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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Рифей – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рифей" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riph%C3%A9en" title="Riphéen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Riphéen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="リフェアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リフェアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifey" title="Rifey – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rifey" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryfej" title="Ryfej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ryfej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Рифей (геохронологический период) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рифей (геохронологический период)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Рифей – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Рифей" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Рифей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рифей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;background:lightgrey;">Riphean</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">1600 – 600 <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; font-size:small; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,192,141); left:220.50773980251px; width:15.703916975018px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,197,202); left:236.21165677753px; width:10.175705559083px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(242,249,29); left:246.38736233661px; width:3.6126376633897px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(154,217,221); left:220.50773980251px; width:29.492260197491px;"><a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic"><span style="color:black;">Pha.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,67,112); left:113.15766426554px; width:49.263240864406px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,180,98); left:162.42090512995px; width:32.84216057627px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,179,66); left:195.26306570622px; width:25.244674096293px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,53,99); left:113.15766426554px; width:107.35007553697px;"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic"><span style="color:black;">Proterozoic</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(218,3,127); left:29.355417861756px; width:23.591618680621px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(244,68,159); left:52.947036542377px; width:21.894773717514px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,104,169); left:74.841810259891px; width:21.894773717514px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(249,155,193); left:96.736583977405px; width:16.421080288135px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,4,127); left:29.355417861756px; width:83.802246403783px;"><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean"><span style="color:black;">Archean</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(174,2,126); left:0px; width:29.355417861756px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(174,2,126); left:0px; width:29.355417861756px;"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean"><span style="color:white;">Had.</span></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:249px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:162.42090512995px; width:54.736934293784px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:162.42090512995px; width:54.736934293784px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:163.42090512995px; width:52.736934293784px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Usage information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Celestial body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Regional usage</th><td class="infobox-data">Regional</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time scale(s) used</th><td class="infobox-data">Siberian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Definition</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Chronological unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Age_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age (geology)">Age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Stratigraphic unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stage_(stratigraphy)" title="Stage (stratigraphy)">Stage</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_section_southern_Sibirian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cross_section_southern_Sibirian.jpg/220px-Cross_section_southern_Sibirian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cross_section_southern_Sibirian.jpg/330px-Cross_section_southern_Sibirian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cross_section_southern_Sibirian.jpg/440px-Cross_section_southern_Sibirian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4315" data-file-height="2773" /></a><figcaption>Geological cross-section of southern Siberia, showing Riphean rocks buried under at least 2 km of younger rocks</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Riphean</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Stage_(stratigraphy)" title="Stage (stratigraphy)">stage</a> or <a href="/wiki/Age_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age (geology)">age</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Geologic_timescale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic timescale">geologic timescale</a> from <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=1600–600">1,600 to 600</a> million years ago</span>. The name Riphean is used in the <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Stratigraphy" title="Stratigraphy">stratigraphy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fennoscandian_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Fennoscandian Shield">Fennoscandian Shield</a> in Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-Paulamäki2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paulamäki2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also used in a number of older international geologic timescales but, in the most recent timescales of the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>, it is replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Calymmian" title="Calymmian">Calymmian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ectasian" title="Ectasian">Ectasian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stenian" title="Stenian">Stenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian">Tonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian</a> periods of the <a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Mesoproterozoic</a> eras. </p><p>During the Riphean, there was a great increase in <a href="/wiki/Stromatolite" title="Stromatolite">stromatolite</a> diversity, possibly related to the appearance of eukaryotes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word 'Riphean' comes from the ancient name "<a href="/wiki/Riphean_Mountains" title="Riphean Mountains">Riphean Mountains</a>", sometimes identified with the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>. </p><p>The Riphean has been divided by geologists into the Early Riphean (1600–1400 Ma), Middle Riphean (1400–1000 Ma) and Late Riphean (1000–600 Ma) subdivisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Paulamäki2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paulamäki2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PrecambUSSR1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrecambUSSR1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 1102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 1100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proterozoic_(Russian_stratigraphic_scale_in_English).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian timescale for Proterozoic. Riphean and its subdivisions are in brown."><img alt="Russian timescale for Proterozoic. Riphean and its subdivisions are in brown." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Proterozoic_%28Russian_stratigraphic_scale_in_English%29.png/1650px-Proterozoic_%28Russian_stratigraphic_scale_in_English%29.png" decoding="async" width="1100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Proterozoic_%28Russian_stratigraphic_scale_in_English%29.png/2475px-Proterozoic_%28Russian_stratigraphic_scale_in_English%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Proterozoic_%28Russian_stratigraphic_scale_in_English%29.png/3300px-Proterozoic_%28Russian_stratigraphic_scale_in_English%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4131" data-file-height="289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian timescale for Proterozoic. Riphean and its subdivisions are in brown.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riphean_(stage)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jotnian" title="Jotnian">Jotnian</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riphean_(stage)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Paulamäki2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paulamäki2006_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paulamäki2006_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaulamäki,_S._and_Kuivamäki,_A.2006" class="citation book cs1">Paulamäki, S. and Kuivamäki, A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180227034313/http://www.posiva.fi/files/419/WR2006-43web.pdf"><i>Depositional History and Tectonic Regimes within and in the Margins of the Fennoscandian Shield During the Last 1300 Million Years</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Posiva Oy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.posiva.fi/files/419/WR2006-43web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Depositional+History+and+Tectonic+Regimes+within+and+in+the+Margins+of+the+Fennoscandian+Shield+During+the+Last+1300+Million+Years&rft.pub=Posiva+Oy&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Paulam%C3%A4ki%2C+S.+and+Kuivam%C3%A4ki%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.posiva.fi%2Ffiles%2F419%2FWR2006-43web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiphean+%28stage%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAwramik1991" class="citation book cs1">Awramik, Stanley (1991). <i>Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites: Archaean and Proterozoic Stromatolites</i>. Springer. pp. 289–304.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calcareous+Algae+and+Stromatolites%3A+Archaean+and+Proterozoic+Stromatolites&rft.pages=289-304&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Awramik&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiphean+%28stage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PrecambUSSR1993-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PrecambUSSR1993_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRundqvist,_D.V._and_Mitrofanov,_F.P._(editors)1993" class="citation book cs1">Rundqvist, D.V. and Mitrofanov, F.P. (editors) (1993). <i>Precambrian Geology of the USSR</i>. p. 181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Precambrian+Geology+of+the+USSR&rft.pages=181&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Rundqvist%2C+D.V.+and+Mitrofanov%2C+F.P.+%28editors%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiphean+%28stage%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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