQfGhyJAVghK0bbAg5i8wCZJieFcfienPaEtiKE5yZ5DagyDhxLymSZOucgQlZh2OgASnHhhMpHvVthPMLqhIGeoZ7CtJxPxL5LmdprKhIODsZ4kFXcthwlJZhMfm2hQgAz.pqj6jnmG2Z_icQAWSh65jmHwWF0oeFs6Gg2EmG5zdneLM7y47OPk4oigflCmsg3qcWOKZ.PbPGHiDlSrYuAQ1GDh8qTZah.W23h.XfbmVkxG2Y2j6Y_SEZOMAKfYANoBW.UptoYqop1_1ZhUu5yaamgaNWIpZdWxPj6fAczno4dhqMv9Zh2LWAx8TOIj6NgPMHSNsHA2GzDvCzUuzhIV6s3AORl_6Fvy9b6HPaBb9iznyNtyEv4XrSz5.HuYpcM6NozTnS1OY2tqlsuH9qFPRC4VlYaKuwAiUEEv8woaEuQIyDJsQSDBaCOSxLeQz.neQtHpWeiQcQp4t_Usr2VxTuGP9ax_G27YX2EJqHOTvQG2bsVOYAfhh2QyebdlAIE.6bibjFKZ6yXZD_NaZ4quKbCB1u1yxGtLDgNRE9Y6rlSQ8lT.SSnAra5Bn3AnDadzlIRLK7zJpemq8tFdTdCUaFMBQuIWAbXCO42rJPUs_x0mfqbiXoX2WfSI2G8JwepFVw2pkVsyNVdQsRHSss8V0cM.VR1jg9QlZrStIMwGPW667eQd0MliMR9ttp4HMiT64Awv1l2vo.MAScM06BZ5hZwSDwojdThAsAREDAdDVYXFrHmaae8_CGMxzJrPKu3I3.D76Jz2zlkPsjkzdDkyC0VvtDHnOJ9bvv_y6uNfL28d6gUihtVTo1eIRjha6ViOcOC0hwbIaxvjiRYi2UnHaeOJq6B5cXT5FkTtFf.GtDIewzPBdGBd._pZRRC_8dlIxj_v7nxf2G4G570vEWPay12dfSqpv9e0_4aJ3rAx6kqRpOQvd98kGS3XVTe_yqxIFx556vdlNflU85GKTCqzKm5oS6BjzVisShU.zi6T947K7LDrugptuTswJVNVfMjpUU1z4VHOuVTsA5lyeTXVzRewWYo7iOYADQJDR5dtWqaFS8UZhLqrpKGAUI2Rdk68PtuaTh3dLkI0lEJEeyzhm1MvD7IZLfMdP34",mdrd: "IgT8pN938PASedyurPCwVAdLEUOOMn_W0chidilazrM-1739784143-1.2.1.1-cy0ciLllQyhFHFFx6ma0jwXNEkQZFbrbFcIqw7eH3QKyUAostZ8vGqv1fJGVsEKW5gEOhk9bHx9b.oNk4lgGnae30a2zOwhyC2eJn0GnAKB7k1NAchxp5PPeLxo0aTbA0oDXfdOeGqZ_SmcxSQwD8X7h1kWGTuedwaQyG_GYxCcYyG.h_cwAnPLUXJzfHsUvZp8bJk1yOMruqj897ncAgLG3axa06j55b4P21U99Ycf7j3h00dRIn8i3zfDMNoAOT.UL_nRPCEcSnozTLQvBfNz21Y2udYYYBAiqYua7yrQ1ZlBzDBMo3We0rhD5tztrHnEFkUDNIfw_DSLyeswqZLEmlNdxsYwt4KjW3hNjP3y2QvYjorZnjGIaXvV3Fa3amQ7n885g3nnMWmud46QFcTEKkbZoiy4HjZpocuWfqFiWMwePh4aBglj4Xghvl2WBOusIzvLG8J9HrXxo0BAfWfnA8UApz4bUCDC.faxVVPDTHCH6uRglv04iT.EGbIj3z4eMQ6KUzQSYaxxtUZZEPBSXXjJ0AQWbyHSFGJWvhkzUFf7Ot_ZoBzjJzEIa8R.Bdf.X_0wFsY3Zjx9fQvCJwhvEE4QLlJ3hvxGe26o_zPKJPnJzjdIQLarPzvjv397QFr72WGBBSqDcu9pA3hlzfmJHADqvuFVUOZ7HIpZ1AksUP3QGZ4Pu.uTevL8V4nq0Ai.Yvg_vo3_kcmWkPNV79ykPECIhdzqctxXiNYZKcpEqJVvW5Qy39HbvUYPrdjjB0Q1vZiiC0r.SNreDSfAf5tqhnWgED4IR5t4J.qKRCMh76B50BTWlkHC6i.F0YbnADUdHaxTy1l6w4PeIf_GpHDLFuLFJwnfSaxNaw_lzrVNjgC5KjcPvH5dRI7zj3hGQK4V1VwKgTHLT81MoV09pTRrU3K3XsvGf4cMtHF8UTf7Eck1tnl98ZFsxfW.iafeEzWoC0uMlmVkjkp14M9kL_S5gCFpW2C2TPbgzm1c33.YUhwb2KTQQsb3QYXb4J8uodZaMiGDIX0rZ59VVCLwLIpxJ9.Fv1TB3_X.h4moeC1wV7xzKGlsF6QHD.xx1Ou10oWDpgHMdWMljFjqBabAzUqokqejtOd.5vAGHYZIou0H0phYdDGiNYsx1vOtajL1yM57y0W6lNMZEAzzXcQ9QqID_tje1pdq4tk5TDQb_ife9avYyITtUVYGwI9Pajc6Hp94EObLQ3r9YU8Q2am9tUc.PXe0kHYVyIGpxuG_3U92_Mz33Vb8n0Kfmxz.8LMVIj4AZ2ldjMuN.0diBNwI9g2hRFG4Er3XmsVBEitxhgbqOHTR1FMj0aCQq0.f63yrLsbSDW3MYDwGRn5ysQwp7egTAbMlJgWbVrv9GyYB5QZ8kZ45qzup1m_.sip5LTFSu1LjRQ5OkEJ1wGJ7QmgcECN0RJhwIcxeI1mN.gPTEa4M7FpWpmjblJ.nVds6W4zGAhoQRmloOQvP.Moh0r..Ni7qAF7_76cFMX.63Q8hw7WwKVArD.1Sh7TbfFImUXldCQK7Hh.Xm11CNPQ2LUO.82eywGNab1UNa9UlRD2KjgQxxEi5O9Kz2C2_YvU.r6RaqS6KvZFQrE2ORqkDQrCTrHBPTQ_.l7xf95GWeqVYJ.5dLdg_d7q4192ne.0aPPrD0OuaQOxGYe7dO_KNK8AG0wRWk0xy8YXgzGHSbKBMgNa9gR.bMbYWfVIuNlkcq7B1U3VlIBorGA62_H6LnCN7ESPcJDY86xUtIAgblNHN3AWW8qdhLQUbnkISxYVYu_V8XyZvaTL30p60Pkll4MgCm.Xp9dGI4Cqw79VTFvQS625goPJes71ak2q_rNxfzZh586_s5pHvBRtRP49CxzzLL9F35c.hBBqeZdjj518Ayc8g5f6FduMdnpNdX9BlfeY6AWtMfTt08s29us7HJETMRB3Yc21gTDxnWYF6a.5Zee1L08G46Ym1wa38uAA2dGRBf"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b670f840ce11';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Abd-Rabou&__cf_chl_rt_tk=5YnRqijfX48JrcqIWTUzgohmDMuAGDR3PMYJ3srlluw-1739784143-1.0.1.1-I3kYPLxpQVHorjNbH8da718qR5cx.RQ.NNP2YsAcj84" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>