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id="toc-Mason_Science_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mason_Science_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Mason Science College </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mason_Science_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Royal charter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Expansion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_discoveries_and_inventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_discoveries_and_inventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Scientific discoveries and inventions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_discoveries_and_inventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Recent history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Controversies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Campuses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Campuses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Edgbaston_campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edgbaston_campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Edgbaston campus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edgbaston_campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Original buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s_and_modern_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_and_modern_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 1960s and modern expansion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_and_modern_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Other features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selly_Oak_campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selly_Oak_campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Selly Oak campus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selly_Oak_campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mason_College_and_Queen's_College_campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mason_College_and_Queen's_College_campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mason College and Queen's College campus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mason_College_and_Queen's_College_campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dubai_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dubai_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Dubai Campus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dubai_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organisation and administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organisation and administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academic_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Academic departments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Development_Department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Development_Department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 International Development Department </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Development_Department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Off-campus_establishments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Off-campus_establishments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Off-campus establishments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Off-campus_establishments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_of_Birmingham_Observatory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Birmingham_Observatory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 University of Birmingham Observatory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Birmingham_Observatory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Branding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Academic profile </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academic_profile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Academic profile subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Academic_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Libraries_and_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries_and_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Libraries and collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries_and_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Medicine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Rankings and reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Admissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birmingham_Heroes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birmingham_Heroes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Birmingham Heroes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birmingham_Heroes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birmingham_Fellows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birmingham_Fellows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Birmingham Fellows </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birmingham_Fellows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 International cooperation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Student life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Student life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guild_of_Students" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guild_of_Students"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Guild of Students </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guild_of_Students-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Housing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vale_Village" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vale_Village"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Vale Village </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vale_Village-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pritchatts_Park_Village" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pritchatts_Park_Village"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Pritchatts Park Village </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pritchatts_Park_Village-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selly_Oak_Village" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selly_Oak_Village"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Selly Oak Village </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selly_Oak_Village-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Manor_House,_Northfield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Manor_House,_Northfield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.4 The Manor House, Northfield </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Manor_House,_Northfield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_Housing_Co-operative_accommodation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_Housing_Co-operative_accommodation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.5 Student Housing Co-operative accommodation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_Housing_Co-operative_accommodation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Academics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Alumni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">University of Birmingham</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" > 55 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Birmingham" title="Universiteit van Birmingham – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Universiteit van Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جامعة برمنغهام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة برمنغهام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_Birmingham" title="Universidá de Birmingham – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universidá de Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birminhem_Universiteti" title="Birminhem Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Birminhem Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بیرمنقام بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرمنقام بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="বার্মিংহাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বার্মিংহাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Бирмингем университеты – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бирмингем университеты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Бірмінгемскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бірмінгемскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Бирмингамски университет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бирмингамски университет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Birmingham" title="Universitat de Birmingham – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzita_v_Birminghamu" title="Univerzita v Birminghamu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Univerzita v Birminghamu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Birmingham" title="Prifysgol Birmingham – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="University of Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="University of Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birminghami_%C3%9Clikool" title="Birminghami Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Birminghami Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BC" title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Μπέρμιγχαμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Μπέρμιγχαμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Birmingham" title="Universidad de Birmingham – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Birmingham" title="Universitato de Birmingham – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birminghamgo_Unibertsitatea" title="Birminghamgo Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Birminghamgo Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="دانشگاه بیرمنگام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه بیرمنگام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Birmingham" title="Université de Birmingham – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EB%B0%8D%EC%97%84_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="버밍엄 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버밍엄 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բիրմինգհեմի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բիրմինգհեմի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Birminghamu" title="Sveučilište u Birminghamu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveučilište u Birminghamu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Birmingham" title="Universitas Birmingham – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1sk%C3%B3linn_%C3%AD_Birmingham" title="Háskólinn í Birmingham – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Háskólinn í Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Birmingham" title="Università di Birmingham – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אוניברסיטת ברמינגהאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת ברמינגהאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Birminghamiensis" title="Universitas Birminghamiensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Birminghamiensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingamo_universitetas" title="Birmingamo universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Birmingamo universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جامعة برمنجهام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة برمنجهام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Birmingham" title="Universiti Birmingham – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Birmingham" title="Universiteit van Birmingham – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="バーミンガム大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーミンガム大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="University of Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%85_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="برمنگھم یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برمنگھم یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="University of Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Birmingham" title="Universidade de Birmingham – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Birmingham" title="Universitatea din Birmingham – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Бирмингемский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бирмингемский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Birminghamu" title="Univerzitet u Birminghamu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet u Birminghamu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birminghamin_yliopisto" title="Birminghamin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Birminghamin yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Birmingham" title="Universitetet i Birmingham – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universitetet i Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Birmingham" title="Unibersidad ng Birmingham – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1" title="มหาวิทยาลัยเบอร์มิงแฮม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยเบอร์มิงแฮม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Донишгоҳи Бирмингҳам – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишгоҳи Бирмингҳам" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Birmingham Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birmingham Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Бірмінгемський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бірмінгемський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%85" title="جامعہ برمنگھم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جامعہ برمنگھم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%89%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89" title="بىرمىنگام ئۇنىۋېرستېتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بىرمىنگام ئۇنىۋېرستېتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Birmingham" title="Đại học Birmingham – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Birmingham" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%8E%E7%BF%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="伯明翰大学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伯明翰大学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%8E%E7%BF%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="伯明翰大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伯明翰大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%98%8E%E7%BF%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="伯明翰大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伯明翰大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Birmingham&params=52_27_2_N_1_55_50_W_">52°27′2″N 1°55′50″W / 52.45056°N 1.93056°W / 52.45056; -1.93056</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">University in Birmingham, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City University</a> or <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_at_Birmingham" title="University of Alabama at Birmingham">University of Alabama at Birmingham</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Birmingham</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_the_University_of_Birmingham.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shield_of_the_University_of_Birmingham.svg/150px-Shield_of_the_University_of_Birmingham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shield_of_the_University_of_Birmingham.svg/225px-Shield_of_the_University_of_Birmingham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Shield_of_the_University_of_Birmingham.svg/300px-Shield_of_the_University_of_Birmingham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2053" data-file-height="2401" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">Coat of arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Universitas Birminghamiensis<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Per_ardua_ad_alta" class="mw-redirect" title="Per ardua ad alta">Per Ardua ad Alta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Through efforts to heights<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1825 – Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery</li><li>1836 – <a href="/wiki/William_Sands_Cox" title="William Sands Cox">Birmingham Royal School of Medicine and Surgery</a></li><li>1843 – <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Birmingham" title="Queen's College, Birmingham">Queen's College</a></li><li>1875 – <a href="/wiki/Mason_Science_College" title="Mason Science College">Mason Science College</a><a href="#cite_note-Mason-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_First_Civic_University-4">[4]</a></li><li>1898 – <a href="/wiki/Mason_University_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason University College">Mason University College</a></li><li>1900 – gained <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">university status</a> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">£142.5 million (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Birmingham_Financial_Statement_22/23-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£909.1 million (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-Birmingham_Financial_Statement_22/23-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sandie_Okoro" title="Sandie Okoro">Sandie Okoro</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Tickell" title="Adam Tickell">Adam Tickell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Visitor" title="Visitor">Visitor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The Rt Hon <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Powell" title="Lucy Powell">Lucy Powell</a> MP (as <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,260 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAStaff-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">38,710 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESA_citation-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24,885 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESA_citation-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,825 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESA_citation-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Birmingham&params=52_27_2_N_1_55_50_W_">52°27′2″N 1°55′50″W / 52.45056°N 1.93056°W / 52.45056; -1.93056</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Urban, suburban</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The University <table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td><td style="background: #FDD017; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td><td style="background: #E42217; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #306EFF;"> </td> <td style="background: #306EFF;"> </td> <td style="background: #306EFF;"> </td><td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td> <td style="background: #0000A0;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>College scarves</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> College of Arts and Law <table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td><td style="background: #306EFF;"> </td> <td style="background: #306EFF;"> </td><td style="background: white; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td><td style="background: #306EFF;"> </td> <td style="background: #306EFF;"> </td><td style="background: white; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> College of Social Sciences <table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td> <td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td><td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td> <td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td><td style="background: #800517; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: white; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td> <td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td><td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td> <td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td><td style="background: white; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #800517; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td> <td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td><td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td> <td style="background: #461B7E;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> College of Life and Environmental Sciences <table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td><td style="background: #f00; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #FF0; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td><td style="background: #F00; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #FF0; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td> <td style="background: #000;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> College of Engineering and Physical Sciences <table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td><td style="background: #FFD700; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #fff;"> </td> <td style="background: #fff;"> </td><td style="background: #FFD700; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td> <td style="background: #010963;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> College of Medical and Dental Sciences <table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: black;"> </td> <td style="background: black;"> </td> <td style="background: black;"> </td><td style="background: #FDD017; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: maroon;"> </td> <td style="background: maroon;"> </td><td style="background: #FDD017; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: black;"> </td> <td style="background: black;"> </td> <td style="background: black;"> </td><td style="background: #FDD017; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: maroon;"> </td> <td style="background: maroon;"> </td><td style="background: #FDD017; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: black;"> </td> <td style="background: black;"> </td> <td style="background: black;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">ACU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_Innovation" title="Midlands Innovation">Midlands Innovation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton 13">Sutton 13</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universitas_21" title="Universitas 21">Universitas 21</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birmingham.ac.uk/">birmingham.ac.uk</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223429#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Birmingham_logo.svg/220px-Birmingham_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Birmingham_logo.svg/330px-Birmingham_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5d/Birmingham_logo.svg/440px-Birmingham_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="90" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England. It received its <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> in 1900 as a successor to <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Birmingham" title="Queen's College, Birmingham">Queen's College, Birmingham</a> (founded in 1825 as the <a href="/wiki/William_Sands_Cox" title="William Sands Cox">Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Mason_Science_College" title="Mason Science College">Mason Science College</a> (established in 1875 by Sir <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Mason" title="Josiah Mason">Josiah Mason</a>), making it the first English <a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">civic or 'red brick' university</a> to receive its own royal charter, and the first English <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">unitary university</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mason-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> It is a founding member of both the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a> of British research universities and the international network of research universities, <a href="/wiki/Universitas_21" title="Universitas 21">Universitas 21</a>. The student population includes 24,885 undergraduate and 13,825 postgraduate students (2022/23), which is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrollment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrollment">10th largest</a> in the UK (out of 169).<a href="#cite_note-HESA_citation-8">[8]</a> The annual income of the university for 2022–23 was £909.1 million of which £196.7 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £884.7 million.<a href="#cite_note-Birmingham_Financial_Statement_22/23-5">[5]</a> In the 2021 <a href="/wiki/Research_Excellence_Framework" title="Research Excellence Framework">Research Excellence Framework</a>, the University of Birmingham ranked equal 13th out of 129 institutions on grade point average, up from equal 31st in the previous REF in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The university is home to the <a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute of Fine Arts</a>, housing works by <a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Gogh">Van Gogh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monet" class="mw-redirect" title="Monet">Monet</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a>; the Cadbury Research Library, the <a href="/wiki/Mingana_Collection" title="Mingana Collection">Mingana Collection</a> of Middle Eastern manuscripts; the <a href="/wiki/Lapworth_Museum_of_Geology" title="Lapworth Museum of Geology">Lapworth Museum of Geology</a>; and the 100-metre <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain_Memorial_Clock_Tower" title="Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower">Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower</a>, which is a prominent landmark visible from many parts of the city.<a href="#cite_note-CTBUH-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Birmingham_academics" title="List of University of Birmingham academics">Academics</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Birmingham_alumni" title="List of University of Birmingham alumni">alumni</a> of the university include former British Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-K._Feiling,_1970-15">[15]</a> the British composer <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Elgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edward Elgar">Sir Edward Elgar</a> and eleven <a href="/wiki/Nobel_laureates" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel laureates">Nobel laureates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Queen's_College">Queen's College</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Queen's College">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bbuilding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bbuilding.jpg/220px-Bbuilding.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bbuilding.jpg/330px-Bbuilding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bbuilding.jpg/440px-Bbuilding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A view across Chancellor's Court, towards the Law building</figcaption></figure> The earliest beginnings of the university were originally traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Birmingham" title="Queen's College, Birmingham">Queen's College</a>, which is linked to <a href="/wiki/William_Sands_Cox" title="William Sands Cox">William Sands Cox</a> in his aim of creating a medical school along strictly Christian lines, unlike the contemporary London medical schools.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Further research[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>] revealed the roots of the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Medical School">Birmingham Medical School</a> in the medical education seminars of John Tomlinson, the first surgeon to the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Workhouse_Infirmary" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Workhouse Infirmary">Birmingham Workhouse Infirmary</a>, and later to the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_General_Hospital" title="Birmingham General Hospital">Birmingham General Hospital</a>. These classes, held in the winter of 1767–68, were the first such lectures ever held in England or Wales. The first clinical teaching was undertaken by medical apprentices at the General Hospital, founded in 1779. The medical school which grew out of the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> Workhouse Infirmary was founded in 1828, but Cox began teaching in December 1825. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> granted her patronage to the Clinical Hospital in Birmingham and allowed it to be styled "The Queen's Hospital". It was the first provincial teaching hospital in England. In 1843, the medical college became known as Queen's College.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mason_Science_College">Mason Science College</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mason Science College">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallaston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Hallaston.jpg/170px-Hallaston.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Hallaston.jpg/255px-Hallaston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Hallaston.jpg/340px-Hallaston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Ceiling of the Aston Webb building</figcaption></figure> In 1870, Sir <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Mason" title="Josiah Mason">Josiah Mason</a>, the Birmingham <a href="/wiki/Industrialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialist">industrialist</a> and philanthropist, who made his fortune in making key rings, pens, pen nibs and electroplating, drew up the Foundation Deed for <a href="/wiki/Mason_Science_College" title="Mason Science College">Mason Science College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_First_Civic_University-4">[4]</a> The college was founded in 1875.<a href="#cite_note-Mason-3">[3]</a> It was this institution that would eventually form the nucleus of the University of Birmingham. In 1882, the Departments of Chemistry, Botany and Physiology were transferred to Mason Science College, soon followed by the Departments of Physics and <a href="/wiki/Comparative_Anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative Anatomy">Comparative Anatomy</a>. The transfer of the Medical School to Mason Science College gave considerable impetus to the growing importance of that college and in 1896 a move to incorporate it as a <a href="/wiki/University_college" title="University college">university college</a> was made. As the result of the <a href="/wiki/Mason_University_College_Act_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason University College Act 1897">Mason University College Act 1897</a> (<a href="/wiki/60_%26_61_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="60 & 61 Vict.">60 & 61 Vict.</a> c. xx) it became incorporated as Mason University College on 1 January 1898, with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a> becoming the President of its Court of Governors. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_charter">Royal charter</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Royal charter">edit</a>]</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%">Birmingham University Act 1900</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281837%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to transfer all the property and liabilities of Mason University College in the city of Birmingham to the University of Birmingham and to repeal the Mason University College Act 1897 to confer certain powers on the said University and for other purposes.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/63_%26_64_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="63 & 64 Vict.">63 & 64 Vict.