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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 20th and 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Geographic distribution </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geographic distribution subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Central Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Diaspora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture and society </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture and society subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Attire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Male_clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Male_clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Male clothing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Male_clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Female_clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Female clothing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headgear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headgear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.3 Headgear </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headgear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shia_Hazaras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shia_Hazaras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.1 Shia Hazaras </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shia_Hazaras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sunni_Hazaras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunni_Hazaras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.2 Sunni Hazaras </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunni_Hazaras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isma'ili_Hazaras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isma'ili_Hazaras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.3 Isma'ili Hazaras </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isma'ili_Hazaras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hazara_tribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hazara_tribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Hazara tribes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hazara_tribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Writers_and_poets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writers_and_poets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6.1 Writers and poets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writers_and_poets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6.3 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Cultural sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buzkashi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buzkashi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8.1 Buzkashi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buzkashi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tirandāzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tirandāzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8.2 Tirandāzi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tirandāzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pahlawani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pahlawani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8.3 Pahlawani </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pahlawani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Hazaras</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasara" title="Hasara – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hasara" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="هزارة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هزارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnia_hazara" title="Etnia hazara – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Etnia hazara" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99zaralar" title="Həzaralar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həzaralar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="هزاره‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هزاره‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="হাজারা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাজারা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Хазарейци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хазарейци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazares" title="Hazares – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hazares" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haz%C3%A1rov%C3%A9" title="Hazárové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hazárové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarad" title="Hazarad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hazarad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaroj" title="Hazaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hazaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="مردمان هزاره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردمان هزاره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hazaras" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucht_Hazara" title="Lucht Hazara – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lucht Hazara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaralar" title="Hazaralar – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Hazaralar" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_hazara" title="Pobo hazara – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo hazara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9E%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="하자라인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하자라인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="हज़ारा लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हज़ारा लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Hazara" title="Orang Hazara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Hazara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94" title="הזארה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הזארה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰაზარელები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაზარელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%90%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Хазарлар (Ауғанстан) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хазарлар (Ауғанстан)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezare_(gel)" title="Hezare (gel) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hezare (gel)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хазарейликтер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хазарейликтер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazareji" title="Hazareji – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hazareji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarai" title="Hazarai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hazarai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="ഹസാര ജനത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹസാര ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჰაზარალეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰაზარალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="هزاره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هزاره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хазара – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хазара" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="ハザーラ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハザーラ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarafolket" title="Hazarafolket – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hazarafolket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazoralar" title="Hazoralar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hazoralar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾ ਲੋਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾ ਲੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ہزارہ لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہزارہ لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هزاره گان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هزاره گان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarowie" title="Hazarowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hazarowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hazaras" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Хазарейцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хазарейцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hazaras" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazar%C3%ABt" title="Hazarët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hazarët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara_people" title="Hazara people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hazara people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95" title="ھەزارە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەزارە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хазара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хазара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazara" title="Hazara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hazara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarat" title="Hazarat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hazarat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazarer" title="Hazarer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hazarer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கசாரா மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசாரா மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3" title="ชาวแฮซอเร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวแฮซอเร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Ҳазораҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳазораҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaralar" title="Hazaralar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hazaralar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%96" title="Хазарейці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хазарейці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="ہزارہ لوگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہزارہ لوگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hazara" title="Người Hazara – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Hazara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="哈扎拉人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈扎拉人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA" title="哈扎拉人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈扎拉人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Hajara" title="Orang Hajara – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Orang Hajara" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Hazara" title="Jolma Hazara – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Hazara" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected."><img alt="Page extended-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Persian-speaking people mainly in Afghanistan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ethnic group of Afghanistan. Not to be confused with the Hindko-speaking <a href="/wiki/Hazarewal" title="Hazarewal">Hazarewal</a> people of the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_region" title="Hazara region">Hazara</a> region in Pakistan, or with the historic <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_reorganize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/40px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/60px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/80px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">layout guidelines</a>. Please help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazaras&action=edit">editing the article</a> to make improvements to the overall structure. (March 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Hazara <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">هزاره</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>Azra <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">آزره</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_schoolgirls_in_Bamyan,_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hazara_schoolgirls_in_Bamyan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/220px-Hazara_schoolgirls_in_Bamyan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hazara_schoolgirls_in_Bamyan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/330px-Hazara_schoolgirls_in_Bamyan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hazara_schoolgirls_in_Bamyan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/440px-Hazara_schoolgirls_in_Bamyan%2C_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2180" data-file-height="1793" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Hazara school girls in Bamyan</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,000,000<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,000,000<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNHCR-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-whoarethehaz-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></th><td class="infobox-data">500,000<a href="#cite_note-W.I.Smyth-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="infobox-data">130,000<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41,766<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26,000<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,800<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,580<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">Hazaragi</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>)</li></ul></div><a href="#cite_note-culturalorientation-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaqs" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimaqs">Aimaqs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic peoples</a></li></ul></div><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Temirkhanov-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bacon-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-bigenc-23">[23]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Hazaras (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: هزاره, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanized</a>: Hazāra; <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi language">Hazaragi</a>: آزره, romanized: Āzrə) are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> and a principal component of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>’s population. They are one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a>, primarily residing in the <a