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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="machine readable format"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3328</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: machine readable format</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3328</span> Machine Learning Strategies for Data Extraction from Unstructured Documents in Financial Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delphine%20Vendryes">Delphine Vendryes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dushyanth%20Sekhar"> Dushyanth Sekhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baojia%20Tong"> Baojia Tong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Theisen"> Matthew Theisen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chester%20Curme"> Chester Curme</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Much of the data that inform the decisions of governments, corporations and individuals are harvested from unstructured documents. Data extraction is defined here as a process that turns non-machine-readable information into a machine-readable format that can be stored, for instance, in a database. In financial services, introducing more automation in data extraction pipelines is a major challenge. Information sought by financial data consumers is often buried within vast bodies of unstructured documents, which have historically required thorough manual extraction. Automated solutions provide faster access to non-machine-readable datasets, in a context where untimely information quickly becomes irrelevant. Data quality standards cannot be compromised, so automation requires high data integrity. This multifaceted task is broken down into smaller steps: ingestion, table parsing (detection and structure recognition), text analysis (entity detection and disambiguation), schema-based record extraction, user feedback incorporation. Selected intermediary steps are phrased as machine learning problems. Solutions leveraging cutting-edge approaches from the fields of computer vision (e.g. table detection) and natural language processing (e.g. entity detection and disambiguation) are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entity%20recognition" title=" entity recognition"> entity recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20retrieval" title=" information retrieval"> information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title=" natural language processing"> natural language processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126688/machine-learning-strategies-for-data-extraction-from-unstructured-documents-in-financial-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3327</span> Design Approach for the Development of Format-Flexible Packaging Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20G%C3%B6tz">G. Götz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Stich"> P. Stich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Backhaus"> J. Backhaus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Reinhart"> G. Reinhart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rising demand for format-flexible packaging machines is caused by current market changes. Increasing the formatflexibility is a new goal for the packaging machine manufacturers’ product development process. There are no methodical or designorientated tools for a comprehensive consideration of this target. This paper defines the term format-flexibility in the context of packaging machines and shows the state-of-the-art for improving the changeover of production machines. The requirements for a new approach and the concept itself will be introduced, and the method elements will be explained. Finally, the use of the concept and the result of the development of a format-flexible packaging machine will be shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packaging%20machine" title="packaging machine">packaging machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=format-flexibility" title=" format-flexibility"> format-flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=changeover" title=" changeover"> changeover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20method" title=" design method"> design method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35066/design-approach-for-the-development-of-format-flexible-packaging-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3326</span> Technique and Use of Machine Readable Dictionary: In Special Reference to Hindi-Marathi Machine Translation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milind%20Patil">Milind Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present paper is a discussion on Hindi-Marathi Morphological Analysis and generating rules for Machine Translation on the basis of Machine Readable Dictionary (MRD). This used Transformative Generative Grammar (TGG) rules to design the MRD. As per TGG rules, the suffix of a particular root word is based on its Tense, Aspect, Modality and Voice. That's why the suffix is very important for the word meanings (or root meanings). The Hindi and Marathi Language both have relation with Indo-Aryan language family. Both have been derived from Sanskrit language and their script is 'Devnagari'. But there are lots of differences in terms of semantics and grammatical level too. In Marathi, there are three genders, but in Hindi only two (Masculine and Feminine), the Natural gender is absent in Hindi. Likewise other grammatical categories also differ in their level of use. For MRD the suffixes (or Morpheme) are of particular root word for GNP (Gender, Number and Person) are based on its natural phenomena. A particular Suffix and Morphine change as per the need of person, number and gender. The design of MRD also based on this format. In first, Person, Number, Gender and Tense are key points than root words and suffix of particular Person, Number Gender (PNG). After that the inferences are drawn on the basis of rules that is (V.stem) (Pre.T/Past.T) (x) + (Aux-Pre.T) (x) → (V.Stem.) + (SP.TM) (X). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRD" title="MRD">MRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGG" title=" TGG"> TGG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem" title=" stem"> stem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morph" title=" morph"> morph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morpheme" title=" morpheme"> morpheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suffix" title=" suffix"> suffix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PNG" title=" PNG"> PNG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TAM%26V" title=" TAM&V"> TAM&V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root" title=" root"> root</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69852/technique-and-use-of-machine-readable-dictionary-in-special-reference-to-hindi-marathi-machine-translation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3325</span> Digital Preservation: A Need of Tomorrow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Kumar">Gaurav Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital libraries have been established all over the world to create, maintain and to preserve the digital materials. This paper exhibits the importance and objectives of digital preservation. The necessities of preservation are hardware and software technology to interpret the digital documents and discuss various aspects of digital preservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservation" title="preservation">preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20preservation" title=" digital preservation"> digital preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archive" title=" archive"> archive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repository" title=" repository"> repository</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=document" title=" document"> document</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware" title=" hardware"> hardware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title=" software"> software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization" title=" organization"> organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20readable%20format" title=" machine readable format"> machine readable format</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23433/digital-preservation-a-need-of-tomorrow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">588</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3324</span> Digital Preservation: Requirement of 21st Century</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Kumar">Gaurav Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpa"> Shilpa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital libraries have been established all over the world to create, maintain and to preserve the digital materials. This paper focuses on operational digital preservation systems specifically in educational organizations in India. It considers the broad range of digital objects including e-journals, technical reports, e-records, project documents, scientific data, etc. This paper describes the main objectives, process and technological issues involved in preservation of digital materials. Digital preservation refers to the various methods of keeping digital materials alive for the future. It includes everything from electronic publications on CD-ROM to Online database and collections of experimental data in digital format maintains the ability to display, retrieve and use digital collections in the face of rapidly changing technological and organizational infrastructures elements. This paper exhibits the importance and objectives of digital preservation. The necessities of preservation are hardware and software technology to interpret the digital documents and discuss various aspects of digital preservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preservation" title="preservation">preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20preservation" title=" digital preservation"> digital preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20dark%20age" title=" digital dark age"> digital dark age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archive" title=" archive"> archive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repository" title=" repository"> repository</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=document" title=" document"> document</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware" title=" hardware"> hardware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title=" software"> software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization" title=" organization"> organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20readable%20format" title=" machine readable format"> machine readable format</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31308/digital-preservation-requirement-of-21st-century" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3323</span> The Right to Data Portability and Its Influence on the Development of Digital Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Bieda">Roman Bieda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will come into force on 25 May 2018 which will create a new legal framework for the protection of personal data in the European Union. Article 20 of GDPR introduces a right to data portability. This right allows for data subjects to receive the personal data which they have provided to a data controller, in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format, and to transmit this data to another data controller. The right to data portability, by facilitating transferring personal data between IT environments (e.g.: applications), will also facilitate changing the provider of services (e.g. changing a bank or a cloud computing service provider). Therefore, it will contribute to the development of competition and the digital market. The aim of this paper is to discuss the right to data portability and its influence on the development of new digital services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20portability" title="data portability">data portability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20market" title=" digital market"> digital market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDPR" title=" GDPR"> GDPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20data" title=" personal data"> personal data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77312/the-right-to-data-portability-and-its-influence-on-the-development-of-digital-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3322</span> On Exploring Search Heuristics for improving the efficiency in Web Information Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Jim%C3%A9nez">Patricia Jiménez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Corchuelo"> Rafael Corchuelo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays the World Wide Web is the most popular source of information that relies on billions of on-line documents. Web mining is used to crawl through these documents, collect the information of interest and process it by applying data mining tools in order to use the gathered information in the best interest of a business, what enables companies to promote theirs. Unfortunately, it is not easy to extract the information a web site provides automatically when it lacks an API that allows to transform the user-friendly data provided in web documents into a structured format that is machine-readable. Rule-based information extractors are the tools intended to extract the information of interest automatically and offer it in a structured format that allow mining tools to process it. However, the performance of an information extractor strongly depends on the search heuristic employed since bad choices regarding how to learn a rule may easily result in loss of effectiveness and/or efficiency. Improving search heuristics regarding efficiency is of uttermost importance in the field of Web Information Extraction since typical datasets are very large. In this paper, we employ an information extractor based on a classical top-down algorithm that uses the so-called Information Gain heuristic introduced by Quinlan and Cameron-Jones. Unfortunately, the Information Gain relies on some well-known problems so we analyse an intuitive alternative, Termini, that is clearly more efficient; we also analyse other proposals in the literature and conclude that none of them outperforms the previous alternative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20extraction" title="information extraction">information extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search%20heuristics" title=" search heuristics"> search heuristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-structured%20documents" title=" semi-structured documents"> semi-structured documents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20mining." title=" web mining. "> web mining. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25697/on-exploring-search-heuristics-for-improving-the-efficiency-in-web-information-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3321</span> An Automatic Bayesian Classification System for File Format Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Graf">Roman Graf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergiu%20Gordea"> Sergiu Gordea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heather%20M.