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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Presidency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Academic career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Micheline Calmy-Rey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="ميشلين كالمي راي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميشلين كالمي راي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96-%D0%A0%D1%8D" title="Мішлін Кальмі-Рэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мішлін Кальмі-Рэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96-%D0%A0%D1%8D" title="Мішлін Кальмі-Рэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мішлін Кальмі-Рэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmyov%C3%A1-Reyov%C3%A1" title="Micheline Calmyová-Reyová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Micheline Calmyová-Reyová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%AF-%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%B9" title="Μισλίν Καλμί-Ρέι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μισλίν Καλμί-Ρέι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="میشلین کلمی-ری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میشلین کلمی-ری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%90%EB%A6%B0_%EC%B9%BC%EB%AF%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4" title="미슐린 칼미레이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미슐린 칼미레이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%AB-%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Միշելին Կալմի-Ռեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միշելին Կալմի-Ռեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99-%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מישלין קלמי-רה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מישלין קלמי-רה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="მიშლინ კალმი-რე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიშლინ კალმი-რე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelina_Calmy-Rey" title="Michaelina Calmy-Rey – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michaelina Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89" title="ميشلين كالمى راى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميشلين كالمى راى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Мишлин Кальми-Рэй – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мишлин Кальми-Рэй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4" title="ミシュリン・カルミー＝レイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミシュリン・カルミー＝レイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D0%A0%D0%B5,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кальми-Ре, Мишлин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кальми-Ре, Мишлин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D0%A0%D0%B5" title="Мишлен Калми-Ре – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мишлен Калми-Ре" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96-%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Мішлін Кальмі-Рей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мішлін Кальмі-Рей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheline_Calmy-Rey" title="Micheline Calmy-Rey – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Micheline Calmy-Rey" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Micheline Calmy-Rey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Micheline_Calmy-Rey_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Micheline_Calmy-Rey_2011.jpg/220px-Micheline_Calmy-Rey_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Micheline_Calmy-Rey_2011.jpg/330px-Micheline_Calmy-Rey_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Micheline_Calmy-Rey_2011.jpg/440px-Micheline_Calmy-Rey_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of Switzerland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 2011 – 31 December 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Doris Leuthard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eveline_Widmer-Schlumpf" title="Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf">Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 2007 – 31 December 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pascal Couchepin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Leuenberger" title="Moritz Leuenberger">Moritz Leuenberger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Couchepin" title="Pascal Couchepin">Pascal Couchepin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Vice President of Switzerland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 November 2010 – 31 December 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Doris Leuthard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Leuenberger" title="Moritz Leuenberger">Moritz Leuenberger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eveline_Widmer-Schlumpf" title="Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf">Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 2006 – 31 December 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Leuenberger" title="Moritz Leuenberger">Moritz Leuenberger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Moritz Leuenberger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Couchepin" title="Pascal Couchepin">Pascal Couchepin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Head of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Federal Department of Foreign Affairs">Department of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 2003 – 31 December 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Deiss" title="Joseph Deiss">Joseph Deiss</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Burkhalter" title="Didier Burkhalter">Didier Burkhalter</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Federal_Council" title="List of members of the Swiss Federal Council">Member of the Swiss Federal Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 2003 – 31 December 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dreifuss" title="Ruth Dreifuss">Ruth Dreifuss</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Alain Berset</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1945-07-08</span>) </span>8 July 1945<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 79)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">André Calmy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Institute_of_International_and_Development_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies">Graduate Institute of International Studies</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Micheline Anne-Marie Calmy-Rey</b> (born 8 July 1945) is a Swiss politician who served as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Federal_Council" title="List of members of the Swiss Federal Council">Member of the Swiss Federal Council</a> from 2003 to 2011. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a> (SP/PS), she was the head of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Federal Department of Foreign Affairs">Federal Department of Foreign Affairs</a> during her tenure as a Federal Councillor. She was <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Swiss Confederation</a> twice, in 2007 and 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calmy-Rey was born in <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Valais">canton of Valais</a> on 8 July 1945 to Charles and Adeline Rey. She received her diploma in 1963 in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice,_Switzerland" title="Saint-Maurice, Switzerland">Saint-Maurice</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence">licence</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Institute_of_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate Institute of International Studies">Graduate Institute of International Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, in 1968. While studying she married André Calmy; they have two children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calmy-Rey established a small enterprise in the book distribution business. From 1981 to 1997 Calmy-Rey served as a representative in the Grand Conseil of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">canton of Geneva</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party (PSS/SPS)</a>, and was president of the assembly during 1992–1993. She was president of the Geneva section of the party from 1986 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1997. In 1997, Calmy-Rey was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27Etat_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'Etat (Switzerland)">Conseil d'Etat</a> of Geneva. In 2001, she became head of the finance department and president of the Conseil d'Etat of the canton.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was elected on 4 December 2002 to the Federal Council, heading the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2011. Calmy-Rey is the fourth woman elected to the Federal Council in history. She was also elected Vice-President of Switzerland, a post she held for the calendar year of 2006 and the calendar year of 2010. </p><p>Calmy-Rey supports Switzerland joining the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and she is an Eminent Member of the <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Vieira_de_Mello_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergio Vieira de Mello Foundation">Sergio Vieira de Mello Foundation</a>. The project <a href="/wiki/SAFFA#Saffa_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="SAFFA"><i>SAFFA 2020</i></a> is also under her patronage and of the councillors (<i>Bundesrat</i>) <a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Doris Leuthard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simonetta_Sommaruga" title="Simonetta Sommaruga">Simonetta Sommaruga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eveline_Widmer-Schlumpf" title="Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf">Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2020-patronat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020-patronat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2016, Calmy-Rey has been a member of the board of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Leadership_Foundation" title="Global Leadership Foundation">Global Leadership Foundation</a> (chaired by <a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a>), an organisation that works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organisation composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with heads of government on governance-related issues of concern to them. </p><p>She is a member of the board Geneva of GESDA (Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2011-H25P.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2011-H25P.jpg/220px-Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2011-H25P.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2011-H25P.jpg/330px-Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2011-H25P.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2011-H25P.jpg/440px-Bundesrat_der_Schweiz_2011-H25P.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1819" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption>2011 Swiss Federal Council</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 January 2007, Calmy-Rey became the second female president of the Confederation in history, the first having been her predecessor on the Federal Council, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dreifuss" title="Ruth Dreifuss">Ruth Dreifuss</a>. She was elected as president on 13 December 2006 by 147 votes. However, by Swiss tradition, it was a foregone conclusion she would be elected. She had been the longest-serving councillor not to have been president, and had served as vice-president for 2006. </p><p>As President of the Confederation, she presided over meetings of the Federal Council and carried out certain representative functions that would normally be handled by a <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> in other democracies, (though in Switzerland, the Federal Council as a whole is regarded as the head of state). She was also the highest-ranking official in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_order_of_precedence" title="Swiss order of precedence">Swiss order of precedence</a>, and had the power to act on behalf of the whole Council in emergency situations. However, in most cases she was merely <i><a href="/wiki/Prima_inter_pares" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima inter pares">prima inter pares</a></i>, with no power above and beyond her six colleagues. </p><p>She had already handled most official visits abroad since being elected to the Federal Council; the head of the Department of Foreign Affairs traditionally carries out such visits. </p><p>Calmy-Rey was chosen as vice president for 2010, serving alongside <a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Doris Leuthard</a>. On 8 December 2010, she was chosen, for the second time, as president for 2011 (by 106 votes out of 189, this being the smallest margin in Swiss history) – the first time two women held the post in succession. