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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="بوبوسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوبوسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="پوپوسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوپوسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%B8%ED%91%B8%EC%82%AC" title="푸푸사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="푸푸사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%97%E3%82%B5" title="ププサ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ププサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Пупуса – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пупуса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pupusa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Пупуса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пупуса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%99%AE%E6%B2%99" title="普普沙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="普普沙" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Central American dish</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the culinary dish. For the mountain peak, see <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83pu%C8%99a" title="Păpușa">Păpușa</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pupusa" title="Special:EditPage/Pupusa">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pupusa%22">"Pupusa"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pupusa%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pupusa%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pupusa%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pupusa%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pupusa%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_Spanish plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupusa" class="extiw" title="es:Pupusa">the corresponding article</a> in Spanish</b>.  <i><small>(January 2024)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPupusa&sl=es&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. 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padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a><sup id="cite_ref-Univision_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Univision-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COHA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COHA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Maize_flour" title="Maize flour">Corn</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rice_flour" title="Rice flour">rice flour</a><br />Fillings e.g. meat, fish, cheese, vegetables, beans</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pupusa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pupusa">Media: Pupusa</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>pupusa</b> is a thick <a href="/wiki/Griddle#Residential" title="Griddle">griddle</a> cake or flatbread from <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a><sup id="cite_ref-Univision_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Univision-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COHA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COHA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> made with <a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a> or rice flour, similar to the Colombian and Venezuelan <a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">arepa</a>. In El Salvador, it has been declared the <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a> and has a specific day to celebrate it. It is usually stuffed with one or more ingredients, which may include cheese (such as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Quesillo" title="Quesillo">quesillo</a></i></span> or cheese with <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Echites_panduratus" title="Echites panduratus">loroco</a></i></span> buds), <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Chicharr%C3%B3n" title="Chicharrón">chicharrón</a></i></span>, squash, or refried beans. It is typically accompanied by <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Curtido" title="Curtido">curtido</a></i></span> (a spicy fermented cabbage <a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">slaw</a>) and tomato salsa, and is traditionally eaten by hand. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The exact origin of the term <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pupusa</i></span> is unknown. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_Americanisms_(Royal_Spanish_Academy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictionary of Americanisms (Royal Spanish Academy) (page does not exist)">Dictionary of Americanisms</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diccionario_de_americanismos" class="extiw" title="es:Diccionario de americanismos">es</a>]</span>, published by the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Academies_of_the_Spanish_Language" title="Association of Academies of the Spanish Language">Association of Academies of the Spanish Language</a>, states that pupusa derives from the <a href="/wiki/Nawat_language" title="Nawat language">Nawat</a> word <span title="Pipil-language text"><i lang="ppl">puxahua</i></span> meaning "fluffy" or "fluffy thing".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her book <i>Interlude and Other Verses</i>, Lidia Pérez de Novoa believed that pupusa derives from the Nawat word <span title="Pipil-language text"><i lang="ppl">pupusawa</i></span> meaning "to puff up".<sup id="cite_ref-Perez_de_Novoa_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perez_de_Novoa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salvadoran linguist Jorge Lemus argued that the word pupusa does not have Nawat roots, stating that the <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil people</a> referred to pupusas as <span title="Pipil-language text"><i lang="ppl">kukumuzin</i></span>. In his book <i>Quicheísmos: Contribution to the Study of American Folklore...