href="/wiki/Hazaristan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaristan">Hazaristan</a> (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan. Hazaras also form significant minority communities in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>. They speak the <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">Hazaragi</a> <a href="/wiki/Persian_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian dialects">dialects</a> of <a href="/wiki/Persian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian languages">Persian</a>. Dari, also known as <a href="/wiki/Dari_Persian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari Persian">Dari Persian</a>, is one of the two <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Languages of Afghanistan">official languages of Afghanistan</a>. The Hazaras are one of the most persecuted groups in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> More than half of the Hazara population was <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_against_Hazaras" title="List of massacres against Hazaras">massacred</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Hazara_genocide_(19th_century)" title="Hazara genocide (19th century)">between 1888 and 1893</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Iranica-25">[25]</a> and they have faced <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">persecution</a> at various times over the past decades<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Widespread ethnic discrimination<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">religious persecution</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> organized attacks by terrorist groups<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> harassment, and arbitrary arrest have affected Hazaras for various reasons<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> There have been numerous cases of rape and torture of Hazara women<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> land and home seizures<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> deliberate economic restrictions,and economic marginalization of the Hazara region<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and appropriation of Hazara agricultural fields and pastures<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> These and many other human rights violations have led to the displacement and forced migration of many Hazaras from Afghanistan<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The etymology of the word "Hazara" is disputed, with differing opinions on its origin. Historian <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hai_Habibi" title="Abdul Hai Habibi">Abdul Hai Habibi</a> considers the word "Hazara" (Hazāra هزاره) is very old, derived from "Hazala" (həzālə هزاله), which evolved into "Hazara" over time and originally meant "good-hearted."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Some believe that in ancient times, the Hazara people were called "Hazara" (Hazāra هزاره) due to their large population. The name "Hazara" is thought to derive from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> word "Hazar" (həzār هزار), meaning "thousand," as a metaphor for a population numbering over a thousand.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daykundi_province_a_model_for_peace,_reintegration_program_121210-A-PI315-504.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Daykundi_province_a_model_for_peace%2C_reintegration_program_121210-A-PI315-504.jpg/220px-Daykundi_province_a_model_for_peace%2C_reintegration_program_121210-A-PI315-504.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Daykundi_province_a_model_for_peace%2C_reintegration_program_121210-A-PI315-504.jpg/330px-Daykundi_province_a_model_for_peace%2C_reintegration_program_121210-A-PI315-504.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Daykundi_province_a_model_for_peace%2C_reintegration_program_121210-A-PI315-504.jpg/440px-Daykundi_province_a_model_for_peace%2C_reintegration_program_121210-A-PI315-504.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3668" data-file-height="2416" /></a><figcaption>a Hazara boy and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian soldier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Daykundi_Province" title="Daykundi Province">Daykundi</a></figcaption></figure>The name "Hazara" (Hazāra هزاره) is thought to derive from the Persian word "Hazar" (Hazār هزار), meaning "thousand." It may be a translation of the <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a> word <a href="/wiki/Mingghan" title="Mingghan">mingghan</a>, which referred to a military unit of 1,000 soldiers during the time of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The term might have been used as a substitute for the Mongolic word to represent the group of people.<a href="#cite_note-hazara-1-61">[61]</a> In their <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">native language</a>, the Hazara people refer to themselves as "Azra" (āzrə آزره) or (əzrə ازره).<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emir_Khwaja.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Emir_Khwaja.gif/200px-Emir_Khwaja.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Emir_Khwaja.gif/300px-Emir_Khwaja.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Emir_Khwaja.gif 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>A miniature of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khwaja" title="Muhammad Khwaja">Emir Muhammad Khwaja</a></figcaption></figure> Despite being one of the principal population groups in Afghanistan,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> the origins of the Hazara people have not been fully reconstructed. Genetic and linguistic analyses describe Hazaras as an ethnically <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">mixed group</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> with varying degrees of ancestry linked to contemporary <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Temirkhanov-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bacon-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-bigenc-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranic</a> populations.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-71">[71]</a> The physical characteristics of some Hazaras and <a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Char Aimaks</a> are Mongolian, likely a legacy of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion">Mongol invasion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Babur-72">[72]</a> Additionally, Hazaras share a common racial structure and physical resemblance with the Turkic people of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pengyu_Chen2-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> in the early 16th century, mentioned the Hazaras in the <a href="/wiki/Baburnama" title="Baburnama">Baburnama</a>, referring to some as "<a href="/wiki/First_Campaign_against_Turkoman_Hazaras" title="First Campaign against Turkoman Hazaras">Turkoman Hazaras</a>."<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Over the centuries, various <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongols" class="mw-redirect" title="Turco-Mongols">Turco-Mongol</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> groups, notably the <a href="/wiki/Qara%27unas" title="Qara'unas">Qara'unas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Turco-Mongols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurids</a>, merged with local <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous</a> Turkic and Iranic populations. Scholars agree that the Hazaras are ultimately the result of a blend of several Turkic, Mongolic, and Iranic tribes.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Although the Hazaras are a mix of multiple distinct ethnicities, many researchers focus on their Mongolic component. Some authors, including Elizabeth Emaline Bacon,<a href="#cite_note-Bacon-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-BaconSWJA-79">[79]</a> Barbara A. West,<a href="#cite_note-Barbara_A._West-80">[80]</a> Yuri Averyanov,<a href="#cite_note-Averyanov-81">[81]</a> and Elbrus Sattsayev,<a href="#cite_note-Sattsayev-82">[82]</a> refer to them as "Hazara Mongols." According to historian Lutfi Temirkhanov, Mongolian detachments left in Afghanistan by <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> or his successors became the foundational layer of Hazara ethnogenesis,<a href="#cite_note-Temirkhanov-21">[21]</a> with Turkic elements playing a secondary role.<a href="#cite_note-Temirkhanov1968-83">[83]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Ghilji" title="Ghilji">Ghilji</a> neighborhood, Hazaras are called Mongols.<a href="#cite_note-TemirkhanovL-84">[84]</a> Evidence for the Mongol influence in Hazara ethnogenesis includes linguistic data, historical sources, <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">toponymy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-TemirkhanovLutfi-85">[85]</a> and population genetics studies.<a href="#cite_note-Sabitov-86">[86]</a> Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Bartold" title="Vasily Bartold">Vasily Bartold</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Bartold-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rmin_V%C3%A1mb%C3%A9ry" title="Ármin Vámbéry">Ármin Vámbéry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Vámbéry-88">[88]</a> Vadim Masson, Vadim Romodin,<a href="#cite_note-Массон,_Ромодин-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Pavlovich_Petrushevsky" title="Ilya Pavlovich Petrushevsky">Ilya Petrushevsky</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Petrushevsky-90">[90]</a> Allah Rakha, Fatima, Min-Sheng Peng, Atif Adan, Rui Bi, Memona Yasmin, and Yong-Gang Yao have written about the historical use of the Mongolian language by the Hazaras.<a href="#cite_note-Forensic_Science_International-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazaras_men.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colored dice with white background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Hazaras_men.jpg/200px-Hazaras_men.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Hazaras_men.jpg/300px-Hazaras_men.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Hazaras_men.jpg/400px-Hazaras_men.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Hazara old men in <a href="/wiki/Behsud,_Maidan_Wardak" title="Behsud, Maidan Wardak">Behsud, Maidan Wardak</a>. These farmers' skin has darkened due to constant work under the sun at an altitude of 2500 to 3,000 meters above sea level in the <a href="/wiki/Behsud,_Maidan_Wardak" title="Behsud, Maidan Wardak">Behsud, Maidan Wardak</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_people_on_the_anniversary_of_Abdul_Ali_Mazari%27s_death_in_Kabul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colored dice with checkered background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hazara_people_on_the_anniversary_of_Abdul_Ali_Mazari%27s_death_in_Kabul.jpg/200px-Hazara_people_on_the_anniversary_of_Abdul_Ali_Mazari%27s_death_in_Kabul.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hazara_people_on_the_anniversary_of_Abdul_Ali_Mazari%27s_death_in_Kabul.jpg/300px-Hazara_people_on_the_anniversary_of_Abdul_Ali_Mazari%27s_death_in_Kabul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hazara_people_on_the_anniversary_of_Abdul_Ali_Mazari%27s_death_in_Kabul.jpg/400px-Hazara_people_on_the_anniversary_of_Abdul_Ali_Mazari%27s_death_in_Kabul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="483" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Hazaras on the anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari" title="Abdul Ali Mazari">Abdul Ali Mazari</a>'s death in 2021 in Kabul</div></div></div></div></div> Genetically, the Hazaras have a mix of <a href="/wiki/West_Eurasian" class="mw-redirect" title="West Eurasian">West Eurasian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_East_Eurasian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient East Eurasian">East Eurasian</a> components. Genetic data shows that Hazaras in Afghanistan cluster closely with the <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbek</a> population, while both groups are notably distinct from Afghanistan's <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> populations.<a href="#cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> There is evidence of both paternal and maternal connections to <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iranic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranic peoples">Iranic peoples</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The frequency of ancestral components among the Hazaras varies according to tribal affiliation. They show a high genetic affinity to present-day <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> populations of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, as well as to <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic</a> populations. In terms of their overall genetic makeup, approximately 49% of the average gene pool of the Hazaras is derived from East Asian sources, around 48% from European sources, and approximately 0.17%, 0.47%, and 2.30% from African, Oceanian, and Amerindian sources, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Genetic_makeup" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic makeup">genetic makeup</a> of the Hazaras is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> populations.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pengyu_Chen-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-SabitovZh.-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Жабагин-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guanglin_He-100">[100]</a> Some analyses suggest that the Hazaras are more closely related to the Turkic populations of Central Asia than to <a href="/wiki/Mongolians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolians">Mongolians</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asians" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asians">East Asians</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In another study, results from pairwise genetic distances, MDS, PCA, and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction demonstrate that present-day Hazaras are genetically closer to Turkic-speaking populations (such as Uyghur, Kazakh, and Kyrgyz) residing in northwest China than to other Central and South Asian populations or Mongolians. Outgroup and admixture analyses, including f3, f4, f4-ratio, qpWave, and qpAdm results, further show that Hazaras share more alleles with East Asians than with other Central Asians, carrying approximately 57.8% Mongolian-related ancestry. The Hazaras have undergone genetic admixture with local or neighboring populations, forming their current East-West Eurasian admixed genetic profile after their separation from the Mongolians.