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Ричард Файнман – Уикипедия

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cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&amp;returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&amp;returnto=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Биографични_данни" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Биографични_данни"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Биографични данни</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Биографични_данни-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Биографични данни</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Биографични_данни-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ранни_години" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ранни_години"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ранни години</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ранни_години-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Образование" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Образование"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Образование</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Образование-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Професионална_кариера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Професионална_кариера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Професионална кариера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Професионална_кариера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Проектът_Манхатън" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Проектът_Манхатън"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Проектът Манхатън</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Проектът_Манхатън-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-В_Корнел" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#В_Корнел"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>В Корнел</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-В_Корнел-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-В_Калтек" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#В_Калтек"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>В Калтек</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-В_Калтек-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Анализ_на_катастрофата_с_Чалънджър" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Анализ_на_катастрофата_с_Чалънджър"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Анализ на катастрофата с Чалънджър</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Анализ_на_катастрофата_с_Чалънджър-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Личен_живот" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Личен_живот"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Личен живот</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Личен_живот-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Външни_препратки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Външни_препратки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Външни препратки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Външни_препратки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ричард Файнман</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 109 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AA%E1%89%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B5_%E1%8D%8B%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95" title="ሪቻርድ ፋይንማን – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሪቻርድ ፋይንማን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ريتشارد فاينمان – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد فاينمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ريتشارد فاينمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد فاينمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ৰিচাৰ্ড ফাইনমেন – асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰিচাৰ্ড ফাইনমেন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%A7ard_Feynman" title="Riçard Feynman – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riçard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86" title="ریچارد فاینمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریچارد فاینمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Рычард Філіпс Фейнман – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард Філіпс Фейнман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="रिचर्ड फेयनमन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रिचर्ड फेयनमन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="রিচার্ড ফাইনম্যান – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিচার্ড ফাইনম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڕیچارد فاینمان – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕیچارد فاینمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%82_%CE%A6%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Ρίτσαρντ Φίλιπς Φάινμαν – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίτσαρντ Φίλιπς Φάινμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86" title="ریچارد فاینمن – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد فاینمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – фарьорски" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарьорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – шотландски келтски" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландски келтски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="ריצ&#039;רד פיינמן – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ&#039;רד פיינמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="रिचर्ड फिलिप्स फाइनमेन – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिचर्ड फिलिप्स फाइनमेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%96%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ռիչարդ Ֆեյնման – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ Ֆեյնման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%96%D5%A7%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B4%D5%A8%D5%B6" title="Ռիչըրտ Ֆէյնմըն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռիչըրտ Ֆէյնմըն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – игбо" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="игбо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BBP%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="リチャード・P・ファインマン – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・P・ファインマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – явански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="явански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რიჩარდ ფეინმანი – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიჩარდ ფეინმანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ричард Фейнман – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ричард Фейнман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಫೇನ್ಮನ್ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಫೇನ್ಮನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B8%EB%A7%8C" title="리처드 파인만 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 파인만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – кюрдски" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="кюрдски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardus_Feynman" title="Ricardus Feynman – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricardus Feynman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dards_Fainmens" title="Ričards Fainmens – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ričards Fainmens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ричард Фајнман – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ричард Фајнман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="റിച്ചാർഡ് ഫെയ്ൻമാൻ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിച്ചാർഡ് ഫെയ്ൻമാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ричард Филлипс Фейнман – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ричард Филлипс Фейнман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="रिचर्ड फाइनमन – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रिचर्ड फाइनमन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ရစ်ချတ်ဖိန်းမန်း – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရစ်ချတ်ဖိန်းမန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86" title="ریچارد فاینمن – мазандерански" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ریچارد فاینمن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандерански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="रिचार्ड फेञम्यान – неварски" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रिचार्ड फेञम्यान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – пампанга" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="رچرڈ فائنمین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رچرڈ فائنمین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%89_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86" title="ريچارډ فاينمن – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ريچارډ فاينمن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Фейнман, Ричард – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фейнман, Ричард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Річард Фейнман – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Річард Фейнман" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="रिचार्ड फैनमन – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रिचार्ड फैनमन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Phillips_Feynman" title="Richard Phillips Feynman – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Richard Phillips Feynman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ричард Фајнман – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричард Фајнман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ரிச்சர்டு பெயின்மான் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிச்சர்டு பெயின்மான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="రిచర్డ్ ఫేన్‌మాన్ – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రిచర్డ్ ఫేన్‌మాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ричард Фейнман – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ричард Фейнман" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99" title="ริชาร์ด ไฟน์แมน – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ริชาร์ด ไฟน์แมน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ричард Файнмен – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ричард Файнмен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%81_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Річард Філіпс Фейнман – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард Філіпс Фейнман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%BE_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="رچرڈ فلپ فائنمین – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رچرڈ فلپ فائنمین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E6%9B%BC" title="理查德·费曼 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="理查德·费曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რიჩარდ ფეინმანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რიჩარდ ფეინმანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ריטשארד פיינמאן – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ריטשארד פיינמאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E6%9B%BC" title="理查德·費曼 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="理查德·費曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%E8%B2%BB%E6%9B%BC" title="理察費曼 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="理察費曼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Richard Feynman" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%E8%B2%BB%E6%9B%BC" title="理察費曼 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="理察費曼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39246#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Беседа за страницата (страницата не съществува) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12144718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-lua{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data-only,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-above{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-italic-title{display:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;margin:-5px 0;border:0;border-spacing:0 5px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox th.onlysubbox,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td.onlysubbox{padding:0!important}</style><table class="infobox infobox-lua infobox_v2 vcard"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above title physic" style="background-color:#C1CDCD; border:1px solid #aaa;">Ричард Файнман<div style="font-size: 76%; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">Richard Phillips Feynman</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-size:110%; border:1px solid #aaa;">американски физик</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:RichardFeynman-PaineMansionWoods1984_copyrightTamikoThiel_bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/RichardFeynman-PaineMansionWoods1984_copyrightTamikoThiel_bw.jpg/250px-RichardFeynman-PaineMansionWoods1984_copyrightTamikoThiel_bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/RichardFeynman-PaineMansionWoods1984_copyrightTamikoThiel_bw.jpg/375px-RichardFeynman-PaineMansionWoods1984_copyrightTamikoThiel_bw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/RichardFeynman-PaineMansionWoods1984_copyrightTamikoThiel_bw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="nomobile" style="height:1px;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Роден</th><td class="infobox-data"><div></div> <div><span class="oneline"><a href="/wiki/11_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="11 май">11 май</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>&#160;г.</span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Куинс">Куинс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Ню Йорк">Ню Йорк</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="САЩ">САЩ</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Починал</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><span class="oneline"><a href="/wiki/15_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="15 февруари">15 февруари</a> <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>&#160;г.<span class="noprint"> <small>(69 г.)</small></span></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Лос Анджелис">Лос Анджелис</a>, САЩ</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Погребан</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Съединени американски щати">САЩ</a></td></tr><tr class="nomobile" style="height:1px;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Националност</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Съединени американски щати">САЩ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Учил в</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Масачузетски технологичен институт">Масачузетски технологичен институт</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Принстънски университет">Принстънски университет</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C1CDCD; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Научна дейност</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Област</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">Физика</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Учил&#160;при</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Джон Арчибалд Уилър">Джон Арчибалд Уилър</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Работил в</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="Манхатън (проект)">проектът Манхатън</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Университет Корнел">Университет Корнел</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Калифорнийски технологичен институт">Калифорнийски технологичен институт</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Известен&#160;с</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Диаграма на Файнман">Диаграма на Файнман</a><br />тритомно издание на „Лекции по физика“<br /><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова електродинамика">Квантова електродинамика</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Награди</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нобелова награда за физика">Нобелова награда за физика</a> (1965)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Повлиян</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пол Дирак">Пол Дирак</a></td></tr><tr class="nomobile" style="height:1px;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Подпис</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Richard_Feynman_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Richard_Feynman_signature.svg/160px-Richard_Feynman_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Richard_Feynman_signature.svg/240px-Richard_Feynman_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Richard_Feynman_signature.svg/320px-Richard_Feynman_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="206" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Уебсайт</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://richardfeynman.com/">richardfeynman.com</a></span><div><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0275509">Страница