</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiago_Barberena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiago Barberena (page does not exist)">Santiago Barberena</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Ignacio_Barberena" class="extiw" title="es:Santiago Ignacio Barberena">es</a>]</span> believed that the word pupusa originated from a combination of the <a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_language" title="Kʼicheʼ language">K'iche'</a> words <span title="K'iche'-language text"><i lang="quc">pop</i></span> (meaning "sphere") and <span title="K'iche'-language text"><i lang="quc">utz</i></span> (meaning "good thing"), forming the word <span title="K'iche'-language text"><i lang="quc">poputz</i></span> meaning "good sphere", however, the term <span title="K'iche'-language text"><i lang="quc">poputz</i></span> does not appear in any K'iche' language dictionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2></div> <p>El Salvador and Honduras both claim to be the birthplace of the pupusa. Salvadoran archeologist Roberto Ordóñez attributed the creation of the pupusa to the <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a> people due to the name meaning "swollen" in the Pipil language.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Honduran etymologists say that since the Pipil language is so close to the <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> language, the Nahuas of Honduras could have created the dish.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, no direct links have been made to the community. </p><p>The topic of the pupusa's origin also came up during the negotiation for the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement">Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement</a> (CAFTA–DR). Both nations wanted to make the pupusa an exclusive export. After two days, the Honduran delegation ceded the right to El Salvador.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicaraguan_Cheese_Pupusas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nicaraguan_Cheese_Pupusas.jpg/220px-Nicaraguan_Cheese_Pupusas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nicaraguan_Cheese_Pupusas.jpg/330px-Nicaraguan_Cheese_Pupusas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nicaraguan_Cheese_Pupusas.jpg/440px-Nicaraguan_Cheese_Pupusas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Nicaraguan cheese pupusas from <a href="/wiki/Masatepe" title="Masatepe">Masatepe</a>, locally known as rellenas in the departments of <a href="/wiki/Masaya_Department" title="Masaya Department">Masaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granada_Department" title="Granada Department">Granada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rivas_Department" title="Rivas Department">Rivas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest historical record of pupusas dates back to Nicaragua in 1837, when Guatemalan poet <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Batres_Mont%C3%BAfar" title="José Batres Montúfar">José Batres Montúfar</a> documented and ate the dish while traveling through <a href="/wiki/Masaya_Department" title="Masaya Department">Masaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rivas_Department" title="Rivas Department">Rivas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Granada_Department" title="Granada Department">Granada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recalled through a letter he wrote to his family. </p> <blockquote><p>The tortillas cost 8 per half a real, but they are enormous, a foot in diameter and true laborer's pistons: they are almost never called tortillas, except for their accidents: one filled, that is, a pupusa from San Salvador; a stir, ground the dough together with the cheese; an empty one, which is what I prefer, is the one that has nothing extra.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Pupusas have been linked to the <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil tribes</a> who inhabited the territory now known as <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>. A version of the pre-Columbian pupusa was vegetarian and half-moon shaped. In the late 1940s, pupusas were still not widespread across <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> and were mostly localized in the central towns. They were documented previously in Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Honduras.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Salvadoran population began migrating to other areas in the 1960s, pupusa stands proliferated across the country. In Guatemala during the 1970s, pupusas had a half-moon shape. Pupusas served east of the <a href="/wiki/Lempa_River" title="Lempa River">Lempa River</a> usually have a much larger diameter. </p><p>In the 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a> forced a Salvadoran migration to other countries, mainly the United States, which made pupusas available elsewhere: <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran American">Salvadoran immigrants</a> brought the dish to most areas of the US, and they spread to Canada and Australia as well.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1990s, they were common in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, New York, and San Francisco.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pupusas have been popular in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, since the 1980s and in 2019, 6 November was declared the day of the pupusa.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2005, the Salvadoran Legislative Assembly declared pupusas as the national dish of El Salvador and every second Sunday of November would be National Pupusas Day.