<a href="#cite_note-Guanglin_He-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Atif_Adnan-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paternal_haplogroups">Paternal haplogroups</h3></div> The most common paternal DNA haplogroups among Hazaras from Afghanistan are the East Eurasian haplogroup C-M217 (33.33%) and the West Eurasian haplogroup R1a1a-M17 (6.67%), followed by the West Eurasian haplogroups J2-M172 and L-M20. Some Hazaras were also found to belong to the haplogroups E1b1b1-M35, L-M20, and H-M69, which they share with <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian ethnic groups">Indian populations</a>. Additionally, one individual with the haplogroup B-M60, typically found in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Africa">Eastern Africa</a>, was identified.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Haplogroup C2 (previously known as the C3-Star cluster) is the most frequent haplogroup among Pakistani and Afghan Hazaras.<a href="#cite_note-Atif_Adnan-102">[102]</a> Pakistani Hazaras have a high frequency of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-M217_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup C-M217 (Y-DNA)">haplogroup C-M217</a> at approximately 40% (10/25) and <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b" title="Haplogroup R1b">haplogroup R1b</a> at around 32% (8/25). A relatively high frequency of R1b has also been found among Eastern Russian <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a>, and all three groups are thought to be associated with the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Haplogroup C-M217, or C2, is the most common haplogroup in Mongol and Kazakh populations.<a href="#cite_note-Atif_Adnan-102">[102]</a> Studies indicate that Y-DNA haplogroup C2 among Hazaras is linked to the expansion of the Mongols<a href="#cite_note-SabitovZh.-98">[98]</a> and supports the Mongolian origin of the Hazaras.<a href="#cite_note-Жабагин-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maternal_haplogroups">Maternal haplogroups</h3></div> The Hazaras share approximately 35% of their maternal haplogroups with contemporary East Asian populations, while about 65% are shared with West Eurasian populations.<a href="#cite_note-Allah_Rakha-106">[106]</a> Overall, the Hazaras predominantly have West Eurasian mtDNA.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> The first mention of the Hazaras appears in <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baburnama" title="Baburnama">Baburnama</a> in the early 16th century, particularly referring to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hazara_tribes" title="List of Hazara tribes">tribes</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_against_Sultan_Masudi_Hazaras" title="Campaign against Sultan Masudi Hazaras">Sultan Masaudi Hazaras</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Babur-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Campaign_against_Turkoman_Hazaras" title="First Campaign against Turkoman Hazaras">Turkoman Hazaras</a>,<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> and Kedi Hazaras.<a href="#cite_note-Babur-72">[72]</a> Later, the Hazaras were referenced by the court historians of <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Persia">Shah Abbas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It is reported that the Hazaras embraced <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a> between the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, during the Safavid period.<a href="#cite_note-Monsutti-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Hazara men, along with those from other ethnic groups, were recruited into the army of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a> in the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-LoC-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931893_Hazara_uprisings" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1893 Hazara uprisings">1888–1893 Hazara uprisings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uruzgan" title="Battle of Uruzgan">Battle of Uruzgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Persecution of Hazaras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_against_Hazaras" title="List of massacres against Hazaras">List of massacres against Hazaras</a></div> During the second reign of <a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Dost Mohammad Khan</a> in the 19th century, Hazaras from Hazarajat were taxed for the first time. However, for the most part, they managed to maintain their regional <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> until the 1892 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uruzgan" title="Battle of Uruzgan">Battle of Uruzgan</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> and the subsequent subjugation by <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman</a>, which began in the late 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gandomak" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Gandomak">Treaty of Gandomak</a> was signed and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a> ended in 1880, Abdur Rahman set a goal to bring <a href="/wiki/Hazaristan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaristan">Hazaristan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkistan">Turkistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kafiristan" title="Kafiristan">Kafiristan</a> under his control. He launched several campaigns in Hazaristan in response to resistance from the Hazaras, during which his forces committed atrocities. The southern part of Hazaristan was spared, as its inhabitants accepted his rule, while other regions rejected Abdur Rahman and supported his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a>. In response, Abdur Rahman waged war against the tribal leaders who opposed his policies and rule. This conflict is known as the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_Uprisings" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara Uprisings">Hazara Uprisings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Monsutti-112">[112]</a> These campaigns had a catastrophic impact on the demographics of the Hazaras, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_genocides_by_death_toll" class="mw-redirect" title="List of genocides by death toll">massacre</a> of over sixty percent of the total Hazara population, with many being displaced and exiled from their own lands. The Hazara lands were distributed among loyalist villagers from nearby non-Hazara communities. The repression following the uprising has been characterized as <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> in the history of modern Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-:0-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> After these massacres, Abdul Rahman forced many Hazara families from the Hazara areas of <a href="/wiki/Uruzgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruzgan">Uruzgan</a> and other parts of Hazaristan to leave their hometowns and ancestral lands, prompting many Hazaras to flee to neighboring countries such as Central Asia, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Those Hazaras living in the northern <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> migrated to <a href="/wiki/Tsarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsarist">Tsarist Russia</a>, primarily settling in the southern cities, while some moved to Iran. Over time, many Hazaras living in Tsarist Russian regions lost their <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazara_culture" title="Hazara culture">culture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic identity">ethnic identity</a> due to the similarities in <a href="/wiki/Heritability" title="Heritability">racial background</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_appearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical appearance">physical appearance</a> of the local population, leading them to assimilate. The fleeing Hazaras settled in former Tsarist Russia regions, including <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a>. Meanwhile, the Hazaras from northwestern Afghanistan migrated to Iran, settling in neighborhoods in and around <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, where they later became known as Khawari or Barbari. Another group of Hazaras from the southeastern regions of Afghanistan moved to British India, where they reside in <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>) and parts of present-day <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Additionally, some Hazaras settled in Syria and Iraq. Unlike those who migrated to Tsarist Russia, the Hazaras in Pakistan, India, Iran, Syria, and Iraq were unable to integrate fully due to differences in physical appearance, allowing them to retain their language, culture, and ethnic identity.<a href="#cite_note-:3-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_century">20th and 21st century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions. (October 2018) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdul_Khaliq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Abdul_Khaliq.jpg/200px-Abdul_Khaliq.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Abdul_Khaliq.jpg/300px-Abdul_Khaliq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Abdul_Khaliq.jpg/400px-Abdul_Khaliq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Hazara_(assassin)" title="Abdul Khaliq Hazara (assassin)">Abdul Khaliq</a>, a Hazara school student who assassinated <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nadir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nadir Shah">Muhammad Nadir Shah</a>, the king of Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> In 1901, <a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Khan" title="Habibullah Khan">Habibullah Khan</a>, Abdur Rahman's eldest son and successor, granted amnesty to the Hazaras and invited those exiled by his predecessor to return. However, few returned, settling instead in <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Turkistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balkh_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkh province">Balkh province</a>, as they had lost their previous lands. The Hazaras continued to face social, economic, and political <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> throughout most of the 20th century. In 1933, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nadir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nadir Shah">Muhammad Nadir Shah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Afghanistan">King of Afghanistan</a>, was assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Hazara_(assassin)" title="Abdul Khaliq Hazara (assassin)">Abdul Khaliq Hazara</a>, a <a href="/wiki/School_student" class="mw-redirect" title="School student">school student</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Afghan_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan government">Afghan government</a> later captured and executed him, along with several of his family members.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Mistrust of the central government among the Hazaras and local uprisings persisted. In particular, from 1945 to 1946, during <a href="/wiki/Zahir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahir Shah">Zahir Shah</a>'s rule, a <a href="/wiki/1945_Hazara_Rebellion" title="1945 Hazara Rebellion">revolt</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_Khan_(Hazara_leader)" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (Hazara leader)">Ibrahim Khan</a>, known as "Ibrahim Gawsawar," erupted in response to new taxes that were imposed exclusively on the Hazaras. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Kuchis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuchis">Kuchis</a> were not only exempted from these taxes but also received allowances from the Afghan government.<a href="#cite_note-Monsutti-112">[112]</a> The angry rebels began capturing and killing government officials. In response, the central government sent a force to subdue the region and subsequently removed the taxes.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg/200px-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg/300px-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg/400px-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_Khan_(Hazara_leader)" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Khan (Hazara leader)">Ibrahim Khan</a> known as "Ibrahim Gawsawar", The leader of the armed uprising of Hazaras in protest against taxes during <a href="/wiki/Zahir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahir Shah">Zahir Shah</a>'s rule</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mazari.jpg/200px-Mazari.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mazari.jpg/300px-Mazari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Mazari.jpg/400px-Mazari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari" title="Abdul Ali Mazari">Abdul Ali Mazari</a>, the leader of Hazaras during and following the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></figcaption></figure> The repressive policies[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan" title="People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan">People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan</a> (PDPA) after the <a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a> in 1978 led to uprisings throughout the country. Fearing Iranian influence, the Hazaras were particularly persecuted. In October 1979, President <a href="/wiki/Hafizullah_Amin" title="Hafizullah Amin">Hafizullah Amin</a> published a list of 12,000 victims of the <a href="/wiki/Nur_Muhammad_Taraki" title="Nur Muhammad Taraki">Taraki government</a>, among whom were 7,000 Hazaras who had been shot in the notorious <a href="/wiki/Pul-e-Charkhi_prison" title="Pul-e-Charkhi prison">Pul-e-Charkhi prison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-Afghan War">Soviet-Afghan War</a>, the Hazarajat region did not experience as much heavy fighting as other parts of Afghanistan. Most of the Hazara <a href="/wiki/Afghan_mujahideen" title="Afghan mujahideen">mujahideen</a> engaged in combat against the Soviets in regions on the periphery of Hazarajat. There was a division between the <a href="/wiki/Tanzeem_Nasle_Nau_Hazara" title="Tanzeem Nasle Nau Hazara">Tanzeem Nasle Nau Hazara</a>, a party based in Quetta comprising Hazara nationalists and secular intellectuals, and the <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> parties in Hazarajat.