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_meets_with_foreign_ministers_in_Istanbul_4-6-09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Barack_Obama_meets_with_foreign_ministers_in_Istanbul_4-6-09.JPG/220px-Barack_Obama_meets_with_foreign_ministers_in_Istanbul_4-6-09.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Barack_Obama_meets_with_foreign_ministers_in_Istanbul_4-6-09.JPG/330px-Barack_Obama_meets_with_foreign_ministers_in_Istanbul_4-6-09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Barack_Obama_meets_with_foreign_ministers_in_Istanbul_4-6-09.JPG/440px-Barack_Obama_meets_with_foreign_ministers_in_Istanbul_4-6-09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2969" /></a><figcaption>Calmy-Rey speaks to United States President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, along with Turkish and Armenian foreign ministers.</figcaption></figure> <p>Calmy-Rey is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Women_World_Leaders" title="Council of Women World Leaders">Council of Women World Leaders</a>, an International network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development. </p><p>She announced in September 2011 that she would resign from the government in the following December.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2012 to 2013, Calmy-Rey was a member of the High-Level Advisory Council of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th Session of the United Nations General Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>'s then foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Jeremi%C4%87" title="Vuk Jeremić">Vuk Jeremić</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calmy-Rey is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Socialist party of Switzerland</a> and positions herself as pro-European. In February 2014 she stated that Switzerland should join the European Union to be included in the European political agenda on the continent.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, she expressed concerns about the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> impact on the European sovereignty, but recommended that Switzerland opened up to Great Britain as the two countries now faced the same configuration towards the European political power.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, Calmy-Rey joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> to condemn <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Middle East peace plan</a>, saying it would create an <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2012 Calmy-Rey was appointed as invited professor et the University of Geneva (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Studies_Institute_de_l%27Universit%C3%A9_de_Gen%C3%A8ve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Studies Institute de l'Université de Genève (page does not exist)">Global studies institute</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_assignments">Other assignments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marche_de_la_gr%C3%A8ve_des_femmes_%C3%A0_Gen%C3%A8ve,_14_juin_2019_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Marche_de_la_gr%C3%A8ve_des_femmes_%C3%A0_Gen%C3%A8ve%2C_14_juin_2019_01.jpg/220px-Marche_de_la_gr%C3%A8ve_des_femmes_%C3%A0_Gen%C3%A8ve%2C_14_juin_2019_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Marche_de_la_gr%C3%A8ve_des_femmes_%C3%A0_Gen%C3%A8ve%2C_14_juin_2019_01.jpg/330px-Marche_de_la_gr%C3%A8ve_des_femmes_%C3%A0_Gen%C3%A8ve%2C_14_juin_2019_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Marche_de_la_gr%C3%A8ve_des_femmes_%C3%A0_Gen%C3%A8ve%2C_14_juin_2019_01.jpg/440px-Marche_de_la_gr%C3%A8ve_des_femmes_%C3%A0_Gen%C3%A8ve%2C_14_juin_2019_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Micheline Calmy-Rey at the feminist Women's march June 14, 2019 in Geneva.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Member of the United Nations High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report of the panel was published in February 2012.</li> <li>Member of <span id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"></span>the United Nations High-Level Panel on Global Response to Health Crisis .<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report was published in January 2016.</li> <li>Mem<span id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"></span>bre of the council of the Global Leadership Foundation <span id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"></span>(<span id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"></span>GLF).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Membre du conseil de la fondation GESDA (Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator)<span id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"></span>.<span id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"></span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2011: Prix Diaspora for her role in the recognition of Kosovo independence<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: Medal of honour of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: Docteur honoris causa of the <a href="/wiki/International_University_in_Geneva" title="International University in Geneva">International University in Geneva</a><sup id="cite_ref-UNIGE_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNIGE-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014: Badge of the Order of Friendship in recognition of her contribution in the reinforcing of the friendship and cooperation between Russia and Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: Citizen of honour of the city of Viti, Kosovo.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, Calmy-Rey was "widely criticised" for putting on a headscarf to meet Iranian President <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> on 19 March 2008, even though it was acknowledged that she was simply following proper social protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Socialist MP <a href="/wiki/Liliane_Maury_Pasquier" title="Liliane Maury Pasquier">Liliane Maury Pasquier</a> agreed that the Swiss representant had to respect foreign protocols, this sparked a negative remark from Socialist MP <a href="/wiki/Maria_Roth-Bernasconi" title="Maria Roth-Bernasconi">Maria Roth-Bernasconi</a>. In response, Calmy-Rey stated that she was following protocol out of respect, and that had she not done so, she would not have been able to attend the meeting, which has been widely acknowledged.