в IMDb</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#C1CDCD; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Feynman?uselang=bg">Ричард Файнман</a></b> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ричард Филипс Файнман</b> (на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a>: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">Richard Phillips Feynman</span>) е един от най-забележителните <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Американски">американски</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик">физици</a> на <a href="/wiki/20_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="20 век">20 век</a>, наричан най-великият ум след <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Айнщайн">Айнщайн</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> През <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a> година изнася станалата по-късно световноизвестна лекция на тема <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нанотехнология">нанотехнологии</a> „Има достатъчно място на дъното“ (на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a>: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Файнман написва 3-томно издание на „Лекции по физика“, университетски курс, който се ползва и до днес<sup id="cite_ref-Lectures_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lectures-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Разширява чувствително теорията на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова електродинамика">квантовата електродинамика</a>, за което през <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> година, заедно с <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джулиан Швингър">Джулиан Швингър</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Шиничиро Томонага">Шиничиро Томонага</a>, получава <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нобелова награда за физика">Нобелова награда за физика</a>. </p><p>Създава диаграми за взаимодействията на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Елементарна частица">елементарни частици</a>, които носят неговото име и имат огромно практическо приложение. Спомага за разработването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Атомна бомба">атомната бомба</a> с участието си в секретния <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Проект Манхатън">проект Манхатън</a> в лабораторията в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Лос Аламос (Ню Мексико)">Лос Аламос</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ню Мексико">Ню Мексико</a>. Участва в дешифрирането на <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Йероглиф">йероглифите</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Маи">маите</a> и в изясняването на причините за катастрофата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Космическата совалка">космическата совалка</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Чалънджър (совалка)">Чалънджър</a> през <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> година. Притежаващ блестящ ум, любознателност, игрив темперамент и невероятно остроумие, любимец на студентите си. Известен е също така с книгите си „<i>Вие навярно се шегувате, г-н Файнман!&#160;– приключенията на един любопитен персонаж</i>“ и „<i>Какво те е грижа какво мислят другите?&#160;– по-нататъшните приключения на един любопитен персонаж</i>“. Съвременниците му разказват за увлекателните му лекции, за шегите-закачки, за ексцентричността и свободолюбивия му дух. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Биографични_данни"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Биографични данни</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Биографични данни" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Биографични данни"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ранни_години"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B3.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Ранни години</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Ранни години" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ранни години"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ричард Файнман е роден на <a href="/wiki/11_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="11 май">11 май</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> година в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Куинс">Куинс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Ню Йорк">Ню Йорк</a>. Семейството му има <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия">руски</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Полша">полски</a> корени, а родителите му са <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Евреи">евреи</a>&#160;– <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Ашкенази">Ашкенази</a>. От майка си Люсил, която е домакиня, наследява доброто <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Чувство за хумор">чувство за хумор</a>. Бъдещият учен е повлиян още в детството си от баща си Мелвил, който го стимулира и насърчава любопитството му. Подобно на Алберт Айнщайн той проговаря сравнително късно (на 3-годишна възраст все още не говори). На 10-годишна възраст започва да купува и поправя стари <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Радио">радиоапарати</a>. Когато е на 12, вече поправя радиоапаратите на целия квартал. В училище <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Коефициент на интелигентност">коефициентът му на интелигентност</a> е 125, което според биографа му Джеймз Глик „<i>не било чак толкова респектиращо</i>“. На 15-годишна възраст усвоява <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Интеграл">интегралното</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Диференциал (математика)">диференциално смятане</a>. Според първите му учители той притежава стряскаща леснота за справяне с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Уравнение">уравненията</a>, същата, която има и Айнщайн на неговата възраст. Интересни случки от своето детство Файнман описва в автобиографичните книги „<i>Вие навярно се шегувате, г-н Файнман!&#160;– приключенията на един любопитен персонаж</i>“ (<i>Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!</i>) и „<i>Смисълът на всичко: Мисли на един гражданин и учен</i>“ (<i>The Meaning of It All: Thoughts of a Citizen Scientist</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Образование"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.B1.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Образование</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Образование" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Образование"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Завършва <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Масачузетски технологичен институт">Масачузетския технологичен институт</a> през <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> година и защитава докторска степен през <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Принстънски университет">Принстън</a>. Става професор в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Корнел">Корнел</a>, а след това и в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Калифорнийски технологичен институт">Калифорнийския технологичен институт</a>. Склонността му да характеризира по интересен начин нещата кара много известни учени да започнат да се съмняват в собствените си теории. Един от въпросите, които задава по времето когато учи <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Анатомия">анатомията</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Котки">котките</a> е: <i>Имате ли карта на котката?</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Професионална_кариера"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Професионална кариера</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Професионална кариера" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Професионална кариера"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Проектът_Манхатън"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.8A.D1.82_.D0.9C.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.85.