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aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਰਜਰੀ_ਦੀਆਂ_ਕਿਸਮਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਰਜਰੀ_ਦੀਆਂ_ਕਿਸਮਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਰਜਰੀ_ਦੀਆਂ_ਕਿਸਮਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭਾਰਤ_ਅਤੇ_ਚੀਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭਾਰਤ_ਅਤੇ_ਚੀਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਚੀਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਭਾਰਤ_ਅਤੇ_ਚੀਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਨੋਟਸ_ਅਤੇ_ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਨੋਟਸ_ਅਤੇ_ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਨੋਟਸ ਅਤੇ ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਨੋਟਸ_ਅਤੇ_ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਸਰਜਰੀ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 110 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgie" title="Chirurgie – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chirurgie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirurch%C3%ADa" title="Cirurchía – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cirurchía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="शल्यचिकित्सा – ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="शल्यचिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="جراحة – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جراحة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%A8%DC%92%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܥܨܒܘܬܐ – ਅਰਾਮੀ" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܨܒܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirux%C3%ADa" title="Ciruxía – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciruxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99rrahiyy%C9%99" title="Cərrahiyyə – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cərrahiyyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="جراحلیق – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جراحلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хірургія – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хірургія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хірургія – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хірургія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed%C3%A8l" title="Bedèl – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bedèl" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хирургия – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хирургия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="आपरेसन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आपरेसन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="অস্ত্রোপচার – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অস্ত্রোপচার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirurgija" title="Hirurgija – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hirurgija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirurgia" title="Cirurgia – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cirurgia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نەشتەرگەری – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەشتەرگەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgie" title="Chirurgie – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chirurgie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Хирурги – ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хирурги" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llawfeddygaeth" title="Llawfeddygaeth – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llawfeddygaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgi" title="Kirurgi – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kirurgi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgie" title="Chirurgie – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chirurgie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="शल्यचिकित्सा – ਡੋਟੇਲੀ" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="शल्यचिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="ਡੋਟੇਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Χειρουργική – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χειρουργική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Surgery" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgio" title="Kirurgio – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kirurgio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirug%C3%ADa" title="Cirugía – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cirugía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgia" title="Kirurgia – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirurgia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgia" title="Kirurgia – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kirurgia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="جراحی – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جراحی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgia" title="Kirurgia – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirurgia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgia" title="Kirurgia – ਵੋਰੋ" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kirurgia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਰੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veisele" title="Veisele – ਫ਼ਿਜ਼ੀ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Veisele" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਿਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgie" title="Chirurgie – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chirurgie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1inliacht" title="Máinliacht – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Máinliacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirurx%C3%ADa" title="Cirurxía – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cirurxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="כירורגיה – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כירורגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="शल्यचिकित्सा – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शल्यचिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgija" title="Kirurgija – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kirurgija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seb%C3%A9szet" title="Sebészet – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sebészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վիրաբուժություն – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիրաբուժություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgia" title="Chirurgia – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chirurgia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedah" title="Bedah – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bedah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgio" title="Kirurgio – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kirurgio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppskur%C3%B0ur" title="Uppskurður – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Uppskurður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgia" title="Chirurgia – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chirurgia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="外科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedhah" title="Bedhah – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bedhah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქირურგია – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქირურგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yas%CA%8A%CA%8A_t%CA%8Am%C9%A9y%C9%9B_(Chirurgie)" title="Yasʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ (Chirurgie) – ਕਾਬੀਏ" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Yasʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ (Chirurgie)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਬੀਏ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хирургия – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хирургия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ – ਕੰਨੜ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಸ್ತ್ರಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ਕੰਨੜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%B8%EA%B3%BC" title="외과 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="외과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%9Fterger%C3%AE" title="Niştergerî – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Niştergerî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хирургия – ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хирургия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgia" title="Chirurgia – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chirurgia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirurjia" title="Sirurjia – ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sirurjia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgie" title="Chirurgie – ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chirurgie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerusia" title="Cerusia – ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cerusia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgija" title="Chirurgija – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chirurgija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6irur%C4%A3ija" title="Ķirurģija – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķirurģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хирургий – ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Хирургий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badah" title="Badah – ਮਿਨਾਂਗਕਾਬਾਓ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Badah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਨਾਂਗਕਾਬਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хирургија – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хирургија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ശസ്ത്രക്രിയ – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശസ്ത്രക്രിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мэс засал – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мэс засал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="शल्यचिकित्सा – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शल्यचिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembedahan" title="Pembedahan – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembedahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="ခွဲစိတ်ကုပညာ – ਬਰਮੀ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခွဲစိတ်ကုပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ਬਰਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgie" title="Chirurgie – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chirurgie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="शल्यक्रिया – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शल्यक्रिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="शल्यचिकित्सा – ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शल्यचिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgie" title="Chirurgie – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chirurgie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgi" title="Kirurgi – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kirurgi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgi" title="Kirurgi – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kirurgi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirurgia" title="Cirurgia – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cirurgia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="शल्यचिकित्सा – ਪਾਲੀ" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="शल्यचिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="ਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgia" title="Chirurgia – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chirurgia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A" title="جراحي – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جراحي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirurgia" title="Cirurgia – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cirurgia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa_kuchuy" title="Runa kuchuy – ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Runa kuchuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgie" title="Chirurgie – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chirurgie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хирургия – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хирургия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="शल्यचिकित्सा – ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शल्यचिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurg%C3%ACa" title="Chirurgìa – ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chirurgìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgija" title="Kirurgija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kirurgija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="ශල්‍යවේදය – ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශල්‍යවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Surgery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurgia" title="Chirurgia – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chirurgia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgija" title="Kirurgija – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kirurgija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgjia" title="Kirurgjia – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kirurgjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хирургија – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хирургија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirurgi" title="Kirurgi – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kirurgi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upasuaji" title="Upasuaji – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Upasuaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="அறுவைச் சிகிச்சை – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அறுவைச் சிகிச்சை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8" title="శస్త్ర చికిత్స – ਤੇਲਗੂ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శస్త్ర చికిత్స" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ਤੇਲਗੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ศัลยศาสตร์ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศัลยศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pag-oopera" title="Pag-oopera – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pag-oopera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerrahi" title="Cerrahi – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cerrahi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хірургія – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хірургія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA" title="جراحت – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جراحت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarrohlik" title="Jarrohlik – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jarrohlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirurzia" title="Chirurzia – ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Chirurzia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo%E1%BA%A1i_khoa" title="Ngoại khoa – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngoại khoa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siruhiya" title="Siruhiya – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Siruhiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="外科学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="כירורגיע – ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כירורגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="外科学" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਦਿੱਖ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Surgeons_at_Work.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Surgeons_at_Work.jpg/220px-Surgeons_at_Work.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Surgeons_at_Work.jpg/330px-Surgeons_at_Work.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Surgeons_at_Work.jpg/440px-Surgeons_at_Work.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption>ਸਰਜਨ ਨੇ ਇੱਕ ਆਦਮੀ ਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਫਟੇ ਹੋਏ ਅਚਿਲਜ਼ ਟੈਂਡਨ ਦੀ ਮੁਰੰਮਤ ਕੀਤੀ<br /></figcaption></figure> <p><b>ਸਰਜਰੀ</b> (ਅੰਗ੍ਰੇਜ਼ੀ: <b>Surgery</b>; ਲਾਤੀਨੀ: chirurgiae, ਭਾਵ "ਹੱਥ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ") ਇੱਕ ਮੈਡੀਕਲ ਸਪੈਸ਼ਲਿਟੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਸਵਿੱਚ ਰੋਗੀ ਤੇ ਸਰੀਰਿਕ ਫੰਕਸ਼ਨ ਜਾਂ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਧਾਰਣ ਲਈ ਰੋਗ ਦੀ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬਿਮਾਰੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬਿਮਾਰੀ</a> ਜਾਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੱਟ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੱਟ</a> ਵਰਗੀਆਂ ਬਿਮਾਰੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਾਂਚ ਕਰਨ ਜਾਂ ਇਲਾਜ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਜਾਂ ਮਰੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਣਚਾਹੇ ਫਟੇ ਹੋਏ ਅੰਗਾ ਦੀ ਮੁਰੰਮਤ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਆਪਰੇਟਿਵ ਮੈਨੂਅਲ ਅਤੇ ਸਹਾਇਕ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ।  </p><p>ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦੀ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਨੂੰ "ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆ", "<b>ਆਪਰੇਸ਼ਨ</b>", ਜਾਂ ਬਸ "<b>ਸਰਜਰੀ</b>" ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਸੰਦਰਭ ਵਿੱਚ, ਕ੍ਰਿਆ "ਓਪਰੇਟ" ਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸਰਜਰੀ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ "ਸਰਜੀਕਲ" ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ; ਉਦਾ. ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਯੰਤਰਾਂ ਜਾਂ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਨਰਸ। ਮਰੀਜ਼ ਜਾਂ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ 'ਤੇ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਉਹ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਜਾਂ ਜਾਨਵਰ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। <b>ਸਰਜਨ</b> ਸਰਜਰੀ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ ਇੱਕ ਡਾਕਟਰ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਕ ਸਰਜਨ ਦੇ ਸਹਾਇਕ ਇੱਕ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਦਾ ਅਭਿਆਸ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਟੀਮ ਸਰਜਨ, ਸਰਜਨ ਦੇ ਸਹਾਇਕ, ਅਨੱਸਥੀਸੀਆ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਤਾ, ਸੰਚਾਰ ਕਰਵਾਈ ਨਰਸ ਅਤੇ ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਤਕਨਾਲੋਜਿਸਟ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਬਣੀ ਹੈ। ਸਰਜਰੀ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਮਿੰਟਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਘੰਟਿਆਂ ਤੱਕ ਦੀ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਇਹ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ' ਤੇ ਚੱਲ ਰਹੇ ਜਾਂ ਸਮੇਂ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਕਿਸਮ ਦਾ ਇਲਾਜ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ। ਸ਼ਬਦ "ਸਰਜਰੀ" ਉਹ ਥਾਂ ਦਾ ਸੰਦਰਭ ਵੀ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜਾਂ, ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਅੰਗ੍ਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਵਿਚ, ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਇਕ ਡਾਕਟਰ<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, ਦੰਦਾਂ ਦਾ ਡਾਕਟਰ ਜਾਂ ਪਸ਼ੂਆਂ ਦਾ ਡਾਕਟਰ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਰਜਰੀ_ਦੀਆਂ_ਕਿਸਮਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.82_.