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calmy-Rey also prompted controversy by attending the signing of a multibillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> deal of a Swiss energy supply company with Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States had complained that Switzerland was sending the wrong message when Tehran was subject to UN sanctions. Calmy-Rey pointed out that gas exports were not subject to the UN sanctions. Both the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> government and international Jewish groups such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress" title="World Jewish Congress">World Jewish Congress</a> strongly criticised the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>« The Art and Science of Negotiations : "De–Politicizing and Technicizing Negotiations", in <i>WTO Accessions - The Upper Floors of the Trading System</i>, WTO & Cambridge University Press (in Druck).</li> <li>« Doktrin in globalen Kontext », in Konrad Hummler et Franz Jaeger, <i>Kleinstaat Schweiz – Auslauf- oder Erfolgsmodell?</i>, Zürich, NZZ Libro, 2017</li> <li><i>Die Schweiz, die ich uns wünsche.</i> Übersetzt aus dem Französischen von Irma Wehrli, mit einem Vorwort von Charles Lewinsky. Nagel & Kimche, Zürich 2014, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-312-00610-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-312-00610-6">978-3-312-00610-6</a>.</li> <li><i>La Suisse que je souhaite</i>. Lausanne, Éditions Favre, 2014</li> <li>« The Swiss Model », <i>Horizons</i>, Autumn 2014</li> <li>« Justice sociale et liberté politique selon Calvin : clarification et perspectives », <i>La Vie Protestante</i>, Genève 2010</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Skard, Torild (2014) "Micheline Calmy-Rey" in <i>Women of power - half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide</i>, Bristol: Policy Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44731-578-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44731-578-0">978-1-44731-578-0</a>, pp. 406-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jensen, Jane S. "Micheline Calmy-Rey" in <i>Women as political leaders: breaking the highest glass ceiling</i>, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-22338-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-22338-0">978-0-312-22338-0</a>, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020-patronat-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020-patronat_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223701/http://www.2020.ch/site/?page_id=13%3D">"Patronat"</a> (in German). 2020.ch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.2020.ch/site/?page_id=13=">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patronat&rft.pub=2020.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2020.ch%2Fsite%2F%3Fpage_id%3D13%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laliberte.ch/news-agence/detail/calmy-rey-rejoint-la-fondation-pour-renforcer-le-role-de-la-suisse/519799">"Calmy-Rey rejoint la fondation pour renforcer le rôle de la Suisse"</a>. <i>www.laliberte.ch</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.laliberte.ch&rft.atitle=Calmy-Rey+rejoint+la+fondation+pour+renforcer+le+r%C3%B4le+de+la+Suisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laliberte.ch%2Fnews-agence%2Fdetail%2Fcalmy-rey-rejoint-la-fondation-pour-renforcer-le-role-de-la-suisse%2F519799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ge.ch/document/designation-mme-micheline-calmy-rey-membre-du-conseil-fondation-gesda">"Désignation de Mme Micheline Calmy-Rey comme membre du Conseil de la fondation GESDA"</a>. <i>GE.CH – République et canton de Genève</i> (in French). 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GE.CH+%E2%80%93+R%C3%A9publique+et+canton+de+Gen%C3%A8ve&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9signation+de+Mme+Micheline+Calmy-Rey+comme+membre+du+Conseil+de+la+fondation+GESDA&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ge.ch%2Fdocument%2Fdesignation-mme-micheline-calmy-rey-membre-du-conseil-fondation-gesda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelocal.ch/1082/20110907/">"President Calmy-Rey to retire from government"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Calmy-Rey+to+retire+from+government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.ch%2F1082%2F20110907%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/ga/president/67/news/prstatements/February/ps25022013_2.shtml">President Jeremić attends a High-level Advisory Panel entitled: “The Future of the United Nations in a Changing World”</a>, United Nations, press release of 25 February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/5578155-micheline-calmy-rey-explique-pourquoi-la-suisse-devrait-integrer-l-ue.html">"Micheline Calmy-Rey explique pourquoi la Suisse devrait intégrer l'UE"</a>. <i>www.rts.ch</i> (in French). 2 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.rts.ch&rft.atitle=Micheline+Calmy-Rey+explique+pourquoi+la+Suisse+devrait+int%C3%A9grer+l%27UE&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.ch%2Finfo%2Fsuisse%2F5578155-micheline-calmy-rey-explique-pourquoi-la-suisse-devrait-integrer-l-ue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaure_Lugon2016" class="citation news cs1">Laure Lugon (24 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/2016/06/24/micheline-calmy-rey-suisse-ne-courir-bruxelles">"Micheline Calmy-Rey: "La Suisse ne doit pas courir à Bruxelles!"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.letemps.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.letemps.ch&rft.atitle=Micheline+Calmy-Rey%3A+%22La+Suisse+ne+doit+pas+courir+%C3%A0+Bruxelles%21%22&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft.au=Laure+Lugon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.letemps.ch%2Fsuisse%2F2016%2F06%2F24%2Fmicheline-calmy-rey-suisse-ne-courir-bruxelles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/27/grave-concern-about-us-plan-to-resolve-israel-palestine-conflict">Grave concern about US plan to resolve Israel-Palestine conflict</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, February 27, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/micheline-calmyrey-professeure-invite-luniversite-geneve">"Micheline Calmy-Rey professeure invité à l'Université de Genève"</a>. <i>Le Temps</i> (in French). 