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.8A.D0.BD"></span>Проектът Манхатън</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Проектът Манхатън" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Проектът Манхатън"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Richard_Feynman_ID_badge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Richard_Feynman_ID_badge.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption>Личната му карта от Лос Аламос</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Feynman_and_Oppenheimer_at_Los_Alamos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Feynman_and_Oppenheimer_at_Los_Alamos.jpg/220px-Feynman_and_Oppenheimer_at_Los_Alamos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Feynman_and_Oppenheimer_at_Los_Alamos.jpg/330px-Feynman_and_Oppenheimer_at_Los_Alamos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Feynman_and_Oppenheimer_at_Los_Alamos.jpg/440px-Feynman_and_Oppenheimer_at_Los_Alamos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2418" /></a><figcaption>Файнман и Опенхаймър в Лос Аламос</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Робърт Ратбун Уилсън (страницата не съществува)">Робърт Уилсън</a> убеждава Ричи Файнман (както го наричат колегите му) да се включи в строго секретния <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Проект Манхатън">проект Манхатън</a> по разработката на атомната бомба. В началото той не е много ентусиазиран от идеята да работи по този проект, но по-късно се съгласява, мотивиран от мисълта, че <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Нацистите">нацистите</a> може да успеят да изработят бомбата преди останалите. Назначен е за ръководител на група по теоретични изчисления. Поради секретността на проекта, учените които работят в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лос Аламос">Лос Аламос</a>, са изолирани от останалия свят. За да не скучае, Ричард Файнман измисля различни занимания&#160;– едно от тях е да свири на своите <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Барабан">барабани</a> „бонго“ в индиански стил, а другото е да се шегува с колегите си като открива комбинациите на техните <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Катинар">катинари</a>. </p><p>По време на пребиваването си в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ню Мексико">Ню Мексико</a> той често разговаря с друг известен физик&#160;– <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Нилс Бор">Нилс Бор</a>, а също така става приятел с ръководителя на проекта <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Робърт Опенхаймер">Робърт Опенхаймер</a>. Присъства и участва в ядрените тестове <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82)" title="Тринити (опит)">„Тринити“</a> (<i>Trinity</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="В_Корнел"><span id=".D0.92_.D0.9A.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BB"></span>В Корнел</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: В Корнел" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: В Корнел"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/250px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/375px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg/500px-Feynmann_Diagram_Gluon_Radiation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>На тази <b>диаграма на Файнман</b> един <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електрон</a> и един <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Позитрон">позитрон</a> анихилират при което се получава виртуален <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фотон">фотон</a>, който се преобразува в двойка <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Кварк">кварк</a>-<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Антикварк">антикварк</a>. (времето тече от ляво надясно, а пространствената ос от горе надолу)</figcaption></figure> <p>След приключване на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора световна война">Втора световна война</a> и на проекта Манхатън, Ричард Файнман започва работа като професор в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Корнел">Корнел</a>. Той обича да преподава. Често казва, че ако нещо не може да бъде обяснено на ниво студент първи курс, значи все още не е разбрано напълно. Той намира вдъхновение в своите лекции и счита, че контактът със студентите е важен както за тях, така и за него. Смята, че за един учен е самоубийство на кариерата му ако отдаде целия си живот само науката без да я комбинира с преподаване. Твърди че понякога учениците му, са тези които са го връщали към важни въпроси, над които и той е разсаждавал на тяхна възраст но не е могъл да намери отговор, което му е давало стимул да възстанови работата си по тях. Учуден е от факта, че получава предложения за работа от много елитни висши учебни заведения. Той избира Калифорнийския технологичен институт, от една страна заради мекия климат, от друга заради възможността да преподава, а не да се занимава само с изследователска работа. Последното е причината да отхвърли предложението на Принстън. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="В_Калтек"><span id=".D0.92_.D0.9A.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BA"></span>В Калтек</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: В Калтек" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: В Калтек"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>През <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> Файнман започва работа като професор по <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Теоретична физика">теоретична физика</a> в Калифорнийския технологичен институт. Той започва работа по <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова електродинамика">квантова електродинамика</a>, по атомното обяснение на теорията и поведението на течния <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хелий">хелий</a> (при температура около 2К) и по развитието на теорията на слабите взаимодействия (например <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Бета разпад">бета лъчението</a>). Публикува статии за вихрите в свръхфлуидния хелий. Разработва метод на интегрирането по траектории в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантова механика">квантовата механика</a>. Последните му научни занимания са на тема силни взаимодействия (на ниво <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Кварк">кварки</a>). </p><p>През <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a> е помолен да напише нов учебник по <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физика</a>. Три години по-късно от печат излиза тритомното издание „<i>Лекции по физика</i>“<sup id="cite_ref-Lectures_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lectures-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, курс от лекции за висшите учебни заведения, който се превръща в класика и настолно четиво за много физици. </p><p>Диаграмите на Файнман са в основата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Теория на суперструните">теорията на суперструните</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="М-теория">М-теорията</a>. </p><p>Ричард Файнман се отличава с изключителна оригиналност в мисленето, с остроумие, със свободолюбивия си и независим дух, с нежеланието си да се подчинява на авторитети, с артистичност (научава се да рисува на 44 години) и ексцентричност. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Фриймън Дайсън">Фриймън Дайсън</a> казва за него: <i>полу-гений, полу-палячо</i>, но след това го ревизира на <i>пълен гений, пълен палячо</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Анализ_на_катастрофата_с_Чалънджър"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B7_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D1.81_.D0.A7.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8A.