</a> c. xix</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25 May 1900</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Repeals/revokes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mason_University_College_Act_1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason University College Act 1897">Mason University College Act 1897</a></td></tr></tbody></table> It was largely due to Chamberlain's enthusiasm that the university was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria</a> on 24 March 1900.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gough-Calthorpe_family" title="Gough-Calthorpe family">Calthorpe family</a> offered twenty-five acres (10 hectares) of land on the <a href="/wiki/Bournbrook" title="Bournbrook">Bournbrook</a> side of their estate in July. The Court of Governors received the Birmingham University Act 1900 (<a href="/wiki/63_%26_64_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="63 & 64 Vict.">63 & 64 Vict.</a> c. xix), which put the royal charter into effect on 31 May. The transfer of Mason University College to the new University of Birmingham, with Chamberlain as its first <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">chancellor</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lodge" title="Oliver Lodge">Oliver Lodge</a> as the first <a href="/wiki/Principal_(university)" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal (university)">principal</a>, was complete. A remnant of Josiah Mason's legacy is the Mermaid from his coat-of-arms, which appears in the sinister chief of the university shield and of his college, the double-headed lion in the dexter.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The commerce faculty was founded by Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Ashley_(economic_historian)" title="William Ashley (economic historian)">William Ashley</a> in 1901, who from 1902 until 1923 served as first Professor of Commerce and Dean of the Faculty. From 1905 to 1908, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a> held the position of Peyton Professor of Music at the university. He was succeeded by his friend <a href="/wiki/Granville_Bantock" title="Granville Bantock">Granville Bantock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Anderton-20">[20]</a> The university's own heritage archives are accessible for research through the university's Cadbury Research Library which is open to all interested researchers.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, the Great Hall in the Aston Webb Building was requisitioned by the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> to create the 1st Southern General Hospital, a facility for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Corps" title="Royal Army Medical Corps">Royal Army Medical Corps</a> to treat military casualties; it was equipped with 520 beds and treated 125,000 injured servicemen.<a href="#cite_note-birmingham.ac.uk-22">[22]</a> In June 1921, the university appointed <a href="/wiki/Linetta_de_Castelvecchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Linetta de Castelvecchio">Linetta de Castelvecchio</a> as <a href="/wiki/Serena_Professor_of_Italian" title="Serena Professor of Italian">Serena Professor of Italian</a>: she was the first woman to hold a chair at the university and one of the first women professors in Great Britain.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion">Expansion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Expansion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BirminghamBarberInstitute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/BirminghamBarberInstitute.jpg/220px-BirminghamBarberInstitute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/BirminghamBarberInstitute.jpg/330px-BirminghamBarberInstitute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/BirminghamBarberInstitute.jpg/440px-BirminghamBarberInstitute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute of Fine Arts</a></figcaption></figure> In 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute of Fine Arts</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Atkinson_(architect)" title="Robert Atkinson (architect)">Robert Atkinson</a>, was opened. In 1956, the first MSc programme in <a href="/wiki/Geotechnical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Geotechnical Engineering">Geotechnical Engineering</a> commenced under the title of "Foundation Engineering", and has been run annually at the university since. The UK's longest-running MSc programme in Physics and Technology of Nuclear Reactors also started at the university in 1956, the same year that the world's first commercial nuclear power station was opened at <a href="/wiki/Calder_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Calder Hall">Calder Hall</a> in Cumbria. In 1957, Sir <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Casson" title="Hugh Casson">Hugh Casson</a> and Neville Conder were asked by the university to prepare a masterplan on the site of the original 1900 buildings which were incomplete. The university drafted in other architects to amend the masterplan produced by the group. During the 1960s, the university constructed numerous large buildings, expanding the campus.<a href="#cite_note-hickman-25">[25]</a> In 1963, the university helped in the establishment of the faculty of medicine at the University of Rhodesia, now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zimbabwe" title="University of Zimbabwe">University of Zimbabwe</a> (UZ). UZ is now independent but both institutions maintain relations through student exchange programmes. Birmingham also supported the creation of <a href="/wiki/Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele University</a> (formerly University College of North Staffordshire) and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> under the Vice-Chancellorship of Sir Robert Aitken who acted as 'godfather' to the University of Warwick.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The initial plan was to establish a satellite university college in <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a> but Aitken advised an independent initiative to the University Grants Committee.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a>, the Afro-American human rights activist, addressed the University Debating Society in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-birmingham.ac.uk-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_discoveries_and_inventions">Scientific discoveries and inventions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scientific discoveries and inventions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aston_Webb001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Aston_Webb001.JPG/220px-Aston_Webb001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Aston_Webb001.JPG/330px-Aston_Webb001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Aston_Webb001.JPG/440px-Aston_Webb001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Friezes on the Aston Webb building</figcaption></figure> The university has been involved in many scientific breakthroughs and inventions. From 1925 until 1948, Sir <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> was Professor and Director of the Department of Chemistry. He was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Science and acted as Vice-Principal from 1947 until 1948. His research focused predominantly on <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrate chemistry">carbohydrate chemistry</a> in which he confirmed a number of structures of optically active sugars. By 1928, he had deduced and confirmed the structures of <a href="/wiki/Maltose" title="Maltose">maltose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellobiose" title="Cellobiose">cellobiose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">lactose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gentiobiose" title="Gentiobiose">gentiobiose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melibiose" title="Melibiose">melibiose</a>, gentianose, <a href="/wiki/Raffinose" title="Raffinose">raffinose</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Glucoside" title="Glucoside">glucoside</a> ring tautomeric structure of aldose sugars. His research helped to define the basic features of the <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glycogen" title="Glycogen">glycogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inulin" title="Inulin">inulin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xylan" title="Xylan">xylan</a> molecules. He also contributed towards solving the problems with bacterial polysaccharides. He was a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cavity_magnetron" title="Cavity magnetron">cavity magnetron</a> was developed in the Department of Physics by Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Randall_(physicist)" title="John Randall (physicist)">John Randall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Boot" title="Harry Boot">Harry Boot</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Sayers_(physicist)" title="James Sayers (physicist)">James Sayers</a>. This was vital to the Allied victory in World War II. In 1940, the <a href="/wiki/Frisch%E2%80%93Peierls_memorandum" title="Frisch–Peierls memorandum">Frisch–Peierls memorandum</a>, a document which demonstrated that the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> was more than simply theoretically possible, was written in the Physics Department by Sir <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls" title="Rudolf Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otto_Frisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Frisch">Otto Frisch</a>. The university also hosted early work on <a href="/wiki/Gaseous_diffusion" title="Gaseous diffusion">gaseous diffusion</a> in the Chemistry department when it was located in the Hills building. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poynting_Physics_building_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Poynting_Physics_building_2.jpg/220px-Poynting_Physics_building_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Poynting_Physics_building_2.jpg/330px-Poynting_Physics_building_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Poynting_Physics_building_2.jpg/440px-Poynting_Physics_building_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Poynting Physics building</figcaption></figure> Physicist Sir <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a> made a proposal for the construction of a proton-<a href="/wiki/Synchrotron" title="Synchrotron">synchrotron</a> in 1943; however, he made no assertion that the machine would work. In 1945, phase stability was discovered; consequently, the proposal was revived, and construction of a machine that could surpass proton energies of 1 <a href="/wiki/GeV" class="mw-redirect" title="GeV">GeV</a> began at the university. However, because of lack of funds, the machine did not start until 1953. The <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a> managed to beat them; they started their <a href="/wiki/Cosmotron" title="Cosmotron">Cosmotron</a> in 1952, and had it entirely working in 1953, before the University of Birmingham.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1947, Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> was appointed Mason Professor of Zoology at the university. His work involved investigating the phenomenon of tolerance and transplantation immunity. He collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Rupert_E._Billingham" title="Rupert E. Billingham">Rupert E. Billingham</a> and they did research on problems of pigmentation and <a href="/wiki/Skin_grafting" title="Skin grafting">skin grafting</a> in cattle. They used skin grafting to differentiate between monozygotic and dizygotic twins in cattle. Taking the earlier research of R. D. Owen into consideration, they concluded that actively acquired tolerance of homografts could be artificially reproduced. For this research, Medawar was elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a>. He left Birmingham in 1951 and joined the faculty at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, where he continued his research on transplantation immunity. He was a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-Medawar-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recent history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_new_school_of_Engineering_Building,_University_of_Birmingham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_new_school_of_Engineering_Building%2C_University_of_Birmingham.jpg/220px-The_new_school_of_Engineering_Building%2C_University_of_Birmingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_new_school_of_Engineering_Building%2C_University_of_Birmingham.jpg/330px-The_new_school_of_Engineering_Building%2C_University_of_Birmingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/The_new_school_of_Engineering_Building%2C_University_of_Birmingham.jpg/440px-The_new_school_of_Engineering_Building%2C_University_of_Birmingham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The construction of new school of Engineering was completed in 2021.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Old_Joe_at_night_from_the_university_learning_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/View_of_Old_Joe_at_night_from_the_university_learning_center.jpg/220px-View_of_Old_Joe_at_night_from_the_university_learning_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/View_of_Old_Joe_at_night_from_the_university_learning_center.jpg/330px-View_of_Old_Joe_at_night_from_the_university_learning_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/View_of_Old_Joe_at_night_from_the_university_learning_center.jpg/440px-View_of_Old_Joe_at_night_from_the_university_learning_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>View of Old Joe at night from the university learning center</figcaption></figure> In 1999 talks commenced on the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston University</a> integrating itself into the University of Birmingham as the University of Birmingham, Aston Campus. This would have resulted in the University of Birmingham expanding to become one of the largest universities in the UK, with a student body of 30,000. Talks were halted in 2001 after Aston University determined the timing to be inopportune. While Aston University management was in favour of the integration, and reception among staff was generally positive, the Aston student union voted two-to-one against the integration. Despite this set back, the Vice Chancellor of the University of Birmingham said the door remained open to recommence talks when Aston University is ready.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aston_Webb_Hall,_Birmingham_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Aston_Webb_Hall%2C_Birmingham_University.jpg/220px-Aston_Webb_Hall%2C_Birmingham_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Aston_Webb_Hall%2C_Birmingham_University.jpg/330px-Aston_Webb_Hall%2C_Birmingham_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Aston_Webb_Hall%2C_Birmingham_University.jpg/440px-Aston_Webb_Hall%2C_Birmingham_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>The Great Hall, where the final round of the first ever prime ministerial debate was held</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election_debates,_2010#Prime_Ministerial_Debate:_economic_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom general election debates, 2010">final round</a> of the first ever televised leaders' debates, hosted by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, was held at the university during the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 British general election</a> campaign on 29 April 2010.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> On 9 August 2010 the university announced that for the first time it would not enter the <a href="/wiki/Clearing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Clearing system">UCAS clearing</a> process for 2010 admission, which matches under-subscribed courses to students who did not meet their firm or insurance choices, due to all places being taken. Largely a result of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, Birmingham joined fellow Russell Group universities including Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and Bristol in not offering any clearing places.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The university acted as a training camp for the <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_at_the_Olympics" title="Jamaica at the Olympics">Jamaican</a> athletics team prior to the <a href="/wiki/2012_London_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 London Olympics">2012 London Olympics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jamaica-35">[35]</a> A new library was opened for the 2016/17 academic year, and a new sports centre opened in May 2017.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The previous Main Library and the old Munrow Sports Centre, including the athletics track, have both since been demolished, with the demolition of the old library being completed in November 2017.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Criticism_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-criticism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criticism#Avoid_sections_and_articles_focusing_on_criticisms_or_controversies" title="Wikipedia:Criticism">"criticism" or "controversy" section</a> may compromise the article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Article_structure" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a>. Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">through discussion</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:University_of_Birmingham" title="Talk:University of Birmingham">talk page</a>. (May 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aston_Webb_Building_Entrance_Statues_University_of_Birmingham.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Aston_Webb_Building_Entrance_Statues_University_of_Birmingham.JPG/220px-Aston_Webb_Building_Entrance_Statues_University_of_Birmingham.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Aston_Webb_Building_Entrance_Statues_University_of_Birmingham.JPG/330px-Aston_Webb_Building_Entrance_Statues_University_of_Birmingham.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Aston_Webb_Building_Entrance_Statues_University_of_Birmingham.JPG/440px-Aston_Webb_Building_Entrance_Statues_University_of_Birmingham.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption>Statues of the University of Birmingham (Beethoven, Virgil, Michelangelo, Plato, Shakespeare, Newton, Watt, Faraday, and Darwin)</figcaption></figure> The discipline of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">cultural studies</a> was founded at the university and between 1964 and 2002 the campus was home to the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Contemporary_Cultural_Studies" title="Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies">Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies</a>, a research centre whose members' work came to be known as the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies. Despite being established by one of the key figures in the field, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hoggart" title="Richard Hoggart">Richard Hoggart</a>, and being later directed by the theorist <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Stuart Hall</a>, the department was controversially closed down.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Analysis showed that the university was fourth in a list of British universities that faced the most <a href="/wiki/Employment_tribunal" title="Employment tribunal">employment tribunal</a> claims between 2008 and 2011. They were the second most likely to settle these before the hearing date.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 2011 a parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Early_day_motion" title="Early day motion">early day motion</a> was proposed, arguing against the Guild suspending the elected Sabbatical Vice President (Education), who was arrested while taking part in protest activity.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In December 2011 it was announced that the university had obtained a 12-month-long injunction<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> against a group of around 25 students, who occupied a residential building on campus from 23 to 26 November 2011, preventing them from engaging in further "occupational protest action" on the university's grounds without prior permission. It was misreported in the press that this injunction applied to all students; however, the court order defines the defendants as: <blockquote> Persons unknown (including students of the University of Birmingham) entering or remaining upon the buildings known as No. 2 Lodge Pritchatts Road, Birmingham at the University of Birmingham for the purpose of protest action (without the consent of the University of Birmingham).<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </blockquote> The university and the Guild of Students also clarified the scope of the injunction in an e-mail sent to all students on 11 January 2012, stating: "The injunction applies only to those individuals who occupied the lodge".<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The university said that it sought this injunction as a safety precaution based on a previous occupation.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Three separate human rights groups, including <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, condemned the move as restrictive on human rights.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In 2019, several women said the university refused to investigate allegations of <a href="/wiki/Campus_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus rape">campus rape</a>. One student who complained of rape in university accommodation was told by employees of the university that there were no specific procedures for handling rape complaints. In other cases students were told they would have to prove the alleged rapes occurred on university property. The university has been criticized by legal professionals for not adequately assessing the risk to students by refusing to investigate complaints of criminal conduct.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In June 2022 the University published a report into, and apologised for, its involvement in developing, promoting and administering electric-shock <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a> to gay men, during the period 1966-1983.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Campuses">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edgbaston_campus">Edgbaston campus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Edgbaston campus">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Original_buildings">Original buildings</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Original buildings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_Edgbaston_University_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plan_Edgbaston_University_1909.jpg/220px-Plan_Edgbaston_University_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plan_Edgbaston_University_1909.jpg/330px-Plan_Edgbaston_University_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plan_Edgbaston_University_1909.jpg/440px-Plan_Edgbaston_University_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Plan of the new University Campus at Edgbaston, proposed by architects Sir Aston Webb and Mr Ingress Bell in 1909</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg/220px-BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg/330px-BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg/440px-BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Aston_Webb" title="Aston Webb">Aston Webb</a> Buildings, Chancellor's Court</figcaption></figure> The main campus of the university occupies a site some 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_city_centre" title="Birmingham city centre">Birmingham city centre</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Edgbaston" title="Edgbaston">Edgbaston</a>. It is arranged around <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain_Memorial_Clock_Tower" title="Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower">Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower</a> (affectionately known as 'Old Joe' or 'Big Joe'), a grand <a href="/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a> which commemorates the university's first chancellor, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Chamberlain may be considered the founder of Birmingham University, and was largely responsible for the university gaining its Royal Charter in 1900 and for the development of the Edgbaston campus. The university's Great Hall is located in the domed <a href="/wiki/Aston_Webb" title="Aston Webb">Aston Webb</a> Building, which is named after one of the architects – the other was <a href="/wiki/Ingress_Bell" title="Ingress Bell">Ingress Bell</a>. The initial 25-acre (100,000 m2) site was given to the university in 1900 by Lord Calthorpe. The grand buildings were an outcome of the £50,000 given by steel magnate and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> to establish a "first class modern scientific college"<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> on the model of <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Funding was also provided by Sir <a href="/wiki/Holcroft_Baronets" class="mw-redirect" title="Holcroft Baronets">Charles Holcroft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The original domed buildings, built in <a href="/wiki/Accrington_brick" title="Accrington brick">Accrington red brick</a>, semicircle to form Chancellor's Court. This sits on a 30 feet (9.1 m) drop, so the architects placed their buildings on two tiers with a 16 feet (4.9 m) drop between them. The clock tower stands in the centre of the Court. The campanile itself draws its inspiration from the <a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Mangia" title="Torre del Mangia">Torre del Mangia</a>, a medieval clock tower that forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pubblico" title="Palazzo Pubblico">Town Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Italy.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> When it was built, it was described as 'the intellectual beacon of the Midlands' by the Birmingham Post. The clock tower was Birmingham's tallest building from the date of its construction in 1908 until 1969; it is now the third highest in the city. It is one of the top 50 tallest buildings in the UK,<a href="#cite_note-50tallest-54">[54]</a> and the tallest free-standing clock tower in the world,<a href="#cite_note-CTBUH-14">[14]</a> although there is some confusion about its actual height, with the university listing it both as 110 metres (361 ft)<a href="#cite_note-Tour-55">[55]</a> and 325 feet (99 m) tall in different sources.<a href="#cite_note-Trail-56">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Joe_Big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Old_Joe_Big.jpg/220px-Old_Joe_Big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Old_Joe_Big.jpg/330px-Old_Joe_Big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Old_Joe_Big.jpg/440px-Old_Joe_Big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Old Joe, the university's <a href="/wiki/Clock_tower" title="Clock tower">clock tower</a>, remains the tallest freestanding clock tower in the world</figcaption></figure> The campus has a wide diversity in architectural types and architects. "What makes Birmingham so exceptional among the Red Brick universities is the deployment of so many other major Modernist practices: only Oxford and Cambridge boast greater selections".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The Guild of Students original section was designed by Birmingham inter-war architect <a href="/wiki/Holland_W._Hobbiss" title="Holland W. Hobbiss">Holland Hobbiss</a> who also designed the <a href="/wiki/King_Edward%27s_School,_Birmingham" title="King Edward's School, Birmingham">King Edward's School</a> opposite. It was described as "Redbrick Tudorish" by <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Nikolaus Pevsner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The statue on horseback fronting the entrance to the university and <a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute of Fine Arts</a> is a 1722 statue of <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Great_Britain" title="George I of Great Britain">George I</a> rescued from Dublin in 1937. This was saved by Bodkin, a director of the National Gallery of Ireland and first director of the Barber Institute. The statue was commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Corporation" title="Dublin Corporation">Dublin Corporation</a> from the Flemish sculptor <a href="/wiki/John_van_Nost" class="mw-redirect" title="John van Nost">John van Nost</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Final negotiations for part of what is now the Vale were only completed in March 1947. By then, properties which would have their names used for halls of residences such as Wyddrington and Maple Bank were under discussion and more land was obtained from the Calthorpe estate in 1948 and 1949 providing the setting for the Vale.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Landscape architect <a href="/wiki/Mary_Mitchell_(landscape_architect)" title="Mary Mitchell (landscape architect)">Mary Mitchell</a> designed the layout of the campus and she included mature trees that were retained from the former gardens.<a href="#cite_note-listedplan-61">[61]</a> Construction on the Vale started in 1962 with the creation of a 3-acre (12,000 m2) artificial lake and the building of Ridge, High, Wyddrington and Lake Halls. The first, Ridge Hall, opened for 139 women in January 1964, with its counterpart High Hall admitting its first male residents the following October.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1960s_and_modern_expansion">1960s and modern expansion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1960s and modern expansion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Learning_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Learning_Center.jpg/220px-Learning_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Learning_Center.jpg/330px-Learning_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Learning_Center.jpg/440px-Learning_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>The university's Learning Centre (left), School of Computer Science (right) and Sir <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Paolozzi" title="Eduardo Paolozzi">Eduardo Paolozzi</a>'s Faraday sculpture</figcaption></figure> The university underwent a major expansion in the 1960s due to the production of a masterplan by Casson, Conder and Partners. The first of the major buildings to be constructed to a design by the firm was the Refectory and Staff House which was built in 1961 and 1962. The two buildings are connected by a bridge. The next major buildings to be constructed were the Wyddrington and Lake Halls and the Faculty of Commerce and Social Science, all completed in 1965. The Wyddrington and Lake Halls, on Edgbaston Park Road, were designed by <a href="/wiki/H._T._Cadbury-Brown" title="H. T. Cadbury-Brown">H. T. Cadbury-Brown</a> and contained three floors of student dwellings above a single floor of communal facilities.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Faculty of Commerce and Social Science, now known as the Ashley Building, was designed by Howell, Killick, Partridge and Amis and is a long, curving two-storey block linked to a five-storey <a href="/wiki/Spiral" title="Spiral">whorl</a>. The two-storey block follows the curve of the road, and has load-bearing brick cross walls. It is faced in specially-made concrete blocks. The spiral is faced with faceted pre-cast concrete cladding panels.