30 April 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1423-3967">1423-3967</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.org&rft.atitle=Secretary-General+Appoints+High-Level+Panel+on+Global+Response+to+Health+Crises+%7C+Meetings+Coverage+and+Press+Releases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F2015%2Fsga1558.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.g-l-f.org/MICHELINE-CALMY-REY">"g-l-f | Micheline Calmy-Rey"</a>. <i>www.g-l-f.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.g-l-f.org&rft.atitle=g-l-f+%7C+Micheline+Calmy-Rey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.g-l-f.org%2FMICHELINE-CALMY-REY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laliberte.ch/news-agence/detail/calmy-rey-rejoint-la-fondation-pour-renforcer-le-role-de-la-suisse/519799">"Calmy-Rey rejoint la fondation pour renforcer le rôle de la Suisse"</a>. <i>www.laliberte.ch</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.laliberte.ch&rft.atitle=Calmy-Rey+rejoint+la+fondation+pour+renforcer+le+r%C3%B4le+de+la+Suisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laliberte.ch%2Fnews-agence%2Fdetail%2Fcalmy-rey-rejoint-la-fondation-pour-renforcer-le-role-de-la-suisse%2F519799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/3579439-les-kosovars-de-suisse-remercient-m-calmy-rey.html">"Les Kosovars de Suisse remercient M. Calmy-Rey"</a> (in French). 11 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Kosovars+de+Suisse+remercient+M.+Calmy-Rey&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.ch%2Finfo%2Fsuisse%2F3579439-les-kosovars-de-suisse-remercient-m-calmy-rey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdg.ch/geneve/actu-genevoise/micheline-calmyrey-honoree-armenie/story/11332027">"Micheline Calmy-Rey honorée par l'Arménie"</a>. <i>Tribune de Genève</i> (in French). 23 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tribune+de+Gen%C3%A8ve&rft.atitle=Micheline+Calmy-Rey+honor%C3%A9e+par+l%27Arm%C3%A9nie&rft.date=2012-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdg.ch%2Fgeneve%2Factu-genevoise%2Fmicheline-calmyrey-honoree-armenie%2Fstory%2F11332027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNIGE-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNIGE_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unige.ch/gsi/fr/presentation/enseignants/professeurs/micheline-calmy-rey/">"Micheline Calmy-Rey - Global Studies Institute - UNIGE"</a>. <i>www.unige.ch</i> (in French). 27 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unige.ch&rft.atitle=Micheline+Calmy-Rey+-+Global+Studies+Institute+-+UNIGE&rft.date=2015-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unige.ch%2Fgsi%2Ffr%2Fpresentation%2Fenseignants%2Fprofesseurs%2Fmicheline-calmy-rey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFswissinfo.ch2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">swissinfo.ch, Frédéric Burnand (14 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/annexion-de-la-crim%C3%A9e_une-suisse-funambule-entre-occidentaux-et-russes/38163884">"Une Suisse funambule entre Occidentaux et Russes"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Une+Suisse+funambule+entre+Occidentaux+et+Russes&rft.date=2014-03-14&rft.aulast=swissinfo.ch&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Burnand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Ffre%2Fannexion-de-la-crim%25C3%25A9e_une-suisse-funambule-entre-occidentaux-et-russes%2F38163884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnand2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Burnand, Frédéric (14 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/politique/annexion-de-la-crim%C3%A9e_une-suisse-funambule-entre-occidentaux-et-russes/38163884">"Une Suisse funambule entre Occidentaux et Russes"</a>. <i>SWI swissinfo.ch</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Une+Suisse+funambule+entre+Occidentaux+et+Russes&rft.date=2014-03-14&rft.aulast=Burnand&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Ffre%2Fpolitique%2Fannexion-de-la-crim%25C3%25A9e_une-suisse-funambule-entre-occidentaux-et-russes%2F38163884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/8820139-l-ex-conseillere-federale-micheline-calmy-rey-honoree-au-kosovo.html">"L'ex-conseillère fédérale Micheline Calmy-Rey honorée au Kosovo"</a>. <i>www.rts.ch</i> (in French). <a href="/w/index.php?title=RTS_info&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTS info (page does not exist)">RTS info</a>. 3 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rts.ch&rft.atitle=L%27ex-conseill%C3%A8re+f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale+Micheline+Calmy-Rey+honor%C3%A9e+au+Kosovo&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.ch%2Finfo%2Fsuisse%2F8820139-l-ex-conseillere-federale-micheline-calmy-rey-honoree-au-kosovo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNefail_Maliqi2017" class="citation news cs1">Nefail Maliqi (12 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdg.ch/reflexions/micheline-calmyrey-trouve-asile-kosovo/story/20953743">"Micheline Calmy-Rey a trouvé "asile" au Kosovo"</a>. <i>www.tdg.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.tdg.ch&rft.atitle=Micheline+Calmy-Rey+a+trouv%C3%A9+%22asile%22+au+Kosovo&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft.au=Nefail+Maliqi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdg.ch%2Freflexions%2Fmicheline-calmyrey-trouve-asile-kosovo%2Fstory%2F20953743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7306621.stm">"Swiss minister sparks veil outcry"</a>. BBC News. 20 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Swiss+minister+sparks+veil+outcry&rft.date=2008-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7306621.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nancarrow-webdesk.com/warehouse/storage2/2008-w11/img.158261.html">Swiss Foreign Minister Micheline Calmy-Rey sits during a meeting with Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Tehran</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/recent/media/mcom/single.html?id=17831">http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/recent/media/mcom/single.html?id=17831</a> Swiss government press release on the natural gas agreement</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/jewish-group-slams-swiss-iran-gas-deal-u-s-questions-switzerlands-neutrality">"Jewish Group Slams Swiss-Iran Gas Deal; U.S. Questions Switzerland's Neutrality"</a>. <i>FoxNews</i> (in Dutch). 