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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Title (publishing)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Title_(publishing)" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Title_(publishing)" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Title+%28publishing%29" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p> The <b>title</b> of a book, or any other published text or <a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">work of art</a>, is a name for the work which is usually chosen by the author. A title can be used to identify the work, to put it in context, to convey a minimal summary of its contents, and to pique the reader's curiosity. </p><p>Some works supplement the title with a <a href="/wiki/Subtitle_(titling)" title="Subtitle (titling)">subtitle</a>. Texts without separate titles may be referred to by their <a href="/wiki/Incipit" title="Incipit">incipit</a> (first word), especially those produced before the practice of titling became popular. During development, a work may be referred to by a temporary <a href="/wiki/Working_title" title="Working title">working title</a>. A piece of legislation may have both a <a href="/wiki/Short_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Short title">short title</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">long title</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">library cataloging</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_title" title="Uniform title">uniform title</a> is assigned to a work whose title is ambiguous. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">book design</a>, the title is typically shown on the <a href="/wiki/Spine_(bookbinding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spine (bookbinding)">spine</a>, the front <a href="/wiki/Book_cover" title="Book cover">cover</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Title_page" title="Title page">title page</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Typographical_conventions"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Typographical conventions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The first books, such as the Five Books of Moses, in Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, did not have titles. They were referred to by their incipit: <i>Be-reshit</i>, "In the beginning" (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a>), <i>Va-yikra</i>, "And He [God] called" (<a href="/wiki/Leviticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviticus">Leviticus</a>). The concept of a title is a step in the development of the modern book.<sup id="cite_ref-Levin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek Literature">Ancient Greek Literature</a>, books have one-word titles that are not the initial words: new words, but following grammatical principles. The <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> is the story of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Ilion</a> (Troy), the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>; the <i><a href="/wiki/Odysseia" class="mw-redirect" title="Odysseia">Odysseia</a></i> (<i>Odyssey</i>) that of <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> (Ulysses). The first history book in the modern sense, <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War" title="History of the Peloponnesian War">History of the Peloponnesian War</a></i>, had no more title than <i>Historiai</i> (<i>Histories</i> or <i>Stories</i>). </p><p>When books take the form of a scroll or roll, as in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Sefer_Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer Torah">Torah</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Five_Megillot" title="Five Megillot">Five Megillot</a>, it is impractical to single out an initial page. The first page, rolled up, would not be fully visible unless unrolled. For that reason, scrolls are marked with external identifying decorations. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting,_1838.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting%2C_1838.png/220px-Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting%2C_1838.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1086"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 351px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting%2C_1838.png/220px-Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting%2C_1838.png" data-width="220" data-height="351" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting%2C_1838.png/330px-Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting%2C_1838.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting%2C_1838.png/440px-Title_page_of_report_on_anti-slavery_meeting%2C_1838.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Very long title of a pamphlet, 1838</figcaption></figure> <p>A book with pages is not a scroll, but a <a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a>, a stack of pages bound together through <a href="/wiki/Book_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Book binding">binding</a> on one edge. Codices (plural of "codex") are much more recent than scrolls, and replaced them because codices are easier to use. The title "page" is a consequence of a bound book having pages. Until books had covers (another development in the history of the book), the top page was highly visible. To make the content of the book easy to ascertain, there came the custom of printing on the top page a title, a few words in larger letters than the body, and thus readable from a greater distance. </p><p>As the book evolved, most books became the product of an author. Early books, like those of the Old Testament, did not have authors. Gradually the concept took hold—<a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> is a complicated case—but authorship of books, all of which were or were believed to be non-fiction, was not the same as, since the Western <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, writing a novel. The concept of intellectual property did not exist; copying another person's work was once praiseworthy. The invention of printing changed the economics of the book, making it possible for the owner of a manuscript to make money selling printed copies. The concept of authorship became much more important. The name of the author would also go on the title page. </p><p>Gradually more and more information was added to the title page: the location printed, the printer, at later dates the publisher, and the date. Sometimes a book's title continued at length, becoming an advertisement for the book which a possible purchaser would see in a bookshop (see example). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Typographical_conventions">Typographical conventions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Typographical conventions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Most English-language style guides, including the <i>Chicago Manual of Style</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/MLA_Style_Manual" class="mw-redirect" title="MLA Style Manual">Modern Language Association Style Guide</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/APA_style" title="APA style">APA style</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recommend that the titles of longer or complete works such as books, movies, plays, albums, and periodicals be written in <a href="/wiki/Italics" class="mw-redirect" title="Italics">italics</a>, like: the <i>New York Times</i> is a major American newspaper. These guides recommend that the titles of shorter or subsidiary works, such as articles, chapters, and poems, be placed written within <a href="/wiki/Quotation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Quotation marks">quotation marks</a>, like: "<a href="/wiki/Stopping_by_Woods_on_a_Snowy_Evening" title="Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening">Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening</a>" is a poem by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>. The <a href="/wiki/AP_Stylebook" title="AP Stylebook">AP Stylebook</a> recommends that book titles be written in quotation marks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Underlining" class="mw-redirect" title="Underlining">Underlining</a> is used where italics are not possible, such as on a typewriter or in handwriting. </p><p>Titles may also be written in <a href="/wiki/Title_case" title="Title case">title case</a>, with most or all words capitalized. This is true both when the title is written in or on the work in question, and when mentioned in other writing. The original author or publisher may deviate from this for stylistic purposes, and other publications might or might not replicate the original capitalization when mentioning the work. Quotes, italics, and underlines are generally not used in the title on the work itself.