%20Ryan"> Heather M. Ryan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an approach for the classification of an unstructured format description for identification of file formats. The main contribution of this work is the employment of data mining techniques to support file format selection with just the unstructured text description that comprises the most important format features for a particular organisation. Subsequently, the file format indentification method employs file format classifier and associated configurations to support digital preservation experts with an estimation of required file format. Our goal is to make use of a format specification knowledge base aggregated from a different Web sources in order to select file format for a particular institution. Using the naive Bayes method, the decision support system recommends to an expert, the file format for his institution. The proposed methods facilitate the selection of file format and the quality of a digital preservation process. The presented approach is meant to facilitate decision making for the preservation of digital content in libraries and archives using domain expert knowledge and specifications of file formats. To facilitate decision-making, the aggregated information about the file formats is presented as a file format vocabulary that comprises most common terms that are characteristic for all researched formats. The goal is to suggest a particular file format based on this vocabulary for analysis by an expert. The sample file format calculation and the calculation results including probabilities are presented in the evaluation section. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title="data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20libraries" title=" digital libraries"> digital libraries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20preservation" title=" digital preservation"> digital preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=file%20format" title=" file format"> file format</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26946/an-automatic-bayesian-classification-system-for-file-format-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3320</span> A Study of Various Ontology Learning Systems from Text and a Look into Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Al-Aswadi">Fatima Al-Aswadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Yong"> Chan Yong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the large volume of unstructured data that increases day by day on the web, the motivation of representing the knowledge in this data in the machine processable form is increased. Ontology is one of the major cornerstones of representing the information in a more meaningful way on the semantic Web. The goal of Ontology learning from text is to elicit and represent domain knowledge in the machine readable form. This paper aims to give a follow-up review on the ontology learning systems from text and some of their defects. Furthermore, it discusses how far the ontology learning process will enhance in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20discovery" title="concept discovery">concept discovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology%20learning" title=" ontology learning"> ontology learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20relation" title=" semantic relation"> semantic relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20web" title=" semantic web"> semantic web</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63156/a-study-of-various-ontology-learning-systems-from-text-and-a-look-into-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3319</span> Towards an Intelligent Ontology Construction Cost Estimation System: Using BIM and New Rules of Measurement Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20H.%20Abanda">F. H. Abanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kamsu-Foguem"> B. Kamsu-Foguem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20M.%20Tah"> J. H. M. Tah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction cost estimation is one of the most important aspects of construction project design. For generations, the process of cost estimating has been manual, time-consuming and error-prone. This has partly led to most cost estimates to be unclear and riddled with inaccuracies that at times lead to over- or under-estimation of construction cost. The development of standard set of measurement rules that are understandable by all those involved in a construction project, have not totally solved the challenges. Emerging Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies can exploit standard measurement methods to automate cost estimation process and improves accuracies. This requires standard measurement methods to be structured in ontologically and machine readable format; so that BIM software packages can easily read them. Most standard measurement methods are still text-based in textbooks and require manual editing into tables or Spreadsheet during cost estimation. The aim of this study is to explore the development of an ontology based on New Rules of Measurement (NRM) commonly used in the UK for cost estimation. The methodology adopted is Methontology, one of the most widely used ontology engineering methodologies. The challenges in this exploratory study are also reported and recommendations for future studies proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title="BIM">BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20projects" title=" construction projects"> construction projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20estimation" title=" cost estimation"> cost estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NRM" title=" NRM"> NRM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16960/towards-an-intelligent-ontology-construction-cost-estimation-system-using-bim-and-new-rules-of-measurement-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3318</span> When Messages Cause Distraction from Advertising: An Eye-Tracking Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilamadhab%20Mohanty">Nilamadhab Mohanty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is essential to use message formats that make communication understandable and correct. It is because; the information format can influence consumer decision on the purchase of a product. This study combines information from qualitative inquiry, media trend analysis, eye tracking experiment, and questionnaire data to examine the impact of specific message format and consumer perceived risk on attention to the information and risk retention. We investigated the influence of message framing (goal framing, attribute framing, and mix framing) on consumer memory, study time, and decisional uncertainty while deciding on the purchase of drugs. Furthermore, we explored the impact of consumer perceived risk (associated with the use of the drug, i.e., RISK-AB and perceived risk associated with the non-use of the drug, i.e., RISK-EB) on message format preference. The study used eye-tracking methods to understand the differences in message processing. Findings of the study suggest that the message format influences information processing, and participants' risk perception impacts message format preference. Eye tracking can be used to understand the format differences and design effective advertisements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20framing" title="message framing">message framing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20perceived%20risk" title=" consumer perceived risk"> consumer perceived risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title=" advertising"> advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20tracking" title=" eye tracking"> eye tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109706/when-messages-cause-distraction-from-advertising-an-eye-tracking-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3317</span> The Development of Encrypted Near Field Communication Data Exchange Format Transmission in an NFC Passive Tag for Checking the Genuine Product</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanawat%20Hongthai">Tanawat Hongthai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dusit%20Thanapatay"> Dusit Thanapatay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of encrypted near field communication (NFC) data exchange format transmission