<a href="#cite_note-hickman-25">[25]</a> It was <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">statutorily listed</a> in 1993<a href="#cite_note-STS-63">[63]</a> and a refurbishment by Berman Guedes Stretton was completed in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Chamberlain, Powell and Bon were commissioned to design the Physical Education Centre which was built in 1966. The main characteristic of the building is the roof of the changing rooms and small gymnasium which has hyperbolic paraboloid roof light shells and is completely paved in quarry tiles. The roof of the sports hall consists of eight conoidal 2½-inch thick sprayed concrete shells springing from 80-foot (24 m) long pre-stressed valley beams. On the south elevation, the roof is supported on raking pre-cast columns and reversed shells form a <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilevered</a> canopy.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Also completed in 1966 was the Mining and Minerals Engineering and Physical Metallurgy Departments, which was designed by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Dowson" title="Philip Dowson">Philip Dowson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arup_Group_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Arup Group Limited">Arup Associates</a>. This complex consisted of four similar three-storey blocks linked at the corners. The frame is of pre-cast reinforced concrete with columns in groups of four and the whole is planned as a tartan grid, allowing services to be carried vertically and horizontally so that at no point in a room are services more than ten feet away. The building received the 1966 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects" title="Royal Institute of British Architects">RIBA</a> Architecture Award for the West Midlands.<a href="#cite_note-hickman-25">[25]</a> It was <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">statutorily listed</a> in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-STS-63">[63]</a> Taking the full five years from 1962 to 1967, Birmingham erected twelve buildings which each cost in excess of a quarter of a million pounds.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Birmingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464655.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/University_of_Birmingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464655.jpg/220px-University_of_Birmingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464655.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/University_of_Birmingham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_464655.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Faculty of Arts Building</figcaption></figure> In 1967, Lucas House, a new hall of residence designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Madin" title="John Madin">The John Madin Design Group</a>, was completed, providing 150 study bedrooms. It was constructed in the garden of a large house. The Medical School was extended in 1967 to a design by Leonard J. Multon and Partners. The two-storey building was part of a complex which covers the southside of <a href="/wiki/Metchley_Fort" title="Metchley Fort">Metchley Fort</a>, a Roman fort. In 1968, the Institute for Education in the Department for Education was opened. This was another Casson, Conder and Partners-designed building. The complex consisted of a group of buildings centred around an eight-storey block, containing study offices, laboratories and teaching rooms. The building has a reinforced concrete frame which is exposed internally and the external walls are of silver-grey rustic bricks. The roofs of the lecture halls, penthouse and Child Study wing are covered in copper.<a href="#cite_note-hickman-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muirhead_Tower_at_University_of_Birmingham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Muirhead_Tower_at_University_of_Birmingham.jpg/220px-Muirhead_Tower_at_University_of_Birmingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Muirhead_Tower_at_University_of_Birmingham.jpg/330px-Muirhead_Tower_at_University_of_Birmingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Muirhead_Tower_at_University_of_Birmingham.jpg/440px-Muirhead_Tower_at_University_of_Birmingham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5304" data-file-height="7952" /></a><figcaption>Muirhead tower, as viewed from near The Bratby Bar.</figcaption></figure> Arup Associates returned in the 1960s to design the Arts and Commerce Building, better known as Muirhead Tower and houses the Institute of Local Government Studies. This was completed in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-hickman-25">[25]</a> A£42 million refurbishment of the 16-storey tower was completed in 2009 and it now houses the Colleges of Social Sciences and the Cadbury Research Library, the new home for the university's Special Collections. The podium was remodeled around the existing Allardyce Nicol studio theatre, providing additional rehearsal spaces and changing and technical facilities. The ground floor lobby now incorporates a <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a> coffee shop.<a href="#cite_note-Reisz-66">[66]</a> The name, Muirhead Tower, came from that of the first philosophy professor of the university <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Muirhead" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henry Muirhead">John Henry Muirhead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reisz-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Recently[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] completed is a 450-seat concert hall, called the Bramall Music Building, which completes the redbrick semicircle of the Aston Webb building designed by <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Howells_Architects" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenn Howells Architects">Glenn Howells Architects</a> with venue design by Acoustic Dimensions. This auditorium, with its associated research, teaching and rehearsal facilities, houses the Department of Music.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In August 2011 the university announced that architects <a href="/wiki/Lifschutz_Davidson_Sandilands" title="Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands">Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">S&P</a> were appointed to develop a new Indoor Sports Centre as part of a £175 million investment in the campus.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_features">Other features</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other features">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1342434.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/University_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1342434.jpg/220px-University_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1342434.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/University_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1342434.jpg/330px-University_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1342434.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/University_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1342434.jpg/440px-University_station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1342434.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>University railway station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lapworth_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lapworth_Museum.jpg/220px-Lapworth_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lapworth_Museum.jpg/330px-Lapworth_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lapworth_Museum.jpg/440px-Lapworth_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lapworth_Museum_of_Geology" title="Lapworth Museum of Geology">Lapworth Museum of Geology</a></figcaption></figure> In 1978, <a href="/wiki/University_(Birmingham)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="University (Birmingham) railway station">University station</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Cross-City_Line" title="Cross-City Line">Cross-City Line</a>, was opened to serve the university and its hospital. It is the only university campus in mainland Britain with its own railway station.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2021, construction began on a redeveloped facility adjacent to the existing structure as part of the West Midlands Rail Programme (WMRP).<a href="#cite_note-:0-71">[71]</a> The rebuilt station was completed and opened to the public in January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Nearby, the Steampipe Bridge, which was constructed in 2011, transports steam across the Cross-City Railway Line and <a href="/wiki/Worcester_and_Birmingham_Canal" title="Worcester and Birmingham Canal">Worcester & Birmingham Canal</a> from the energy generation plant to the medical school as part of the university's sustainable energy strategy. Its laser-cut exterior is also a public art feature.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Located within the Edgbaston site of the university is the <a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_Botanic_Garden" title="Winterbourne Botanic Garden">Winterbourne Botanic Garden</a>, a 24,000 square metre (258,000 square foot) <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwardian period">Edwardian</a> <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts and Crafts">Arts and Crafts</a> style garden. The large statue in the foreground was a gift to the university by its sculptor Sir Edward Paolozzi – the sculpture is named 'Faraday', and has an excerpt from the poem 'The Dry Salvages' by <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> around its base. The University of Birmingham operates the <a href="/wiki/Lapworth_Museum_of_Geology" title="Lapworth Museum of Geology">Lapworth Museum of Geology</a> in the Aston Webb Building in <a href="/wiki/Edgbaston" title="Edgbaston">Edgbaston</a>. It is named after <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lapworth" title="Charles Lapworth">Charles Lapworth</a>, a geologist who worked at Mason Science College. Since November 2007, the university has been holding a <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_market" title="Farmers' market">farmers' market</a> on the campus.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Birmingham is the first university in the country to have an accredited farmers' market.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The considerable extent of the estate meant that by the end of the 1990s it was valued at £536 million.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-76">[76]</a> University of Birmingham marked its grand ending of Green Heart Project at the start of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In 2021, the University opened a central-city meeting and conference site called The Exchange in the former <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Municipal_Bank" title="Birmingham Municipal Bank">Birmingham Municipal Bank</a> in <a href="/wiki/Centenary_Square" title="Centenary Square">Centenary Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selly_Oak_campus">Selly Oak campus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Selly Oak campus">edit</a>]</div> The university's <a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak" title="Selly Oak">Selly Oak</a> campus is a short distance to the south of the main campus. It was the home of a federation of nine colleges, known as <a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak_Colleges" title="Selly Oak Colleges">Selly Oak Colleges</a>, mainly focused on theology, social work, and teacher training.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The Federation was for many years associated with the University of Birmingham. A new library, the Orchard Learning Resource Centre, was opened in 2001, shortly before the Federation ceased to exist. The OLRC is now one of Birmingham University's site libraries.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Among the <a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak_Colleges" title="Selly Oak Colleges">Selly Oak Colleges</a> was Westhill College, (later the University of Birmingham, Westhill), which merged with the university's School of Education in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In the following years most of the remaining colleges closed, leaving two colleges which continue today, <a href="/wiki/Woodbrooke_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodbrooke College">Woodbrooke College</a>, a study and conference centre for the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Friends">Society of Friends</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fircroft_College" title="Fircroft College">Fircroft College</a>, a small adult education college with residential provision. <a href="/wiki/Woodbrooke_Quaker_Study_Centre" title="Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre">Woodbrooke College's</a> Centre for Postgraduate Quaker Studies, established in 1998, works with the University of Birmingham to deliver research supervision for the degrees of MA by research and PhD.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The Selly Oak campus is now home to the Department of Drama and Theatre Arts in the newly refurbished <a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak_Colleges" title="Selly Oak Colleges">Selly Oak Colleges</a> Old Library and George Cadbury Hall 200-seat theatre.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The UK <a href="/wiki/Daytime_television" title="Daytime television">daytime television</a> show <a href="/wiki/Doctors_(2000_TV_series)" title="Doctors (2000 TV series)">Doctors</a> is filmed on this campus.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_School" title="University of Birmingham School">University of Birmingham School</a> occupies a brand new, purpose-built building located on the university's Selly Oak campus.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_School" title="University of Birmingham School">University of Birmingham School</a> is sponsored by the University of Birmingham and managed by an Academy Trust. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_School" title="University of Birmingham School">University of Birmingham School</a> opened in September 2015.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mason_College_and_Queen's_College_campus">Mason College and Queen's College campus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mason College and Queen's College campus">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mason_Science_College.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mason_Science_College.png/220px-Mason_Science_College.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mason_Science_College.png/330px-Mason_Science_College.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mason_Science_College.png/440px-Mason_Science_College.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mason_Science_College" title="Mason Science College">Mason College</a> building housed the Faculties of Arts and Law until 1962 (picture date: 1880)</figcaption></figure> The Victorian neo-gothic <a href="/wiki/Mason_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason College">Mason College</a> Building in Birmingham city centre housed Birmingham University's Faculties of Arts and Law for over 50 years after the founding of the university in 1900. The Faculty of Arts building on the Edgbaston campus was not constructed until 1959–61. The Faculties of Arts and Law then moved to the Edgbaston campus.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The original <a href="/wiki/Mason_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Mason College">Mason College</a> Building was demolished in 1962 as part of the redevelopment within the inner ring road. The 1843 Gothic Revival building constructed opposite the Town Hall between Paradise Street (the main entrance) and Swallow Street served as <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Birmingham" title="Queen's College, Birmingham">Queen's College</a>, one of the founder colleges of the university. In 1904 the building was given a new buff-coloured terracotta and brick front. The medical and scientific departments merged with Mason College in 1900 to form the University of Birmingham and sought new premises in Edgbaston. The theological department of Queen's College did not merge with Mason College, but later moved in 1923 to Somerset Road in Edgbaston, next to the University of Birmingham as the <a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Foundation" title="The Queen's Foundation">Queen's Foundation</a>, maintaining a relationship with the University of Birmingham until a 2010 review. In the mid 1970s, the original Queen's College building was demolished, with the exception of the grade II listed façade. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dubai_Campus">Dubai Campus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dubai Campus">edit</a>]</div> The university also has an affiliated <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> campus established in 2017 at Dubai International Academic City (DIAC). They have since moved from the DIAC headquarters with the construction of a new campus in 2022 in the same area, inaugurated by the Dubai crown prince <a href="/wiki/Hamdan_bin_Mohammed_Al_Maktoum" title="Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum">Hamdan Bin Mohammed Al Maktoum</a>. The campus boasts of having all faculty flown in or permanently staffed from the UK campus.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_administration">Organisation and administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Organisation and administration">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_departments">Academic departments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Academic departments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Birmingham_-_Aston_Webb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/University_of_Birmingham_-_Aston_Webb.jpg/220px-University_of_Birmingham_-_Aston_Webb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/University_of_Birmingham_-_Aston_Webb.jpg/330px-University_of_Birmingham_-_Aston_Webb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/University_of_Birmingham_-_Aston_Webb.jpg/440px-University_of_Birmingham_-_Aston_Webb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Aston Webb building from the rear</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aston_webb1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Aston_webb1.JPG/220px-Aston_webb1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Aston_webb1.JPG/330px-Aston_webb1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Aston_webb1.JPG/440px-Aston_webb1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Stained glass window in the Great Hall</figcaption></figure> Birmingham has departments covering a wide range of subjects. On 1 August 2008, the university's system was restructured into five 'colleges', which are composed of numerous 'schools': <ul><li>Arts and Law (English, Drama and Creative Studies; History and Cultures; Languages, Cultures, Art History and Music; Birmingham Law School; Philosophy, Theology and Religion)</li> <li>Engineering and Physical Sciences (Chemistry; Chemical Engineering; Computer Science; Engineering (comprising the Departments of civil, Mechanical and Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering); Mathematics; Metallurgy and Materials; Physics and Astronomy)</li> <li>Life and Environmental Sciences (Biosciences; Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences; Psychology; Sport and Exercise Sciences)</li> <li>Medical and Dental Sciences (Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Institute of Inflammation and Ageing; Institute of Applied Health Research; Institute of Cardiovascular Science; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research; Institute of Microbiology and Infection).</li> <li>Social Sciences (<a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Business_School_(University_of_Birmingham)" title="Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham)">Birmingham Business School</a>; Education; Government and Society; Social Policy)</li> <li>Liberal Arts and Sciences</li></ul> The university is home to a number of research centres and schools, including the Birmingham Business School, the oldest business school in England, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_Medical_School" title="University of Birmingham Medical School">University of Birmingham Medical School</a>, the International Development Department, the <a href="/wiki/Inlogov" title="Inlogov">Institute of Local Government Studies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_West_African_Studies" title="Centre of West African Studies">Centre of West African Studies</a>, the Centre for Russian and East European Studies, the Centre of Excellence for Research in Computational Intelligence and Applications and the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_sector" title="Voluntary sector">Third Sector</a> Research Centre was established in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> and the Institute for Research into <a href="/wiki/Superdiversity" title="Superdiversity">Superdiversity</a> was established in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Apart from traditional research and PhDs, under the department of Engineering and Physical Sciences, the university offers split-site PhD in Computer Science.<a href="#cite_note-:74-92">[92]</a> The university is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Solar_Oscillations_Network" title="Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network">Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network</a> (BiSON) which consists of a network of six remote solar observatories monitoring low-degree solar oscillation modes. It is operated by the High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy group of the School of Physics and Astronomy, funded by the <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Facilities_Council" title="Science and Technology Facilities Council">Science and Technology Facilities Council</a> (STFC).<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Development_Department">International Development Department</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: International Development Department">edit</a>]</div> The International Development Department (IDD) is a multi-disciplinary academic department focused on <a href="/wiki/Poverty_reduction" title="Poverty reduction">poverty reduction</a> through developing effective governance systems. The department is one of the leading UK centres for the postgraduate study of <a href="/wiki/International_development" title="International development">international development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The department has been described as being a "highly regarded, long-established specialist unit" with a "global reputation" by <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Off-campus_establishments">Off-campus establishments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Off-campus establishments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masoncroft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Masoncroft.jpg/220px-Masoncroft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Masoncroft.jpg/330px-Masoncroft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Masoncroft.jpg/440px-Masoncroft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a>, Stratford-upon-Avon</figcaption></figure> A number of the university's centres, schools and institutes are located away from its two campuses in Edgbaston and Selly Oak: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a>, which is a centre for postgraduate study dedicated to the study of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ironbridge_Institute" title="Ironbridge Institute">Ironbridge Institute</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ironbridge" title="Ironbridge">Ironbridge</a>, which offers postgraduate and professional development courses in <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">heritage</a>.</li> <li>The School of Dentistry (the UK's oldest dental school), in Birmingham City Centre.</li> <li>The Raymond Priestley Centre, near <a href="/wiki/Coniston,_Cumbria" title="Coniston, Cumbria">Coniston</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a>, which is used for <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_pursuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Outdoor pursuits">outdoor pursuits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Field work">field work</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li></ul> There is also a <a href="/wiki/Masonic_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic Lodge">Masonic Lodge</a> that has been associated with the university since 1938.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="University_of_Birmingham_Observatory">University of Birmingham Observatory</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: University of Birmingham Observatory">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UoBirmingham_Observatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/UoBirmingham_Observatory.jpg/170px-UoBirmingham_Observatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/UoBirmingham_Observatory.jpg/255px-UoBirmingham_Observatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/UoBirmingham_Observatory.jpg/340px-UoBirmingham_Observatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>The University of Birmingham Astronomical Observatory</figcaption></figure> In the early 1980s, the University of Birmingham constructed an observatory next to the university playing fields, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south of the Edgbaston campus. The site was chosen because the night sky was ~100 times darker than the skies above campus. First light was on 8 December 1982, and the Observatory was officially opened by the <a href="/wiki/Astronomer_Royal" title="Astronomer Royal">Astronomer Royal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Graham-Smith" title="Francis Graham-Smith">Francis Graham-Smith</a>, on 13 June 1984.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The observatory was upgraded in 2013. The Observatory is used primarily for undergraduate teaching.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> It has two main instruments, a 16" <a href="/wiki/Cassegrain_reflector" title="Cassegrain reflector">Cassegrain</a> (working at f/19) and a 14" <a href="/wiki/Meade_Instruments" title="Meade Instruments">Meade</a> LX200R (working at f/6.35). A third telescope is also present and is used exclusively for visual observations. Members of the public are given chance to visit the Observatory at regular Astronomy in the City events during the winter months.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> These events include a talk on the night sky from a member of the university's student <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_University_Astronomical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham University Astronomical Society">Astronomical Society</a>; a talk on current astrophysics research, such as <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">exoplanets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_cluster" title="Galaxy cluster">galaxy clusters</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gravitational-wave_astronomy" title="Gravitational-wave astronomy">gravitational-wave astronomy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> a question-and-answer session, and the chance to observing using telescopes both on campus and at the Observatory. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branding">Branding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Branding">edit</a>]</div> The original coat of arms was designed in 1900. It features a double headed lion (on the left) and a mermaid holding a mirror and comb (to the right). These symbols owe to the coat of arms of the institution's predecessor, Mason College. In 2005 the university began rebranding itself. A simplified edition of the shield which had been introduced in the 1980s reverted to a detailed version based on how it appears on the university's original Royal Charter. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_profile">Academic profile</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Academic profile">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries_and_collections">Libraries and collections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Libraries and collections">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bham-library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bham-library.jpg/220px-Bham-library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bham-library.jpg/330px-Bham-library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bham-library.jpg/440px-Bham-library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The old main library, which has now been demolished</figcaption></figure> Library Services operates six libraries. They are the Barber Fine Art Library, Barnes Library, Main Library, Orchard Learning Resource Centre, Dental Library, and the Shakespeare Institute Library. Library Services also operates the Cadbury Research Library.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The Shakespeare Institute's library is a major United Kingdom resource for the study of English Renaissance literature.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The Cadbury Research Library is home to the University of Birmingham's historic collections of rare books, manuscripts, archives, photographs and associated artefacts. The collections, which have been built up over a period of 120 years consist of over 200,000 rare printed books including significant <a href="/wiki/Incunabula" class="mw-redirect" title="Incunabula">incunabula</a>, as well as over 4 million unique archive and manuscript collections.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The Cadbury Research Library is responsible for directly supporting the university's research, learning and teaching agenda, along with supporting the national and international research community. The Cadbury Research Library contains the Chamberlain collection of papers from <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a>, the Avon Papers belonging to <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> with material on the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>, the Cadbury Papers relating to the <a href="/wiki/Cadbury_Schweppes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadbury Schweppes">Cadbury</a> firm from 1900 to 1960, the Mingana Collection of Middle Eastern Manuscripts of <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Mingana" title="Alphonse Mingana">Alphonse Mingana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> Collection, the papers of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Lodge_(author)" title="David Lodge (author)">David Lodge</a>, and the records of the English <a href="/wiki/YMCA" title="YMCA">YMCA</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Missionary Society">Church Missionary Society</a>. The Cadbury Research Library has recently taken in the complete archive of UK <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a>. The Library holds important first editions such as De Humani Corporis (1543) by Versalius, the Complete Works (1616) of Ben Jonson, two copies of The Temple of Flora (1799-1807) by Robert Thornton and comprehensive collections of the works of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a> and <a href="/wiki/D_H_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="D H Lawrence">D H Lawrence</a> as well as many other significant works. In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Quran_manuscript" title="Birmingham Quran manuscript">a Quranic manuscript</a> in the Mingana Collection was identified as one of the oldest to have survived, having been written between 568 and 645.