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fair is typically held on the day in the capital and a few big cities. On 10 November 2007, in celebration of National Pupusa Day, the Secretary of Culture organized a fair in the capital park in which they would make the world's biggest pupusa. The pupusa was 3.15 meters (10.3 ft) in diameter and was made with 200 pounds (91 kg) of <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a>, 40 pounds (18 kg) of cheese, and 40 pounds of chicharrón. It fed 5,000 people. Five years later, the record was broken again with a pupusa 4.25 meters (13.9 ft) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-Historia_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historia-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> listed the largest pupusa at 15 feet (4.6 m), created in <a href="/wiki/Olocuilta" title="Olocuilta">Olocuilta</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, on 8 November 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This record was broken on 28 September 2024 when Salvadoran chefs in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> created a 20-foot-wide (6.1 m) pupusa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, <i>The Guardian</i> named pupusas that year's Best Street Food in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both at home and abroad, pupusas are traditionally served with <a href="/wiki/Curtido" title="Curtido">curtido</a> (a pickled cabbage relish, analogous to German <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a> and Korean <a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">kimchi</a> that comes in mild and spicy varieties) and <a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">tomato sauce</a>, and are traditionally eaten by hand. Author Carlos Cordova reports an ancient pre-Hispanic belief that it was sinful to cut tortillas with a knife; they must be cut with fingers as corn was believed to be a divine grain. This might be the reason why generation after generation has adhered to the rule of eating pupusas with the hands.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010.05.04.165724_Pupuser%C3%ADa_Las_Chinamas_El_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2010.05.04.165724_Pupuser%C3%ADa_Las_Chinamas_El_Salvador.jpg/220px-2010.05.04.165724_Pupuser%C3%ADa_Las_Chinamas_El_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2010.05.04.165724_Pupuser%C3%ADa_Las_Chinamas_El_Salvador.jpg/330px-2010.05.04.165724_Pupuser%C3%ADa_Las_Chinamas_El_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2010.05.04.165724_Pupuser%C3%ADa_Las_Chinamas_El_Salvador.jpg/440px-2010.05.04.165724_Pupuser%C3%ADa_Las_Chinamas_El_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>A woman making pupusas in <a href="/wiki/Ahuachap%C3%A1n" title="Ahuachapán">Ahuachapán</a>, western El Salvador</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traditional_Pupusas_over_wood_fire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Traditional_Pupusas_over_wood_fire.jpg/220px-Traditional_Pupusas_over_wood_fire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Traditional_Pupusas_over_wood_fire.jpg/330px-Traditional_Pupusas_over_wood_fire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Traditional_Pupusas_over_wood_fire.jpg/440px-Traditional_Pupusas_over_wood_fire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="2165" /></a><figcaption>Traditional pupusas in El Salvador are cooked over wood fire, using a pottery griddle called a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Comal_(cookware)" title="Comal (cookware)">comal</a></i></span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A pupusa is a handmade maize or rice tortilla stuffed with ingredients. Stuffing can include cheese, refried beans, squash, <a href="/wiki/Echites_panduratus" title="Echites panduratus">loroco</a>, and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Chicharr%C3%B3n" title="Chicharrón">chicharrón</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perez_de_Novoa_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perez_de_Novoa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_variations">Regional variations</h3></div> <p>A variant of the pupusa in El Salvador is the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pupusa de arroz</i></span>, originally hailing from the town of <a href="/wiki/Olocuilta" title="Olocuilta">Olocuilta</a> in the east of San Salvador.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Rice flour is used to make the dough and they are usually stuffed with chopped pork, cheese, beans, zucchini, and other vegetables. Another regional variation, found in <a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADa,_Usulut%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Alegría, Usulután">Alegría</a>, is the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pupusa de banano</i></span>, which calls for the addition of plantain bananas to the pupusa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h4></div> <p>Pupusas are also found in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central American</a> countries. Honduran versions use the local <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">quesillo</i></span> type of cheese for the filling. In <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, both "Salvadoran pupusas" and "pupusas" are available, the latter being a local version. There, they are a staple of the food stalls at regional carnivals known as fiestas. </p><p>A similar <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Mexico">Mexican dish</a> is called a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Gordita" title="Gordita">gordita</a></i></span> (literally, "little fatty"), but gorditas are usually open at one end. In <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, they make <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">arepas</a></i></span>. Colombian <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">arepas</i></span> are usually eaten without filling, or the filling is placed inside the dough before cooking. Venezuela has its own recipe for <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">arepas</i></span>, but, unlike Colombian <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">arepas</i></span>, the dough is cooked first, and then sliced in half and stuffed somewhat like a <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburger</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4></div> <p>Pupusas made in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> are typically made with <a href="/wiki/Maseca" class="mw-redirect" title="Maseca">Maseca</a> commercial corn flour-<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">masa</i></span> mix,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> instead of fresh <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">masa</i></span>. Some high-end <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pupuserías</i></span> in the United States use rice flour and wheat flour versions. In <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe, New Mexico</a>, variations include using <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pepperoni" title="Pepperoni">pepperoni</a>, cheese, and green chile. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Taco_Cabana" title="Taco Cabana">Taco Cabana</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tex-Mex cuisine">Tex-Mex</a> chain in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, created a dish called the pupusa that has no relation to the Salvadoran food.<sup id="cite_ref-chron_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chron-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pupusas revueltas stuffed with meat, beans and cheese"><img alt="Pupusas revueltas stuffed with meat, beans and cheese" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg/200px-Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg/300px-Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg/400px-Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Pupusas revueltas</i></span> stuffed with meat, beans and cheese</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pupusas_by_Roland_Tanglao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pupusas and tomato sauce"><img alt="Pupusas and tomato sauce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pupusas_by_Roland_Tanglao.jpg/200px-Pupusas_by_Roland_Tanglao.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pupusas_by_Roland_Tanglao.jpg/300px-Pupusas_by_Roland_Tanglao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Pupusas_by_Roland_Tanglao.jpg/400px-Pupusas_by_Roland_Tanglao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pupusas and tomato sauce</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pupusas,_Salvadore%C3%B1as,_para_llevar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pupusas for carryout, in El Salvador, are wrapped in plastic and then in paper."><img alt="Pupusas for carryout, in El Salvador, are wrapped in plastic and then in paper." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pupusas%2C_Salvadore%C3%B1as%2C_para_llevar.jpg/200px-Pupusas%2C_Salvadore%C3%B1as%2C_para_llevar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pupusas%2C_Salvadore%C3%B1as%2C_para_llevar.jpg/300px-Pupusas%2C_Salvadore%C3%B1as%2C_para_llevar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pupusas%2C_Salvadore%C3%B1as%2C_para_llevar.jpg/400px-Pupusas%2C_Salvadore%C3%B1as%2C_para_llevar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pupusas for carryout, in El Salvador, are wrapped in plastic and then in paper.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pupuseria_in_Stgo_Texacuangos_dpto_San_Salvador_El_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pupusería in Santiago Texacuangos, El Salvador. Note the various pupusas advertised on the wall: chicken, jalapeño, chipilín, and avocado"><img alt="A pupusería in Santiago Texacuangos, El Salvador. Note the various pupusas advertised on the wall: chicken, jalapeño, chipilín, and avocado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pupuseria_in_Stgo_Texacuangos_dpto_San_Salvador_El_Salvador.jpg/200px-Pupuseria_in_Stgo_Texacuangos_dpto_San_Salvador_El_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pupuseria_in_Stgo_Texacuangos_dpto_San_Salvador_El_Salvador.jpg/300px-Pupuseria_in_Stgo_Texacuangos_dpto_San_Salvador_El_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pupuseria_in_Stgo_Texacuangos_dpto_San_Salvador_El_Salvador.jpg/400px-Pupuseria_in_Stgo_Texacuangos_dpto_San_Salvador_El_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pupusería in Santiago Texacuangos, El Salvador. Note the various pupusas advertised on the wall: chicken, jalapeño, <a href="/wiki/Chipil%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Chipilín">chipilín</a>, and avocado</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_Pupuseria_setup_in_El_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pupusería in Olocuilta."><img alt="A pupusería in Olocuilta." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Typical_Pupuseria_setup_in_El_Salvador.jpg/200px-Typical_Pupuseria_setup_in_El_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Typical_Pupuseria_setup_in_El_Salvador.jpg/300px-Typical_Pupuseria_setup_in_El_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Typical_Pupuseria_setup_in_El_Salvador.jpg/400px-Typical_Pupuseria_setup_in_El_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pupusería in <a href="/wiki/Olocuilta" title="Olocuilta">Olocuilta</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Salvador_Pupuseria_en_la_noche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An outdoor pupusería in El Salvador at night"><img alt="An outdoor pupusería in El Salvador at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/El_Salvador_Pupuseria_en_la_noche.jpg/200px-El_Salvador_Pupuseria_en_la_noche.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/El_Salvador_Pupuseria_en_la_noche.jpg/300px-El_Salvador_Pupuseria_en_la_noche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/El_Salvador_Pupuseria_en_la_noche.jpg/400px-El_Salvador_Pupuseria_en_la_noche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2374" data-file-height="1780" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An outdoor pupusería in El Salvador at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarita%27s_Pupuseria_-_February_2024_-_Sarah_Stierch_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pork and bean pupusa from Sarita's Pupuseria in Los Angeles, California"><img alt="Pork and bean pupusa from Sarita's Pupuseria in Los Angeles, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sarita%27s_Pupuseria_-_February_2024_-_Sarah_Stierch_01.jpg/200px-Sarita%27s_Pupuseria_-_February_2024_-_Sarah_Stierch_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sarita%27s_Pupuseria_-_February_2024_-_Sarah_Stierch_01.jpg/300px-Sarita%27s_Pupuseria_-_February_2024_-_Sarah_Stierch_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sarita%27s_Pupuseria_-_February_2024_-_Sarah_Stierch_01.jpg/400px-Sarita%27s_Pupuseria_-_February_2024_-_Sarah_Stierch_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5712" data-file-height="4284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pork and bean pupusa from Sarita's Pupuseria in Los Angeles, California</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h2></div> <p>In spite of their low market price, pupusas represent an important element in the economy of El Salvador. Rising ingredient costs in 2022 have led to concerns about rising pupusa prices.