31 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FoxNews&rft.atitle=Jewish+Group+Slams+Swiss-Iran+Gas+Deal%3B+U.S.+Questions+Switzerland%27s+Neutrality&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fjewish-group-slams-swiss-iran-gas-deal-u-s-questions-switzerlands-neutrality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicheline+Calmy-Rey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micheline_Calmy-Rey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Micheline_Calmy-Rey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Micheline Calmy-Rey">Micheline Calmy-Rey</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/dfa/head.html">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/federal-council/members-of-the-federal-council/micheline-calmy-rey.html">Profile of Micheline Calmy-Rey</a> with election results on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start.html">website of the Swiss Federal Council</a>.</li> <li><i>Micheline Calmy-Rey</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D45202.php"><span title="Micheline Calmy-Rey in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F45202.php"><span title="Micheline Calmy-Rey in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I45202.php"><span title="Micheline Calmy-Rey in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dreifuss" title="Ruth Dreifuss">Ruth Dreifuss</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swiss_Federal_Council" title="List of members of the Swiss Federal Council">Member of the Swiss Federal Council</a> </b><br />2003–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Alain Berset</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Deiss" title="Joseph Deiss">Joseph Deiss</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Head of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Federal Department of Foreign Affairs">Department of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />2003–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Burkhalter" title="Didier Burkhalter">Didier Burkhalter</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Leuenberger" title="Moritz Leuenberger">Moritz Leuenberger</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Vice President of Switzerland </b><br />2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Couchepin" title="Pascal Couchepin">Pascal Couchepin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of Switzerland</a> </b><br />2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Vice President of Switzerland </b><br />2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eveline_Widmer-Schlumpf" title="Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf">Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Doris Leuthard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of Switzerland</a> </b><br />2011 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="Template:Presidents of the Swiss Confederation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Swiss Confederation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Swiss Confederation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation_(list)177" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Swiss Confederation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1848–1874</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Furrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Druey" title="Henri Druey">Druey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Munzinger" title="Josef Munzinger">Munzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Furrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Matthias_Naeff" title="Wilhelm Matthias Naeff">Naeff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Frey-Heros%C3%A9" title="Friedrich Frey-Herosé">Frey-Herosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Furrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Stämpfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Fornerod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Furrer" title="Jonas Furrer">Furrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Stämpfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Frey-Heros%C3%A9" title="Friedrich Frey-Herosé">Frey-Herosé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Martin_Kn%C3%BCsel" title="Josef Martin Knüsel">Knüsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_St%C3%A4mpfli" title="Jakob Stämpfli">Stämpfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Fornerod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Dubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Martin_Kn%C3%BCsel" title="Josef Martin Knüsel">Knüsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Fornerod" title="Constant Fornerod">Fornerod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Dubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Dubs" title="Jakob Dubs">Dubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9r%C3%A9sole" title="Paul Cérésole">Cérésole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland"><img alt="Coat of arms of Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1875–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Scherer" title="Johann Jakob Scherer">Scherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Heer" title="Joachim Heer">Heer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Hammer" title="Bernhard Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Droz" title="Numa Droz">Droz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Bavier" title="Simeon Bavier">Bavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ruchonnet" title="Louis Ruchonnet">Ruchonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Deucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Droz" title="Numa Droz">Droz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hertenstein" title="Wilhelm Hertenstein">Hertenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Hammer" title="Bernhard Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ruchonnet" title="Louis Ruchonnet">Ruchonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Welti" title="Emil Welti">Welti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hauser" title="Walter Hauser">Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schenk" title="Karl Schenk">Schenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Frey" title="Emil Frey">Frey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Zemp" title="Josef