<a href="#cite_note-UoB-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-33436021-106">[106]</a> At the beginning of the 2016/17 academic year, a new main library opened on the Edgbaston campus and the old library has now been demolished as part of the plans to create a 'Green Heart' as per the original plans for the university whereby the clock tower would be visible from the North Gate.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The Harding Law Library was closed and renovated to become the university's Translation and Interpreting Suite. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicine">Medicine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Medicine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_Medical_School" title="University of Birmingham Medical School">University of Birmingham Medical School</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BirminghamQueenElizabethHospitalMedicalSchool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/BirminghamQueenElizabethHospitalMedicalSchool.jpg/170px-BirminghamQueenElizabethHospitalMedicalSchool.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/BirminghamQueenElizabethHospitalMedicalSchool.jpg/255px-BirminghamQueenElizabethHospitalMedicalSchool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/BirminghamQueenElizabethHospitalMedicalSchool.jpg/340px-BirminghamQueenElizabethHospitalMedicalSchool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_Medical_School" title="University of Birmingham Medical School">Medical School</a></figcaption></figure> The University of Birmingham's medical school is one of the largest in Europe with well over 450 medical students being trained in each of the clinical years and over 1,000 teaching, research, technical and administrative staff [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. The school has centres of excellence in cancer, pharmacy, immunology, cardiovascular disease, neuroscience and endocrinology, and is renowned nationally and internationally for its research and developments in these fields.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The medical school has close links with the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service_(England)" title="National Health Service (England)">NHS</a> and works closely with 15 teaching hospitals and 50 primary care training practices in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_Hospital_Birmingham_NHS_Foundation_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust">University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust</a> is the main teaching hospital in the West Midlands. It has been given three stars for the past four consecutive years.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Rankings and reputation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">Rankings</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">National rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Complete_University_Guide" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Complete</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-Complete_League_Table-111">[111]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12=</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Guardian" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Guardian</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_University_Guide-112">[112]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">36</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Times/The_Sunday_Times" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Times / Sunday Times</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide-113">[113]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Global rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a> (2024)<a href="#cite_note-Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities-114">[114]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">151–200</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-QS_World_University_Rankings-115">[115]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">80=</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-THE_World_University_Rankings-116">[116]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">93=</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_10_Years.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Birmingham_10_Years.png/260px-Birmingham_10_Years.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Birmingham_10_Years.png/390px-Birmingham_10_Years.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Birmingham_10_Years.png/520px-Birmingham_10_Years.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>University of Birmingham's <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">national league table</a> performance over the past ten years</figcaption></figure> The 2022 U.S. News & World Report ranks Birmingham 91st in the world.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In 2019, it is ranked 137th among the universities around the world by <a href="/wiki/SCImago_Institutions_Rankings" title="SCImago Institutions Rankings">SCImago Institutions Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In 2021 the Times Higher Education placed Birmingham 12th in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In 2013, Birmingham was named '<a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times_University_of_the_Year" title="Sunday Times University of the Year">Sunday Times University of the Year</a> 2014'.<a href="#cite_note-THE2014-120">[120]</a> The 2013 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a> placed Birmingham University at 10th in the UK and 62nd internationally. Birmingham was ranked 12th in the UK in the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Research_Assessment_Exercise" title="Research Assessment Exercise">Research Assessment Exercise</a> with 16 per cent of the university's research regarded as world-leading and 41 per cent as internationally excellent, with particular strengths in the fields of music, physics, biosciences, computer science, mechanical engineering, political science, international relations and law.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times_profile-123">[123]</a> Course satisfaction was at 85% in 2011 which grew to 88% in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In 2015 the Complete University Guide placed Birmingham 5th in the UK for graduate prospects.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Data from the <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">Higher Education Funding Council for England</a> (HEFCE) placed the university amongst the twelve elite institutions who among them take more than half of the students with the highest A-level grades.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-126">[126]</a> Birmingham traditionally had a focus on science, engineering, commerce and coal mining, but has now expanded its provision. It hosted the first <a href="/wiki/Cancer_Research_UK" title="Cancer Research UK">Cancer Research UK</a> Centre,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> and making notable contributions to <a href="/wiki/Gravitational-wave_astronomy" title="Gravitational-wave astronomy">gravitational-wave astronomy</a>, hosting the Institute of Gravitational Wave Astronomy.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The School of Computer Science ranked 1st in the 2014 Guardian University Guide,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> 4th in the 2013 Sunday Times League Table and 6th in the 2014 Sunday Times League Table.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The Department of Philosophy ranked 3rd in the 2017 Guardian University League Tables,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> below the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and above the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, with the first being the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>. The combined course of Computer Science and Information Systems, titled Computer Systems Engineering was ranked 4th in the 2016 Guardian University guide.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The Department of Political Science and International Studies (POLSIS) ranked 4th in the UK and 22nd in the world in the Hix rankings of political science departments.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The sociology department also ranked 4th by The Guardian University guide. The Research Fortnight's University Power Ranking, based on quality and quantity of research activity, put the University of Birmingham 12th in the UK, leading the way across a broad range of disciplines including Primary Care, Cancer Studies, Psychology and Sport and Exercise Sciences.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The School of Physics and Astronomy also performed well in the rankings, being ranked 3rd in the 2012 Guardian University Guide<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> and 7th in The Complete University Guide 2012.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The School of Chemical Engineering is ranked second in the UK by the 2014 Guardian University Guide.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissions">Admissions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Admissions">edit</a>]</div> <table class="floatright"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5px"> <caption>UCAS Admission Statistics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2023 </th> <th>2022 </th> <th>2021 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2019 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Applications<a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-138">[α]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCASEoC23-139">[138]</a> </td> <td>56,645 </td> <td>57,605 </td> <td>56,850 </td> <td>55,935 </td> <td>53,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accepted<a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-138">[α]</a><a href="#cite_note-UCASEoC23-139">[138]</a> </td> <td>7,040 </td> <td>6,540 </td> <td>7,865 </td> <td>7,725 </td> <td>6,850 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Applications/Accepted Ratio<a href="#cite_note-mainscheme-138">[α]</a> </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td>7.2 </td> <td>7.2 </td> <td>7.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Offer Rate (%)<a href="#cite_note-ukjune-140">[β]</a><a href="#cite_note-offer_rate23-141">[139]</a> </td> <td>65.4 </td> <td>61.3 </td> <td>64.6 </td> <td>70.8 </td> <td>73.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">Average Entry Tariff</a><a href="#cite_note-CUG_Entry-142">[140]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>158 </td> <td>158 </td> <td>152 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="font-size:80%;float:left"> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mainscheme-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_138-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mainscheme_138-2">c</a> Main scheme applications, International and UK </li> <li id="cite_note-ukjune-140"><a href="#cite_ref-ukjune_140-0">^</a> UK domiciled applicants </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right;"> <caption class="nowrap">HESA Student Body Composition (2021/22) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Domicile<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> and Ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-HESA_ethnicity-144">[142]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">British White</a> </td> <td align="right">48% </td> <td align="left">48<div style="width:96px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom#Collective_terms_for_minority_ethnic_groups" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">British Ethnic Minorities</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[a]</a> </td> <td align="right">27% </td> <td align="left">27<div style="width:54px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">International EU</a> </td> <td align="right">3% </td> <td align="left">3<div style="width:6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:blue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_students_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="International students in the United Kingdom">International Non-EU</a> </td> <td align="right">22% </td> <td align="left">22<div style="width:44px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number">Undergraduate <a href="/wiki/Widening_participation" title="Widening participation">Widening Participation</a> Indicators<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times23-147">[144]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom#Education" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">Female</a> </td> <td align="right">57% </td> <td align="left">57<div style="width:114px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">Private School</a> </td> <td align="right">16% </td> <td align="left">16<div style="width:32px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low Participation Areas<a href="#cite_note-148">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">8% </td> <td align="left">8<div style="width:16px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_Business_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Birmingham_Business_School.jpg/220px-Birmingham_Business_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Birmingham_Business_School.jpg/330px-Birmingham_Business_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Birmingham_Business_School.jpg/440px-Birmingham_Business_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Business_School_(University_of_Birmingham)" title="Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham)">Birmingham Business School</a></figcaption></figure> In terms of the average <a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">UCAS points</a> of entrants, Birmingham ranked 26th in Britain in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-CUG_Entry-142">[140]</a> According to the 2017 Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, approximately 20% of Birmingham's undergraduates come from independent schools.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> In 2016, the university gave offers of admission to 79.2% of applicants, the 8th highest amongst the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> In 2022, offers were given to 61.3% of undergraduate applicants, the 30th lowest offer rate across the country.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> In the 2016–17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 76:5:18 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively, with a female to male ratio of 56:44.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> 50.3% of <a href="/wiki/International_students_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="International students in the United Kingdom">international students</a> enrolled at the institution are from China, the fourth highest proportion out of all mainstream universities in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birmingham_Heroes">Birmingham Heroes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Birmingham Heroes">edit</a>]</div> To highlight leading areas of research, the university has launched the Birmingham Heroes scheme. Academics who lead research that impacts on the lives of people regionally, nationally and globally can be nominated for selection.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> Heroes include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Vecchio" title="Alberto Vecchio">Alberto Vecchio</a> and Andreas Freise for their work as part of the <a href="/wiki/LIGO_Scientific_Collaboration" title="LIGO Scientific Collaboration">LIGO Scientific Collaboration</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/First_observation_of_gravitational_waves" title="First observation of gravitational waves">first observation of gravitational waves</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Freer" title="Martin Freer">Martin Freer</a>, Toby Peters and Yulong Ding for their work on energy efficient <a href="/wiki/Cooling" title="Cooling">cooling</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a></li> <li>Philip Newsome, Thomas Solomon and Patricia Lalor for tackling the silent killers, <a href="/wiki/Liver_disease" title="Liver disease">liver disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a></li> <li>James Arthur, Kristján Kristjánsson, Sandra Cooke and Tom Harrison for promoting character in education<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a></li> <li>Lisa Bortolotti, Ema Sullivan-Bissett and Michael Larkin for their work on how to break down the <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">stigma</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental illness">mental illness</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a></li> <li>Kate Thomas, Joe Alderman, Rima Dhillon and Shayan Ahmed for their research in and teaching of <a href="/wiki/List_of_life_sciences" title="List of life sciences">life sciences</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a></li> <li>Pam Kearns, Charlie Craddock and Paul Moss for <a href="/wiki/Cancer_research" title="Cancer research">cancer research</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a></li> <li>Anna Phillips, Glyn Humphreys and Janet Lord who research healthy <a href="/wiki/Ageing" title="Ageing">ageing</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a></li> <li>Pierre Purseigle, Peter Gray and Bob Stone for using their historical knowledge to advise government organisations<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a></li> <li>Paul Bowen and Nick Green for research into new <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials</a> to improve <a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">energy generation</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a></li> <li>Lynne Macaskie, William Bloss and Jamie Lead for their study of <a href="/wiki/Pollutant" title="Pollutant">pollutants</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanoscale</a> pollutants<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a></li> <li>Paul Jackson, Scott Lucas and Stefan Wolff for their work helping with post-conflict and advice on the application of <a href="/wiki/Aid" title="Aid">aid</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a></li> <li>Hongming Xu, Clive Roberts and Roger Reed for work on sustainable transport<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a></li> <li>Moataz Attallah, Kiran Trehan and Tim Daffron for driving economic growth through improving <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">aerospace engineering</a>, developing enterprise and pioneering industrial applications of <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_biology" title="Synthetic biology">synthetic biology</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birmingham_Fellows">Birmingham Fellows</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Birmingham Fellows">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloye_BUGS_mermaid,_stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_stone.jpg/220px-Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_stone.jpg/330px-Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_stone.jpg/440px-Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_stone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Bloye" title="William Bloye">William Bloye</a>'s Birmingham University mermaid</figcaption></figure> The Birmingham Fellowship scheme was launched in 2011. The scheme encourages high potential early career researchers to establish themselves as rounded academics and continue pursuing their research interests. This scheme was the first of its kind, and has since been emulated in several other <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a> universities across the UK.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> Since 2014, the scheme has been divided into <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021223922/http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/staff/birmingham-research-fellows.aspx">Birmingham Research Fellowships</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141201224647/http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/staff/excellence/fellows/teaching/index.aspx">Birmingham Teaching Fellowships</a>. Birmingham Fellows are appointed to permanent academic posts (with two or three year probation periods), with five years protected time to develop their research.<a href="#cite_note-Birmingham_Fellowships-170">[166]</a> Birmingham Fellows are usually recruited at a lecturer or senior lecturer level. In the first period of the fellowship, emphasis is placed on the research aspect, publishing high quality academic outputs, developing a trajectory for their work and gaining external funding. However, development of teaching skills is encouraged.<a href="#cite_note-Birmingham_Fellowships-170">[166]</a> Teaching and supervisory responsibilities, as well as administrative duties, then steadily increase to a normal lecturer's load in the Fellow's respective discipline by the fifth year of the fellowship. Birmingham Fellows are not expected to carry out academic administration during their term as Fellows, but will do once their posts turn into lectureships ('three-legged contract'). When accepted into the Birmingham Research Fellowship, Fellows receive a start-up package to develop or continue their research projects, an academic mentor and support for both research and teaching. All fellows are said to become part of the Birmingham Fellows Cohort, which provides them a university-wide network and an additional source of support and mentoring.<a href="#cite_note-Birmingham_Fellowships-170">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_cooperation">International cooperation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International cooperation">edit</a>]</div> In Germany the University of Birmingham cooperates with the <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a>. Both cities are linked by a long-lasting partnership agreement. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Student life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guild_of_Students">Guild of Students</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Guild of Students">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_Guild_of_Students" title="University of Birmingham Guild of Students">University of Birmingham Guild of Students</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BirminghamBUGS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/BirminghamBUGS.jpg/220px-BirminghamBUGS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/BirminghamBUGS.jpg/330px-BirminghamBUGS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/BirminghamBUGS.jpg/440px-BirminghamBUGS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>University of Birmingham Guild of Students</figcaption></figure> The University of Birmingham Guild of Students is the university's <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">student union</a>. Originally the Guild of Undergraduates, the institution had its first foundations in the Mason Science College in the centre of Birmingham around 1876. The University of Birmingham itself formally received its Royal Charter in 1900 with the Guild of Students being provided for as a Student Representative Council.<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> It is not known for certain why the name 'Guild of Students' was chosen as opposed to 'Union of Students'; however, the Guild shares its name with <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Guild_of_Students" title="Liverpool Guild of Students">Liverpool Guild of Students</a>, another 'redbrick university'; both organisations subsequently founded the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Union of Students (United Kingdom)">National Union of Students</a>. The Union Building, the Guild's bricks and mortar presence, was designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Holland_W._Hobbiss" title="Holland W. Hobbiss">Holland W. Hobbiss</a>. The Guild's official purposes are to represent its members and provide a means of socialising, though societies and general amenities. The university provides the Guild with the Union Building effectively rent free as well as a block grant to support student services. The Guild also runs several bars, eateries, social spaces and social events. The Guild supports a variety of student societies and volunteering projects, roughly around 220 at any one time. The Guild complements these societies and volunteering projects with professional staffed services, including its walk-in Advice and Representation Centre (ARC), Student Activities, Jobs/Skills/Volunteering, Student Mentors in halls, and Community Wardens around <a href="/wiki/Bournbrook" title="Bournbrook">Bournbrook</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> The Guild of Students was where the student volunteering charity <a href="/wiki/InterVol" title="InterVol">InterVol</a> was conceived and developed as a student-led volunteering project in the early 2000s; the project links students will local volunteering opportunities as well as placements with charitable partners overseas.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> Another two of the Guild's long-standing societies are Student Advice and Nightline (previously Niteline), which both provide peer-to-peer welfare support. The Guild was one of the first universities in the United Kingdom to publish a campus newspaper, <a href="/wiki/Redbrick_(Newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Redbrick (Newspaper)">Redbrick</a>, supported financially by the Guild of Students and advertising revenue.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> The Guild undertakes its representative function through its officer group, seven of whom are full-time, on sabbatical from their studies, and ten of whom are part-time and hold their positions whilst still studying. Elections are held yearly, conventionally February, for the following academic year. These officers have regular contact with the university's officer-holders and managers. In theory, the Guild's officers are directed and kept to account over their year in office by Guild Council, an 80-seat decision-making body. The Guild also supports the university "student reps" scheme, which aims to provide an effective channel of feedback from students on more of a departmental level. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. 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(March 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>. (March 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Playing_Fields_and_Red_Brick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Green_Playing_Fields_and_Red_Brick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560877.jpg/220px-Green_Playing_Fields_and_Red_Brick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560877.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Green_Playing_Fields_and_Red_Brick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560877.jpg/330px-Green_Playing_Fields_and_Red_Brick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Green_Playing_Fields_and_Red_Brick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560877.jpg/440px-Green_Playing_Fields_and_Red_Brick_-_geograph.org.uk_-_560877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Birmingham University playing fields</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aston_Webb_from_UOB_Clock_Tower.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Aston_Webb_from_UOB_Clock_Tower.JPG/220px-Aston_Webb_from_UOB_Clock_Tower.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Aston_Webb_from_UOB_Clock_Tower.JPG/330px-Aston_Webb_from_UOB_Clock_Tower.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Aston_Webb_from_UOB_Clock_Tower.JPG/440px-Aston_Webb_from_UOB_Clock_Tower.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1730" /></a><figcaption>Playing fields from the Clock Tower</figcaption></figure> The University of Birmingham opened the Sport and Fitness Centre in May 2017 providing facilities including gym, squash courts, 50 m swimming pool, and climbing wall. The University has two international standard hockey pitches, completed in 2017,<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> flexible 3G pitches which can be used for 5-a-side and 11-a-side football, as well as netball and tennis courts, and a 400m athletics track at Edgbaston Park Road.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> As of the 2019 league, the university is ranked seventh in the <a href="/wiki/British_Universities_and_Colleges_Sport" title="British Universities and Colleges Sport">British Universities and Colleges Sport</a> league table.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> University of Birmingham Sport provides a range of competitive and participation sports, for both the student and local community. Services include 180 fitness classes a week, 56 different sport clubs, including rowing, basketball, cricket, football, rugby union, netball, field hockey, ice hockey, American football, and triathlon. The wide selection has ensured the university has over 4,000 students participating in sport each year. The university also opened the Raymond Priestley Centre in 1981 on the shores of Coniston Water in the Lake District, offering students, staff and community alike to explore outdoor activities and learning in the area. Sir Raymond Priestley, vice-chancellor of the university in 1938, and his Director of Sport A.D. Munrow, helped establish the first undergraduate courses in Physical Education in 1946, developed their sports facilities – starting with the gymnasium in 1939, and made participation in recreational sport compulsory for all new undergraduates from 1940 to 1968. Birmingham became the first UK university to offer a sports degree. Students and alumni from the University of Birmingham have competed at Olympics, Paralympics and Commonwealth Games. In 2004, six graduates and one student competed in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Athens_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Athens Summer Olympics">2004 Athens Summer Olympics</a>, and four alumni competed at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Beijing_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Beijing Olympics">2008 Beijing Olympics</a>, including cyclist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manning_(cyclist)" title="Paul Manning (cyclist)">Paul Manning</a> who won an Olympic Gold.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> In 2012, Pamela Relph MBE was part of the rowing mixed coxed four that won Paralympic gold, and she successfully defended her title in Rio: the only current international para-rower to be a double Paralympic Champion. In the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> in Gold Coast, Australia, six students and eighteen alumni attended representing England, Scotland, Wales, and Guernsey, and competing in sports including hockey, 1500m, badminton, and cycling.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> The university hosted the Jamaican track and field team prior to the <a href="/wiki/2012_London_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 London Olympics">2012 London Olympics</a>. The team, including the world's fastest man, Usain Bolt – who became the first man in history to defend his 100 metres and 200 metres titles at the Olympics – won team gold for the 4 × 400 m along with Nesta Carter, Yohan Blake and Michael Frater. Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce won gold in the women's 100 metres. The team returned to the university in 2017 to prepare for London's Indoor Championships, staying in the Chamberlain Hall on the Vale Village, and using the newly established Sport & Fitness facilities and athletics track. University of Birmingham Sport has since been host to a number of international teams; the Australian and South Africa teams ahead of the men's Rugby World Cup in 2015, the Jamaican, England and New Zealand netball teams before the Vitality Nations Cup in January 2020, and 19 nations for the individual competition at the World University Squash Championships in 2018. Birmingham was selected as the host for the 2022 Commonwealth Games and the University was chosen as the venue for hockey and squash, due to the ability of existing facilities to host the games with only temporary structures needing to be constructed for seating, lighting, and broadcasting. The University was the largest athletes village during the games, hosting 3,500 athletes in Tennis Courts and the Vale, and the University was the official training venue for both swimming and athletics.