<a href="#cite_note-Monsutti-112">[112]</a> By 1979, the Hazara Islamist groups had already liberated Hazarajat from the central <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Soviet-backed Afghan government</a> and subsequently took full control of the region away from the secularists. By 1984, the Islamist dominance in Hazarajat was complete. As the Soviets withdrew in 1989, the Islamist groups recognized the need to broaden their political appeal and shifted their focus toward <a href="/wiki/Hazara_nationalism" title="Hazara nationalism">Hazara nationalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Monsutti-112">[112]</a> This shift led to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Hizbe-Wahdat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizbe-Wahdat">Hizbe-Wahdat</a>, an alliance of all Hazara resistance groups, except for <a href="/wiki/Harakat-e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Harakat-e Islami">Harakat-e Islami</a>. In 1992, with the fall of <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Harakat-e Islami sided with <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Rabbani" title="Burhanuddin Rabbani">Burhanuddin Rabbani</a>'s government, while Hizb-e Wahdat aligned with the opposition. Hizb-e Wahdat was eventually forced out of Kabul in 1995 when the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> captured the city and killed their leader, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari" title="Abdul Ali Mazari">Abdul Ali Mazari</a>. Following the Taliban's capture of Kabul in 1996, all Hazara groups united with the <a href="/wiki/United_Islamic_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan">Northern Alliance</a> against this common enemy. However, despite fierce resistance, Hazarajat fell to the Taliban in 1998. The Taliban isolated Hazarajat from the rest of the world, even preventing the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> from delivering food to the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_Province" title="Bamyan Province">Bamyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghor_Province" title="Ghor Province">Ghor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maidan_Wardak_Province" title="Maidan Wardak Province">Maidan Wardak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daykundi_Province" title="Daykundi Province">Daykundi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rashid-123">[123]</a> In 1997, a revolt broke out among the Hazaras in Mazar-e Sharif when they refused to be disarmed by the Taliban, resulting in the deaths of 600 Taliban fighters in the subsequent fighting.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In retaliation, the Taliban adopted the genocidal policies reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a>'s era. In 1998, six thousand Hazaras were killed in the north, with the intent of carrying out ethnic cleansing against the Hazara population.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In March 2001, the two giant <a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a> were destroyed, despite widespread international condemnation.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Taller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colored dice with white background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Taller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg/200px-Taller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Taller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg/300px-Taller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Taller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg/400px-Taller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="1594" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Taller <a href="/wiki/Buddha_of_Bamiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha of Bamiyan">Buddha of Bamiyan</a>, 55 metres (180 ft) before and after destruction</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Smaller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colored dice with checkered background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Smaller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg/200px-Smaller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Smaller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg/300px-Smaller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Smaller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg/400px-Smaller_Buddha_before_and_after_destruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="1548" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Smaller Buddha of Bamiyan, 38 metres (125 ft) before and after destruction</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qazi_Muhammad_Isa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Qazi_Muhammad_Isa.jpg/200px-Qazi_Muhammad_Isa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Qazi_Muhammad_Isa.jpg/300px-Qazi_Muhammad_Isa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Qazi_Muhammad_Isa.jpg/400px-Qazi_Muhammad_Isa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Muhammad_Isa" title="Qazi Muhammad Isa">Qazi Muhammad Isa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Jinnah's</a> close associate and a key figure of the All-India Muslim League in Balochistan, Pakistan</figcaption></figure> Hazaras have also played a significant role in the creation of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. One notable Hazara was <a href="/wiki/Qazi_Muhammad_Isa" title="Qazi Muhammad Isa">Qazi Muhammad Isa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ali_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Sheikh Ali (Hazara tribe)">Sheikh Ali tribe</a>, who was a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>; they met for the first time while studying in London. Qazi Muhammad Isa was the first person from his native province of <a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a> to obtain a Bar-at-Law degree and played a key role in establishing the <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a> in Balochistan.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Though Hazaras played a role in the anti-Soviet movement, some Hazaras also participated in the new communist government, which actively courted Afghan minorities. <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ali_Kishtmand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ali Kishtmand">Sultan Ali Kishtmand</a>, a Hazara, served as the Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1981 to 1990, with a brief interruption in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The Ismaili Hazaras of Baghlan Province likewise supported the communists, and their <a href="/wiki/Pir_(Alevism)" title="Pir (Alevism)">pir</a> (religious leader), <a href="/wiki/Jaffar_Naderi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaffar Naderi">Jaffar Naderi</a>, led a pro-Communist militia in the region.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> During the following years, the Hazaras suffered severe oppression, and numerous ethnic massacres, genocides, and pogroms were carried out by the predominantly Pashtun Taliban. These events have been documented by organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HRW-131">[131]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">September 11, 2001 attacks</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">American and Coalition forces invaded Afghanistan</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">fall of the Taliban</a>, many Hazaras emerged as important figures in the country.<a href="#cite_note-ngm-132">[132]</a> Hazaras pursued higher education, enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Army">army</a>, and held various top government positions.<a href="#cite_note-cs-133">[133]</a> Notable Hazaras in leadership roles included <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Afghanistan" title="Vice President of Afghanistan">Vice Presidents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Afghanistan" title="Cabinet of Afghanistan">ministers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_governors_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current governors of Afghanistan">governors</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Karim_Khalili" title="Karim Khalili">Karim Khalili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarwar_Danish" title="Sarwar Danish">Sarwar Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sima_Samar" title="Sima Samar">Sima Samar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mohaqiq" title="Muhammad Mohaqiq">Muhammad Mohaqiq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habiba_Sar%C4%81bi" title="Habiba Sarābi">Habiba Sarābi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Shafaq" title="Abdul Haq Shafaq">Abdul Haq Shafaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayed_Anwar_Rahmati" title="Sayed Anwar Rahmati">Sayed Anwar Rahmati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qurban_Ali_Urozgani" title="Qurban Ali Urozgani">Qurban Ali Urozgani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arif_Shah_Jahan" title="Muhammad Arif Shah Jahan">Muhammad Arif Shah Jahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Baligh" title="Mahmoud Baligh">Mahmoud Baligh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayyed_Mohammad_Eqbal_Munib" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyed Mohammad Eqbal Munib">Mohammad Eqbal Munib</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Asim_Asim" title="Mohammad Asim Asim">Mohammad Asim Asim</a>. <a href="/wiki/Azra_Jafari" title="Azra Jafari">Azra Jafari</a>, the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Nili,_Afghanistan" title="Nili, Afghanistan">Nili, Daykundi</a>, became the first female mayor in Afghanistan. Other notable Hazaras include <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ali_Keshtmand" title="Sultan Ali Keshtmand">Sultan Ali Keshtmand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahed_Sar%C4%81bi" title="Abdul Wahed Sarābi">Abdul Wahed Sarābi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akram_Yari" title="Akram Yari">Akram Yari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Wahdat" title="Ghulam Ali Wahdat">Ghulam Ali Wahdat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayed_Mustafa_Kazemi" title="Sayed Mustafa Kazemi">Sayed Mustafa Kazemi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Husain_Naseri" title="Ghulam Husain Naseri">Ghulam Husain Naseri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Noyan" title="Abbas Noyan">Abbas Noyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daoud_Naji" title="Daoud Naji">Daoud Naji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Ibrahim_Zada" title="Abbas Ibrahim Zada">Abbas Ibrahim Zada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramazan_Bashardost" title="Ramazan Bashardost">Ramazan Bashardost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Ramazan" title="Ahmad Shah Ramazan">Ahmad Shah Ramazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Behzad" title="Ahmad Behzad">Ahmad Behzad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili" title="Nasrullah Sadiqi Zada Nili">Nasrullah Sadiqi Zada Nili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fahim_Hashimy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahim Hashimy">Fahim Hashimy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Monsef" title="Maryam Monsef">Maryam Monsef</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Although Afghanistan has historically been one of the poorest countries in the world, the Hazarajat region has remained underdeveloped due to past government neglect. Since the ousting of the Taliban in late 2001, billions of dollars have been invested in Afghanistan for reconstruction, and several large-scale projects began in August 2012. For instance, more than 5,000 kilometers of road pavement have been completed across the country, with little done in central Afghanistan (Hazarajat). Conversely, the <a href="/wiki/Band-e_Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Band-e Amir">Band-e Amir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_Province" title="Bamyan Province">Bamyan Province</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in Afghanistan. A road from Kabul to <a href="/wiki/Bamyan" title="Bamyan">Bamyan</a> was also constructed, along with new police stations, government institutions, hospitals, and schools in <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_Province" title="Bamyan Province">Bamyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daykundi_Province" title="Daykundi Province">Daykundi</a>, and other provinces predominantly inhabited by Hazaras. Additionally, the first <a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">ski resort</a> in Afghanistan was established in Bamyan Province.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Discrimination is evident in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Kuchis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuchis">Kuchis</a> (Pashtun nomads who historically migrate from region to region depending on the season), who are allowed to use the pastures of Hazarajat during the summer months. It is believed that this practice began during the rule of Abdur Rahman Khan.<a href="#cite_note-yahoo-137">[137]</a> Living in mountainous Hazarajat, where arable farmland is scarce, the Hazara people rely on these pasture lands for their livelihood during the long and harsh winters. In 2007, some Kuchi nomads entered parts of Hazarajat to graze their livestock. When the local Hazaras resisted, a clash ensued, resulting in several deaths on both sides from gunfire. Such events continue to occur, even after the central government, including President <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a>, was compelled to intervene. In late July 2012, a Hazara police commander in Uruzgan Province reportedly rounded up and killed nine Pashtun civilians in retaliation for the deaths of two local Hazaras. The Afghan government is currently investigating this matter.