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਅਤਿਕਾਤਾ, ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆ ਦੀ ਕਿਸਮ, ਸਰੀਰਿਕ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ, ਅਸਹਿਣਸ਼ੀਲਤਾ ਦੀ ਡਿਗਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਸਾਜ਼-ਸਾਮਾਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਬੱਧ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ<b>।</b> </p> <ul><li><b>ਸਮੇਂ</b> <b>ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ 'ਤੇ:</b> ਅਚਾਨਕ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਜਾਨਸ਼ੀਨ-ਧਮਕੀ ਵਾਲੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਠੀਕ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਅਤੇ ਮਰੀਜ਼ ਦੀ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਤੇ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਸਰਜਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਸਹੂਲਤ ਦੀ ਉਪਲਬਧਤਾ ਦੇ ਅਧੀਨ। ਇਕ ਅਰਧ-ਚੋਣਵੀਂ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਉਹ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਸਥਾਈ ਅਯੋਗਤਾ ਜਾਂ ਮੌਤ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਣ ਲਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਥੋੜੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਲਈ ਮੁਲਤਵੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ। ਐਮਰਜੈਂਸੀ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਓਪਰੇਸ਼ਨ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਜੀਵਨ, ਅੰਗ, ਜਾਂ ਕਾਰਜਸ਼ੀਲ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਨੂੰ ਬਚਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਤੁਰੰਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ।<br /></li> <li><b>ਉਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ ਤੇ</b>: ਕਿਸੇ ਖੋਜ ਦੀ ਪੁਸ਼ਟੀ ਕਰਨ ਜਾਂ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਲਾਜ ਦੀ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਤਸ਼ਖ਼ੀਸ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਮੰਨਦੀ ਹੈ। ਕੋਸਮੈਟਿਕ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਆਮ ਢਾਂਚੇ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਧਾਰਨ ਲਈ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।<br /></li> <li><b>ਕਾਰਜ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ ਤੇ:</b> ਐਂਟੀਪਟੇਸ਼ਨ ਵਿਚ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਕੱਟਣਾ, ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਇਕ ਅੰਗ ਜਾਂ ਅੰਕ; castration ਇੱਕ ਉਦਾਹਰਣ ਹੈ। ਘੁਸਪੈਠ ਇਕ ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਅੰਗ ਜਾਂ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਹਟਾਉਣਾ ਹੈ, ਜਾਂ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਅੰਗ ਜਾਂ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਖ ਹਿੱਸੇ (ਫੇਫੜੇ ਦੀ ਲੋਬੀ; ਜਿਗਰ ਕਵੇਰਡੈਂਟ) ਦਾ ਅੰਗ ਜਿਸਦਾ ਆਪਣਾ ਨਾਮ ਜਾਂ ਕੋਡ ਅਹੁਦਾ ਹੈ ਰੀਪਲੇਟੇਸ਼ਨ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੈ।ਟਰਾਂਸਪਲਾਂਟ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ (ਜਾਂ ਜਾਨਵਰ) ਤੋਂ ਦੂਜੇ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਗੀ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਮਿਲਤ ਕਰਕੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਅੰਗ ਜਾਂ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲਣ ਦੀ ਹੈ। ਟਰਾਂਸਪਲਾਂਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਲਈ ਕਿਸੇ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਜਾਨਵਰ ਜਾਂ ਜਾਨਵਰ ਤੋਂ ਅੰਗ ਜਾਂ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਹਟਾਉਣਾ ਇੱਕ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦੀ ਕਿਸਮ ਵੀ ਹੈ।</li> <li><b>ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਅੰਗ ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ ਤੇ</b>: ਜਦੋਂ ਇਕ ਅੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਜਾਂ ਢਾਂਚੇ ਤੇ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਅੰਗ, ਅੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਜਾਂ ਟਿਸ਼ੂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਉਦਾਹਰਣਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਿਲ ਦੀ ਸਰਜਰੀ (ਦਿਲ ਤੇ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ), ਗੈਸਟਰੋਇੰਟੇਸਟਾਈਨਲ ਸਰਜਰੀ (ਪਾਚਨ ਟ੍ਰੈਕਟ ਅਤੇ ਉਸਦੇ ਸਹਾਇਕ ਅੰਗਾਂ ਅੰਦਰ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ), ਅਤੇ ਆਰਥੋਪੈਡਿਕ ਸਰਜਰੀ (ਹੱਡੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਮਾਸਪੇਸ਼ੀਆਂ ਤੇ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ) ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ।<br /></li> <li><b>ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਅਸੀਮਤਾ ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ ਤੇ:</b> ਘਟੀਆ-ਹਮਲਾਵਰ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਛੋਟੀਆਂ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਚੀਰਾਵਾਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਲਾਪਰੋਸਕੋਪਿਕ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਜਾਂ ਐਂਜੀਓਪਲਾਸਟੀ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੇ ਗਲੇ ਜਾਂ ਢਾਂਚੇ ਦੇ ਅੰਦਰ ਥੋੜ੍ਹੇ ਜਿਹੇ ਆਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਸਾਧਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਮਿਲਿਤ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਉਲਟ, ਇੱਕ ਖੁੱਲੀ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਲਾਪਰੋੋਟਮੀ ਲਈ ਵਿਆਜ ਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਨੂੰ ਐਕਸੈਸ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵੱਡੀ ਚੀਰ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ।<br /></li> <li><b>ਵਰਤੇ ਗਏ ਸਾਜ਼-ਸਾਮਾਨ ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ ਤੇ:</b> ਲੇਜ਼ਰ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਕਾਲਪੀਲ ਜਾਂ ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਮਾਨ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ ਤੇ ਟਿਸ਼ੂ ਕੱਟਣ ਲਈ ਕਿਸੇ ਲੇਜ਼ਰ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਮਾਈਕ੍ਰੋਸੁਰਜਰੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਰਜਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਛੋਟੇ ਢਾਂਚੇ ਦੇਖਣ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਓਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਾਈਕ੍ਰੋਸਕੋਪ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਾਈਕ੍ਰੋਸਕੋਪ</a> ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। <b>ਰੋਬਿਟ ਸਰਜਰੀ</b> ਸਰਜਨ ਦੇ ਨਿਰਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਅਧੀਨ ਇੰਸਟਰੂਮੈਂਟੇਸ਼ਨ ਨੂੰ ਕੰਟਰੋਲ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਰੋਬੋਟ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਦਾ ਵਿੰਚੀ ਜਾਂ ਜਿਉਸ ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਸਿਸਟਮ।<br /></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਭਾਰਤ_ਅਤੇ_ਚੀਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.AD.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A4_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.9A.