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headline" title="Headline">Headline</a> – Text at the top of a newspaper article</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Levin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levin_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLevin1977" class="citation cs2">Levin, Harry (October 1977), "The Title as a Literary Genre", <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Review" title="Modern Language Review">Modern Language Review</a></i>, <b>72</b> (4): xxiii–xxxvi, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3724776">10.2307/3724776</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3724776">3724776</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=The+Title+as+a+Literary+Genre&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=xxiii-xxxvi&rft.date=1977-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3724776&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3724776%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.writersdigest.com/online-editor/do-you-underline-book-titles">"Do You Underline Book Titles?"</a>. May 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Do+You+Underline+Book+Titles%3F&rft.date=2012-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.writersdigest.com%2Fonline-editor%2Fdo-you-underline-book-titles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resourcee/560/05/">"APA Formatting and Style Guide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Purdue_OWL" class="mw-redirect" title="Purdue OWL">Purdue OWL</a></i>. March 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purdue+OWL&rft.atitle=APA+Formatting+and+Style+Guide&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fowl.english.purdue.edu%2Fowl%2Fresourcee%2F560%2F05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grammartips.homestead.com/titles.html">"Which Titles Are Italicized and Which Are Enclosed in Quotation Marks?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+Titles+Are+Italicized+and+Which+Are+Enclosed+in+Quotation+Marks%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrammartips.homestead.com%2Ftitles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1987" class="citation cs2">Adams, Hazard (Autumn 1987), "Titles, Titling, and Entitlement to", <i>The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</i>, <b>46</b> (1): 7–21, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F431304">10.2307/431304</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/431304">431304</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Aesthetics+and+Art+Criticism&rft.atitle=Titles%2C+Titling%2C+and+Entitlement+to&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-21&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F431304&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F431304%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Hazard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdorno1984" class="citation cs2">Adorno, Theodor (1984), "Titres", <i>Notes sur la littérature</i>, Paris</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Titres&rft.btitle=Notes+sur+la+litt%C3%A9rature&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Adorno&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerry1996" class="citation cs2">Ferry, Anne (1996), <i>The Title to the Poem</i>, Stanford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804735179" title="Special:BookSources/9780804735179"><bdi>9780804735179</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Title+to+the+Poem&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780804735179&rft.aulast=Ferry&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher1984" class="citation cs2">Fisher, John (December 1984), "Entitling", <i>Critical Inquiry</i>, <b>11</b> (2): 286–298, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F448289">10.1086/448289</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224800904">224800904</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Inquiry&rft.atitle=Entitling&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=286-298&rft.date=1984-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F448289&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224800904%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenetteCrampé1988" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Genette" title="Gérard Genette">Genette, Gérard</a>; Crampé, Bernard (Summer 1988), "Structure and Functions of the Title in Literature", <i>Critical Inquiry</i>, <b>14</b> (4): 692–720, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F448462">10.1086/448462</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1343668">1343668</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161111244">161111244</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Inquiry&rft.atitle=Structure+and+Functions+of+the+Title+in+Literature&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=692-720&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161111244%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1343668%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F448462&rft.aulast=Genette&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Cramp%C3%A9%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHélin1956" class="citation cs2">Hélin, Maurice (September–December 1956), "Les livres et leurs titres", <i>Marche Romane</i>, <b>6</b>: 139–152</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marche+Romane&rft.atitle=Les+livres+et+leurs+titres&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=139-152&rft.date=1956-09%2F1956-12&rft.aulast=H%C3%A9lin&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoek1981" class="citation cs2">Hoek, Leo H. (1981), <i>La marque du titre: Dispositifs sémiotiques d'une pratique textuelle</i>, Approaches to Semiotics [AS], vol. 60</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+marque+du+titre%3A+Dispositifs+s%C3%A9miotiques+d%27une+pratique+textuelle&rft.series=Approaches+to+Semiotics+%5BAS%5D&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Hoek&rft.aufirst=Leo+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellman1975" class="citation cs2">Kellman, Steven G. (Spring 1975), "Dropping Names: the Poetics of Titles", <i>Criticism</i>, <b>17</b> (2): 152–167</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Criticism&rft.atitle=Dropping+Names%3A+the+Poetics+of+Titles&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=152-167&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Kellman&rft.aufirst=Steven+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin1977" class="citation cs2">Levin, Harry (October 1977), "The Title as a Literary Genre", <i>The Modern Language Review</i>, <b>72</b> (4): xxiii–xxxvi, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3724776">10.2307/3724776</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3724776">3724776</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=The+Title+as+a+Literary+Genre&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=xxiii-xxxvi&rft.date=1977-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3724776&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3724776%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevinson1985" class="citation cs2">Levinson, Jerrold (Autumn 1985), "Titles", <i>The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</i>, <b>44</b> (1): 29–39, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F430537">10.2307/430537</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/430537">430537</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Aesthetics+and+Art+Criticism&rft.atitle=Titles&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-39&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F430537&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F430537%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Jerrold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulvihill1998" class="citation cs2">Mulvihill, John (April 1998), "For Public Consumption: The Origin of Titling the Short