in an NFC passive tag for the feasibility of implementing a genuine product authentication. We propose a research encryption and checking the genuine product into four major categories; concept, infrastructure, development and applications. This result shows the passive NFC-forum Type 2 tag can be configured to be compatible with the NFC data exchange format (NDEF), which can be automatically partially data updated when there is NFC field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near%20field%20communication" title="near field communication">near field communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFC%20data%20exchange%20format" title=" NFC data exchange format"> NFC data exchange format</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=checking%20the%20genuine%20product" title=" checking the genuine product"> checking the genuine product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encrypted%20NFC" title=" encrypted NFC"> encrypted NFC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67138/the-development-of-encrypted-near-field-communication-data-exchange-format-transmission-in-an-nfc-passive-tag-for-checking-the-genuine-product" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3316</span> A Guide to the Implementation of Ambisonics Super Stereo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessio%20Mastrorillo">Alessio Mastrorillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giuseppe%20Silvi"> Giuseppe Silvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Scagliola"> Francesco Scagliola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we introduce an Ambisonics decoder with an implementation of the C-format, also called Super Stereo. This format is an alternative to conventional stereo and binaural decoding. Unlike those, this format conveys audio information from the horizontal plane and works with stereo speakers and headphones. The two C-format channels can also return a reconstructed planar B-format. This work provides an open-source implementation for this format. We implement an all-pass filter for signal quadrature, as required by the decoding equations. This filter works with six Biquads in a cascade configuration, with values for control frequency and quality factor discovered experimentally. The phase response of the filter delivers a small error in the 20-14.000Hz range. The decoder has been tested with audio sources up to 192kHz sample rate, returning pristine sound quality and detailed stereo image. It has been included in the Envelop for Live suite and is available as an open-source repository. This decoder has applications in Virtual Reality and 360° audio productions, music composition, and online streaming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambisonics" title="ambisonics">ambisonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHJ" title=" UHJ"> UHJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrature%20filter" title=" quadrature filter"> quadrature filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerzon" title=" Gerzon"> Gerzon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decoder" title=" decoder"> decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereo" title=" stereo"> stereo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binaural" title=" binaural"> binaural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biquad" title=" biquad"> biquad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158051/a-guide-to-the-implementation-of-ambisonics-super-stereo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3315</span> How Accountants Can Save the World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todd%20Sayre">Todd Sayre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proprietary balance sheet represents equity as the shareholders’ net worth. FASB (1985) codified the proprietary format with the justification that shareholders, like partners and proprietors, owned and had “ownership interests” in the net assets. The results of the hypotheses tests imply that shareholders do not resemble owners nor do they have ownership interests in the net assets. Accordingly, the paper argues that replacing the proprietary format with an entity format in corporate reporting would not only help corporate reports to be more representationally faithful, but would also help people to recognize that are entities onto themselves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proprietary%20theory" title="proprietary theory">proprietary theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entity%20theory" title=" entity theory"> entity theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earned%20capital%20approach" title=" earned capital approach"> earned capital approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190185/how-accountants-can-save-the-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3314</span> Lexical Semantic Analysis to Support Ontology Modeling of Maintenance Activities– Case Study of Offshore Riser Integrity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Ebrahimipour">Vahid Ebrahimipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Word representation and context meaning of text-based documents play an essential role in knowledge modeling. Business procedures written in natural language are meant to store technical and engineering information, management decision and operation experience during the production system life cycle. Context meaning representation is highly dependent upon word sense, lexical relativity, and sematic features of the argument. This paper proposes a method for lexical semantic analysis and context meaning representation of maintenance activity in a mass production system. Our approach constructs a straightforward lexical semantic approach to analyze facilitates semantic and syntactic features of context structure of maintenance report to facilitate translation, interpretation, and conversion of human-readable interpretation into computer-readable representation and understandable with less heterogeneity and ambiguity. The methodology will enable users to obtain a representation format that maximizes shareability and accessibility for multi-purpose usage. It provides a contextualized structure to obtain a generic context model that can be utilized during the system life cycle. At first, it employs a co-occurrence-based clustering framework to recognize a group of highly frequent contextual features that correspond to a maintenance report text. Then the keywords are identified for syntactic and semantic extraction analysis. The analysis exercises causality-driven logic of keywords’ senses to divulge the structural and meaning dependency relationships between the words in a context. The output is a word contextualized representation of maintenance activity accommodating computer-based representation and inference using OWL/RDF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexical%20semantic%20analysis" title="lexical semantic analysis">lexical semantic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metadata%20modeling" title=" metadata modeling"> metadata modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contextual%20meaning%20extraction" title=" contextual meaning extraction"> contextual meaning extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology%20modeling" title=" ontology modeling"> ontology modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20representation" title=" knowledge representation"> knowledge representation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133830/lexical-semantic-analysis-to-support-ontology-modeling-of-maintenance-activities-case-study-of-offshore-riser-integrity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3313</span> Dynamics of Chirped RZ Modulation Format in GEPON Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Network </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Sharma">Anurag Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Kumar"> Manoj Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashima"> Ashima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sooraj%20Parkash"> Sooraj Parkash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work in this paper presents simulative comparison for different modulation formats such as NRZ, Manchester and CRZ in a 100 subscribers at 5 Gbps bit rate Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON) FTTH network. It is observed from the simulation results that the CRZ modulation format is best suited for the designed system. A link design for 1:100 splitter is used as Passive Optical Network (PON) element which creates communication between central offices to different users. The Bit Error Rate (BER) is found to be 2.8535e-10 at 5 Gbit/s systems for CRZ modulation format. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PON" title="PON ">PON </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTTH" title=" FTTH"> FTTH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLT" title=" OLT"> OLT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ONU" title=" ONU"> ONU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO" title=" CO"> CO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEPON" title=" GEPON"> GEPON</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28883/dynamics-of-chirped-rz-modulation-format-in-gepon-fiber-to-the-home-ftth-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">704</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3312</span> Degraded Document Analysis and Extraction of Original Text Document: An Approach without Optical Character Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Hamsaveni"> L. Hamsaveni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navya%20Prakash"> Navya Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresha"> Suresha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Document Image Analysis recognizes text and graphics in documents acquired as images. An approach without Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for degraded document image analysis has been adopted in this paper. The technique involves document imaging methods such as Image Fusing and Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) Detection to identify and extract the degraded regions from a set of document images to obtain an original document with complete information. In case, degraded document image captured is skewed, it has to be straightened (deskew) to perform further process. A special format of image storing known as YCbCr is used as a tool to convert the Grayscale image to RGB image format. The presented algorithm is tested on various types of degraded documents such as printed documents, handwritten documents, old script documents and handwritten image sketches in documents. The purpose of this research is to obtain an original document for a given set of degraded documents of the same source. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grayscale%20image%20format" title="grayscale image format">grayscale image format</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20fusing" title=" image fusing"> image fusing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGB%20image%20format" title=" RGB image format"> RGB image format</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SURF%20detection" title=" SURF detection"> SURF detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YCbCr%20image%20format" title=" YCbCr image format"> YCbCr image format</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64187/degraded-document-analysis-and-extraction-of-original-text-document-an-approach-without-optical-character-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3311</span> One Step Further: Pull-Process-Push Data Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romeo%20Botes">Romeo Botes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imelda%20Smit"> Imelda Smit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s modern age of technology vast amounts of data needs to be processed in real-time to keep users satisfied. This data comes from various sources and in many formats, including electronic and mobile devices such as GPRS modems and GPS devices. They make use of different protocols including TCP, UDP, and HTTP/s for data communication to web servers and eventually to users. The data obtained from these devices may provide valuable information to users, but are mostly in an unreadable format which needs to be processed to provide information and business intelligence. This data is not always current, it is mostly historical data. The data is not subject to implementation of consistency and redundancy measures as most other data usually is. Most important to the users is that the data are to be pre-processed in a readable format when it is entered into the database. To accomplish this, programmers build processing programs and scripts to decode and process the information stored in databases. Programmers make use of various techniques in such programs to accomplish this, but sometimes neglect the effect some of these techniques may have on database performance. One of the techniques generally used,is to pull data from the database server, process it and push it back to the database server in one single step. Since the processing of the data usually takes some time, it keeps the database busy and locked for the period of time that the processing takes place. Because of this, it decreases the overall performance of the database server and therefore the system’s performance. This paper follows on a paper discussing the performance increase that may be achieved by utilizing array lists along with a pull-process-push data processing technique split in three steps. The purpose of this paper is to expand the number of clients when comparing the two techniques to establish the impact it may have on performance of the CPU storage and processing time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20measures" title="performance measures">performance measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm%20techniques" title=" algorithm techniques"> algorithm techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20processing" title=" data processing"> data processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=push%20data" title=" push data"> push data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20data" title=" process data"> process data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=array%20list" title=" array list"> array list</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27763/one-step-further-pull-process-push-data-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3310</span> Signs-Only Compressed Row Storage Format for Exact Diagonalization Study of Quantum Fermionic Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Danilov">Michael Danilov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20Iskakov"> Sergei Iskakov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Mazurenko"> Vladimir Mazurenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper describes a high-performance parallel realization of an exact diagonalization solver for quantum-electron models in a shared memory computing system. The proposed algorithm contains a storage format for efficient computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a quantum electron Hamiltonian matrix. The results of the test calculations carried out for 15 sites Hubbard model demonstrate reduction in the required memory and good multiprocessor scalability, while maintaining performance of the same order as compressed row storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sparse%20matrix" title="sparse matrix">sparse matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressed%20format" title=" compressed format"> compressed format</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hubbard%20model" title=" Hubbard model"> Hubbard model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20model" title=" Anderson