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to whole pupusas, the individual ingredients are also exported; in 2005, for example, US$604,408 worth of <a href="/wiki/Echites_panduratus" title="Echites panduratus">loroco</a>, sometimes used as a pupusa filling, was sold to the United States alone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Frozen pupusas can be found in the refrigerated section of many Hispanic and international supermarkets in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, especially those located in highly concentrated areas of Salvadorans such as <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Long_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island, New York">Long Island, New York</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Pupusa sales play a significant role in the Salvadoran economy. According to the Salvadoran Ministry of Economy, in 2001–2003, pupuserias generated $22 million. The export of ingredients such as loroco has also helped boost the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2005, 300,000 people made pupusas for a living, with a majority of them being women.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/32px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/48px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/64px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:El_Salvador" title="Portal:El Salvador">El Salvador portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_dishes" title="List of maize dishes">List of maize dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_foods" title="List of street foods">List of street foods</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Univision-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Univision_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Univision_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160606085036/https://www.univision.com/noticias/mes-de-la-hispanidad/la-guerra-de-las-pupusas-son-salvadorenas-u-hondurenas-univision34-investiga">"La Guerra de las Pupusas: ¿Son Salvadoreñas u Hondureñas? Univision34 Investiga"</a> [The Pupusa War: Are They Salvadoran or Honduran? Univision34 Investigates]. <i><a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a></i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California. 27 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univision.com/noticias/mes-de-la-hispanidad/la-guerra-de-las-pupusas-son-salvadorenas-u-hondurenas-univision34-investiga">the original</a> on 6 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Univision&rft.atitle=La+Guerra+de+las+Pupusas%3A+%C2%BFSon+Salvadore%C3%B1as+u+Hondure%C3%B1as%3F+Univision34+Investiga&rft.date=2011-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.univision.com%2Fnoticias%2Fmes-de-la-hispanidad%2Fla-guerra-de-las-pupusas-son-salvadorenas-u-hondurenas-univision34-investiga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COHA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COHA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COHA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanchez2014" class="citation web cs1">Sanchez, Alejandro (8 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coha.org/coha-research-food-wars-in-latin-america">"COHA Research: Food Wars in Latin America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Hemispheric_Affairs" title="Council on Hemispheric Affairs">Council on Hemispheric Affairs</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Hemispheric+Affairs&rft.atitle=COHA+Research%3A+Food+Wars+in+Latin+America&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coha.org%2Fcoha-research-food-wars-in-latin-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeidy2020" class="citation web cs1">Leidy (13 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226184946/https://openculturalcenter.org/pupusa-a-typical-dish-from-el-salvador/">"Pupusa: a typical dish from El Salvador"</a>. <i>Open Cultural Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openculturalcenter.org/pupusa-a-typical-dish-from-el-salvador/">the original</a> on 26 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Cultural+Center&rft.atitle=Pupusa%3A+a+typical+dish+from+El+Salvador&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.au=Leidy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenculturalcenter.org%2Fpupusa-a-typical-dish-from-el-salvador%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasquez2020" class="citation journal cs1">Vasquez, Nelson (25 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/ma_tesol/3">"Salvadoran Food: Pupusas"</a>. <i>ESL for Academic Purposes</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESL+for+Academic+Purposes&rft.atitle=Salvadoran+Food%3A+Pupusas&rft.date=2020-09-25&rft.aulast=Vasquez&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.stcloudstate.edu%2Fma_tesol%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Diccionario de Americanismos</i> [<i>Dictionary of Americanisms</i>] (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Academies_of_the_Spanish_Language" title="Association of Academies of the Spanish Language">Association of Academies of the Spanish Language</a>. 2010. p. 1,787. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788429495508" title="Special:BookSources/9788429495508"><bdi>9788429495508</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+Americanismos&rft.pages=1%2C787&rft.pub=Association+of+Academies+of+the+Spanish+Language&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9788429495508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perez_de_Novoa-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perez_de_Novoa_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perez_de_Novoa_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérez_de_Novoa2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pérez de Novoa, Lidia Georgina (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BL-PDwAAQBAJ&q=pupusa"><i>Interludio y Otros Versos</i></a> [<i>Interlude and Other Verses</i>] (in Spanish). 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Break World Record for Largest Pupusa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Salvadoran+Chefs+in+D.C.