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> University of Birmingham Sport also offers around 30 scholarships and bursaries to national and international students of exceptional athletic ability.<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Housing">edit</a>]</div> The university provides housing for most first-year students, running a guarantee scheme for all those UK applicants who choose Birmingham as their firm UCAS choice. 90 per cent of university-provided housing is inhabited by first-year students.<a href="#cite_note-Push-183">[179]</a> The university maintained gender-segregated halls until the beginning of the 1998-99 academic year when Lake and Wyddrington "halls" (treated as two different halls, despite being physically one building) were renamed as Shackleton Hall. Chamberlain Hall (Eden Tower), a seventeen-storey tower block, was originally known as High Hall, for male students, and the connected Ridge Hall (later renamed to the Hampton Wing), for female students. University House was decommissioned as accommodation to house the expanding Business School, while Mason Hall has been demolished and rebuilt, opening in 2008.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the summer of 2006, the university sold three of its most distant halls (Hunter Court, the Beeches and Queens Hospital Close) to private operators, while later in the year and during term, the university was forced urgently to decommission both the old Chamberlain Tower (High Hall) and also Manor House over fire safety inspection failures.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The university has rebranded its halls offerings into three villages.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vale_Village">Vale Village</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Vale Village">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20131110ChamberlainHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/20131110ChamberlainHall.jpg/220px-20131110ChamberlainHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/20131110ChamberlainHall.jpg/330px-20131110ChamberlainHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/20131110ChamberlainHall.jpg/440px-20131110ChamberlainHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2808" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>High Hall as it appeared just prior to demolition in 2013</figcaption></figure> The Vale Village includes Chamberlain Hall, Shackleton, Maple Bank, Tennis Court, Elgar Court and Aitken residences. A sixth hall of residence, Mason Hall, re-opened in September 2008 following a complete rebuild. Approximately 2,700 students live in the village.<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> Shackleton Hall (originally Lake Hall, for male students, and Wyddrington Hall, for female students) underwent an £11 million refurbishment and was re-opened in Autumn 2004. There are 72 flats housing a total of 350 students. The majority of the units consist of six to eight bedrooms, together with a small number of one, two, three or five bedroom studio/apartments.<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> The redevelopment was designed by Birmingham-based architect Patrick Nicholls while employed at Aedas, now a director of Glancy Nicholls Architects.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> Maple Bank was refurbished and opened in summer 2005. It consists of 87 five bedroom flats, housing 435 undergraduates.<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> The Elgar Court residence consists of 40 six bedroom flats, housing a total of 236 students.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> It opened in September 2003. Tennis Court consists of 138 three, four, five and six bedroom flats and houses 697 students.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> The Aitken wing is a small complex consisting of 23 six and eight bedroom flats. It houses 147 students.<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> Construction of the new Mason Hall commenced in June 2006 following complete demolition of the original 1960s structures. It was designed by Aedas Architects. The entire project is thought to have cost £36.75 million.<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> It has since been completed, with the first year of students moving in September 2008. The new Chamberlain Tower and neighbouring low rise blocks opened in September 2015. Chamberlain is home to more than 700 first year students. It replaced the old 1964-built 18-storey (above ground level) High Hall (later renamed Eden Tower), for male students and low rise Ridge Hall (later renamed Hampton Wing) for female students, which closed in 2006. The 50-year-old Eden Tower was removed at the start of 2014. Previously known as High Hall, the tower and its associated low rise blocks were demolished after studies revealed it would be uneconomical to refurbish them and would not provide the quality of accommodation which the University of Birmingham desires for students. The largest student-run event, the <a href="/wiki/Vale_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale Festival">Vale Festival</a> or 'ValeFest', is held annually on the Vale. The Festival celebrated its 10th event in 2014, raising £25,000 for charity. The 2019 event was headlined by The Hunna and Saint Raymond. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pritchatts_Park_Village">Pritchatts Park Village</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Pritchatts Park Village">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barber_Institute_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barber_Institute_Interior.jpg/220px-Barber_Institute_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barber_Institute_Interior.jpg/330px-Barber_Institute_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Barber_Institute_Interior.jpg/440px-Barber_Institute_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2637" data-file-height="2229" /></a><figcaption>Barber Institute interior</figcaption></figure> The Pritchatts Park Village houses over 700 undergraduate and postgraduate students. Halls include 'Ashcroft', 'The Spinney' and 'Oakley Court', as well as 'Pritchatts House' and the 'Pritchatts Road Houses'.<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> The Spinney is a small complex of six houses and twelve smaller flats, housing 104 students in total.<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> Ashcroft consists of four purpose built blocks of flats and houses 198 students.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> The four-storey Pritchatts House consists of 24 duplex units and houses 159 students.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> Oakley Court consists of 21 individual purpose-built flats, ranging in size from five to thirteen bedrooms. Also included are 36 duplex units. A total of 213 students are housed in Oakley Court, made up of undergraduates.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> Oakley Court was completed in 1993 at a cost of £2.9 million. It was designed by Birmingham-based <a href="/wiki/Associated_Architects" title="Associated Architects">Associated Architects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> Pritchatts Road is a group of four private houses that were converted into student residences. There is a maximum of 16 bedrooms per house.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Selly_Oak_Village">Selly Oak Village</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Selly Oak Village">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloye_BUGS_mermaid,_bronze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_bronze.jpg/170px-Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_bronze.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_bronze.jpg/255px-Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_bronze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_bronze.jpg/340px-Bloye_BUGS_mermaid%2C_bronze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1657" data-file-height="2386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Bloye" title="William Bloye">William Bloye</a>'s mermaid fountain at Birmingham University</figcaption></figure> Selly Oak Village consists of three residences in the <a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak" title="Selly Oak">Selly Oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bournbrook" title="Bournbrook">Bournbrook</a> areas: Jarratt Hall, which is owned by the university, Douper Hall, and The Metalworks. As of 2008, the village had 637 bed spaces for students.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> Jarratt Hall is a large complex designed around a central courtyard and three landscaped areas. It housed 587 undergraduate students as of 2012.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> Jarratt Hall did not accommodate postgraduate students until September 2013, due to ongoing refurbishment of kitchens and the heating system.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Manor_House,_Northfield">The Manor House, Northfield</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: The Manor House, Northfield">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northfield_Manor_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1886214.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Northfield_Manor_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1886214.jpg/220px-Northfield_Manor_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1886214.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Northfield_Manor_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1886214.jpg/330px-Northfield_Manor_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1886214.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Northfield_Manor_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1886214.jpg/440px-Northfield_Manor_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1886214.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Northfield Manor House</figcaption></figure> The University of Birmingham also own the <a href="/wiki/Northfield_Manor_House" title="Northfield Manor House">Northfield Manor House</a>, having acquired the property from the Cadbury family in 1953. The property was used as The Manor House student accommodation until 2007, when the halls were found to be in need of restoration and refurbishment. In 2014, however, arsonists set a fire that gutted much of the property. The University of Birmingham has rebuilt and restored the property since then, and has converted much of the site into flats.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Student_Housing_Co-operative_accommodation">Student Housing Co-operative accommodation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Student Housing Co-operative accommodation">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Student_Housing_Co-operative" title="Birmingham Student Housing Co-operative">Birmingham Student Housing Co-operative</a> was opened in 2014 by students of the university to provide affordable self managed housing for its members. The co-operative manages a property on Pershore Road in Selly Oak.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Birmingham_people" title="List of University of Birmingham people">List of University of Birmingham people</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics">Academics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Academics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Birmingham_academics" title="List of University of Birmingham academics">List of University of Birmingham academics</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Haworth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Norman_Haworth.jpg/150px-Norman_Haworth.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Norman_Haworth.jpg/225px-Norman_Haworth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Norman_Haworth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Nobel Prize winner <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Sir Norman Haworth</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg/150px-Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg/225px-Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Nobel Prize winner <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Sir Peter Medawar</a></figcaption></figure> The faculty and staff members connected with the university include Nobel laureates Sir <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> (Professor of Chemistry, 1925–1948),<a href="#cite_note-Nobel-203">[199]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (Mason Professor of Zoology, 1947–1951),<a href="#cite_note-Medawar-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a> (NSF Fellow at Birmingham, 1957),<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" class="mw-redirect" title="David Thouless">David Thouless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Kosterlitz">Michael Kosterlitz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a> Physicists include <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Poynting" title="John Henry Poynting">John Henry Poynting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Otto_Frisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Frisch">Otto Frisch</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls" title="Rudolf Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Oliphant" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Oliphant">Marcus Oliphant</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Huxley_(physicist)" title="Leonard Huxley (physicist)">Leonard Huxley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Boot" title="Harry Boot">Harry Boot</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Randall_(physicist)" title="John Randall (physicist)">John Randall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Ernest_Salpeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Ernest Salpeter">Edwin Ernest Salpeter</a>. Chemists include Sir <a href="/wiki/William_A._Tilden" title="William A. Tilden">William A. Tilden</a>. Mathematicians include <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bennett_(mathematician)" title="Jonathan Bennett (mathematician)">Jonathan Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniels_(statistician)" title="Henry Daniels (statistician)">Henry Daniels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniela_K%C3%BChn" title="Daniela Kühn">Daniela Kühn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deryk_Osthus" title="Deryk Osthus">Deryk Osthus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pedoe" title="Daniel Pedoe">Daniel Pedoe</a> and <a href="/wiki/G._N._Watson" title="G. N. Watson">G. N. Watson</a>. In music, faculty members include the composers Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Edward Elgar</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Granville_Bantock" title="Granville Bantock">Granville Bantock</a>. Geologists include <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lapworth" title="Charles Lapworth">Charles Lapworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Shotton" title="Frederick William Shotton">Frederick Shotton</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Alwyn_Williams_(geologist)" title="Alwyn Williams (geologist)">Alwyn Williams</a>. In medicine, faculty members include Sir <a href="/wiki/Melville_Arnott" title="Melville Arnott">Melville Arnott</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Windle" title="Bertram Windle">Bertram Windle</a>. Biologists include <a href="/wiki/William_Hillhouse" title="William Hillhouse">William Hillhouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Stephen_West" title="George Stephen West">George Stephen West</a>, both Mason Professors of Botany. Author and literary critic <a href="/wiki/David_Lodge_(author)" title="David Lodge (author)">David Lodge</a> taught English from 1960 until 1987. Poet and playwright <a href="/wiki/Louis_MacNeice" title="Louis MacNeice">Louis MacNeice</a> was a lecturer in classics 1930–1936. English novelist, critic, and man of letters <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a> taught in the extramural department (1946–50).<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hoggart" title="Richard Hoggart">Richard Hoggart</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Contemporary_Cultural_Studies" title="Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies">Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies</a>. Sir <a href="/wiki/Alan_Walters" title="Alan Walters">Alan Walters</a> was Professor of Econometrics and Statistics (1951–68) and later became Chief Economic Adviser to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. <a href="/wiki/Solly_Zuckerman,_Baron_Zuckerman" title="Solly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman">Lord Zuckerman</a> was Professor of Anatomy 1946–1968 and also served as chief scientific adviser to the British government from 1964 to 1971. <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_King,_Baron_King_of_Lothbury" title="Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury">Lord King of Lothbury</a> was a Professor in the Faculty of Commerce and later became Governor of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a>. Sir <a href="/wiki/William_James_Ashley" class="mw-redirect" title="William James Ashley">William James Ashley</a> was first Dean and the founder of the Birmingham Business School. Sir <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bodington" title="Nathan Bodington">Nathan Bodington</a> was Professor of Classics. Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lyons_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Lyons (UK politician)">Michael Lyons</a> was Professor of Public Policy from 2001 to 2006. Sir <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Mather" title="Kenneth Mather">Kenneth Mather</a> was Professor of genetics (1948) and recipient of the 1964 <a href="/wiki/Darwin_Medal" title="Darwin Medal">Darwin Medal</a>. Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Redmayne" title="Richard Redmayne">Richard Redmayne</a> was Professor of Mining and later became first Chief Inspector of Mines. The art historian Sir <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Nikolaus Pevsner</a> held a research post at the university. Sir <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Waterhouse" title="Ellis Waterhouse">Ellis Waterhouse</a> was Barber Professor of Fine Art (1952–1970). <a href="/wiki/John_Cadman,_1st_Baron_Cadman" title="John Cadman, 1st Baron Cadman">Lord Cadman</a> taught petroleum engineering and is credited with creating the course 'Petroleum Engineering'. The philosopher Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dummett" title="Michael Dummett">Michael Dummett</a> held an assistant lectureship at the university. <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Borrie,_Baron_Borrie" title="Gordon Borrie, Baron Borrie">Lord Borrie</a> was a professor of law and dean of the faculty of law. Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Raymond_Beazley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Raymond Beazley">Charles Raymond Beazley</a> was Professor of History. Prison reformer <a href="/wiki/Margery_Fry" title="Margery Fry">Margery Fry</a> was first warden of <a href="/wiki/University_House,_University_of_Birmingham" title="University House, University of Birmingham">University House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellors</a> and Principals include Sir <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lodge" title="Oliver Lodge">Oliver Lodge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Hunter (physician)">Lord Hunter of Newington</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grant_Robertson" title="Charles Grant Robertson">Charles Grant Robertson</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Priestley" title="Raymond Priestley">Raymond Priestley</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sterling" title="Michael Sterling">Michael Sterling</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alumni">Alumni</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Alumni">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Birmingham_alumni" title="List of University of Birmingham alumni">List of University of Birmingham alumni</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neville_Chamberlain_by_William_Orpen_-_1929.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Neville_Chamberlain_by_William_Orpen_-_1929.jpg/150px-Neville_Chamberlain_by_William_Orpen_-_1929.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Neville_Chamberlain_by_William_Orpen_-_1929.jpg/225px-Neville_Chamberlain_by_William_Orpen_-_1929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Neville_Chamberlain_by_William_Orpen_-_1929.jpg/300px-Neville_Chamberlain_by_William_Orpen_-_1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg/150px-Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg/225px-Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg/300px-Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="4256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenny_Anthony,_Sta._Luc%C3%ADa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kenny_Anthony%2C_Sta._Luc%C3%ADa.jpg/150px-Kenny_Anthony%2C_Sta._Luc%C3%ADa.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kenny_Anthony%2C_Sta._Luc%C3%ADa.jpg/225px-Kenny_Anthony%2C_Sta._Luc%C3%ADa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kenny_Anthony%2C_Sta._Luc%C3%ADa.jpg/300px-Kenny_Anthony%2C_Sta._Luc%C3%ADa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucian Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Anthony" title="Kenny Anthony">Kenny Anthony</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perry_Christie_2013_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Perry_Christie_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Perry_Christie_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Perry_Christie_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Perry_Christie_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Perry_Christie_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Perry_Christie_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="2270" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Bahamian Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Christie" title="Perry Christie">Perry Christie</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_geoffrey_ma_cj_hk_2017_smu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1_geoffrey_ma_cj_hk_2017_smu.jpg/150px-1_geoffrey_ma_cj_hk_2017_smu.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1_geoffrey_ma_cj_hk_2017_smu.jpg/225px-1_geoffrey_ma_cj_hk_2017_smu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1_geoffrey_ma_cj_hk_2017_smu.jpg/300px-1_geoffrey_ma_cj_hk_2017_smu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5365" data-file-height="7360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Court_of_Final_Appeal_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong">Chief Justice of Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ma" title="Geoffrey Ma">Geoffrey Ma</a></figcaption></figure> Four <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize laureates</a> are Birmingham University alumni: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Aston" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Aston">Francis Aston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">John Vane</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nobel-203">[199]</a> In addition soil scientist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bullock_(scientist)" title="Peter Bullock (scientist)">Peter Bullock</a> contributed to the reports of the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a>, which was awarded the <a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize in 2007</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> The university's alumni in the sphere of British government and politics include: British Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>;<a href="#cite_note-K._Feiling,_1970-15">[15]</a> Chief Minister of Gibraltar <a href="/wiki/Joe_Bossano" title="Joe Bossano">Joe Bossano</a>; British cabinet minister and UN Under-Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Baroness Amos</a>; Cabinet Ministers <a href="/wiki/Julian_Smith_(politician)" title="Julian Smith (politician)">Julian Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Armstrong" title="Hilary Armstrong">Hilary Armstrong</a>; British ministers of state <a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tracey" title="Richard Tracey">Richard Tracey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Fatchett" title="Derek Fatchett">Derek Fatchett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Soubry" title="Anna Soubry">Anna Soubry</a>; British High Commissioner to New Zealand and Ambassador to South Africa Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Aubrey_Scott" title="David Aubrey Scott">David Aubrey Scott</a>; Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Dakin" title="Nigel Dakin">Nigel Dakin</a>; Welsh Assembly Government minister <a href="/wiki/Jane_Davidson" title="Jane Davidson">Jane Davidson</a>; and UN weapons inspector <a href="/wiki/David_Kelly_(weapons_expert)" title="David Kelly (weapons expert)">David Kelly</a>. Birmingham's alumni in the field of government and politics in other countries include Prime Minister of St. Lucia <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Anthony" title="Kenny Anthony">Kenny Anthony</a>; Prime Minister of the Bahamas <a href="/wiki/Perry_Christie" title="Perry Christie">Perry Christie</a>; Singapore Minister of Finance <a href="/wiki/Hu_Tsu_Tau_Richard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hu Tsu Tau Richard">Hu Tsu Tau Richard</a>; Singapore Senior Minister of State <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Yao" title="Matthias Yao">Matthias Yao</a>; Minister of Defence of Kenya <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Yusuf_Haji" title="Mohamed Yusuf Haji">Mohamed Yusuf Haji</a>; Tanzanian minister <a href="/wiki/Mark_Mwandosya" title="Mark Mwandosya">Mark Mwandosya</a>; Tongan minister <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAna_Taufe%CA%BBulungaki" title="ʻAna Taufeʻulungaki">ʻAna Taufeʻulungaki</a>; Ethiopian cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Junedin_Sado" title="Junedin Sado">Junedin Sado</a>; Deputy Prime Minister of Mauritius <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Beebeejaun" title="Rashid Beebeejaun">Rashid Beebeejaun</a>; Saudi minister <a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_bin_Mohieddin_Khoja" title="Abdulaziz bin Mohieddin Khoja">Abdulaziz bin Mohieddin Khoja</a>; Foreign Minister of Gambia <a href="/wiki/Bala_Garba_Jahumpa" title="Bala Garba Jahumpa">Bala Garba Jahumpa</a>; Ghanaian minister <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Azumah-Mensah" title="Juliana Azumah-Mensah">Juliana Azumah-Mensah</a>; Egyptian Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Selim_Hanna" title="William Selim Hanna">William Selim Hanna</a>; Nigerian minister <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor" title="Emmanuel Chuka Osammor">Emmanuel Chuka Osammor</a>; Saint Lucian minister <a href="/wiki/Alvina_Reynolds" title="Alvina Reynolds">Alvina Reynolds</a>; Lebanese foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Dahdah" title="Lucien Dahdah">Lucien Dahdah</a>; Zambian President <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hakainde Hichilema</a> and Zimbabwean ministers <a href="/wiki/David_Karimanzira" title="David Karimanzira">David Karimanzira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Didymus_Mutasa" title="Didymus Mutasa">Didymus Mutasa</a>. Alumni in the world of business include: director of the Bank of England <a href="/wiki/Eric_Roll,_Baron_Roll_of_Ipsden" title="Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden">Lord Roll of Ipsden</a>; CEO of J Sainsbury plc <a href="/wiki/Mike_Coupe" title="Mike Coupe">Mike Coupe</a>; Chairman of the Shell Transport and Trading Company plc Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Jennings_(businessman)" title="John Jennings (businessman)">John Jennings</a>; automobile executive Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Turnbull_(businessman)" title="George Turnbull (businessman)">George Turnbull</a>; President of the Confederation of British Industry Sir <a href="/wiki/Clive_Thompson_(businessman)" title="Clive Thompson (businessman)">Clive Thompson</a>; CEO and chairman of BP Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Walters" title="Peter Walters">Peter Walters</a>; Chairman of British Aerospace Sir <a href="/wiki/Austin_Pearce" title="Austin Pearce">Austin Pearce</a>; mobile communications entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Mo_Ibrahim" title="Mo Ibrahim">Mo Ibrahim</a>; fashion designer and retailer <a href="/wiki/George_Davies_(retailer)" title="George Davies (retailer)">George Davis</a>; founder of Osborne Computer Corporation <a href="/wiki/Adam_Osborne" title="Adam Osborne">Adam Osborne</a>; and chairman & CEO of Bass plc Sir <a href="/wiki/Ian_Prosser" title="Ian Prosser">Ian Prosser</a>. Alumni in the legal arena include Hong Kong Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ma_Tao-li" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Ma Tao-li">Geoffrey Ma Tao-li</a>; Hong Kong Judge of the Court of Final Appeal <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tang_(judge)" title="Robert Tang (judge)">Robert Tang</a>; Justice of Appeal at the Court of Appeal in Tanzania <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kisanga" title="Robert Kisanga">Robert Kisanga</a>; Justice of the Supreme Court of Belize <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Arana" title="Michelle Arana">Michelle Arana</a>; Lord Justice of Appeal Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Otton" title="Philip Otton">Philip Otton</a>; and High Court Judges Dame <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Davies_(judge)" title="Nicola Davies (judge)">Nicola Davies</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Davies_(judge)" title="Michael Davies (judge)">Michael Davies</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Globe" title="Henry Globe">Henry Globe</a>, and Dame <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Theis" title="Lucy Theis">Lucy Theis</a>. Alumni in the armed forces include Chief of the General Staff General Sir <a href="/wiki/Mike_Jackson_(British_Army_officer)" title="Mike Jackson (British Army officer)">Mike Jackson</a>; and Director General of the Army Medical Services <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hawley_(British_Army_officer)" title="Alan Hawley (British Army officer)">Alan Hawley</a>. Alumni in the sphere of religion include Metropolitan Archbishop and Primate of the Anglican Church in South East Asia <a href="/wiki/Bolly_Lapok" title="Bolly Lapok">Bolly Lapok</a>; Anglican Bishops <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bayes" title="Paul Bayes">Paul Bayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Smith_(bishop)" title="Alan Smith (bishop)">Alan Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Venner" title="Stephen Venner">Stephen Venner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Langrish" title="Michael Langrish">Michael Langrish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eber_Priestley" title="Eber Priestley">Eber Priestley</a>; Anglican