Zemp">Zemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Lachenal" title="Adrien Lachenal">Lachenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Deucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ruffy" title="Eugène Ruffy">Ruffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%BCller_(Swiss_politician)" title="Eduard Müller (Swiss politician)">Müller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1900–1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hauser" title="Walter Hauser">Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Brenner" title="Ernst Brenner">Brenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Zemp" title="Josef Zemp">Zemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Deucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Comtesse" title="Robert Comtesse">Comtesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Emile_Ruchet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc-Emile Ruchet">Ruchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Forrer" title="Ludwig Forrer">Forrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%BCller_(Swiss_politician)" title="Eduard Müller (Swiss politician)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Brenner" title="Ernst Brenner">Brenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Deucher" title="Adolf Deucher">Deucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Comtesse" title="Robert Comtesse">Comtesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Emile_Ruchet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc-Emile Ruchet">Ruchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Forrer" title="Ludwig Forrer">Forrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%BCller_(Swiss_politician)" title="Eduard Müller (Swiss politician)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hoffmann_(politician)" title="Arthur Hoffmann (politician)">Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Decoppet" title="Camille Decoppet">Decoppet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Schulthess" title="Edmund Schulthess">Schulthess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Calonder" title="Felix Calonder">Calonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Ador" title="Gustave Ador">Ador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Schulthess" title="Edmund Schulthess">Schulthess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Haab" title="Robert Haab">Haab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Scheurer" title="Karl Scheurer">Scheurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Chuard" title="Ernest Chuard">Chuard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1925–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Musy" title="Jean-Marie Musy">Musy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin">Häberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Schulthess" title="Edmund Schulthess">Schulthess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Haab" title="Robert Haab">Haab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Musy" title="Jean-Marie Musy">Musy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_H%C3%A4berlin" title="Heinrich Häberlin">Häberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Schulthess" title="Edmund Schulthess">Schulthess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pilet-Golaz" title="Marcel Pilet-Golaz">Pilet-Golaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Minger" title="Rudolf Minger">Minger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Meyer_(politician)" title="Albert Meyer (politician)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Motta" title="Giuseppe Motta">Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baumann" title="Johannes Baumann">Baumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Etter" title="Philipp Etter">Etter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pilet-Golaz" title="Marcel Pilet-Golaz">Pilet-Golaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Wetter" title="Ernst Wetter">Wetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Etter" title="Philipp Etter">Etter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Celio" title="Enrico Celio">E. Celio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Stampfli" title="Walther Stampfli">Stampfli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Steiger" title="Eduard von Steiger">von Steiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kobelt" title="Karl Kobelt">Kobelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Etter" title="Philipp Etter">Etter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Celio" title="Enrico Celio">E. Celio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Nobs" title="Ernst Nobs">Nobs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1950–1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Petitpierre" title="Max Petitpierre">Petitpierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Steiger" title="Eduard von Steiger">Steiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kobelt" title="Karl Kobelt">Kobelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Etter" title="Philipp Etter">Etter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Rubattel" title="Rodolphe Rubattel">Rubattel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Petitpierre" title="Max Petitpierre">Petitpierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markus_Feldmann" title="Markus Feldmann">Feldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Streuli" title="Hans Streuli">Streuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holenstein" title="Thomas Holenstein">Holenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chaudet" title="Paul Chaudet">Chaudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Petitpierre" title="Max Petitpierre">Petitpierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Traugott_Wahlen" title="Friedrich Traugott Wahlen">Wahlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Chaudet" title="Paul Chaudet">Chaudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Sp%C3%BChler" title="Willy Spühler">Spühler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Moos" title="Ludwig von Moos">von Moos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Tschudi" title="Hans-Peter Tschudi">Tschudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schaffner" title="Hans Schaffner">Schaffner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bonvin" title="Roger Bonvin">Bonvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Sp%C3%BChler" title="Willy