<a href="#cite_note-yahoo-137">[137]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_women_protest_terrorist_attack_on_students_after_Kabul_bombing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Hazara_women_protest_terrorist_attack_on_students_after_Kabul_bombing.jpg/220px-Hazara_women_protest_terrorist_attack_on_students_after_Kabul_bombing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Hazara_women_protest_terrorist_attack_on_students_after_Kabul_bombing.jpg/330px-Hazara_women_protest_terrorist_attack_on_students_after_Kabul_bombing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Hazara_women_protest_terrorist_attack_on_students_after_Kabul_bombing.jpg/440px-Hazara_women_protest_terrorist_attack_on_students_after_Kabul_bombing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Hazara women condemning the <a href="/wiki/September_2022_Kabul_school_bombing" title="September 2022 Kabul school bombing">September 2022 Kabul school bombing</a></figcaption></figure> President Hamid Karzai's efforts after the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Peace_Jirga_2010" title="Afghan Peace Jirga 2010">Peace Jirga</a> to negotiate a deal with Taliban leaders caused deep unease among Afghanistan's minority communities, who had fought the Taliban the longest and suffered the most during their rule. Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbek</a>, and Hazara communities vowed to resist any return of the Taliban to power, recalling the large-scale massacres of Hazara civilians during the Taliban's previous rule.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">2021 Kabul school bombing</a> targeted a girls' school in <a href="/wiki/Dashte_Barchi" title="Dashte Barchi">Dashte Barchi</a>, a predominantly Shia Hazara area in western <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The Dashte Barchi district had frequently been attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Islamic State – Khorasan Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul</a> to the Taliban in 2021, which marked the end of the war in Afghanistan, concerns were raised about whether the Taliban would reimpose the persecution of Hazaras as they did in the 1990s. An academic at <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/La_Trobe_University" title="La Trobe University">La Trobe University</a> stated that "The Hazaras are very fearful that the Taliban will likely reinstate the policies of the 1990s," despite Taliban reassurances that they would not revert to their previous oppressive practices.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On 6 September 2022, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> reported that since the Taliban took over Afghanistan in August 2021, ISIS–K has claimed responsibility for 13 attacks against Hazaras and has been linked to at least three more, resulting in the deaths and injuries of at least 700 people. The Islamic State affiliate has repeatedly targeted Hazaras and other religious minorities at mosques, schools, and workplaces.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:George_W._Bush_meets_Afghan_politicians_in_Kabul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karim Khalili, former 2nd Vice President of Afghanistan (with turban) is standing next to Mohammed Fahim, George W. Bush, facing Hamid Karzai."><img alt="Karim Khalili, former 2nd Vice President of Afghanistan (with turban) is standing next to Mohammed Fahim, George W. Bush, facing Hamid Karzai." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/George_W._Bush_meets_Afghan_politicians_in_Kabul.jpg/200px-George_W._Bush_meets_Afghan_politicians_in_Kabul.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/George_W._Bush_meets_Afghan_politicians_in_Kabul.jpg/300px-George_W._Bush_meets_Afghan_politicians_in_Kabul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/George_W._Bush_meets_Afghan_politicians_in_Kabul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="274" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karim_Khalili" title="Karim Khalili">Karim Khalili</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Afghanistan" title="Vice President of Afghanistan">2nd Vice President of Afghanistan</a> (with turban) is standing next to <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Fahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Fahim">Mohammed Fahim</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, facing <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Habiba_Sarabi_speaking_in_April_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Habiba Sarābi is a hematologist, politician, and former Governor of Bamyan province in Afghanistan."><img alt="Habiba Sarābi is a hematologist, politician, and former Governor of Bamyan province in Afghanistan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Habiba_Sarabi_speaking_in_April_2011.jpg/200px-Habiba_Sarabi_speaking_in_April_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Habiba_Sarabi_speaking_in_April_2011.jpg/300px-Habiba_Sarabi_speaking_in_April_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Habiba_Sarabi_speaking_in_April_2011.jpg/400px-Habiba_Sarabi_speaking_in_April_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Habiba_Sar%C4%81bi" title="Habiba Sarābi">Habiba Sarābi</a> is a hematologist, politician, and former Governor of <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamyan province">Bamyan province</a> in Afghanistan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nasrullah Sadiqi Zada Nili is a politician and former representative of the people Daykundi province in the fifteenth and sixteenth parliamentary sessions of the Afghanistan Parliament."><img alt="Nasrullah Sadiqi Zada Nili is a politician and former representative of the people Daykundi province in the fifteenth and sixteenth parliamentary sessions of the Afghanistan Parliament." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili.jpg/200px-Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili.jpg/300px-Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili.jpg/400px-Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="534" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nasrullah_Sadiqi_Zada_Nili" title="Nasrullah Sadiqi Zada Nili">Nasrullah Sadiqi Zada Nili</a> is a politician and former representative of the people <a href="/wiki/Daykundi_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Daykundi province">Daykundi province</a> in the fifteenth and sixteenth parliamentary sessions of the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan Parliament">Afghanistan Parliament</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbas_Noyan_in_Kabul_in_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbas Noyan is a politician, who served as a member of the Afghanistan Parliament, representative of the people of Kabul province from 2005 to 2010. He is the former Afghanistan's ambassador to Sweden."><img alt="Abbas Noyan is a politician, who served as a member of the Afghanistan Parliament, representative of the people of Kabul province from 2005 to 2010. He is the former Afghanistan's ambassador to Sweden." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Abbas_Noyan_in_Kabul_in_2018.jpg/200px-Abbas_Noyan_in_Kabul_in_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Abbas_Noyan_in_Kabul_in_2018.jpg/300px-Abbas_Noyan_in_Kabul_in_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Abbas_Noyan_in_Kabul_in_2018.jpg/400px-Abbas_Noyan_in_Kabul_in_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5228" data-file-height="3486" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Noyan" title="Abbas Noyan">Abbas Noyan</a> is a politician, who served as a member of the Afghanistan Parliament, representative of the people of <a href="/wiki/Kabul_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabul province">Kabul province</a> from 2005 to 2010. He is the former <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Afghanistan" title="List of ambassadors of Afghanistan">Afghanistan's ambassador</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Demographics of Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/220px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/330px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg/440px-US_Army_ethnolinguistic_map_of_Afghanistan_--_circa_2001-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2319" data-file-height="2123" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups</a> in Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> Some sources claim that Hazaras comprise about 20 to 30 percent of the total <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of Afghanistan">population of Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-hazara-1-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-ngm-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-Afghanistan-145">[145]</a> They were, by far, the largest ethnic group in the past. During the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_genocide_(19th_century)" title="Hazara genocide (19th century)">1888–1893 uprisings</a>, over sixty percent of Hazaras were massacred, and many were displaced. Meanwhile, they lost a significant portion of their territory to non-Hazaras, which could have doubled their land size today.<a href="#cite_note-:0-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hazaristan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaristan">Hazaristan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Demographics of Afghanistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazaras&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazaras&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AHazaras&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+22+November+2024+%282%29&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Hazaras">making an edit request</a>. (October 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_and_the_geographical_area_of_Hazaristan_in_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Afghanistan_and_the_geographical_area_of_Hazaristan_in_1890.jpg/220px-Afghanistan_and_the_geographical_area_of_Hazaristan_in_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Afghanistan_and_the_geographical_area_of_Hazaristan_in_1890.jpg/330px-Afghanistan_and_the_geographical_area_of_Hazaristan_in_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Afghanistan_and_the_geographical_area_of_Hazaristan_in_1890.jpg/440px-Afghanistan_and_the_geographical_area_of_Hazaristan_in_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Afghanistan and the geographical area of Hazaristan in 1890</figcaption></figure> The Hazaras are one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a>, primarily residing in the <a href="/wiki/Hazaristan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaristan">Hazaristan</a> region in central Afghanistan, with a significant presence throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Until the 1880s, the Hazaras were completely autonomous and controlled the entire Hazaristan region. Today, the vast majority of Hazaras reside in Hazaristan, while many others live in various cities across the country.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Asia">Central Asia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Central_Asia" title="Demographics of Central Asia">Demographics of Central Asia</a></div> After the massacre and genocide of the Hazaras by <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman</a> from <a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931893_Hazara_uprisings" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1893 Hazara uprisings">1888 to 1893</a>, many Hazaras migrated to <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asian</a> regions under <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Tsarist Russian</a> occupation, including <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, with a significant number settling in <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>. Over time, many Hazaras living in these regions lost their accent, language, and ethnic identity due to the similarities in racial structure and appearance with the local populations, leading to their assimilation.<a href="#cite_note-:3-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics of Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnic groups in Pakistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Musa_addressing_Pakistani_troops.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/General_Musa_addressing_Pakistani_troops.jpg/220px-General_Musa_addressing_Pakistani_troops.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/General_Musa_addressing_Pakistani_troops.jpg/330px-General_Musa_addressing_Pakistani_troops.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/General_Musa_addressing_Pakistani_troops.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/General_Musa_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="General Musa Khan">General Musa Khan</a>, who served as Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army</figcaption></figure> During the period of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonial rule</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> in the 19th century, Hazaras worked in coal mines, road construction, and other <a href="/wiki/Working-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Working-class">working-class</a> jobs during the winter months in various cities of what is now <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. The earliest record of Hazaras in Pakistan dates back to Broadfoot's Sappers Company, which was established in 1835 in <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a> and also participated in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a>. Additionally, some Hazaras worked on agricultural farms in <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> and contributed to the construction of the Sukkur Barrage.