Suffragan Bishops <a href="/wiki/Brian_Castle" title="Brian Castle">Brian Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colin_Docker" title="Colin Docker">Colin Docker</a>; Catholic Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McDonald_(bishop)" title="Kevin McDonald (bishop)">Kevin McDonald</a>; and Catholic bishop <a href="/wiki/Philip_Egan" title="Philip Egan">Philip Egan</a>. Alumni in the field of healthcare include: chair of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence <a href="/wiki/David_Haslam_(physician)" title="David Haslam (physician)">David Haslam</a>; Dame <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Lloyd" title="Hilda Lloyd">Hilda Lloyd</a>, the first woman to be elected as president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; Chief Scientific Officer in the NHS <a href="/wiki/Sue_Hill" title="Sue Hill">Sue Hill</a>; Chief Dental Officer for England <a href="/wiki/Barry_Cockcroft_(dentist)" title="Barry Cockcroft (dentist)">Barry Cockcroft</a>; and Chief Medical officer for England Sir <a href="/wiki/Liam_Donaldson" title="Liam Donaldson">Liam Donaldson</a>. Alumni in the domain of engineering include: Chairman of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and of the Central Electricity Generating Board <a href="/wiki/Walter_Marshall,_Baron_Marshall_of_Goring" title="Walter Marshall, Baron Marshall of Goring">Lord Marshall of Goring</a>; Chairman of British Aerospace Sir <a href="/wiki/Austin_Pearce" title="Austin Pearce">Austin Pearce</a>; Chief Engineer of the PWD Shaef in World War II Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_McLean_(engineer)" title="Francis McLean (engineer)">Francis McLean</a>; and Director of Production at the Ministry of Munitions during World War I Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fowler_(engineer)" title="Henry Fowler (engineer)">Henry Fowler</a>. Alumni in the creative industries include actors <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Carroll" title="Madeleine Carroll">Madeleine Carroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Curry" title="Tim Curry">Tim Curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamsin_Greig" title="Tamsin Greig">Tamsin Greig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Goode" title="Matthew Goode">Matthew Goode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lindsay" title="Nigel Lindsay">Nigel Lindsay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Cowan" title="Elliot Cowan">Elliot Cowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hutchings" title="Geoffrey Hutchings">Geoffrey Hutchings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Loe" title="Judy Loe">Judy Loe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wymark" title="Jane Wymark">Jane Wymark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Gale" title="Mariah Gale">Mariah Gale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadley_Fraser" title="Hadley Fraser">Hadley Fraser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Henstridge" title="Elizabeth Henstridge">Elizabeth Henstridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Painting" title="Norman Painting">Norman Painting</a>; actors and comedians <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Wood" title="Victoria Wood">Victoria Wood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Addison" title="Chris Addison">Chris Addison</a>; dancer/choreographer and co-creator of 'Riverdance' <a href="/wiki/Jean_Butler" title="Jean Butler">Jean Butler</a>, social media influencer and YouTuber <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Witton" title="Hannah Witton">Hannah Witton</a>, children's author and scholar <a href="/wiki/Fawzia_Gilani-Williams" title="Fawzia Gilani-Williams">Fawzia Gilani-Williams</a>, author <a href="/wiki/Polly_Ho-Yen" title="Polly Ho-Yen">Polly Ho-Yen</a>, musicians <a href="/wiki/Simon_Le_Bon" title="Simon Le Bon">Simon Le Bon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran" title="Duran Duran">Duran Duran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christine_McVie" title="Christine McVie">Christine McVie</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a>, and travel writer <a href="/wiki/Alan_Booth" title="Alan Booth">Alan Booth</a>. Alumni in academia include: University Vice-Chancellors <a href="/wiki/Frank_Horton_(physicist)" title="Frank Horton (physicist)">Frank Horton</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Howson_Pickard" title="Robert Howson Pickard">Robert Howson Pickard</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Louis_Matheson" title="Louis Matheson">Louis Matheson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Burke" title="Derek Burke">Derek Burke</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Alex_Jarratt" title="Alex Jarratt">Alex Jarratt</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Baxter" title="Philip Baxter">Philip Baxter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Watts" title="Vincent Watts">Vincent Watts</a>, <a href="/wiki/P._B._Sharma" title="P. B. Sharma">P. B. Sharma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berrick_Saul" title="Berrick Saul">Berrick Saul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wahid_Omar_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahid Omar (academic)">Wahid Omar</a>; neurobiologist and Emeritus Professor at the University of Cambridge Sir <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Horn" title="Gabriel Horn">Gabriel Horn</a>, physicians Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Markham" title="Alexander Markham">Alexander Markham</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Barling" title="Gilbert Barling">Gilbert Barling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_MacMahon" title="Brian MacMahon">Brian MacMahon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Valero" title="Aaron Valero">Aaron Valero</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Thomson_(physician)" title="Arthur Thomson (physician)">Arthur Thomson</a>; neurologist Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Owen_(neurologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Owen (neurologist)">Michael Owen</a>; physicists <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" title="John Stewart Bell">John Stewart Bell</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Alan_Cottrell" title="Alan Cottrell">Alan Cottrell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Flowers,_Baron_Flowers" title="Brian Flowers, Baron Flowers">Lord Flowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Boot" title="Harry Boot">Harry Boot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elliott_H._Lieb" title="Elliott H. Lieb">Elliott H. Lieb</a> (recipient of the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9_Prize" title="Henri Poincaré Prize">Henri Poincaré Prize</a>), <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Mandelstam" title="Stanley Mandelstam">Stanley Mandelstam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Ernest_Salpeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Ernest Salpeter">Edwin Ernest Salpeter</a> (recipient of the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Crafoord_Prize" title="Crafoord Prize">Crafoord Prize</a> in Astronomy), Sir <a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Titterton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest William Titterton">Ernest William Titterton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Wilson_(physicist)" title="Raymond Wilson (physicist)">Raymond Wilson</a> (recipient of the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Kavli_Prize" title="Kavli Prize">Kavli Prize</a> in Astrophysics); statistician <a href="/wiki/Peter_McCullagh" title="Peter McCullagh">Peter McCullagh</a>; chemist Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Howson_Pickard" title="Robert Howson Pickard">Robert Howson Pickard</a>; biologists Sir <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Murray_(biologist)" title="Kenneth Murray (biologist)">Kenneth Murray</a> and Lady <a href="/wiki/Noreen_Murray" title="Noreen Murray">Noreen Murray</a>; zoologists <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Desmond Morris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Shuker" title="Karl Shuker">Karl Shuker</a>; behavioural neuroscientist <a href="/wiki/Barry_Everitt_(scientist)" title="Barry Everitt (scientist)">Barry Everitt</a>; palaeontologist <a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Whittington" title="Harry B. Whittington">Harry B. Whittington</a>; computer scientist <a href="/wiki/Mike_Cowlishaw" title="Mike Cowlishaw">Mike Cowlishaw</a>; Women's writing academic <a href="/wiki/Lorna_Sage" title="Lorna Sage">Lorna Sage</a>; philosopher <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(philosopher)" title="John Lewis (philosopher)">John Lewis</a>; economist and historian <a href="/wiki/Homa_Katouzian" title="Homa Katouzian">Homa Katouzian</a>; theologian and biochemist <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Peacocke" title="Arthur Peacocke">Arthur Peacocke</a>; <a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">labour economist</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Blanchflower" title="David Blanchflower">David Blanchflower</a>; Professor of Social Policy at the London School of Economics Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Hills_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hills (academic)">John Hills</a>; geographer <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_J.D._Hewings" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey J.D. Hewings">Geoffrey J.D. Hewings</a>; Professor of Geology and ninth President of Cornell University <a href="/wiki/Frank_H._T._Rhodes" title="Frank H. T. Rhodes">Frank H. T. Rhodes</a>; Government Chief Scientific Adviser Sir <a href="/wiki/Alan_Cottrell" title="Alan Cottrell">Alan Cottrell</a>; and former astronaut <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Neri_Vela" title="Rodolfo Neri Vela">Rodolfo Neri Vela</a>. Alumni in the world of sport are many. They include <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Clayton" title="Lisa Clayton">Lisa Clayton</a>, the first woman to sail the globe single-handed; 400 metres runner <a href="/wiki/Allison_Curbishley" title="Allison Curbishley">Allison Curbishley</a>, who won silver at the <a href="/wiki/1998_Commonwealth_Games" title="1998 Commonwealth Games">1998 Commonwealth Games</a>; <a href="/wiki/Team_pursuit" title="Team pursuit">team pursuit</a> cyclist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manning_(cyclist)" title="Paul Manning (cyclist)">Paul Manning</a>, who won bronze, silver and gold at the Olympics of 2004, 2008 and 2012; sports scholar <a href="/wiki/Izzy_Christiansen" title="Izzy Christiansen">Izzy Christiansen</a>, who played football for Birmingham City, Everton and Manchester City before her call up to the senior England squad; Warwickshire and England cricketer <a href="/wiki/Jim_Troughton" title="Jim Troughton">Jim Troughton</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Pengilly" title="Adam Pengilly">Adam Pengilly</a> who competed as a skeleton racer at the <a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/IOC_Athletes%27_Commission" title="IOC Athletes' Commission">International Olympic Committee Athletes' Commission</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> Triathlete <a href="/wiki/Chrissie_Wellington" title="Chrissie Wellington">Chrissie Wellington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Joyce_(triathlete)" title="Rachel Joyce (triathlete)">Rachel Joyce</a> won the ITU Long Distance World Championship in 2008 and 2011, and Chrissie holds the four fastest times in the World Ironman competition. She received an OBE in 2009, and the current world-class gym at the Sport & Fitness club on campus is named in her honour. Whilst still studying at the university, student <a href="/wiki/Lily_Owsley" title="Lily Owsley">Lily Owsley</a> scored the field hockey gold medal-winning goal at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Rio Olympics</a> with the help of teammate and fellow UoB graduate <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Bray" title="Sophie Bray">Sophie Bray</a>. Middle-distance athlete <a href="/wiki/Hannah_England" title="Hannah England">Hannah England</a> won the World Championship 1500m silver in 2011<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> and after retiring from athletics officially in 2019, worked alongside fellow athlete and husband Luke Gunn in the Sport department at the university.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> In recent years, Birmingham has seen scholars such as athletes <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Davies_(athlete)" title="Jonathan Davies (athlete)">Jonny Davies</a>, 2020 British indoor champion over 3000m; Sarah McDonald, a former 1500m British Champion, and Mari Smith, the current British indoor silver medallist over 800m pass through the doors. Fran Williams, senior England netballer player, won Bronze with the England Roses at the Vitality Netball World Cup in Liverpool in 2019, the youngest player on the squad at 22 years old, and Laura Keates, England international rugby player, who was part of the 2014 World Cup-winning squad.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Barbara Slater, daughter of Wolverhampton Wanderer's legend and UoB's Director of Sport in 1972 Bill Slater, became Director of BBC Sport from 2009, and was the first woman to hold this title. She led the broadcast of the London 2012 Olympics – the biggest television event in British broadcasting history. Former Manchester United Chief Executive David Gill learned the ropes of financing at Birmingham, studying Industrial, Economic and Business Studies in 1978; sports commentator Simon Brotherton developed his career whilst studying at UoB, and Sir Patrick Head, founder of the Williams team which dominated Formula One in the 1990s, studied Mechanical Engineering.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Across disciplines, <a href="/wiki/John_Crabtree_(businessman)" title="John Crabtree (businessman)">John Crabtree</a>, who graduated in law in 1972, achieved success as a lawyer and businessman, was awarded the OBE for his charity work, and served as <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_the_West_Midlands" title="High Sheriff of the West Midlands">High Sheriff of the West Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_West_Midlands" title="Lord Lieutenant of the West Midlands">Lord Lieutenant of the West Midlands</a>, and as chair of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Birmingham_Commonwealth_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games">2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games</a> Organising Committee.<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_UK_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of UK universities">Armorial of UK universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_universities_in_Europe_(1801%E2%80%931945)" title="List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)">List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List of universities in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Includes those who indicate that they identify as <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed Heritage</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Arabs" title="British Arabs">Arab</a> or any other ethnicity except White. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_John_Anderson" title="Peter John Anderson">Anderson, Peter John</a> (1907). 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Nelson Thornes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7487-9489-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7487-9489-1"><bdi>0-7487-9489-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Push+Guide+to+Which+University+2006&rft.pub=Nelson+Thornes&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7487-9489-1&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002512/http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/undergraduate/accommodation/halls/vale.aspx">"Student accommodation: Vale Village"</a>. University of Birmingham. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/undergraduate/accommodation/halls/vale.aspx">the original</a> on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Vale+Village&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.ac.uk%2Fundergraduate%2Faccommodation%2Fhalls%2Fvale.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/vale/shackleton.shtml">"Student accommodation: Shackleton"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Shackleton&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fvale%2Fshackleton.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glancynicholls.com/">"Glancy Nicholls Architects"</a>. Glancy Nicholls Architects. Retrieved 5 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glancy+Nicholls+Architects&rft.pub=Glancy+Nicholls+Architects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glancynicholls.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/vale/maple.shtml">"Student accommodation: Maple Bank"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Maple+Bank&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fvale%2Fmaple.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/vale/elgar.shtml">"Student accommodation: Elgar Court"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Elgar+Court&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fvale%2Felgar.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/vale/tennis.shtml">"Student accommodation: Tennis Court"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Tennis+Court&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fvale%2Ftennis.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/vale/aitken.shtml">"Student accommodation: Aitken"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Aitken&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fvale%2Faitken.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Liz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estates.bham.ac.uk/projects/Mason%20Hall%20Redev.htm">"Mason Hall Redevelopment"</a>. The Estates Office (University of Birmingham). Retrieved 8 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mason+Hall+Redevelopment&rft.pub=The+Estates+Office+%28University+of+Birmingham%29&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estates.bham.ac.uk%2Fprojects%2FMason%2520Hall%2520Redev.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/pritchattspark/">"Student accommodation: Pritchatts Park"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 8 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Pritchatts+Park&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fpritchattspark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/pritchattspark/spinney.shtml">"Student accommodation: The Spinney"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+The+Spinney&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fpritchattspark%2Fspinney.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/pritchattspark/ashcroft.shtml">"Student accommodation: Ashcroft"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Ashcroft&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fpritchattspark%2Fashcroft.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/pritchattspark/pritchattsho.shtml">"Student accommodation: Pritchatts House"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Pritchatts+House&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fpritchattspark%2Fpritchattsho.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/pritchattspark/oakley.shtml">"Student accommodation: Oakley Court"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Oakley+Court&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fpritchattspark%2Foakley.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625173313/http://www.associated-architects.co.uk/files/oakleycourt.pdf">"Oakley Court, Pritchatts Road"</a> (PDF). Associated Architects. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.associated-architects.co.uk/files/oakleycourt.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oakley+Court%2C+Pritchatts+Road&rft.pub=Associated+Architects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.associated-architects.co.uk%2Ffiles%2Foakleycourt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/pritchattspark/pritchattsrd.shtml">"Student accommodation: Pritchatts Road"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Pritchatts+Road&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fpritchattspark%2Fpritchattsrd.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.has.bham.ac.uk/studentaccom/sellyoak/">"Student accommodation: Selly Oak Village"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 10 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Selly+Oak+Village&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.has.bham.ac.uk%2Fstudentaccom%2Fsellyoak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207151852/http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/students/accommodation/halls/sellyoak.aspx">"Student accommodation: Jarratt Hall"</a>. University of Birmingham. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/students/accommodation/halls/sellyoak.aspx">the original</a> on 7 February 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+accommodation%3A+Jarratt+Hall&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.ac.uk%2Fstudents%2Faccommodation%2Fhalls%2Fsellyoak.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521140845/http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/students/accommodation/halls/sellyoak.aspx">"Selly Oak Village – University of Birmingham"</a>. University of Birmingham. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/students/accommodation/halls/sellyoak.aspx">the original</a> on 21 May 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bhamalumni.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=610">the original</a> on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Birmingham+Nobel+Prize+Winners&rft.pub=bhamalumni.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbhamalumni.org%2FNetCommunity%2FPage.aspx%3Fpid%3D610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021065856/http://www.aip.org/history/acap/biographies/bio.jsp?schriefferj">"J. Robert Schrieffer"</a>. The American Institute of Physics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/acap/biographies/bio.jsp?schriefferj">the original</a> on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.+Robert+Schrieffer&rft.pub=The+American+Institute+of+Physics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fhistory%2Facap%2Fbiographies%2Fbio.jsp%3Fschriefferj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2016/10/former-birmingham-scientists-nobel-prize.aspx">"Two former Birmingham scientists awarded Nobel Prize for Physics"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+former+Birmingham+scientists+awarded+Nobel+Prize+for+Physics&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Flatest%2F2016%2F10%2Fformer-birmingham-scientists-nobel-prize.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2016/10/former-birmingham-professor-nobel-prize.aspx">"Former University of Birmingham professor awarded 2016 Nobel Prize for Chemistry"</a>. University of Birmingham. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+University+of+Birmingham+professor+awarded+2016+Nobel+Prize+for+Chemistry&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Flatest%2F2016%2F10%2Fformer-birmingham-professor-nobel-prize.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/85075/Anthony-Burgess">"Anthony Burgess"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anthony+Burgess&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F85075%2FAnthony-Burgess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104706/http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/documents/culture/bookletfinalpdf.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/documents/culture/bookletfinalpdf.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.ac.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fculture%2Fbookletfinalpdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallett2008" class="citation news cs1">Hallett, Stephen (1 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jul/01/ipcc">"Obituary:Peter Bullock"</a>. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 14 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary%3APeter+Bullock&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.aulast=Hallett&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2008%2Fjul%2F01%2Fipcc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teamgb.com/athlete/adam-pengilly/7moSh9vpCChFNWA09uXob1">"Adam Pengilly"</a>. teamgb.com. Retrieved 11 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teamgb.com&rft.atitle=Adam+Pengilly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teamgb.com%2Fathlete%2Fadam-pengilly%2F7moSh9vpCChFNWA09uXob1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/sep/01/hannah-england-world-athletics-championships">"Hannah England's finish earns silver at World Athletics Championships"</a>. The Guardian. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hannah+England%27s+finish+earns+silver+at+World+Athletics+Championships&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2011%2Fsep%2F01%2Fhannah-england-world-athletics-championships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishathletics.org.uk/news-and-features/gunn-shares-insight-into-british-champs-coaching-success/">"Gunn Shares Insight into British Champs Coaching Success"</a>. British Athletics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Athletics&rft.atitle=Gunn+Shares+Insight+into+British+Champs+Coaching+Success&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishathletics.org.uk%2Fnews-and-features%2Fgunn-shares-insight-into-british-champs-coaching-success%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U288601">"Crabtree, John Rawcliffe Airey, (born 5 Aug. 1949), Lord-Lieutenant of West Midlands, since 2017"</a>. Who's Who & Who Was Who. Retrieved 29 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who+%26+Who+Was+Who&rft.atitle=Crabtree%2C+John+Rawcliffe+Airey%2C+%28born+5+Aug.+1949%29%2C+Lord-Lieutenant+of+West+Midlands%2C+since+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU288601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Bibliography</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2005" class="citation book cs1">Foster, A. (2005). Birmingham (Pevsner Architectural Guides). London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10731-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10731-5"><bdi>0-300-10731-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birmingham+%28Pevsner+Architectural+Guides%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-300-10731-5&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvesSchwarzDrummond2000" class="citation book cs1">Ives, Eric William; Schwarz, L. D.; Drummond, Diane K. (2000). The First Civic University: Birmingham 1880-1980 An Introductory History. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902459-07-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-902459-07-5"><bdi>1-902459-07-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Civic+University%3A+Birmingham+1880-1980+An+Introductory+History&rft.place=Birmingham%2C+UK&rft.pub=University+of+Birmingham+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-902459-07-5&rft.aulast=Ives&rft.aufirst=Eric+William&rft.au=Schwarz%2C+L.+D.&rft.au=Drummond%2C+Diane+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The University of Birmingham Yearbook 2002–2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Birmingham+Yearbook+2002%E2%80%932003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheesewright1975" class="citation book cs1">Cheesewright, M. (1975). Mirror to a Mermaid. Birmingham: The University of Birmingham Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7044-0130-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7044-0130-4"><bdi>0-7044-0130-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mirror+to+a+Mermaid&rft.place=Birmingham&rft.pub=The+University+of+Birmingham+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-7044-0130-4&rft.aulast=Cheesewright&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraithwaite1987" class="citation book cs1">Braithwaite, L. (1987). University of Birmingham Architectural Trail. Birmingham: The University of Birmingham Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7044-0890-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7044-0890-2"><bdi>0-7044-0890-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=University+of+Birmingham+Architectural+Trail&rft.place=Birmingham&rft.pub=The+University+of+Birmingham+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-7044-0890-2&rft.aulast=Braithwaite&rft.aufirst=L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1950" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, A. (1950). The University of Birmingham : A Short History. Birmingham: The University of Birmingham Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Birmingham+%3A+A+Short+History&rft.place=Birmingham&rft.pub=The+University+of+Birmingham+Press&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Birmingham" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_Birmingham" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/index.aspx">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guildofstudents.com/">Guild of Students (The Guild functions as the Students' Union)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518143737/http://www.bhamf.org/">University of Birmingham Foundation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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Birmingham">Queen's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak_Colleges" title="Selly Oak Colleges">Selly Oak Colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Old_joe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower (Old Joe Tower)"><img alt="Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower (Old Joe Tower)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Old_joe.jpg/150px-Old_joe.