model"> Anderson model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48308/signs-only-compressed-row-storage-format-for-exact-diagonalization-study-of-quantum-fermionic-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3309</span> The Effect of Penalizing Wrong Answers in the Computerized Modified Multiple Choice Testing System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Hae%20Song">Min Hae Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jooyong%20Park"> Jooyong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even though assessment using information and communication technology will most likely lead the future of educational assessment, there is little research on this topic. Computerized assessment will not only cut costs but also measure students' performance in ways not possible before. In this context, this study introduces a tool which can overcome the problems of multiple choice tests. Multiple-choice tests (MC) are efficient in automatic grading, however structural problems of multiple-choice tests allow students to find the correct answer from options even though they do not know the answer. A computerized modified multiple-choice testing system (CMMT) was developed using the interactivity of computers, that presents questions first, and options later for a short time when the student requests for them. This study was conducted to find out whether penalizing for wrong answers in CMMT could lower random guessing. In this study, we checked whether students knew the answers by having them respond to the short-answer tests before choosing the given options in CMMT or MC format. Ninety-four students were tested with the directions that they will be penalized for wrong answers, but not for no response. There were 4 experimental conditions: two conditions of high or low percentage of penalizing, each in traditional multiple-choice or CMMT format. In the low penalty condition, the penalty rate was the probability of getting the correct answer by random guessing. In the high penalty condition, students were penalized at twice the percentage of the low penalty condition. The results showed that the number of no response was significantly higher for the CMMT format and the number of random guesses was significantly lower for the CMMT format. There were no significant between the two penalty conditions. This result may be due to the fact that the actual score difference between the two conditions was too small. In the discussion, the possibility of applying CMMT format tests while penalizing wrong answers in actual testing settings was addressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computerized%20modified%20multiple%20choice%20test%20format" title="computerized modified multiple choice test format">computerized modified multiple choice test format</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-choice%20test%20format" title=" multiple-choice test format"> multiple-choice test format</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penalizing" title=" penalizing"> penalizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20format" title=" test format"> test format</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92283/the-effect-of-penalizing-wrong-answers-in-the-computerized-modified-multiple-choice-testing-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3308</span> Arabic Text Classification: Review Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hijazi">M. Hijazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zeki"> A. Zeki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ismail"> A. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An enormous amount of valuable human knowledge is preserved in documents. The rapid growth in the number of machine-readable documents for public or private access requires the use of automatic text classification. Text classification can be defined as assigning or structuring documents into a defined set of classes known in advance. Arabic text classification methods have emerged as a natural result of the existence of a massive amount of varied textual information written in the Arabic language on the web. This paper presents a review on the published researches of Arabic Text Classification using classical data representation, Bag of words (BoW), and using conceptual data representation based on semantic resources such as Arabic WordNet and Wikipedia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20text%20classification" title="Arabic text classification">Arabic text classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20WordNet" title=" Arabic WordNet"> Arabic WordNet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bag%20of%20words" title=" bag of words"> bag of words</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20representation" title=" conceptual representation"> conceptual representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20relations" title=" semantic relations"> semantic relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42905/arabic-text-classification-review-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3307</span> Perception and Implementation of Machine Translation Applications by the Iranian English Translators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Amir%20Hazbavi">Abdul Amir Hazbavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is an attempt to provide a relatively comprehensive preview of the Iranian English translators’ perception on Machine Translation. Furthermore, the study tries to shed light on the status of implementation of Machine Translation among the Iranian English Translators. To reach the aforementioned objectives, the Localization Industry Standards Association’s questioner for measuring perceptions with regard to the adoption of a technology innovation was adapted and used to investigate three parameter among the participants of the study, namely familiarity with Machine Translation, general perception on Machine Translation and implementation of Machine Translation systems in translation tasks. The participants of the study were 224 last-year undergraduate Iranian students of English translation at 10 universities across the country. The study revealed a very low level of adoption and a very high level of willingness to get familiar with and learn about Machine Translation, as well as a positive perception of and attitude toward Machine Translation by the Iranian English translators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20technology" title="translation technology">translation technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20translation" title=" machine translation"> machine translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25445/perception-and-implementation-of-machine-translation-applications-by-the-iranian-english-translators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3306</span> MSIpred: A Python 2 Package for the Classification of Tumor Microsatellite Instability from Tumor Mutation Annotation Data Using a Support Vector Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Wang">Chen Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Liang"> Chun Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microsatellite instability (MSI) is characterized by high degree of polymorphism in microsatellite (MS) length due to a deficiency in mismatch repair (MMR) system. MSI is associated with several tumor types and its status can be considered as an important indicator for tumor prognostic. Conventional clinical diagnosis of MSI examines PCR products of a panel of MS markers using electrophoresis (MSI-PCR) which is laborious, time consuming, and less reliable. MSIpred, a python 2 package for automatic classification of MSI was released by this study. It computes important somatic mutation features from files in mutation annotation format (MAF) generated from paired tumor-normal exome sequencing data, subsequently using these to