+Break+World+Record+for+Largest+Pupusa&rft.date=2024-09-28&rft.aulast=Uber&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fdc-md-va%2F2024%2F09%2F28%2Fpupusa-guinness-world-record-dc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFResnick,_Perry2011" class="citation web cs1">Resnick, Perry (26 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2011/sep/26/new-york-best-street-food">"The best street food in New York"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+best+street+food+in+New+York&rft.date=2011-09-26&rft.au=Resnick%2C+Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2011%2Fsep%2F26%2Fnew-york-best-street-food&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cordova, Carlos B. "The Salvadoran Americans". p 102. Westport, Conn. Greewood, 2005. Web</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chron-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chron_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peralta, Eyder (27 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/entertainment/article/Bona-fide-pupusas-1522608.php">"Bona fide pupusas: Classic or clueless? Here's how to tell"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i> Dining Guide, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfaro2022" class="citation news cs1">Alfaro, Karla (15 January 2022). "Pupusas increase in price in downtown San Salvador". <i>CE Noticias Financieras English</i>. Miami: ContentEngine LLC – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CE+Noticias+Financieras+English&rft.atitle=Pupusas+increase+in+price+in+downtown+San+Salvador&rft.date=2022-01-15&rft.aulast=Alfaro&rft.aufirst=Karla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095746/http://www.elperiodista.com.sv/index.php/45-municipios-activos/804-las-pupusas-icono-culinario-salvadoreno-celebrara-su-dia.html">"Las Pupusas: ícono culinario salvadoreño celebrará su día"</a>. <i>El Periodista</i>. 4 November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elperiodista.com.sv/index.php/45-municipios-activos/804-las-pupusas-icono-culinario-salvadoreno-celebrara-su-dia.html">the original</a> on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Periodista&rft.atitle=Las+Pupusas%3A+%C3%ADcono+culinario+salvadore%C3%B1o+celebrar%C3%A1+su+d%C3%ADa&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elperiodista.com.sv%2Findex.php%2F45-municipios-activos%2F804-las-pupusas-icono-culinario-salvadoreno-celebrara-su-dia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Carman, Tim. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.byu.edu/remoteauth/?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=wapo.a9bfdd4a-792b-11e1-9362-cd989ac6bfb2&site=eds-live&scope=site.">Perfect Pupusas Require a Mastery of Masa</a>". <i>The Washington Post</i>, 2012.</li> <li>Lawson, Susan C. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.byu.edu/remoteauth/?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=6644089&site=eds-live&scope=site.">Latin LESSONS</a>". <i>Indianapolis Monthly</i>, vol. 25, no. 10, 2002, pp. 164.</li> <li>Nickles, Greg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.byu.edu/remoteauth/?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=khh&AN=17905579&site=eds-live&scope=site.">"The Flavors of El Salvador"</a>. <i>El Salvador: The People & Culture</i>, 2002, pp. 28–29.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanetStaff2012" class="citation book cs1">Planet, L.; Staff, Lonely Planet Publications (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wat9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT137"><i>The World's Best Street Food: Where to Find It and How to Make It</i></a>. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74321-664-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74321-664-4"><bdi>978-1-74321-664-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Best+Street+Food%3A+Where+to+Find+It+and+How+to+Make+It&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publications&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74321-664-4&rft.aulast=Planet&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Staff%2C+Lonely+Planet+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWat9BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APupusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Scherer, Jane. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.byu.edu/remoteauth/?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mih&AN=1252547&site=eds-live&scope=site.">Pupusas</a>". <i>Faces</i>, vol. 15, no. 3, November 1998, p. 19.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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and corn</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amylomaize" title="Amylomaize">Amylomaize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_corn" title="Baby corn">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_corn" title="Blue corn">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dent_corn" title="Dent corn">Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_corn" title="Field corn">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_corn" title="Flint corn">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_corn" title="Flour corn">Flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_maize" title="Genetically modified maize">Genetically modified</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_varieties_of_genetically_modified_maize" title="List of varieties of genetically modified maize">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MON_810" title="MON 810">MON 810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MON_863" title="MON 863">MON 863</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_corn" title="Purple corn">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Protein_Maize" title="Quality Protein Maize">Quality Protein Maize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoepeg_corn" title="Shoepeg corn">Shoepeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_corn" title="Sweet corn">Sweet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweetcorn_varieties" title="List of sweetcorn varieties">Varieties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxy_corn" title="Waxy corn">Waxy</a></li> <li>By origin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia_maize_varieties" title="Bolivia maize