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Old_joe.jpg/225px-Old_joe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Old_joe.jpg/300px-Old_joe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: #fff; background: #306eff;;width:1%;text-align: center;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Bilimoria,_Baron_Bilimoria" title="Karan Bilimoria, Baron Bilimoria">Lord Bilimoria</a> (Chancellor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Tickell" title="Adam Tickell">Adam Tickell</a> (Vice-Chancellor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Birmingham_people" title="List of University of Birmingham people">List of University of Birmingham people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Birmingham_academics" title="List of University of Birmingham academics">List of University of Birmingham academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Birmingham_alumni" title="List of University of Birmingham alumni">List of University of Birmingham alumni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: #fff; background: #306eff;;width:1%;text-align: center;">Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arts and Law</li> <li>Engineering and Physical Sciences</li> <li>Life and Environmental Sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_Medical_School" title="University of Birmingham Medical School">Medical and Dental Sciences</a></li> <li>Social Sciences</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: #fff; background: #306eff;;width:1%;text-align: center;">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_Hospitals_Birmingham_NHS_Foundation_Trust" title="University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust">Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironbridge_Institute" title="Ironbridge Institute">Ironbridge Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain_Memorial_Clock_Tower" title="Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower">Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapworth_Museum_of_Geology" title="Lapworth Museum of Geology">Lapworth Museum of Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham" title="Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham">Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_House,_University_of_Birmingham" title="University House, University of Birmingham">University House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_railway_station_(England)" title="University railway station (England)">University Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_School" title="University of Birmingham School">University of Birmingham School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_Botanic_Garden" title="Winterbourne Botanic Garden">Winterbourne Botanic Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: #fff; background: #306eff;;width:1%;text-align: center;">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Archaeology" title="Birmingham Archaeology">Birmingham Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Business_School_(University_of_Birmingham)" title="Birmingham Business School (University of Birmingham)">Birmingham Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Contemporary_Cultural_Studies" title="Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies">Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_International_Education_and_Research" title="Centre for International Education and Research">Centre for International Education and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_of_West_African_Studies" title="Centre of West African Studies">Centre of West African Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlogov" title="Inlogov">Inlogov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="International Development Department">International Development Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subject_Network_for_Sociology,_Anthropology,_Politics" title="Subject Network for Sociology, Anthropology, Politics">Subject Network for Sociology, Anthropology, Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: #fff; background: #306eff;;width:1%;text-align: center;">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_Guild_of_Students" title="University of Birmingham Guild of Students">Guild of Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_University_Astronomical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham University Astronomical Society">Astronomical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_Financial_Forum" title="University of Birmingham Financial Forum">Birmingham Financial Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BurnFM.com" title="BurnFM.com">BurnFM.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterVol" title="InterVol">InterVol (International Volunteering Project)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbrick_(newspaper)" title="Redbrick (newspaper)">Redbrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ValeFest" title="ValeFest">ValeFest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham_Hockey_Club" title="University of Birmingham Hockey Club">Hockey Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: #fff; background: #306eff;;width:1%;text-align: center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mingana_Collection" title="Mingana Collection">Mingana Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Quran_manuscript" title="Birmingham Quran manuscript">Birmingham Quran manuscript</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color: #fff; background: #306eff;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Birmingham" title="Category:University of Birmingham">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_Birmingham" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:University of Birmingham">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_University" title="Korea University">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">Singapore National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UC_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Davis">California Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University">McMaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey_Institute_of_Technology_and_Higher_Education" title="Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education">Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">Maryland College Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Auckland" title="University of Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">Queensland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Chile">Chile Pontifical Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;background:#7F5192;COLOR:WHITE">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Johannesburg" title="University of Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russell_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russell_Group" title="Template:Russell Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russell_Group" title="Template talk:Russell Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russell_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russell Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russell_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Birmingham&#124;link=Birmingham_Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" title="Template:Buildings and structures in Birmingham, England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" title="Template talk:Buildings and structures in Birmingham, England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings and structures in Birmingham, England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Birmingham&#124;link=Birmingham_Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham"><img alt="Birmingham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_Birmingham%2C_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1800" /></a> Buildings and structures in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Birmingham">Highrise</a> (in height order)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield_transmitting_station" title="Sutton Coldfield transmitting station">Sutton Coldfield mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Tower,_Birmingham" title="BT Tower, Birmingham">BT Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Holloway_Circus" title="10 Holloway Circus">10 Holloway Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain_Memorial_Clock_Tower" title="Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower">Chamberlain Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Tower" title="Alpha Tower">Alpha Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Building" title="Orion Building">Orion Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sentinels" title="The Sentinels">Sentinels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda,_Birmingham" title="Rotunda, Birmingham">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103_Colmore_Row" title="103 Colmore Row">103 Colmore Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cube,_Birmingham" title="The Cube, Birmingham">The Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Regency_Birmingham" title="Hyatt Regency Birmingham">Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_City_Tower,_Birmingham" title="Centre City Tower, Birmingham">Centre City Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowhill" title="Snowhill">Two Snowhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Snow_Hill_Plaza" title="One Snow Hill Plaza">One Snow Hill Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quayside_Tower" title="Quayside Tower">Quayside Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmore_Gate" title="Colmore Gate">Colmore Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_McLaren_Building" title="The McLaren Building">McLaren Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_House" title="Metropolitan House">Metropolitan House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_House" title="Edgbaston House">Edgbaston House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Colmore_Building" title="The Colmore Building">The Colmore Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurys_Inn_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurys Inn Birmingham">Jury's Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_House,_Birmingham" title="Lloyd House, Birmingham">Lloyd House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Library" title="Aston Library">Aston Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baskerville_House" title="Baskerville House">Baskerville House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelhouse_Lane_police_station" title="Steelhouse Lane police station">Central Police Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_Clock" title="Chamberlain Clock">Chamberlain Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_Memorial" title="Chamberlain Memorial">Chamberlain Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_House,_Birmingham" title="Council House, Birmingham">Council House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Waterworks" title="Edgbaston Waterworks">Edgbaston Waterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyseley_Energy_from_Waste_Plant" title="Tyseley Energy from Waste Plant">Energy from Waste Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Memory,_Birmingham" title="Hall of Memory, Birmingham">Hall of Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Birmingham" title="Library of Birmingham">Library of Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Library_and_Baths,_Balsall_Heath" title="Public Library and Baths, Balsall Heath">Moseley Road Baths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Baths_Committee" title="Birmingham Baths Committee">Other baths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Municipal_Bank_headquarters" title="Birmingham Municipal Bank headquarters">Municipal Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Town_Hall" title="Birmingham Town Hall">Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield_Town_Hall" title="Sutton Coldfield Town Hall">Town Hall (Sutton Coldfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Wildlife_Conservation_Park" title="Birmingham Wildlife Conservation Park">Birmingham Wildlife Conservation Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Moor_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham Moor Street railway station">Moor Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">New Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Snow_Hill_railway_station" title="Birmingham Snow Hill railway station">Snow Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Birmingham,_West_Midlands" title="Category:Railway stations in Birmingham, West Midlands">Other stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_School_of_Art_building" title="Birmingham School of Art building">Birmingham School of Art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_University,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Newman University, Birmingham">Newman University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Birmingham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Birmingham" title="Queen's College, Birmingham">Queen's College, Birmingham</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Birmingham Children's Hospital">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hospital,_Birmingham" title="City Hospital, Birmingham">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Hope_Hospital" title="Good Hope Hospital">Good Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Orthopaedic_Hospital" title="Royal Orthopaedic Hospital">Orthopaedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham" title="Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham">Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Birmingham Women's Hospital">Women's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Accident_Hospital" title="Birmingham Accident Hospital">Accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_General_Hospital" title="Birmingham General Hospital">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Hospital_Birmingham_(1933%E2%80%932010)" title="Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (1933–2010)">Old Queen Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak_Hospital" title="Selly Oak Hospital">Selly Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witton_Isolation_Hospital" title="Witton Isolation Hospital">Witton Isolation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Ascension,_Hall_Green" title="Church of the Ascension, Hall Green">Ascension, Hall Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Agatha%27s_Church,_Sparkbrook" title="St Agatha's Church, Sparkbrook">St Agatha, Sparkbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Agnes%27_Church,_Moseley" title="St Agnes' Church, Moseley">St Agnes, Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Alban_the_Martyr,_Birmingham" title="St Alban the Martyr, Birmingham">St Alban, Highgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Handsworth" title="St Andrew's Church, Handsworth">St Andrew, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_Church,_Moseley" title="St Anne's Church, Moseley">St Anne, Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_Church,_Birmingham" title="St Anne's Church, Birmingham">St Anne, Digbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Church,_Edgbaston" title="St Augustine's Church, Edgbaston">St Augustine, Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Barnabas%27_Church,_Erdington" title="St Barnabas' Church, Erdington">St Barnabas, Erdington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Church,_Edgbaston" title="St Bartholomew's Church, Edgbaston">St Bartholomew, Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Benedict%27s_Church,_Bordesley" title="St Benedict's Church, Bordesley">St Benedict's, Bordesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Latimer_Memorial_Church,_Winson_Green" title="Bishop Latimer Memorial Church, Winson Green">Bishop Latimer, Winson Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine_of_Siena_Church,_Birmingham" title="St Catherine of Siena Church, Birmingham">St Catherine, Bristol Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Chad%27s_Cathedral,_Birmingham" title="St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham">St Chad's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cyprian%27s_Church,_Hay_Mills" title="St Cyprian's Church, Hay Mills">St Cyprian, Hay Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_David%27s_Church,_Shenley_Green" title="St David's Church, Shenley Green">St David, Shenley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edburgha%27s_Church,_Yardley" title="St Edburgha's Church, Yardley">St Edburgha, Yardley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Church,_Selly_Park,_Birmingham" title="St Edward's Church, Selly Park, Birmingham">St Edward, Selly Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdington_Abbey" title="Erdington Abbey">Erdington Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Faith_and_St_Laurence%27s_Church,_Harborne" title="St Faith and St Laurence's Church, Harborne">SS Faith & Laurence, Harborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_of_Assisi%27s_Church,_Bournville" title="St Francis of Assisi's Church, Bournville">St Francis, Bournville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_of_Assisi_Church,_Handsworth" title="St Francis of Assisi Church, Handsworth">St Francis, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Gabriel%27s_Church,_Weoley_Castle" title="St Gabriel's Church, Weoley Castle">St Gabriel, Weoley Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Edgbaston" title="St George's Church, Edgbaston">St George, Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Church,_Sheldon" title="St Giles' Church, Sheldon">St Giles, Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_Chapel,_Handsworth_Cemetery" title="Mortuary Chapel, Handsworth Cemetery">Handsworth Cemetery Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Birchfield" title="Holy Trinity Church, Birchfield">Holy Trinity, Birchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity_and_St_Luke" title="Greek Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity and St Luke">Holy Trinity & St Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Sutton_Coldfield" title="Holy Trinity Church, Sutton Coldfield">Holy Trinity, Sutton Coldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27_Church,_Handsworth" title="St James' Church, Handsworth">St James, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Church,_Ladywood" title="St John's Church, Ladywood">St John, Ladywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Evangelist%27s_Church,_Perry_Barr" title="St John the Evangelist's Church, Perry Barr">St John, Perry Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Church,_Sparkhill" title="St John's Church, Sparkhill">St John, Sparkhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Laurence%27s_Church,_Northfield" title="St Laurence's Church, Northfield">St Laurence, Northfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Prince_Lazar,_Birmingham" title="Church of the Holy Prince Lazar, Birmingham">St Lazar, Bournville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin_in_the_Bull_Ring" title="St Martin in the Bull Ring">St Martin, Bull Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Church,_Washwood_Heath" title="St Mark's Church, Washwood Heath">St Mark, Washwood Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Acocks_Green" title="St Mary the Virgin, Acocks Green">St Mary, Acocks Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Handsworth" title="St Mary's Church, Handsworth">St Mary, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Moseley" title="St Mary's Church, Moseley">St Mary, Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Selly_Oak" title="St Mary's Church, Selly Oak">St Mary, Selly Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Convent,_Handsworth" title="St Mary's Convent, Handsworth">St Mary's Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Methodist Central Hall, Birmingham">Methodist Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_and_All_Angels%27_Church,_Bartley_Green" title="St Michael and All Angels' Church, Bartley Green">St Michael & All Angels, Bartley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Handsworth" title="St Michael's Church, Handsworth">St Michael, Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Catholic_Church,_Moor_Street" title="St Michael's Catholic Church, Moor Street">St Michael, Moor Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nicolas%27_Church,_Kings_Norton" title="St Nicolas' Church, Kings Norton">St Nicolas, Kings Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Oratory" title="Birmingham Oratory">Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Birmingham" title="St Paul's Church, Birmingham">St Paul, Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Lozells" title="St Paul's Church, Lozells">St Paul, Lozells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Harborne" title="St Peter's Church, Harborne">St Peter, Harborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_SS_Peter_%26_Paul,_Aston" title="Church of SS Peter & Paul, Aston">SS Peter & Paul, Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Philip%27s_Cathedral,_Birmingham" title="St Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham">St Philip's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Silas%27_Church,_Lozells" title="St Silas' Church, Lozells">St Silas, Lozells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stechford_Baptist_Church" title="Stechford Baptist Church">Stechford Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Central_Mosque" title="Birmingham Central Mosque">Central Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Barakaat_Mosque" title="Darul Barakaat Mosque">Darul Barakaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghamkol_Shariff_Masjid" title="Ghamkol Shariff Masjid">Ghamkol Shariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Lane_Masjid" title="Green Lane Masjid">Green Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_Masjid_and_Islamic_Centre_Birmingham" title="Jami Masjid and Islamic Centre Birmingham">Jami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Central_Synagogue" title="Birmingham Central Synagogue">Central Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singers_Hill_Synagogue" title="Singers Hill Synagogue">Singers Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sikh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Nishkam_Sevak_Jatha" title="Guru Nanak Nishkam Sevak Jatha">Guru Nanak, Handsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hindu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shree_Geeta_Bhawan" title="Shree Geeta Bhawan">Shree Geeta Bhawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anchorage,_Birmingham" title="The Anchorage, Birmingham">Anchorage, The</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wray_Lighting_works" title="Christopher Wray Lighting works">Christopher Wray Lighting works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Hall" title="Edgbaston Hall">Edgbaston Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Endwood" title="The Endwood">The Endwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Hay Hall, Birmingham">Hay Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highbury_Hall" title="Highbury Hall">Highbury Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moat_House,_Sutton_Coldfield" title="Moat House, Sutton Coldfield">Moat House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_Hall" title="Moor Hall">Moor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moseley_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Moseley Hall, Birmingham">Moseley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hall_Manor" title="New Hall Manor">New Hall Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfield_Manor_House" title="Northfield Manor House">Northfield Manor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peddimore_Hall" title="Peddimore Hall">Peddimore Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penns_Hall" title="Penns Hall">Penns Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pype_Hayes_Hall" title="Pype Hayes Hall">Pype Hayes Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Hall" title="Sheldon Hall">Sheldon Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_House_(Birmingham)" title="Stratford House (Birmingham)">Stratford House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterbourne_Botanic_Garden" title="Winterbourne Botanic Garden">Winterbourne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel,_Birmingham" title="Grand Hotel, Birmingham">Grand Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Regency_Birmingham" title="Hyatt Regency Birmingham">Hyatt Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cube,_Birmingham" title="The Cube, Birmingham">Hotel Indigo (The Cube)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurys_Inn_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurys Inn Birmingham">Jurys Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Holloway_Circus" title="10 Holloway Circus">Radisson Blu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resorts_World_Birmingham" title="Resorts World Birmingham">Resorts World Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hotels_in_Birmingham,_West_Midlands" title="Category:Hotels in Birmingham, West Midlands">Other hotels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_%26_Eve,_Birmingham" title="Adam & Eve, Birmingham">Adam & Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Inn,_Birmingham" title="Anchor Inn, Birmingham">Anchor Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Antelope,_Birmingham" title="The Antelope, Birmingham">Antelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bartons_Arms" title="The Bartons Arms">Bartons Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Horse,_Northfield" title="Black Horse, Northfield">Black Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookhill_Tavern" title="Brookhill Tavern">Brookhill Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown,_Birmingham" title="The Crown, Birmingham">Crown</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_Inn,_Birmingham" title="The Crown Inn, Birmingham">Crown Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Cocks,_Moseley" title="Fighting Cocks, Moseley">Fighting Cocks, Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_and_Grapes,_Birmingham" title="Fox and Grapes, Birmingham">Fox and Grapes</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Eagle,_Birmingham" title="Golden Eagle, Birmingham">Golden Eagle</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lad_in_the_Lane" title="Lad in the Lane">Lad in the Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Crown,_Birmingham" title="The Old Crown, Birmingham">Old Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Arms,_Birmingham" title="Queen's Arms, Birmingham">Queen's Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lion,_Handsworth" title="Red Lion, Handsworth">Red Lion</a> (Handsworth; closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Woodman" title="The Woodman">Woodman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brindleyplace" title="Brindleyplace">Brindleyplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Ring,_Birmingham" title="Bull Ring, Birmingham">Bull Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends%27_Institute_buildings" title="Friends' Institute buildings">Friends' Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_Birmingham" title="ICC Birmingham">International Convention Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central,_Birmingham" title="Grand Central, Birmingham">Grand Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbridge_plant" title="Longbridge plant">Longbridge plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise,_Birmingham" title="Paradise, Birmingham">Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Shopping_Centre" title="Swan Shopping Centre">Swan Shopping Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Alexandra,_Birmingham" title="The Alexandra, Birmingham">The Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Odeon" title="Birmingham Odeon">Birmingham Odeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Theatre" title="Crescent Theatre">Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drum,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="The Drum, Birmingham">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Cinema,_Sutton_Coldfield" title="Empire Cinema, Sutton Coldfield">Empire Cinema, Sutton Coldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Hippodrome" title="Birmingham Hippodrome">Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac,_Birmingham" title="Mac, Birmingham">mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Repertory_Theatre" title="Birmingham Repertory Theatre">Rep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Cinema" title="Oak Cinema">Oak Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon,_Kingstanding" title="Odeon, Kingstanding">Odeon, Kingstanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Rep" title="Old Rep">Old Rep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Cinema,_Birmingham" title="Piccadilly Cinema, Birmingham">Piccadilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Symphony Hall, Birmingham">Symphony Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Hall" title="Aston Hall">Aston Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Back_to_Backs" title="Birmingham Back to Backs">Back to Backs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery">Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blakesley_Hall" title="Blakesley Hall">Blakesley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hall_Mill" title="New Hall Mill">New Hall Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_Brothers_Coffin_Furniture_Factory" title="Newman Brothers Coffin Furniture Factory">Newman Bros Coffin Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarehole_Mill" title="Sarehole Mill">Sarehole Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Manor" title="Selly Manor">Selly Manor</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Minworth_Greaves" title="Minworth Greaves">Minworth Greaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soho_House" title="Soho House">Soho House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weoley_Castle_(house)" title="Weoley Castle (house)">Weoley Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stadium" title="Alexander Stadium">Alexander Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground" title="Edgbaston Cricket Ground">Edgbaston (cricket)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Priory_Club" title="Edgbaston Priory Club">Edgbaston Priory Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_(stadium)" title="St Andrew's (stadium)">St Andrew's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Park" title="Villa Park">Villa Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1%E2%80%937_Constitution_Hill,_Birmingham" title="1–7 Constitution Hill, Birmingham">1–7 Constitution Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_%26_19_Newhall_Street,_Birmingham" title="17 & 19 Newhall Street, Birmingham">17 & 19 Newhall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Birmingham" title="Arena Birmingham">Arena Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Ashford_%26_Son_building" title="J. Ashford & Son building">Ashford & Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Assay_Office" title="Birmingham Assay Office">Assay Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Banking_Company" title="Birmingham Banking Company">Birmingham Banking Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Crematorium" title="Birmingham Crematorium">Birmingham Crematorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromford_Viaduct" title="Bromford Viaduct">Bromford Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Assembly" title="Castle Bromwich Assembly">Castle Bromwich Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Pagoda">Chinese Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dunlop" title="Fort Dunlop">Fort Dunlop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Retort_House" title="Gas Retort House">Gas Retort House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Arcade" title="Great Western Arcade">Great Western Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holliday_Street_Aqueduct" title="Holliday Street Aqueduct">Holliday Street Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICC_Birmingham" title="ICC Birmingham">ICC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Point,_Birmingham" title="Millennium Point, Birmingham">Millennium Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_Signal_Box" title="Birmingham New Street Signal Box">New Street Signal Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrott%27s_Folly" title="Perrott's Folly">Perrott's Folly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Bridge" title="Perry Bridge">Perry Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Birmingham" title="HM Prison Birmingham">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Proof_House" title="Birmingham Proof House">Proof House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringway_Centre" title="Ringway Centre">Ringway Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse,_Birmingham" title="Roundhouse, Birmingham">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saracen%27s_Head" title="Saracen's Head">Saracen's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridges_Building,_Birmingham" title="Selfridges Building, Birmingham">Selfridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_House,_Birmingham" title="St James's House, Birmingham">St James's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Square_House" title="Victoria Square House">Victoria Square House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Law_Courts" title="Victoria Law Courts">Victoria Law Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Works,_Birmingham" title="Victoria Works, Birmingham">Victoria Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodcock_Street_Baths" title="Woodcock Street Baths">Woodcock Street Baths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demolished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Hippodrome" title="Aston Hippodrome">Aston Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Manor_House" title="Birmingham Manor House">Birmingham Manor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_House,_Birmingham" title="Bishop's House, Birmingham">Bishop's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Ryder_Church,_Birmingham" title="Bishop Ryder Church, Birmingham">Bishop Ryder Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordesley_Hall,_Birmingham" title="Bordesley Hall, Birmingham">Bordesley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Goods_railway_station" title="Central Goods railway station">Central Goods railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Central_Library" title="Birmingham Central Library">Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Birmingham" title="Christ Church, Birmingham">Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Messiah,_Birmingham" title="Church of the Messiah, Birmingham">Church of the Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crescent,_Birmingham" title="The Crescent, Birmingham">The Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exchange,_Birmingham" title="The Exchange, Birmingham">The Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_Tower" title="Five Ways Tower">Five Ways Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Hollies_Hall" title="Fox Hollies Hall">Fox Hollies Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathfield_Hall" title="Heathfield Hall">Heathfield Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highfield,_Birmingham" title="Highfield, Birmingham">Highfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_House,_Birmingham" title="Island House, Birmingham">Island House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James_the_Less%27_Church,_Ashted" title="St James the Less' Church, Ashted">St James the Less' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley_Hall,_West_Midlands" title="Langley Hall, West Midlands">Langley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Market_Hall" title="Birmingham Market Hall">Market Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Whittall_Street,_Birmingham" title="St Mary's Church, Whittall Street, Birmingham">St Mary's, Whittall St.