predict tumor MSI status with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier trained by MAF files of 1074 tumors belonging to four types. Evaluation of MSIpred on an independent 358-tumor test set achieved overall accuracy of over 98% and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.967. These results indicated that MSIpred is a robust pan-cancer MSI classification tool and can serve as a complementary diagnostic to MSI-PCR in MSI diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsatellite%20instability" title="microsatellite instability">microsatellite instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pan-cancer%20classification" title=" pan-cancer classification"> pan-cancer classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20mutation" title=" somatic mutation"> somatic mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93236/msipred-a-python-2-package-for-the-classification-of-tumor-microsatellite-instability-from-tumor-mutation-annotation-data-using-a-support-vector-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3305</span> A Review of Machine Learning for Big Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devatha%20Kalyan%20Kumar">Devatha Kalyan Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravindraj%20D."> Aravindraj D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadathulla%20A."> Sadathulla A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Big data are now rapidly expanding in all engineering and science and many other domains. The potential of large or massive data is undoubtedly significant, make sense to require new ways of thinking and learning techniques to address the various big data challenges. Machine learning is continuously unleashing its power in a wide range of applications. In this paper, the latest advances and advancements in the researches on machine learning for big data processing. First, the machine learning techniques methods in recent studies, such as deep learning, representation learning, transfer learning, active learning and distributed and parallel learning. Then focus on the challenges and possible solutions of machine learning for big data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20learning" title="active learning">active learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72161/a-review-of-machine-learning-for-big-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3304</span> OILU Tag: A Projective Invariant Fiducial System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssef%20Chahir">Youssef Chahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Messaoud%20Mostefai"> Messaoud Mostefai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Khodja"> Salah Khodja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of a 2D visual marker, derived from a recent patented work in the field of numbering systems. The proposed fiducial uses a group of projective invariant straight-line patterns, easily detectable and remotely recognizable. Based on an efficient data coding scheme, the developed marker enables producing a large panel of unique real time identifiers with highly distinguishable patterns. The proposed marker Incorporates simultaneously decimal and binary information, making it readable by both humans and machines. This important feature opens up new opportunities for the development of efficient visual human-machine communication and monitoring protocols. Extensive experiment tests validate the robustness of the marker against acquisition and geometric distortions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20markers" title="visual markers">visual markers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=projective%20invariants" title=" projective invariants"> projective invariants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20map" title=" distance map"> distance map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20sets" title=" level sets"> level sets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137830/oilu-tag-a-projective-invariant-fiducial-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3303</span> Precise CNC Machine for Multi-Tasking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Jan%20Khan">Haroon Jan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xian-Feng%20Xu"> Xian-Feng Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Nasir%20Shah"> Syed Nasir Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anooshay%20Niazi"> Anooshay Niazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CNC machines are not only used on a large scale but also now become a prominent necessity among households and smaller businesses. Printed Circuit Boards manufactured by the chemical process are not only risky and unsafe but also expensive and time-consuming. A 3-axis precise CNC machine has been developed, which not only fabricates PCB but has also been used for multi-tasks just by changing the materials used and tools, making it versatile. The advanced CNC machine takes data from CAM software. The TB-6560 controller is used in the CNC machine to adjust variation in the X, Y, and Z axes. The advanced machine is efficient in automatic drilling, engraving, and cutting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNC" title="CNC">CNC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G-code" title=" G-code"> G-code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD" title=" CAD"> CAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAM" title=" CAM"> CAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Proteus" title=" Proteus"> Proteus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLATCAM" title=" FLATCAM"> FLATCAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Easel" title=" Easel"> Easel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174065/precise-cnc-machine-for-multi-tasking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3302</span> Internet-Based Architecture for Machine-to-Machine Communication of a Public Security Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogwueleka%20Francisca%20Nonyelum">Ogwueleka Francisca Nonyelum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiya%20Muhammad"> Jiya Muhammad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poor communication between the victims of the burglaries, road and fire accidents and the agencies, and lack of quick emergency response by the agencies is solved through Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. A distress caller is expected to make a call through a network to the respective agency for emergency response but due to some challenges, this often becomes arduous and futile. This research puts forth an Internet-based architecture for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication to enhance information dissemination in National Public Security Communication System (NPSCS) network. M2M enables the flow of data between machines and machines and ultimately machines and people with information flowing from a machine over a network, and then through a gateway to a system where it is reviewed and acted on. The research findings showed that Internet-based architecture for M2M communication is most suitable for deployment of a public security network which will allow machines to use Internet to talk to each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine-to-machine%20%28M2M%29" title="machine-to-machine (M2M)">machine-to-machine (M2M)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet-based%20architecture" title=" internet-based architecture"> internet-based architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gateway" title=" gateway "> gateway </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27027/internet-based-architecture-for-machine-to-machine-communication-of-a-public-security-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3301</span> An Ontology-Based Framework to Support Asset Integrity Modeling: Case Study of Offshore Riser Integrity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sheikhalishahi">Mohammad Sheikhalishahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Ebrahimipour"> Vahid Ebrahimipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hossein%20Radman-Kian"> Amir Hossein Radman-Kian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes an Ontology framework for knowledge modeling and representation of the equipment integrity process in a typical oil and gas production plant. Our aim is to construct a knowledge modeling that facilitates translation, interpretation, and conversion of human-readable integrity interpretation into computer-readable representation. The framework provides a function structure related to fault propagation using ISO 14224 and ISO 15926 OWL-Lite/ Resource Description Framework (RDF) to obtain a generic system-level model of asset integrity that can be utilized in the integrity engineering process during the equipment life cycle. It employs standard terminology developed by ISO 15926 and ISO 14224 to map textual descriptions of equipment failure and then convert it to a causality-driven logic by semantic interpretation and computer-based representation using Lite/RDF. The framework applied for an offshore gas riser. The result shows that the approach can cross-link the failure-related integrity words and domain-specific logic to obtain a representation structure of equipment integrity with causality inference based on semantic extraction of inspection report context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20integrity%20modeling" title="asset integrity modeling">asset integrity modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interoperability" title=" interoperability"> interoperability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OWL" title=" OWL"> OWL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RDF%2FXML" title=" RDF/XML"> RDF/XML</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131416/an-ontology-based-framework-to-support-asset-integrity-modeling-case-study-of-offshore-riser-integrity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3300</span> Mechanisms Underlying Comprehension of Visualized Personal Health Information: An Eye Tracking Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Da%20Tao">Da Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingfu%20Qin"> Mingfu Qin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenkai%20Li"> Wenkai Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tieyan%20Wang"> Tieyan Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While the use of electronic personal health portals has gained increasing popularity in the healthcare industry, users usually experience difficulty in comprehending and correctly responding to personal health information, partly due to inappropriate or poor presentation of the information. The way personal health information is visualized may affect how users perceive and assess their personal health information. This study was conducted to examine the effects of information visualization format and visualization mode on the comprehension and perceptions of personal health information among personal health information users with eye tracking techniques. A two-factor within-subjects experimental design was employed, where participants were instructed to complete a series of personal health information comprehension tasks under varied types of visualization mode (i.e., whether the information visualization is static or dynamic) and three visualization formats (i.e., bar graph, instrument-like graph, and text-only format). Data on a set of measures, including comprehension performance, perceptions, and eye movement indicators, were collected during the task completion in the experiment. Repeated measure analysis of variance analyses (RM-ANOVAs) was used for data analysis. The results showed that while the visualization format yielded no effects on comprehension performance, it significantly affected users’ perceptions (such as perceived ease of use and satisfaction). The two graphic visualizations yielded significantly higher favorable scores on subjective evaluations than that of the text format. While visualization mode showed no effects on users’ perception measures, it significantly affected users' comprehension performance in that dynamic visualization significantly reduced users' information search time. Both visualization format and visualization mode had significant main effects on eye movement behaviors, and their interaction effects were also significant. While the bar graph format and text format had similar time to first fixation across dynamic and static visualizations, instrument-like graph format had a larger time to first fixation for dynamic visualization than for static visualization. The two graphic visualization formats yielded shorter total fixation duration compared with the text-only format, indicating their ability to improve information comprehension efficiency. The results suggest that dynamic visualization can improve efficiency in comprehending important health information, and graphic visualization formats were favored more by users. The findings are helpful in the underlying comprehension mechanism of visualized personal health information and provide important implications for optimal design and visualization of personal health information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20tracking" title="eye tracking">eye tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20comprehension" title=" information comprehension"> information comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20health%20information" title=" personal health information"> personal health information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166965/mechanisms-underlying-comprehension-of-visualized-personal-health-information-an-eye-tracking-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3299</span> Study on Dynamic Stiffness Matching and Optimization Design Method of a Machine Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Xi">Lu Xi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Pan"> Li Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Mengmeng"> Wen Mengmeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stiffness of each component has different influences on the stiffness of the machine tool. Taking the five-axis gantry machining center as an example, we made the modal analysis of the machine tool, followed by raising and lowering the stiffness of the pillar, slide plate, beam, ram and saddle so as to study the stiffness matching among these components on the standard of whether the stiffness of the modified machine tool changes more than 50% relative to the stiffness of the original machine tool. The structural optimization of the machine tool can be realized by changing the stiffness of the components whose stiffness is mismatched. For example, the stiffness of the beam is mismatching. The natural frequencies of the first six orders of the beam increased by 7.70%, 0.38%, 6.82%, 7.96%, 18.72% and 23.13%, with the weight increased by 28Kg, leading to the natural frequencies of several orders which had a great influence on the dynamic performance of the whole machine increased by 1.44%, 0.43%, 0.065%, which verified the correctness of the optimization method based on stiffness matching proposed in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20tool" title="machine tool">machine tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20analysis" title=" modal analysis"> modal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness%20matching" title=" stiffness matching"> stiffness matching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169087/study-on-dynamic-stiffness-matching-and-optimization-design-method-of-a-machine-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20readable%20format&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20readable%20format&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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