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B6.D1.8A.D1.80"></span>Анализ на катастрофата с Чалънджър</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Анализ на катастрофата с Чалънджър" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Анализ на катастрофата с Чалънджър"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Challenger_explosion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/220px-Challenger_explosion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/330px-Challenger_explosion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/440px-Challenger_explosion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3555" data-file-height="2879" /></a><figcaption>Експлозията на „Чалънджър“</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/220px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/330px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg/440px-Challenger_flight_51-l_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3869" data-file-height="3095" /></a><figcaption>Групова снимка на екипажа</figcaption></figure> <p>На <a href="/wiki/28_%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="28 януари">28 януари</a> <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> година 73 секунди след изстрелването от стартовата площадка се взривява космическата совалка <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Чалънджър (совалка)">Чалънджър</a> със седем души на борда. Всички загиват. Създадена е президентска комисия за разясняване на причините за катастрофата. В нея се включва и Файнман, основно по настояване на съпругата си. Именно той установява, че причина за трагедията е проблем с уплътненията в горивните резервоари. Пред комисията той демонстрира с елементарен опит, използвайки само кана с вода, лед и клещи, че гумените уплътнения губят еластичността си при ниски температури, това нарушава херметичността и топлите газове нахлуват в камерата. Всичко това се излъчва на живо по <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Телевизия">телевизията</a>. Известен с неподчинението си на авторитети, Файнман обвинява <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%90" title="НАСА">НАСА</a>, че <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Астронав (страницата не съществува)">астронавтите</a> са принесени в жертва на политическите амбиции на ръководството. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Личен_живот"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.B6.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.82"></span>Личен живот</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Личен живот" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Личен живот"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Първата съпруга на Ричард Файнман е Арлийн Грийнбаум, която умира от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Туберкулоза">туберкулоза</a> на <a href="/wiki/16_%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="16 юни">16 юни</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>. След смъртта ѝ е дълбоко съкрушен, опитвайки се да преодолее тъгата със свирене на бонго. През <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> се жени повторно, за Мари Луиз Бел, но този брак не просъществува дълго. Третата му съпруга е Гуинет Хауарт, англичанка. От този брак има две деца&#160;– Карл Ричард, компютърен инженер (роден <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>) и Мишел Катрин (осиновена <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>). </p><p>Третата му жена споделя неговия ентусиазъм за приключения и пътешествия. Голям почитател на природата, той извършва с нея пътувания до много места, посещава многократно <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Мексико">Мексико</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бразилия">Бразилия</a>. Мечтата на Файнман е да посети <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тува">Тува</a>, тогава автономна област на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Съюз на съветските социалистически републики">СССР</a> (от <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> Република Тува). Силно е впечатлен от руското изкуство, природата и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пощенска марка">пощенските им марки</a> с триъгълна форма. Поради бюрократични спънки и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Студената война">Студената война</a> дълго време му отказват. Но той не е човек, който лесно се примирява. Започва да праща писма до руски вестници, свои снимки до кола с регистрационен номер TUVA (<i>Тува</i>) и предлага да изнася безплатни лекции. Със съдействието на професор Андрей Капица, след дългогодишна кореспонденция, Ричард Файнман и неговите колеги получават официална покана от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Академията на науките на СССР">Академията на науките на СССР</a> да посетят Тува, като при това Академията обещава да поеме всички техни разноски. Поканата е подписана на <a href="/wiki/19_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="19 февруари">19 февруари</a> <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> По ирония на съдбата това се случва 4 дни след неговата смърт. Визитата все пак се осъществява от дъщеря му Мишел, на <a href="/wiki/8_%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="8 юни">8 юни</a> <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>. </p><p>Колата, която кара, е изрисувана с негови диаграми, а номерът ѝ е QANTUM. Това е само една от многото причини, поради които е считан за ексцентрик. Някои от другите са увлечението му по <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Парапсихология">парапсихологията</a>, опитите с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Марихуана">марихуана</a> и опитите за разчитане на <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Йероглиф">йероглифите</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Маи">маите</a>. Въпреки че корените му са еврейски, той е <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Атеисти">атеист</a> и отказва да бъде включван в списъци или книги на хора, класифицирани по расов признак: </p> <table cellpadding="10" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; border-style:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:#B2B7F2; font-size:2.3em; font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:bottom;">„ </td> <td style="font-style:normal;"><i>Да се подбират хора, официално одобрени според странни специфични елементи, които произхождат от предполагаема еврейска наследственост е отворена врата към всякакъв вид нелепости на расова основа. Спрях да вярвам, че евреите са „избрана нация“ още на 13.</i> </td> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:#B2B7F2; font-size:2.3em; font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top">“ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Към края на <a href="/w/index.php?title=70-%D1%82%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="70-те (страницата не съществува)">70-те</a> години се установява, че е болен от две различни и редки форми на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Рак (болест)">рак</a>, най-вероятно последица от участието му в ядрените опити в Лос Аламос. След няколко операции и след като <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Бъбреци">бъбреците</a> му отказват да функционират, Ричард Файнман умира на <a href="/wiki/15_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="15 февруари">15 февруари</a> <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> година. Студентите му спускат огромен надпис от покрива на Калтех, на който се чете „Обичаме те, Дик“ (<i>We love you, Dick</i>). Погребан е в <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Алтадена (страницата не съществува)">Алтадена</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Калифорния">Калифорния</a>. Последните му думи: </p> <table cellpadding="10" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; border-style:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:#B2B7F2; font-size:2.3em; font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:bottom;">„ </td> <td style="font-style:normal;"><i>Не искам да умирам два пъти. Много е досадно.</i> </td> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:#B2B7F2; font-size:2.3em; font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:top">“ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Външни препратки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREF2000" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411010530/http://wop.fpni.eu/digital_pdf/wop/1_2000.pdf">Ричард Файнман – познатият и непознатият, част 1</a>&#32;//&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Светът на физиката">Светът на физиката</a> бр.1, стр.84. &#32;2000.&#32; Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wop.fpni.eu/digital_pdf/wop/1_2000.pdf">оригинала</a>&#32;на 2016-04-11.&#32;Посетен на 7 май2016.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF2000" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411071341/http://wop.fpni.eu/digital_pdf/wop/2_2000.pdf">Ричард Файнман – познатият и непознатият, част 2</a>&#32;//&#32; Светът на физиката бр.2, стр.89. &#32;2000.&#32; Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wop.fpni.eu/digital_pdf/wop/2_2000.pdf">оригинала</a>&#32;на 2016-04-11.