Poem", <i>The Journal of English and Germanic Philology</i>, <b>97</b> (2): 190–204, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27711639">27711639</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+English+and+Germanic+Philology&rft.atitle=For+Public+Consumption%3A+The+Origin+of+Titling+the+Short+Poem&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=190-204&rft.date=1998-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27711639%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mulvihill&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1951" class="citation cs2">Oliver, Revilo P. (1951), "The First Medicean MS of Tacitus and the Titulature of Ancient Books", <i>Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association</i>, <b>82</b>: 232–261, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F283436">10.2307/283436</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/283436">283436</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+American+Philological+Association&rft.atitle=The+First+Medicean+MS+of+Tacitus+and+the+Titulature+of+Ancient+Books&rft.volume=82&rft.pages=232-261&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F283436&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F283436%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Revilo+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShevlin1999" class="citation cs2">Shevlin, Eleanor F. (1999), "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'To Reconcile Book and Title, and Make 'em Kin to One Another': The Evolution of the Title's Contractual Functions", <i>Book History</i>, <b>2</b>: 42–77, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbh.1999.0011">10.1353/bh.1999.0011</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143640018">143640018</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Book+History&rft.atitle=%27To+Reconcile+Book+and+Title%2C+and+Make+%27em+Kin+to+One+Another%27%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Title%27s+Contractual+Functions&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=42-77&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fbh.1999.0011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143640018%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shevlin&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2007" class="citation cs2">Sullivan, Ceri (July 2007), "Disposable Elements? Indications of Genre in Early Modern Titles", <i>The Modern Language Review</i>, <b>102</b> (3): 641–653, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20467425">10.2307/20467425</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20467425">20467425</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163420249">163420249</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=Disposable+Elements%3F+Indications+of+Genre+in+Early+Modern+Titles&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=641-653&rft.date=2007-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163420249%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20467425%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20467425&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Ceri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVardi1993" class="citation cs2">Vardi, Amiel D. (May 1993), "Why <i>Attic Nights</i>? Or What's in a Name?", <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>, New Series, <b>43</b> (1): 298–301, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009838800044360">10.1017/S0009838800044360</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170798738">170798738</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Why+Attic+Nights%3F+Or+What%27s+in+a+Name%3F&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=298-301&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009838800044360&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170798738%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Vardi&rft.aufirst=Amiel+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsmore1987" class="citation cs2">Wilsmore, S. J. (Summer 1987), "The Role of Titles in Identifying Literary Works", <i>The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</i>, <b>45</b> (4): 403–408, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F431331">10.2307/431331</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/431331">431331</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Aesthetics+and+Art+Criticism&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Titles+in+Identifying+Literary+Works&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=403-408&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F431331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F431331%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wilsmore&rft.aufirst=S.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle+%28publishing%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&oldid=1199139920">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&oldid=1199139920</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Title_(publishing)&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="GunnarBonk" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1706240705"> <span>Last edited on 26 January 2024, at 03:45</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1)" title="عنوان (نشر) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عنوان (نشر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Заглавие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Заглавие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titel_(v%C3%A6rk)" title="Titel (værk) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Titel (værk)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchtitel" title="Buchtitel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buchtitel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82)" title="Τίτλος (εκδόσεις) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τίτλος (εκδόσεις)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1)" title="عنوان (نشر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عنوان (نشر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titre_(d%C3%A9signation)" title="Titre (désignation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Titre (désignation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titel_(namme)" title="Titel (namme) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Titel (namme)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%AA%A9" title="제목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judul" title="Judul – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Judul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titolo_(editoria)" title="Titolo (editoria) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Titolo (editoria)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%AA_(%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94)" title="כותרת (כתיבה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כותרת (כתיבה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="शीर्षक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शीर्षक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boektitel" title="Boektitel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boektitel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tytu%C5%82_(literaturoznawstwo)" title="Tytuł (literaturoznawstwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tytuł (literaturoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Заглавие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заглавие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عنوان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عنوان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judul" title="Judul – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Judul" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titel_(rubrik)" title="Titel (rubrik) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Titel (rubrik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Назва видання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Назва видання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E9%A1%8C" title="標題 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="標題" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98" title="标题 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="标题" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 January 2024, at 03:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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