varieties">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador_maize_varieties" title="Ecuador maize varieties">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Italian_maize_varieties" title="Traditional Italian maize varieties">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_corn" title="Peruvian corn">Peru</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corncob" title="Corncob">Cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_kernel" title="Corn kernel">Kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stover" title="Corn stover">Stover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_construction" title="Corn construction">Corn construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_milling" title="Maize milling">Maize milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixtamalization" title="Nixtamalization">Nixtamalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_wet-milling" title="Corn wet-milling">Wet-milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_maker" title="Popcorn maker">Popcorn maker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_diseases" title="List of maize diseases">Pathology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBCH-scale_(maize)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBCH-scale (maize)">BBCH-scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_allergy" title="Corn allergy">Corn allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_smut" title="Corn smut">Corn smut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_streak_virus" title="Maize streak virus">Maize streak virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maize_production" title="Category:Maize production">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornstalk_fiddle" title="Cornstalk fiddle">Cornstalk fiddle</a></li> <li>By country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States" title="Corn production in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize_production_in_Tanzania" title="Maize production in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_corn_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International corn production statistics">International corn production statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popcorn_brands" title="List of popcorn brands">List of popcorn brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters (agriculture)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Palace" title="Corn Palace">Corn Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_School" title="Corn School">Corn School</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Field_of_Corn" title="Field of Corn">Field of Corn</a></i> (1994 sculpture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cornbread_Festival" title="National Cornbread Festival">National Cornbread Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Corn_Festival" title="Sweet Corn Festival">Sweet Corn Festival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_(film)" title="Zea (film)">Zea</a></i> (film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maize_dishes" title="List of maize dishes">Maize dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">Cornmeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mielie-meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mielie-meal">Mielie-meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samp" title="Samp">Samp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_starch" title="Corn starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_steep_liquor" title="Corn steep liquor">Steep liquor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">Syrup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucose_syrup" title="Glucose syrup">Glucose syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">High-fructose</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_perception_of_high-fructose_corn_syrup" title="Public perception of high-fructose corn syrup">Public perception</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-maltose_corn_syrup" title="High-maltose corn syrup">High-maltose</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Soups, stews, <br />and porridge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banku_(dish)" title="Banku (dish)">Banku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binte_biluhuta" title="Binte biluhuta">Binte biluhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulz_(food)" title="Bulz (food)">Bulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocolo%C8%99i" title="Cocoloși">Cocoloși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_chowder" title="Corn chowder">Corn chowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crab_soup" title="Corn crab soup">Corn crab soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_pudding" title="Corn pudding">Corn pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_soup" title="Corn soup">Corn soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_stew" title="Corn stew">Corn stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cou-cou" title="Cou-cou">Cou-cou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creamed_corn" title="Creamed corn">Creamed corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">Fufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginataang_mais" title="Ginataang mais">Ginataang mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grits" title="Grits">Grits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasty_pudding" title="Hasty pudding">Hasty pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%8Damak" title="Kačamak">Kačamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83" title="Mămăligă">Mămăligă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83_%C3%AEn_p%C4%83turi" title="Mămăligă în pături">Mămăligă în pături</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mush_(cornmeal)" title="Mush (cornmeal)">Mush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashofa" title="Pashofa">Pashofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">Polenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozole" title="Pozole">Pozole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamite" title="Sagamite">Sagamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suam_na_mais" title="Suam na mais">Suam na