&#32;Посетен на 7 май2016.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF2000" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411130733/http://wop.fpni.eu/digital_pdf/wop/3_2000.pdf">Ричард Файнман – познатият и непознатият, част 3</a>&#32;//&#32; Светът на физиката бр.3, стр.81. &#32;2000.&#32; Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wop.fpni.eu/digital_pdf/wop/3_2000.pdf">оригинала</a>&#32;на 2016-04-11.&#32;Посетен на 7 май2016.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF2000" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411131237/http://wop.fpni.eu/digital_pdf/wop/4_2000.pdf">Ричард Файнман – познатият и непознатият, част 4</a>&#32;//&#32; Светът на физиката бр.4, стр.90. &#32;2000.&#32; Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wop.fpni.eu/digital_pdf/wop/4_2000.pdf">оригинала</a>&#32;на 2016-04-11.&#32;Посетен на 7 май2016.</cite></li> <li><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amasci.com/feynman.html">страница за Ричард Файнман</a> на сайта SCIENCE HOBBYIST с препратки към лекците му и много видеа</li> <li><span class="ref-info" title="на английски" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#555;">(англ.)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/feynman-bio.html">Ричард Файнман на страниците за Нобелова награда</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.imdb.com/title/tt0116635/">Безкрайност (Infinity, 1996)</a> биографичен филм</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tropcho.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/feynman-speech/">Реч на Файнман от 1974 г. по случай завършването на студентите от Калтек</a>; <span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На английски език"><b>(</b>(en)<b>)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/51/2/CargoCult.pdf">оригинална публикация</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 87%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 2px; text-align: left; float: right;"><div style="float: left; padding:5px 7px 5px 7px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Уикицитат"><img alt="Уикицитат" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/37px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/56px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/74px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><figcaption>Уикицитат</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:40px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Уикицитат">Уикицитат</a> съдържа колекция от цитати от/за <div class="interProject"><a href="https://bg.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="q:Ричард Файнман"><b>Ричард Файнман</b></a>.</div></div></div> <ul><li><span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На английски език"><b>(</b>(en)<b>)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/apps/tools/tuva/">Проект Тува&#160;– видеозапис от седем лекции от поредицата Месънджър, дадени от Файнман в университета Корнел, 1964</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/programs/2019_bestmind.html">Best mind since Einstein</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html">Transcript of There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lectures-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lectures_3-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lectures_3-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Feynman • Leighton • Sands. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_toc.html">The Feynman Lectures on Physics</a>&#32;//&#32; &#32;Посетен на 13 май 2023.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">„No ordinary genius“, Christopher Sikes, 1994</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff;;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шаблон:Нобел физика"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";background:#ccccff;;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона" style=";background:#ccccff;;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";background:#ccccff;;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нобелова награда за физика">Нобелова награда за физика</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категория:Носители на Нобелова награда за физика">Лауреати на наградата</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">1901 - 1919</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Вилхелм Рьонтген">Рьонтген</a> (1901) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Хендрик Лоренц">Лоренц</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Питер Зееман">Зееман</a> (1902) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Анри Бекерел">Бекерел</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пиер Кюри">Пиер Кюри</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мария Кюри">Мария Кюри</a> (1903) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%82" title="Джон Уилям Стрът">Релей</a> (1904) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Филип Ленард">Ленард</a> (1905) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Джоузеф Джон Томсън">Дж.Дж.Томсън</a> (1906) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Албърт Майкелсън">Майкелсън</a> (1907) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Габриел Липман">Липман</a> (1908) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Гулиелмо Маркони">Маркони</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Карл Фердинанд Браун">Браун</a> (1909) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Йоханес ван дер Ваалс">Ван&#160;дер&#160;Ваалс</a> (1910) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Вилхелм Вин">Вин</a> (1911) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Нилс Густаф Дален">Дален</a> (1912) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Хейке Камерлинг Онес">Камерлинг&#160;Онес</a> (1913) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Макс фон Лауе">Фон&#160;Лауе</a> (1914) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уилям Лорънс Браг">Уилям Л. Браг</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уилям Хенри Браг">Уилям Х. Браг</a> (1915) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Чарлз Гловър Баркла">Баркла</a> (1917) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк">Планк</a> (1918) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Йоханес Щарк">Щарк</a> (1919)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">1920 - 1939</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Шарл Едуар Гийом">Гийом</a> (1920) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Алберт Айнщайн">Айнщайн</a> (1921) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Нилс Бор">Бор</a> (1922) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Робърт Миликан">Миликан</a> (1923) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мане Сигбан">Сигбан</a> (1924) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Джеймс Франк">Франк</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86" title="Густав Лудвиг Херц">Херц</a> (1925) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Батист Перен">Перен</a> (1926) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Артър Холи Комптън">Комптън</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Чарлс Уилсън">Ч.Уилсън</a> (1927) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Оуен Ричардсън">О.Ричардсън</a> (1928) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Луи дьо Бройл">Дьо&#160;Бройл</a> (1929) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Венката Раман">Раман</a> (1930) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Хайзенберг">Хайзенберг</a> (1932) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервин Шрьодингер">Шрьодингер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пол Дирак">Дирак</a> (1933) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Джеймс Чадуик">Чадуик</a> (1935) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Виктор Франц Хес">Хес</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Карл Дейвид Андерсън">Андерсън</a> (1936) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Клинтън Дейвисън">Дейвисън</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Джордж Паджет Томсън">Дж.П.