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metchley_Fort" title="Metchley Fort">Metchley Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_and_Mail_building,_Birmingham" title="Post and Mail building, Birmingham">Post & Mail Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Office,_Birmingham" title="Public Office, Birmingham">Public Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Union_Workhouse" title="Birmingham Union Workhouse">Union Workhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Birmingham" title="Architecture of Birmingham">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Birmingham">Tallest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Birmingham_board_schools" title="List of Birmingham board schools">Board schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Birmingham" title="Listed buildings in Birmingham">Listed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Birmingham" title="Scheduled monuments in Birmingham">Scheduled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_West_Midlands" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Birmingham, West Midlands">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transatlantic_Policy_Consortium" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transatlantic_Policy_Consortium" title="Template:Transatlantic Policy Consortium"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transatlantic_Policy_Consortium" title="Template talk:Transatlantic Policy Consortium"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transatlantic_Policy_Consortium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transatlantic Policy Consortium"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transatlantic_Policy_Consortium" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_Policy_Consortium" title="Transatlantic Policy Consortium">Transatlantic Policy Consortium</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Institute_of_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey Institute of International Studies">Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USC_Price_School_of_Public_Policy" title="USC Price School of Public Policy">USC Price School of Public Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="University of Georgia School of Public and International Affairs">University of Georgia School of Public and International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University Bloomington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University%E2%80%93Purdue_University_Indianapolis" title="Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis">Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Maurer_School_of_Law" title="Indiana University Maurer School of Law">Indiana University Maurer School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_School_of_Public_and_Environmental_Affairs" title="O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs">O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland, College Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_School_of_Public_Policy" title="University of Maryland School of Public Policy">University of Maryland School of Public Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University" title="Suffolk University">Suffolk University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University_Law_School" title="Suffolk University Law School">Suffolk University Law School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> <ul><li>Rutgers School of Public Affairs and Administration</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Graduate_School_of_Public_Service" title="Wagner Graduate School of Public Service">Wagner Graduate School of Public Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_School_of_Citizenship_and_Public_Affairs" title="Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs">Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_at_Albany,_SUNY" title="University at Albany, SUNY">University at Albany, SUNY</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_College_of_Public_Affairs_%26_Policy" title="Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy">Rockefeller College of Public Affairs & Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Graduate_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs">University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs">Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schar_School_of_Policy_and_Government" title="Schar School of Policy and Government">Schar School of Policy and Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_University_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="American University School of Public Affairs">American University School of Public Affairs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KU_Leuven" title="KU Leuven">KU Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_School_of_Public_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish School of Public Administration (page does not exist)">Danish School of Public Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Sciences_et_Lettres_University" title="Paris Sciences et Lettres University">Paris Sciences et Lettres University (PSL University)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_du_service_public" title="Institut national du service public">Institut national du service public</a> (as successor to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Nationale_d%27Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="École Nationale d'Administration">École Nationale d'Administration</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne University</a> (as successor to <a href="/wiki/Paris-Sorbonne_University" title="Paris-Sorbonne University">Paris-Sorbonne University</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reims_Champagne-Ardenne" title="University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne">University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Academy_of_Public_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Academy of Public Administration (page does not exist)">Federal Academy of Public Administration</a> (Associate Member)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_University_of_Administrative_Sciences_Speyer" title="German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer">German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Research_Institute_for_Public_Administration_Speyer" class="mw-redirect" title="German Research Institute for Public Administration Speyer">German Research Institute for Public Administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertie_School_of_Governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hertie School of Governance">Hertie School of Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Geoanthropology" title="Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology">Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology</a> <ul><li>Max Planck Institute of Economics</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">University of Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bremen" title="University of Bremen">University of Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Erfurt" title="University of Erfurt">University of Erfurt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt_School_of_Public_Policy" title="Willy Brandt School of Public Policy">Willy Brandt School of Public Policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin_University" title="Zeppelin University">Zeppelin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology" title="Delft University of Technology">Delft University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus University Rotterdam">Erasmus University Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilburg_University" title="Tilburg University">Tilburg University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Polish_Institute_of_International_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Polish Institute of International Affairs (page does not exist)">The Polish Institute of International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">University of Lisbon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_T%C3%A9cnico" title="Instituto Superior Técnico">Instituto Superior Técnico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Juan_Carlos_University" title="King Juan Carlos University">King Juan Carlos University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeu_Fabra_University" title="Pompeu Fabra University">Pompeu Fabra University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping_University" title="Jönköping University">Jönköping University</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_the_West_Midlands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_the_West_Midlands" title="Template:Universities and colleges in the West Midlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_the_West_Midlands" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in the West Midlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_the_West_Midlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities and colleges in the West Midlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_the_West_Midlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Universities and colleges in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Adams_University" title="Harper Adams University">Harper Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_University,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Newman University, Birmingham">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">UCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further Education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Metropolitan_College" title="Birmingham Metropolitan College">Birmingham Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournville_College" title="Bournville College">Bournville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Burton College">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_%26_Leek_College" title="Buxton & Leek College">Buxton & Leek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_College_Coventry" class="mw-redirect" title="City College Coventry">City College, Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_College" title="Dudley College">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evesham_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Evesham College">Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fircroft_College" title="Fircroft College">Fircroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halesowen_College_of_Further_Education" title="Halesowen College of Further Education">Halesowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Worcestershire_College" title="Heart of Worcestershire College">Heart of Worcestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_College_Coventry" title="Henley College Coventry">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford_College_of_Arts" title="Hereford College of Arts">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_and_Ludlow_College" title="Herefordshire and Ludlow College">Herefordshire and Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereward_College" title="Hereward College">Hereward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidderminster_College" title="Kidderminster College">Kidderminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern_Hills_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvern Hills College">Malvern Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle-under-Lyme_College" title="Newcastle-under-Lyme College">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shropshire_College" title="North Shropshire College">North Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Warwickshire_and_Hinckley_College" title="North Warwickshire and Hinckley College">North Warwickshire and Hinckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra_College" title="Queen Alexandra College">Queen Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_College_for_the_Blind" title="Royal National College for the Blind">Royal National College for the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell_College" title="Sandwell College">Sandwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury_College" title="Shrewsbury College">Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_College" title="Solihull College">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_%26_City_College_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="South & City College Birmingham">South & City Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Staffordshire_College" title="South Staffordshire College">South Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_College" title="Stafford College">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_College" title="Stoke-on-Trent College">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon_College" title="Stratford-upon-Avon College">Stratford-upon-Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_College" title="Telford College">Telford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsall_College" title="Walsall College">Walsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwickshire College">Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wolverhampton_College" title="City of Wolverhampton College">Wolverhampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sixth form colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadbury_Sixth_Form_College" title="Cadbury Sixth Form College">Cadbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford_Sixth_Form_College" title="Hereford Sixth Form College">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain_Sixth_Form_College" title="Joseph Chamberlain Sixth Form College">Joseph Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VI_College,_Nuneaton" title="King Edward VI College, Nuneaton">King Edward VI College, Nuneaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VI_College,_Stourbridge" title="King Edward VI College, Stourbridge">King Edward VI College, Stourbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_College" title="Ludlow College">Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorlands_Sixth_Form_College" title="Moorlands Sixth Form College">Moorlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_College" title="Telford College">Telford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaks_Sixth_Form_College" title="Oaks Sixth Form College">Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury_Sixth_Form_College" title="Shrewsbury Sixth Form College">Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sixth_Form_College,_Solihull" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sixth Form College, Solihull">Solihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Stoke-on-Trent_Sixth_Form_College" title="City of Stoke-on-Trent Sixth Form College">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Sixth_Form_College" title="Worcester Sixth Form College">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_England" title="List of universities in England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East of England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranfield_University" title="Cranfield University">Cranfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Norwich University of the Arts">Norwich University of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Suffolk" title="University of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_of_London" title="Brunel University of London">Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="City St George's, University of London">City St George's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_of_Art" title="Courtauld Institute of Art">Courtauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cancer_Research" title="Institute of Cancer Research">Institute of Cancer Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">LSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">LSHTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study" title="School of Advanced Study">School of Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenwich" title="University of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern University – London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne_University_London" title="Ravensbourne University London">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond, The American International University in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">St Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">University of the Arts London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">West London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby" title="University of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Adams_University" title="Harper Adams University">Harper Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_University,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Newman University, Birmingham">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton" title="University of Northampton">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University" title="Nottingham Trent University">Nottingham Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bolton" title="University of Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Lancashire" title="University of Central Lancashire">Central Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chester" title="University of Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cumbria" title="University of Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill_University" title="Edge Hill University">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Huddersfield" title="University of Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Arts_University" title="Leeds Arts University">Leeds Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Trinity_University" title="Leeds Trinity University">Leeds Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Hope_University" title="Liverpool Hope University">Liverpool Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine">LSTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">Manchester Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria_University" title="Northumbria University">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_University" title="Sheffield Hallam University">Sheffield Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sunderland" title="University of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesside_University" title="Teesside University">Teesside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_St_John_University" title="York St John University">York St. John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Bournemouth" title="Arts University Bournemouth">Arts University Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Spa_University" title="Bath Spa University">Bath Spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_New_University" title="Buckinghamshire New University">Buckinghamshire New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_the_Creative_Arts" title="University for the Creative Arts">Creative Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmouth_University" title="Falmouth University">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartpury_College" title="Hartpury College">Hartpury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gloucestershire" title="University of Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Brookes_University" title="Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Marjon_University" title="Plymouth Marjon University">Plymouth Marjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Plymouth" title="Arts University Plymouth">Arts University Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solent_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Solent University">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">UWE Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Scotland" title="List of universities in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abertay_University" title="Abertay University">Abertay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dundee" title="University of Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Caledonian_University" title="Glasgow Caledonian University">Glasgow Caledonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">Highlands and Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatoire_of_Scotland" title="Royal Conservatoire of Scotland">Royal Conservatoire of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_Scotland" title="University of the West of Scotland">West of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Wales" title="List of universities in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_University" title="Aberystwyth University">Aberystwyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_University" title="Swansea University">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">Wales Trinity Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_University" title="Wrexham University">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_British_overseas_territories" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_College" title="Bermuda College">Bermuda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Islands Law School">Cayman Islands Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="International College of the Cayman Islands">International College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_School_of_Medicine" title="Saint James School of Medicine">Saint James School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_University" title="St. Matthew's University">St. Matthew's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="University College of the Cayman Islands">University College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science,_Arts_and_Technology" title="University of Science, Arts and Technology">University of Science, Arts and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies_Open_Campus" title="University of the West Indies Open Campus">University of the West Indies Open Campus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_Crown_Dependencies" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Crown dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Channel_Islands_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey">University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arden_University" title="Arden University">Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_London_International_Programmes" class="mw-redirect" title="University of London International Programmes">London International Programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_student_protests" title="2010 United Kingdom student protests">2010 United Kingdom student protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_date_of_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by date of foundation">List by date of foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">Ancient</a>; <a href="/wiki/Third-oldest_university_in_England_debate" title="Third-oldest university in England debate">Third-oldest in England</a>; <a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">Redbrick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plate_glass_university" title="Plate glass university">Plate glass</a>; <a href="/wiki/Post-1992_university" title="Post-1992 university">Post-1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by endowment">List by endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrolment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment">List by enrolment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleges_within_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom">Colleges within universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_degree_abbreviations" title="British degree abbreviations">Degree abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_Wales" title="Higher Education Funding Council for Wales">HEFCW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Students" title="Office for Students">Office for Students</a> (<a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">HEFCE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Funding_Council" title="Scottish Funding Council">Scottish Funding Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_and_grants_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom">Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Radio_Association" title="Student Radio Association">Student Radio Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student unionism in the United Kingdom">Student unionism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">Undergraduate degree classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCAS" title="UCAS">UCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(United_Kingdom)" title="Polytechnic (United Kingdom)">Polytechnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Universities in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Venues_of_the_2022_Commonwealth_Games_(Birmingham)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2022_Commonwealth_Games_venues" title="Template:2022 Commonwealth Games venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2022_Commonwealth_Games_venues" title="Template talk:2022 Commonwealth Games venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2022_Commonwealth_Games_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2022 Commonwealth Games venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Venues_of_the_2022_Commonwealth_Games_(Birmingham)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_2022_Commonwealth_Games" title="Venues of the 2022 Commonwealth Games">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Commonwealth_Games" title="2022 Commonwealth Games">2022 Commonwealth Games</a> (<a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birmingham and the West Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stadium" title="Alexander Stadium">Alexander Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilita_Arena_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilita Arena Birmingham">Utilita Arena Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_city_centre" title="Birmingham city centre">Birmingham City Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannock_Chase" title="Cannock Chase">Cannock Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Arena">Coventry Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground" title="Edgbaston Cricket Ground">Edgbaston Cricket Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nicholas%27_Park,_Warwick" title="St Nicholas' Park, Warwick">Myton Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Exhibition_Centre" title="National Exhibition Centre">National Exhibition Centre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bp_pulse_LIVE" title="Bp pulse LIVE">Arena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwell_Aquatics_Centre" title="Sandwell Aquatics Centre">Sandwell Aquatics Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Park,_West_Midlands" title="Sutton Park, West Midlands">Sutton Park</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Leamington_Spa" title="Victoria Park, Leamington Spa">Victoria Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside West Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Valley_VeloPark" title="Lee Valley VeloPark">Lee Valley VeloPark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223429#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223429#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223429#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000419367486">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126086580">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/545186/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/40138-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80069075">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868041f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868041f">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00743404">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35018843">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003183568&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/85966">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90157153">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812391709305606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/50436">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269219305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/97f89bbd-d3e6-4686-8009-66ffaa7ef3d9">MusicBrainz place</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03757083?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">ISIL</a>: GB-24</li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/793218">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026431726">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/institutions/51005295">RISM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&oldid=1260429773">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Birmingham&oldid=1260429773</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Birmingham" title="Category:University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Birmingham,_West_Midlands" title="Category:Buildings and 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