mais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugali" title="Ugali">Ugali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xar%C3%A9m" title="Xarém">Xarém</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Tamales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aca%C3%A7%C3%A1" title="Acaçá">Acaçá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanime" title="Guanime">Guanime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallaca" title="Hallaca">Hallaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humita" title="Humita">Humita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacatamal" title="Nacatamal">Nacatamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamonha" title="Pamonha">Pamonha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">Pasteles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Breads and cakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollo" title="Bollo">Bollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broa" title="Broa">Broa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachapa" title="Cachapa">Cachapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipa_guasu" title="Chipa guasu">Chipa guasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornbread" title="Cornbread">Cornbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_cookie" title="Corn cookie">Corn cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tortilla" title="Corn tortilla">Corn tortilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tortilla-based_dishes" title="List of tortilla-based dishes">List of tortilla-based dishes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnycake" title="Johnnycake">Johnnycake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makki_ki_roti" title="Makki ki roti">Makki ki roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_choclo" title="Pastel de choclo">Pastel de choclo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piki" title="Piki">Piki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proja" title="Proja">Proja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pupusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloosh" title="Sloosh">Sloosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sope_(food)" title="Sope (food)">Sope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopa_paraguaya" title="Sopa paraguaya">Sopa paraguaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoonbread" title="Spoonbread">Spoonbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talo_(food)" title="Talo (food)">Talo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla" title="Tortilla">Tortilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totopo" title="Totopo">Totopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotou" title="Wotou">Wotou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Fried dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battered_sausage" title="Battered sausage">Battered sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_chip" title="Corn chip">Corn chip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_dog" title="Corn dog">Corn dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_fritter" title="Corn fritter">Corn fritter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_nut" title="Corn nut">Corn nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornick_(food)" title="Cornick (food)">Cornick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushpuppy" title="Hushpuppy">Hushpuppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milho_frito" title="Milho frito">Milho frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachos" title="Nachos">Nachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorullos" title="Sorullos">Sorullos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tostada_(tortilla)" title="Tostada (tortilla)">Tostada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortilla_chip" title="Tortilla chip">Tortilla chip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alivenci" title="Alivenci">Alivenci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conkie" title="Conkie">Conkies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_flakes" title="Corn flakes">Corn flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_on_the_cob" title="Corn on the cob">Corn on the cob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_relish" title="Corn relish">Corn relish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_sauce" title="Corn sauce">Corn sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofio" title="Gofio">Gofio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">Hominy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_smut#Culinary_uses" title="Corn smut">Huitlacoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenkey" title="Kenkey">Kenkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuymak" title="Kuymak">Kuymak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%ADz_con_hielo" title="Maíz con hielo">Maíz con hielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_blanca" title="Maja blanca">Maja maíz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maque_choux" title="Maque choux">Maque choux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mote_(food)" title="Mote (food)">Mote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinole" title="Pinole">Pinole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">Popcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atole" title="Atole">Atole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champurrado" title="Champurrado">Champurrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_de_jora" title="Chicha de jora">Chicha de jora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_morada" title="Chicha morada">Chicha morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colada_morada" title="Colada morada">Colada morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">Corn beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_tea" title="Corn tea">Corn tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazamorra" title="Mazamorra">Mazamorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinolillo" title="Pinolillo">Pinolillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejate" title="Tejate">Tejate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a 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