Томсън</a> (1937) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Енрико Ферми">Ферми</a> (1938) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%AA%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Ърнест Лорънс">Лорънс</a> (1939)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">1940 - 1959</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Ото Щерн">Щерн</a> (1943) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Изидор Раби">Раби</a> (1944) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Волфганг Паули">Паули</a> (1945) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пърси Уилямс Бриджман">Бриджман</a> (1946) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%95%D0%BF%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Едуард Виктор Епълтън">Епълтън</a> (1947) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Патрик Блакет">Блакет</a> (1948) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%AE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хидеки Юкава">Юкава</a> (1949) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Сесил Франк Поуел">Поуел</a> (1950) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%82" title="Джон Кокрофт">Кокрофт</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%AA%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Ърнест Уолтън">Уолтън</a> (1951) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Феликс Блох">Блох</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Едуард Милс Пърсел">Пърсел</a> (1952) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Фриц Цернике">Цернике</a> (1953) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Макс Борн">Борн</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Валтер Боте">Боте</a> (1954) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Уилис Лам">Лам</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88" title="Поликарп Куш">Куш</a> (1955) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Уилям Шокли">Шокли</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Бардийн">Бардийн</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Уолтър Братейн">Братейн</a> (1956) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BD" title="Джъннин Ян">Ян</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B8" title="Джъндао Ли">Ли</a> (1957) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Павел Черенков">Черенков</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Иля Франк">Франк</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Игор Там">Там</a> (1958) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Емилио Сегре">Сегре</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Оуен Чембърлейн">Чембърлейн</a> (1959)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">1960 - 1979</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Доналд Глейзър">Глейзър</a> (1960) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Роберт Хофщетер">Хофщетер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%9C%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Рудолф Мьосбауер">Мьосбауер</a> (1961) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Лев Ландау">Ландау</a> (1962) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Юджин Уигнър">Уигнър</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мария Гьоперт-Майер">Гьоперт-Майер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ханс Йенсен">Йенсен</a> (1963) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Чарлз Хард Таунс">Таунс</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Николай Басов">Басов</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александър Прохоров">Прохоров</a> (1964) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Шиничиро Томонага">Томонага</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джулиан Швингър">Швингър</a>,&#160;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Файнман</a> (1965) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алфред Кастлер">Кастлер</a> (1966) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Ханс Бете">Бете</a> (1967) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Луис Алварес">Алварес</a> (1968) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мъри Гел-Ман">Гел-Ман</a> (1969) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ханес Алфвен">Алфвен</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Луи Неел">Неел</a> (1970) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Денис Габор">Габор</a> (1971) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джон Бардийн">Бардийн</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Лион Купър">Купър</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джон Робърт Шрифър">Шрифър</a> (1972) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лео Есаки">Есаки</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ивар Йевер">Йевер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Брайън Джоузефсън">Джоузефсън</a> (1973) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Мартин Райл">Райл</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%8E%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Антъни Хюиш">Хюиш</a> (1974) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Оге Нилс Бор">Нилс Бор</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бен Рой Мотелсон">Мотелсон</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джеймс Рейнуотър">Рейнуотър</a> (1975) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бъртън Рихтер">Рихтер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8E%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Самюел Тинг">Тинг</a> (1976) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Филип Уорън Андерсън">Андерсън</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Невил Франсис Мот">Мот</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Джон ван Флек">Ван&#160;Флек</a> (1977) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пьотър Капица">Капица</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Арно Пензиас">Пензиас</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Робърт Удроу Уилсън">Р.Уилсън</a> (1978) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Шелдън Глашоу">Глашоу</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Абдус Салам">Салам</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Стивън Уайнбърг">Уайнбърг</a> (1979)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">1980 - 1999</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Кронин">Кронин</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Вал Логсдън Фич">Фич</a> (1980) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Николас Блумберген">Блумберген</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Артър Шолоу">Шолоу</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кай Сигбан">К. Сигбан</a> (1981) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Кенет Уилсън">К.Уилсън</a> (1982) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Субраманиан Чандрасекар">Чандрасекар</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Уилям Алфред Фаулър">Фаулър</a> (1983) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Карло Рубия">Рубия</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Симон ван дер Меер">Ван&#160;дер&#160;Меер</a> (1984) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Клаус фон Клицинг">Фон&#160;Клицинг</a> (1985) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ернст Руска">Руска</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Герд Биниг">Биниг</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хайнрих Рорер">Рорер</a> (1986) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86" title="Йохан Георг Беднорц">Беднорц</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Карл Мюлер">Мюлер</a> (1987) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лион Ледърман">Ледърман</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86" title="Мелвин Шварц">Шварц</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джак Стайнбъргър">Стайнбъргър</a> (1988) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Норман Рамзи">Рамзи</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Ханс Георг Демелт">Демелт</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Волфганг Паул">Паул</a> (1989) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джеръм Фридман">Фридман</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Хенри Кендъл">Кендъл</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Ричард Тейлър (физик)">Тейлър</a> (1990) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Пиер-Жил дьо Жен">Дьо&#160;Жен</a> (1991) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Жорж Шарпак">Шарпак</a> (1992) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Ръсел Хълс">Хълс</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джоузеф Тейлър">Тейлър</a> (1993) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Бъртрам Брокхауз">Брокхауз</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Клифърд Шул">Шул</a> (1994) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Мартин Пърл">Пърл</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Фредерик Рейнс">Рейнс</a> (1995) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дейвид Лий">Лий</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Дъглас Ошероф">Ошероф</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Робърт Ричардсън">Р.