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1962, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">government of Pakistan</a> officially recognized the Hazaras as one of the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Pakistan">country's ethnic groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Most Pakistani Hazaras are native to <a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan, Pakistan</a>. Localities in the city of <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a> with prominent Hazara populations include <a href="/wiki/Hazara_Town" title="Hazara Town">Hazara Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mariabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariabad">Mariabad</a>. The literacy level among the Hazara community in Pakistan is relatively high compared to that of Hazaras in Afghanistan, and they have integrated well into the local society's social dynamics. Saira Batool, a Hazara woman, was one of the first female pilots in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan Air Force</a>. Other notable Hazaras include <a href="/wiki/Qazi_Muhammad_Isa" title="Qazi Muhammad Isa">Qazi Muhammad Isa</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Musa_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="General Musa Khan">General Musa Khan</a>, who served as the fourth <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Pakistan_Army" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army">Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army</a> from 1958 to 1968, <a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal">Air Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharbat_Ali_Changezi" title="Sharbat Ali Changezi">Sharbat Ali Changezi</a>, who served in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan Air Force</a> from 1949 to 1987, <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ali_Yousafi" title="Hussain Ali Yousafi">Hussain Ali Yousafi</a>, the slain chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_Democratic_Party" title="Hazara Democratic Party">Hazara Democratic Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sayed_Nasir_Ali_Shah" title="Sayed Nasir Ali Shah">Sayed Nasir Ali Shah</a>, a Member of the National Assembly from Quetta, along with his father <a href="/wiki/Haji_Sayed_Hussain_Hazara" title="Haji Sayed Hussain Hazara">Haji Sayed Hussain Hazara</a>, who was a senator and member of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Parliament">Pakistan Parliament</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a> era.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Despite this, Hazaras are often targeted by militant groups such as <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Jhangvi" title="Lashkar-e-Jhangvi">Lashkar-e-Jhangvi</a> and others. Activists report that at least 800 to 1,000 Hazaras have been killed since 1999, and the pace is quickening. According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, more than one hundred have been murdered in and around Quetta since January.<a href="#cite_note-Bigg-150">[150]</a> The political representation of the community is served by the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_Democratic_Party" title="Hazara Democratic Party">Hazara Democratic Party</a>, a secular liberal democratic party headed by <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Hazara_(Politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Khaliq Hazara (Politician)">Abdul Khaliq Hazara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Iran" title="Demographics of Iran">Demographics of Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Iran">Ethnic groups in Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara.jpg/220px-Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara.jpg/330px-Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara.jpg/440px-Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_Khan_Hazara" title="Muhammad Yusuf Khan Hazara">Muhammad Yusuf Khan Hazara</a>, the leader of Hazaras and the first Sunni representative member in the Iranian Parliament</figcaption></figure> The Hazara people in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> are also referred to as Barbari (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: بربری),<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> or Khāwari (خاوری).<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Over many years, due to political unrest in Afghanistan, some Hazaras have migrated to Iran. The local Hazara population is estimated to be around 500,000, with at least one-third having spent more than half their lives in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-W.I.Smyth-6">[6]</a> Before Iran was forced to relinquish the <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> region according to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1857)" title="Treaty of Paris (1857)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1857 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Naser_al-Din_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Naser al-Din Shah">Naser al-Din Shah</a>, the country possessed a much larger part of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a>. One of the tribes that roamed this area prior to the cession was the Hazaras. After the border between Iran and Afghanistan was drawn, the tribe settled on both sides of the border. The leadership of this tribe at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar period</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi period</a> was held by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_Khan_Hazara" title="Muhammad Yusuf Khan Hazara">Muhammad Yusuf Khan Hazara</a>, known as "Sulat al-Sultanah Hazara." He was a <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> Hazara, a politician, and the first Sunni representative in the <a href="/wiki/National_Consultative_Assembly" title="National Consultative Assembly">Iranian Parliament</a>, as well as the only Sunni Iranian to represent Mashhad in the history of Iran's <a href="/wiki/Legislatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislatures">legislatures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attarwala" title="Attarwala">Attarwala</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazaras&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazaras&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AHazaras&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+22+November+2024+%282%29&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Hazaras">making an edit request</a>. (October 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/Attarwala" title="Attarwala">Attarwala</a> claim to be Hazaras who mainly inhabit the state of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. They are descended from a group of <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> soldiers who were initially settled in <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> during the rule of Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-157">[157]</a> According to their recorded documents, they then migrated to <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a> via <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratlam" title="Ratlam">Ratlam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Godhra" title="Godhra">Godhra</a>. This migration followed their participation in the community during the 1857 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian War of Independence</a>. Once settled in Gujarat, the community took up the occupation of manufacturing perfumes known as <a href="/wiki/Ittar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ittar">ittars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-157">[157]</a> The term "attarwala" means "manufacturer of perfumes." A second migration occurred in 1947 from Agra after the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>, with some members immigrating to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, while others joined their co-ethnics in Ahmedabad.<a href="#cite_note-:8-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diaspora">Diaspora</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hazara_diaspora" title="Hazara diaspora">Hazara diaspora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghan_diaspora" title="Afghan diaspora">Afghan diaspora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hazaras_in_Europe" title="Hazaras in Europe">Hazaras in Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hazara_Australians" title="Hazara Australians">Hazara Australians</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Monsutti" title="Alessandro Monsutti">Alessandro Monsutti</a> argues in his recent <a href="/wiki/Anthropological" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropological">anthropological</a> book<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> that <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migration</a> is a traditional way of life for the Hazara people, referring to the seasonal and historical migrations that have never ceased and do not seem to be dictated solely by emergencies such as war.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Due to decades of conflict in Afghanistan and <a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectarianism in Pakistan">sectarian violence in Pakistan</a>, many Hazaras have left their communities and settled in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and particularly the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> countries such as <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. Some migrate as exchange students, while others do so through human smuggling, which sometimes costs them their lives. Since 2001, about 1,000 people have died at sea while attempting to reach Australia by boat from Indonesia, many of whom were Hazaras.<a href="#cite_note-Bigg-150">[150]</a> A notable case was the <a href="/wiki/Tampa_affair" title="Tampa affair">Tampa affair</a>, in which a shipload of refugees, mostly Hazaras, was rescued by the <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> freighter <a href="/wiki/MV_Tampa" title="MV Tampa">MV Tampa</a> and subsequently sent to <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_society">Culture and society</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hazara_culture" title="Hazara culture">Hazara culture</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Afghanistan" title="Culture of Afghanistan">Culture of Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni,_1840_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%282%29.jpg/200px-Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%282%29.jpg/300px-Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%282%29.jpg/400px-Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption>Clothing of Hazara men <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1840 from villages near <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>. Painting by <a href="/wiki/James_Atkinson_(Persian_scholar)" title="James Atkinson (Persian scholar)">James Atkinson</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_girl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yellow cartouche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hazara_girl.jpg/200px-Hazara_girl.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hazara_girl.jpg/300px-Hazara_girl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hazara_girl.jpg/400px-Hazara_girl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="720" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_girl_in_Hazara_cultural_clothes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red cartouche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Hazara_girl_in_Hazara_cultural_clothes.jpg/200px-Hazara_girl_in_Hazara_cultural_clothes.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Hazara_girl_in_Hazara_cultural_clothes.jpg/300px-Hazara_girl_in_Hazara_cultural_clothes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Hazara_girl_in_Hazara_cultural_clothes.jpg/400px-Hazara_girl_in_Hazara_cultural_clothes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="604" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Hazara girls in traditional clothing</div></div></div></div> Hazara culture is a combination of customs, traditions, behaviors, beliefs, and norms that have developed over many years through interactions with and confrontations against surrounding phenomena. Today, it is displayed as a distinct cultural identity. The Hazara culture is rich in heritage, featuring many unique elements and sharing common influences with various cultures of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. Outside of Hazarajat, the Hazaras have adopted aspects of the cultures of the cities where they reside, resembling the traditions of <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Tajiks" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Tajiks">Afghan Tajiks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a>. Traditionally, the Hazaras are highland farmers. In Hazarajat, they have retained many of their own customs and traditions, which are more closely related to those of Central Asians than to those of Afghan Tajiks. Historically, Hazaras have lived in houses, but some groups, such as the <a href="/wiki/Aimaq_Hazara" title="Aimaq Hazara">Aimaq Hazara</a> and a few others, are <a href="/wiki/Semi-nomadic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-nomadic">semi-nomadic</a> and primarily reside in <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felt</a> <a href="/wiki/Yurts" class="mw-redirect" title="Yurts">yurts</a> rather than traditional homes.<a href="#cite_note-:1-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attire">Attire</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hazara_clothing" title="Hazara clothing">Hazara clothing</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Clothing in Afghanistan">Clothing in Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_clothing" title="Central Asian clothing">Central Asian clothing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_clothing" title="Islamic clothing">Islamic clothing</a></div> Hazara clothing plays an important role in supporting the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_culture" title="Hazara culture">cultural</a>, traditional, and social identity of the Hazara ethnicity. Hazara garments are produced both manually and by machine. In Afghanistan, these types of clothing are sewn in various parts of the country, especially in the central provinces.