Spühler">Spühler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Moos" title="Ludwig von Moos">von Moos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Tschudi" title="Hans-Peter Tschudi">Tschudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Gn%C3%A4gi" title="Rudolf Gnägi">Gnägi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nello_Celio" title="Nello Celio">N. Celio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bonvin" title="Roger Bonvin">Bonvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Brugger" title="Ernst Brugger">Brugger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">1975–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Graber" title="Pierre Graber">Graber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Gn%C3%A4gi" title="Rudolf Gnägi">Gnägi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Furgler" title="Kurt Furgler">Furgler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Ritschard" title="Willi Ritschard">Ritschard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_H%C3%BCrlimann" title="Hans Hürlimann">Hürlimann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Andr%C3%A9_Chevallaz" title="Georges-André Chevallaz">Chevallaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Furgler" title="Kurt Furgler">Furgler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Honegger" title="Fritz Honegger">Honegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Aubert" title="Pierre Aubert">Aubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Schlumpf" title="Leon Schlumpf">Schlumpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Furgler" title="Kurt Furgler">Furgler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphons_Egli" title="Alphons Egli">Egli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Aubert" title="Pierre Aubert">Aubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stich" title="Otto Stich">Stich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pascal_Delamuraz" title="Jean-Pascal Delamuraz">Delamuraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Koller" title="Arnold Koller">Koller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavio_Cotti" title="Flavio Cotti">Cotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Felber" title="René Felber">Felber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Ogi" title="Adolf Ogi">Ogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Stich" title="Otto Stich">Stich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspar_Villiger" title="Kaspar Villiger">Villiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pascal_Delamuraz" title="Jean-Pascal Delamuraz">Delamuraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Koller" title="Arnold Koller">Koller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavio_Cotti" title="Flavio Cotti">Cotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Dreifuss" title="Ruth Dreifuss">Dreifuss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1; padding:0.35em 1em; text-align:center;">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.4;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Ogi" title="Adolf Ogi">Ogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Leuenberger" title="Moritz Leuenberger">Leuenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspar_Villiger" title="Kaspar Villiger">Villiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Couchepin" title="Pascal Couchepin">Couchepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Deiss" title="Joseph Deiss">Deiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Schmid" title="Samuel Schmid">Schmid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Leuenberger" title="Moritz Leuenberger">Leuenberger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calmy-Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Couchepin" title="Pascal Couchepin">Couchepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Rudolf_Merz" title="Hans-Rudolf Merz">Merz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Leuthard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calmy-Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveline_Widmer-Schlumpf" title="Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf">Widmer-Schlumpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ueli_Maurer" title="Ueli Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Burkhalter" title="Didier Burkhalter">Burkhalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonetta_Sommaruga" title="Simonetta Sommaruga">Sommaruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Schneider-Ammann" title="Johann Schneider-Ammann">Schneider-Ammann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Leuthard" title="Doris Leuthard">Leuthard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Berset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ueli_Maurer" title="Ueli Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonetta_Sommaruga" title="Simonetta Sommaruga">Sommaruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Parmelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Berset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Amherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Keller-Sutter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122377#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1699" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122377#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1699" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122377#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117765227">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95216021">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvCW6HGcWdXj8xFq3GmBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/132107597">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2008051842">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17978402v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17978402v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk2007334946&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p303450118">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14810271">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/132107597.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/132107597">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/069493022">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/045202">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" 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