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਚੀਨ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਚੀਨ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Shushrut_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Shushrut_statue.jpg/200px-Shushrut_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Shushrut_statue.jpg/300px-Shushrut_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Shushrut_statue.jpg/400px-Shushrut_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>ਸੁਸਰੂਤਾ ਸੰਠਾ ਦਾ ਲੇਖਕ ਸੁਸ਼ੁਤਤਾ, ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦੇ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਗ੍ਰੰਥਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਹੈ<br /></figcaption></figure> <p>ਸਿੰਧ ਘਾਟੀ ਸਭਿਅਤਾ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਹੜੱਪਨ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ (c.3300 ਈ.) ਦੰਦਾਂ ਦਾ ਸਬੂਤ 9000 ਸਾਲ ਦੀ ਮਿਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਧਾਰੀ ਗਈ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>ਸੁਸੂਤਤਾ ਇਕ ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਸਰਜਨ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਲੇਖਕ ਸੁਸ਼ਰੂਤ ਸੰਠਾ ਦਾ ਲੇਖਕ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਉਸ ਨੂੰ "ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦਾ ਬਾਨੀ ਪਿਤਾ" ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ 1200-600 ਬੀ.ਸੀ. ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿਚ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਨਾਮ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਨਾਂ ਬੋਵਰ ਮੈਨੁਸਕਪਟ ਹੈ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਸੁਸ਼ੂਤਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਹਿਮਾਲਿਆ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ 10 ਸੰਤਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਇਕ ਵਿਚ ਦਰਜ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-singhguide_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singhguide-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਟੈਕਸਟਸ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਸੁਝਾਅ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਉਸਨੇ ਕਾਸ਼ੀ ਵਿਖੇ ਹਿੰਦੂ ਮਿਥਿਹਾਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਵਾਈ ਦੇ ਦੇਵਯੋਗ ਭਗਵਾਨ ਧੰਨਵੰਤਰੀ ਤੋਂ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਿਖਲਾਈ ਲਈ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-Kutumbian,_pages_XXXII–XXXIII_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kutumbian,_pages_XXXII–XXXIII-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਇਹ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਣਾ ਸਰਜੀਕਲ ਪਾਠਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਭਿੰਨ ਬਿਮਾਰੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰੀਖਣ, ਨਿਦਾਨ, ਇਲਾਜ ਅਤੇ ਪੂਰਵਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਸਥਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਿਆਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ, ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਕਾਰਤੂਸਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਰਜਰੀ, ਪਲਾਸਟਿਕ ਸਰਜਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਰਹੈਨੋਪਲਾਸਟੀ ਦੇ ਵੱਖ ਵੱਖ ਰੂਪਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕਰਨ ਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆ।<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਨੋਟਸ_ਅਤੇ_ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.9F.E0.A8.B8_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਨੋਟਸ ਅਤੇ ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਨੋਟਸ ਅਤੇ ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210062151/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/doctors-surgery">"Doctor's surgery"</a>. Collins English Dictionary. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/doctors-surgery">the original</a> on 10 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doctor%27s+surgery&rft.pub=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fdoctors-surgery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422144638/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4882968.stm">"Stone age man used dentist drill"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 April 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4882968.stm">the original</a> on 22 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Stone+age+man+used+dentist+drill&rft.date=2006-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F4882968.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_news" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monier-Williams, <i>A Sanskrit Dictionary</i> (1899)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singhguide-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-singhguide_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSinghPravin_S._Rana2002" class="citation book cs1">Singh, P.B.; Pravin S. Rana (2002). <i>Banaras Region: A Spiritual and Cultural Guide</i>. Varanasi: Indica Books. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/81-86569-24-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/81-86569-24-3"><bdi>81-86569-24-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banaras+Region%3A+A+Spiritual+and+Cultural+Guide&rft.place=Varanasi&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Indica+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=81-86569-24-3&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=P.B.&rft.au=Pravin+S.+Rana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kutumbian,_pages_XXXII–XXXIII-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kutumbian,_pages_XXXII–XXXIII_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kutumbian, pages XXXII–XXXIII</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier-Williams">Monier-Williams</a>, <i>A Sanskrit Dictionary</i>, s.v. "suśruta"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2002;volume=48;issue=1;spage=76;epage=8;aulast=Rana">History of plastic surgery in India. Rana RE, Arora BS, – J Postgrad Med</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301014540/http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2002;volume=48;issue=1;spage=76;epage=8;aulast=Rana">Archived</a> 1 March 2009 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਸਰਜਰੀ&oldid=444579">https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਸਰਜਰੀ&oldid=444579</a>" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ">ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">ਲੁਕਵੀਂਆਂ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਸੋਧ 24 ਸਤੰਬਰ 2018 ਨੂੰ 03:19 ਵਜੇ ਹੋਈ।</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ਇਹ ਲਿਖਤ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0</a> ਦੇ ਤਹਿਤ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ; 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