Ричардсън</a> (1996) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D1%83" title="Стивън Чу">Чу</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Клод Коен-Тануджи">Коен-Тануджи</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Уилям Филипс">Филипс</a> (1997) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Робърт Лафлин">Лафлин</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A9%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хорст Щьормер">Щьормер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A6%D0%B8" title="Даниъл Ци">Ци</a> (1998) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%27%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%82" title="Герардус &#39;т Хоофт">'Т&#160;Хоофт</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мартинус Велтман">Велтман</a> (1999)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">2000 - 2019</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Жорес Алфьоров">Алфьоров</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Херберт Крьомер">Крьомер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Джак Килби">Килби</a> (2000) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ерик Корнел">Корнел</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Волфганг Кетерле">Кетерле</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Карл Уиман">Уиман</a> (2001) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Реймънд Дейвис">Дейвис</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Масатоши Кошиба">Кошиба</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рикардо Джакони">Джакони</a> (2002) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Алексей Абрикосов (физик)">Абрикосов</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Виталий Гинзбург">Гинзбург</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Антъни Легет">Легет</a> (2003) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Дейвид Грос">Грос</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Дейвид Полицер">Полицер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Франк Уилчек">Уилчек</a> (2004) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Рой Глаубер">Глаубер</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Джон Хол">Хол</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88" title="Теодор Хенш">Хeнш</a> (2005) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джон Мадър">Мадър</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Джордж Смут">Смут</a> (2006) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Албер Ферт">Ферт</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Петер Грюнберг">Грюнберг</a> (2007) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83" title="Йоичиро Намбу">Намбу</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Макото Кобаяши">Кобаяши</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тошихиде Маскава">Маскава</a> (2008) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Чарлз Као">Као</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Уилард Бойл">Бойл</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Джордж Смит (физик)">Смит</a> (2009) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Андре Гейм">Гейм</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Константин Новосьолов">Новосьолов</a> (2010) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Сол Пърлмутър">Пърлмутър</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Брайън Шмит">Шмит</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Адам Рийс">Рийс</a> (2011) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Серж Арош">Арош</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Дейвид Уайнленд">Уайнленд</a> (2012) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81" title="Питър Хигс">Хигс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Франсоа Англер">Англер</a> (2013) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Исаму Акасаки">Акасаки</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Хироши Амано">Амано</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шуджи Накамура">Накамура</a> (2014) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Такааки Каджита">Каджита</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Артър Макдоналд">Макдоналд</a> (2015) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Дейвид Таулес">Таулес</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дънкан Халдейн">Халдейн</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Майкъл Костерлиц">Костерлиц</a> (2016) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Райнър Уайс">Уайс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Кип Торн">Торн</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Бари Бариш">Бариш</a> (2017) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Артър Ашкин">Ашкин</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Жерар Муру">Муру</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Дона Стрикланд">Стрикланд</a> (2018) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Джим Пийбълс">Пийбълс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Мишел Майор">Майор</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Дидие Кело">Кело</a> (2019)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">2020 - 2039</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Роджър Пенроуз">Пенроуз</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Райнхард Генцел">Генцел</a>,&#160;<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Андреа Гез">Гез</a> (2020) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Сюкуро Манабе">Манабе</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Клаус Хаселман">Хаселман</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Джорджо Паризи">Паризи</a> (2021) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Ален Аспе">Аспе</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джон Клаузър">Клаузър</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антон Цайлингер">Цайлингер</a> (2022) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD_%D0%9B%27%D0%AE%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Ан Л&#39;Юие">Л'Юие</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Ференц Краус">Краус</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Пиер Агостини">Агостини</a> (2023) &#160;•&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Хопфилд (страницата не съществува)">Хопфилд</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Джефри Хинтън (страницата не съществува)">Хинтън</a> (2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6df7948d6c‐s7qnt Cached time: 20241127165716 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.550 seconds Real time usage: 1.764 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4482/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 92293/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 20841/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 17/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3131/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.251/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 22904244/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity 520 ms 38.2% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 440 ms 32.4% ? 100 ms 7.4% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 80 ms 5.9% type 80 ms 5.9% (for generator) 40 ms 2.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 40 ms 2.9% maskEntityTable <mw.wikibase.entity.lua:69> 20 ms 1.5% <Модул:Wd:2258> 20 ms 1.5% preprocessArgs <Модул:Infobox:481> 20 ms 1.5% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 15/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1625.233 1 -total 91.69% 1490.190 2 Шаблон:Infobox 91.28% 1483.496 1 Шаблон:Личност 31.46% 511.359 36 Шаблон:Wd 6.33% 102.924 6 Шаблон:Data 4.11% 66.747 2 Шаблон:Във 3.14% 51.059 1 Шаблон:Нобел_физика 2.97% 48.227 5 Шаблон:Цитат_уеб 2.77% 45.056 5 Шаблон:Cite 1.93% 31.287 1 Шаблон:Навигационен_шаблон --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key bgwiki:pcache:idhash:51793-0!canonical and timestamp 20241127165716 and revision id 11985129. 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