<a href="#cite_note-:12-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Male_clothing">Male clothing</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Barak_(cloth)" title="Barak (cloth)">Barak (cloth)</a></div> Hazara men traditionally wear a <a href="/wiki/Barak_(cloth)" title="Barak (cloth)">barak</a>, also called a barag, along with a <a href="/wiki/Hazara_hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara hat">hat</a>. The barak is an important component of Hazara clothing. It is a soft, thick garment made from the first wool of special sheep raised in Hazarajat. In addition to being stylish and regal, the Hazara barak is also a warm winter garment that is resistant to moisture, allowing it to remain dry in snow and rain. Furthermore, the barak has unique properties; its softness helps reduce <a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">muscle pain</a> and can provide relief for <a href="/wiki/Arthralgia" title="Arthralgia">joint pain</a>. Nowadays, the most common attire among Hazara men is the <a href="/wiki/Perahan_o_tunban" title="Perahan o tunban">perahan o tunban</a>, often paired with a hat or <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Female_clothing">Female clothing</h4></div> The traditional clothing of Hazara women includes a pleated skirt with a <a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">tunban</a> or <a href="/wiki/Undergarment" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergarment">undergarment</a>. The lower tunbans are made from fabrics such as flowered chits, while the upper skirts are crafted from finer materials like <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zari" title="Zari">zari</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Net_(textile)" title="Net (textile)">net</a>, often adorned with a border or decoration at the bottom. The women's shirt is calf-length, with a close collar and long sleeves, featuring slits on both sides that fit over the skirts, which are appreciated for their modesty in accordance with Islamic customs. Hazara women's clothing varies according to social, economic, and age factors. Young Hazara women typically wear outfits made from different fabrics in vibrant colors and cheerful designs, complemented by beautiful and colorful <a href="/wiki/Chador" title="Chador">chadors</a>. In contrast, older women prefer darker fabrics with simple black and white patterns. Hazara women's chadors or head coverings are often embellished with <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">ornaments</a>, typically made of silver or gold, and sometimes paired with a hat. The adornments on their clothing include silver or gold <a href="/wiki/Necklace" title="Necklace">necklace</a> with colorful <a href="/wiki/Bead" title="Bead">beads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Button" title="Button">buttons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangle" title="Bangle">bangles</a>, and silver or gold <a href="/wiki/Bracelet" title="Bracelet">bracelets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Headgear">Headgear</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">Headgear</a></div> Hazaras traditionally wear headgear or hats, which differ for men and women. There are various types of Hazara hats and caps; some are made from animal skin, while others are crafted from barak. Additionally, some Hazara men wear the <a href="/wiki/Turbans" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbans">turban</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hazara_cuisine" title="Hazara cuisine">Hazara cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central Asian cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South Asian cuisine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian cuisine">Persian cuisine</a></div> The Hazara cuisine is strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South Asian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian cuisine">Persian</a> cuisines. However, there are unique foods, cooking methods, and styles that are specific to the Hazara people. They also have a hospitable dining etiquette, where it is customary to prepare special food for guests.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">Hazaragi</a></div> The Hazaras speak <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">Hazaragi</a> <a href="/wiki/Persian_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian dialects">dialect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Attitudes_Towards_Hazaragi-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-hazara-4-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>, Hazaragi is a dialect of Persian infused with many Turkic and some <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a> words or loanwords.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> describes Hazaragi as an eastern variety of Persian containing numerous <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> words.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-174">[174]</a> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a> notes that Hazaras speak a Persian dialect with many Turkic and some Mongolic words.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-Afghanistan-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-Farhadi-177">[177]</a> Other sources describe the Hazara population as speaking Persian with some Mongolian words.<a href="#cite_note-Atif_Adnan-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-92">[92]</a> An Iranica article on the language of Hazaras states that the dialect consists of three linguistic layers: (1) pre-Mongol Persian, with its own substratum; (2) Mongolian; and (3) modern Tajiki, preserving elements of both (1) and (2).<a href="#cite_note-hazara-4-170">[170]</a> The primary difference between Persian and Hazaragi lies in the accent.<a href="#cite_note-hazara-4-170">[170]</a> Despite these variations, Hazaragi remains mutually intelligible with Dari,<a href="#cite_note-Attitudes_Towards_Hazaragi-169">[169]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Languages of Afghanistan">official language of Afghanistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> According to Dr. Lutfi Temirkhanov, a Doctor of Sciences, the ancestors of the Hazaras were originally Mongol-speaking<a href="#cite_note-Temirkhanov-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-TemirkhanovLutfi-85">[85]</a> and only after resettling did they begin to mix with Persian-speaking and Turkic-speaking populations. Temirkhanov explains, "Hordes of Mongol princes and feudal lords found themselves in a Persian-speaking environment; they mixed with them, were influenced by Persian-Tajik culture, and gradually adopted the Persian language."<a href="#cite_note-TemirkhanovLanguage-179">[179]</a> Some sources indicate that in the 16th century, during the time of <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>, some Hazaras still spoke a <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Массон,_Ромодин-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bartold-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-25">[25]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Encyclopedia" title="Great Russian Encyclopedia">Great Russian Encyclopedia</a> and other sources, some Hazaras continued to speak Mongolian until the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-bigenc-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vámbéry-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Petrushevsky-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Forensic_Science_International-91">[91]</a> Temirkhanov notes that Mongolian elements make up about 10% of the Hazara vocabulary,<a href="#cite_note-TemirkhanovVocabulary-180">[180]</a> while Turkic and Mongolic words together constitute approximately 20% of the vocabulary of the Hazaragi dialect.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Religion in Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Afghanistan" title="Islam in Afghanistan">Islam in Afghanistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hazara_people_of_Daykundi_in_September_20,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/The_Hazara_people_of_Daykundi_in_September_20%2C_2009.jpg/220px-The_Hazara_people_of_Daykundi_in_September_20%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/The_Hazara_people_of_Daykundi_in_September_20%2C_2009.jpg/330px-The_Hazara_people_of_Daykundi_in_September_20%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/The_Hazara_people_of_Daykundi_in_September_20%2C_2009.jpg/440px-The_Hazara_people_of_Daykundi_in_September_20%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>A gathering of Hazaras on the final day of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Daykundi_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Daykundi province">Daykundi province</a></figcaption></figure> Hazaras predominantly practice <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, with most adhering to <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'a</a> Islam, a significant portion following <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> Islam, and smaller groups practicing <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-denominational Islam">Non-denominational Islam</a>. Estimates suggest that about 90% of Hazaras in Afghanistan are Shi'a, 5% are Sunni, and 1% are Isma'ili.<a href="#cite_note-eHRAF_World_Cultures-182">[182]</a> <a href="#cite_note-culturalorientation-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-13">[13]</a> The majority of <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Afghanistan's population</a> practices Sunni Islam, which may have contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">discrimination Hazaras face</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hazara-1-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shia_Hazaras">Shia Hazaras</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazaras&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazaras&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AHazaras&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+22+November+2024+%282%29&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Hazaras">making an edit request</a>. (September 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> There is no definitive theory regarding the acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'a</a> Islam by the majority of Hazaras. It is possible that most Hazaras adopted Shi'a Islam in the early 16th century, during the initial years of the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-culturalorientation-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sunni_Hazaras">Sunni Hazaras</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg/200px-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg/300px-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg/400px-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2644" data-file-height="3525" /></a><figcaption>Sher Muhammad Khan Hazara, the chieftain of the Sunni Hazaras of <a href="/wiki/Qala_e_Naw" title="Qala e Naw">Qala e Naw, Badghis</a></figcaption></figure> A significant portion of the Hazara population are <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslims</a>. Sunni Hazaras have practiced Sunni Islam for a long time, predating <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahman Khan">Abdul Rahman</a>'s occupation of <a href="/wiki/Hazarajat" title="Hazarajat">Hazara lands</a>. However, some were converted from Shi'a to Sunni Islam following Abdur Rahman’s occupation and the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_genocide_(19th_century)" title="Hazara genocide (19th century)">Hazara uprisings of 1888–1893</a>. In Afghanistan, they primarily inhabit the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Kabul_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabul province">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghlan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghlan province">Baghlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badghis_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Badghis province">Badghis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghor_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghor province">Ghor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunduz province">Kunduz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjshir province">Panjshir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamyan province">Bamyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Badakhshan province">Badakhshan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parwan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Parwan province">Parwan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Sher Muhammad Khan Hazara, a Sunni Hazara and <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">chieftain</a> of the Hazaras of <a href="/wiki/Qala_e_Naw" title="Qala e Naw">Qala e Naw</a> in <a href="/wiki/Badghis_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Badghis province">Badghis province</a>, was a warlord who participated in the Sunni coalition that defended <a href="/wiki/Herat_(1793%E2%80%931863)" title="Herat (1793–1863)">Herat in 1837</a>. He was also one of those who defeated British forces around <a href="/wiki/Qandahar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qandahar">Qandahar</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Maiwand" title="Maiwand">Maiwand desert</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1838–1842).<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Isma'ili_Hazaras">Isma'ili Hazaras</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili</a> Hazaras primarily reside in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Kabul_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabul province">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parwan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Parwan province">Parwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghlan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghlan province">Baghlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamyan province">Bamyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maidan_Wardak_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Maidan Wardak province">Maidan Wardak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samangan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Samangan province">Samangan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zabul_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabul province">Zabul</a>. They have historically been separated from other Hazaras due to religious beliefs and <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">political reasons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hazara_tribes">Hazara tribes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hazara_tribes" title="List of Hazara tribes">List of Hazara tribes</a></div> The Hazara people are organized into various <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribes</a>. Some prominent Hazara tribes include <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ali_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Sheikh Ali (Hazara tribe)">Sheikh Ali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaghori_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Jaghori (Hazara tribe)">Jaghori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaghatu_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Jaghatu (Hazara tribe)">Jaghatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qara_Baghi_(Hazara_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qara Baghi (Hazara tribe)">Qara Baghi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_Province" title="Ghazni Province">Ghaznichi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khwaja" title="Muhammad Khwaja">Muhammad Khwaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behsudi_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Behsudi (Hazara tribe)">Behsudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dai_Mirdad_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Dai Mirdad (Hazara tribe)">Daimirdadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmun_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Turkmun (Hazara tribe)">Turkmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruzgani_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Uruzgani (Hazara tribe)">Uruzgani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daikundi_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Daikundi (Hazara tribe)">Daikundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daizangi_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Daizangi (Hazara tribe)">Daizangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dai_Chopan_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Dai Chopan (Hazara tribe)">Daichopan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daizinyat_(Hazara_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daizinyat (Hazara tribe)">Daizinyat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qarlugh_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Qarlugh (Hazara tribe)">Qarlugh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aimaq_Hazara" title="Aimaq Hazara">Aimaq Hazara</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> These tribes originate from <a href="/wiki/Hazaristan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaristan">Hazaristan</a> (Hazara regions) such as <a href="/wiki/Parwan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Parwan province">Parwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamyan province">Bamyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghazni province">Ghazni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghor_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghor province">Ghor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruzgan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruzgan province">Uruzgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daikundi_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Daikundi province">Daikundi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maidan_Wardak_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Maidan Wardak province">Maidan Wardak</a>. They are spread across Afghanistan, parts of Pakistan and Iran, as well as other Hazara-populated areas.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawood_Sarkhush.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Dawood_Sarkhush.jpg/200px-Dawood_Sarkhush.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Dawood_Sarkhush.jpg/300px-Dawood_Sarkhush.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Dawood_Sarkhush.jpg/400px-Dawood_Sarkhush.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dawood_Sarkhosh" title="Dawood Sarkhosh">Dawood Sarkhosh</a>, a folklore Hazara musician</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb_Hazara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb_Hazara.jpg/200px-Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb_Hazara.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb_Hazara.jpg/300px-Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb_Hazara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb_Hazara.jpg/400px-Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb_Hazara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4492" data-file-height="4492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb" title="Faiz Muhammad Kateb">Faiz Muhammad Kateb</a>, a prominent writer and historian</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Writers_and_poets">Writers and poets</h4></div> Some well-known Hazara writers and poets include <a href="/wiki/Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb" title="Faiz Muhammad Kateb">Faiz Muhammad Kateb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amir_Khosrow_Dehlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir Khosrow Dehlavi">Amir Khosrow Dehlavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ismael_Balkhi" title="Ismael Balkhi">Ismael Balkhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Poladi" title="Hassan Poladi">Hassan Poladi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazim_Yazdani" title="Kazim Yazdani">Kazim Yazdani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mohaqiq_Nasab" title="Ali Mohaqiq Nasab">Ali Mohaqiq Nasab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamran_Mir_Hazar" title="Kamran Mir Hazar">Kamran Mir Hazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basir_Ahang" title="Basir Ahang">Basir Ahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayed_Askar_Mousavi" title="Sayed Askar Mousavi">Sayed Askar Mousavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Baba_Taj" title="Ali Baba Taj">Ali Baba Taj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayed_Abutalib_Mozaffari" title="Sayed Abutalib Mozaffari">Sayed Abutalib Mozaffari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahnaward_Zaryab" title="Rahnaward Zaryab">Rahnaward Zaryab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Royesh" title="Aziz Royesh">Aziz Royesh</a>, among others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music">Music</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Central_Asia" title="Music of Central Asia">Music of Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan" title="Music of Afghanistan">Music of Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dambura" class="mw-redirect" title="Dambura">Dambura</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ghaychak" title="Ghaychak">Ghaychak</a></div> Many Hazara musicians are widely recognized for their skill in playing the <a href="/wiki/Dambura" class="mw-redirect" title="Dambura">dambura</a>, a native lute instrument also found in other Central Asian countries such as <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>. Notable Hazara musicians and dambura players include <a href="/wiki/Sarwar_Sarkhosh" title="Sarwar Sarkhosh">Sarwar Sarkhosh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawood_Sarkhosh" title="Dawood Sarkhosh">Dawood Sarkhosh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safdar_Tawakoli" title="Safdar Tawakoli">Safdar Tawakoli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sayed_Anwar_Azad" title="Sayed Anwar Azad">Sayed Anwar Azad</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-:1-161">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_song" title="Revolutionary song">Revolutionary hymns</a> are particularly common in Hazara dambura music, with Sarwar Sarkhosh being the first singer to popularize them. His main message centered on the uprising of the younger generation and the fight against oppression.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Ghaychak" title="Ghaychak">ghaychak</a>, a traditional field instrument, is played similarly to a fiddle. Its resonance bowl is typically made from walnuts or berries, and its strings are metal, making it one of the <a href="/wiki/Stringed_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Stringed instruments">stringed instruments</a> in Hazara music.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Renowned <a href="/wiki/Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani">Pakistani</a> musician <a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Fateh_Ali_Khan" title="Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan">Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan</a> is also a descendant of the Hazara from the <a href="/wiki/Behsudi_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Behsudi (Hazara tribe)">Behsudi</a> tribe. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cinema">Cinema</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shamila_Shirzad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Shamila_Shirzad.jpg/200px-Shamila_Shirzad.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Shamila_Shirzad.jpg/300px-Shamila_Shirzad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Shamila_Shirzad.jpg/400px-Shamila_Shirzad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shamila_Shirzad" title="Shamila Shirzad">Shamila Shirzad</a>, Actress</figcaption></figure> Hazara <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">cinema</a> artists do not have a long history, but some of their famous actors and actresses today include <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Sadiqi" title="Hussain Sadiqi">Hussain Sadiqi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abid_Ali_Nazish" title="Abid Ali Nazish">Abid Ali Nazish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shamila_Shirzad" title="Shamila Shirzad">Shamila Shirzad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikbakht_Noruz" title="Nikbakht Noruz">Nikbakht Noruz</a>, and others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Afghanistan" title="Sport in Afghanistan">Sport in Afghanistan</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rohullah_Nikpai_speaking_in_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rohullah_Nikpai_speaking_in_2012.jpg/200px-Rohullah_Nikpai_speaking_in_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rohullah_Nikpai_speaking_in_2012.jpg/300px-Rohullah_Nikpai_speaking_in_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rohullah_Nikpai_speaking_in_2012.jpg/400px-Rohullah_Nikpai_speaking_in_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rohullah_Nikpai" title="Rohullah Nikpai">Rohullah Nikpai</a>, two-time Olympic bronze medalist in the sport of Taekwondo</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hussain_Sadiqi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hussain_Sadiqi.jpg/200px-Hussain_Sadiqi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hussain_Sadiqi.jpg/300px-Hussain_Sadiqi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hussain_Sadiqi.jpg/400px-Hussain_Sadiqi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Sadiqi" title="Hussain Sadiqi">Hussain Sadiqi</a>, a martial artist and actor</figcaption></figure> Many Hazaras engage in various sports, including <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">wushu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">Jujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, and more. <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ebrahim_Khedri" title="Mohammad Ebrahim Khedri">Pahlawan Ebrahim Khedri</a>, a 62 kg wrestler, was the national champion in Afghanistan for two decades. Another famous Hazara wrestler, <a href="/wiki/Wakil_Hussain_Allahdad" title="Wakil Hussain Allahdad">Wakil Hussain Allahdad</a>, was killed in the <a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">suicide bombing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dashte_Barchi" title="Dashte Barchi">Dashte Barchi</a>, Kabul, on 22 April 2018.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rohullah_Nikpai" title="Rohullah Nikpai">Rohullah Nikpai</a>, won a <a href="/wiki/Bronze_medal" title="Bronze medal">bronze medal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a> at the 2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">Beijing Olympics</a>, defeating world champion <a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Ramos" title="Juan Antonio Ramos">Juan Antonio Ramos</a> of Spain 4–1 in the playoff final. This achievement marked Afghanistan's first-ever Olympic medal. He then won a second Olympic medal for Afghanistan at the London 2012 Games.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Another notable Hazara athlete, Sayed Abdul Jalil Waiz, was the first <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a> player to represent Afghanistan in the Asian Junior Championships in 2005, where he secured the first win for his country against Iraq with scores of 15–13 and 15–1. He has participated in several international championships since 2005, achieving victories against competitors from <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Rahimi" title="Hamid Rahimi">Hamid Rahimi</a> is a Hazara boxer from Afghanistan who currently lives in Germany. <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Sadiqi" title="Hussain Sadiqi">Hussain Sadiqi</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Hazara_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara Australian">Hazara Australian</a> martial artist who won an award for the best <a href="/wiki/Stage_combat" title="Stage combat">fight scene</a> in an Australian-made action movie. Hazara football players include <a href="/wiki/Zohib_Islam_Amiri" title="Zohib Islam Amiri">Zohib Islam Amiri</a>, who currently plays for the <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_national_football_team" title="Afghanistan national football team">Afghanistan national football team</a>; <a href="/wiki/Moshtaq_Yaqoubi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshtaq Yaqoubi">Moshtaq Yaqoubi</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_Finland" title="Afghans in Finland">Afghan-Finnish</a> footballer who plays for <a href="/wiki/HIFK_Fotboll" title="HIFK Fotboll">HIFK</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Amini" title="Mustafa Amini">Mustafa Amini</a>, a Hazara Australian footballer who plays as a <a href="/wiki/Midfielder" title="Midfielder">midfielder</a> for <a href="/wiki/Danish_Superliga" title="Danish Superliga">Danish Superliga</a> club <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_Gymnastikforening" title="Aarhus Gymnastikforening">AGF</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Australia men's national soccer team">Australian national team</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rahmat_Akbari" title="Rahmat Akbari">Rahmat Akbari</a>, an Australian footballer who plays as a midfielder for <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Roar_FC" title="Brisbane Roar FC">Brisbane Roar</a>. Other notable players include <a href="/wiki/Roholla_Iqbalzadeh" title="Roholla Iqbalzadeh">Rohullah Iqbalzada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omran_Haydary" title="Omran Haydary">Omran Haydary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zelfy_Nazary" title="Zelfy Nazary">Zelfy Nazary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moshtaq_Ahmadi" title="Moshtaq Ahmadi">Moshtaq Ahmadi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zahra_Mahmoodi" title="Zahra Mahmoodi">Zahra Mahmoodi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Some Hazaras from Pakistan have also excelled in sports and received numerous awards, particularly in boxing, football, and <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a>. Pakistani Hazara <a href="/wiki/Abrar_Hussain_(boxer)" title="Abrar Hussain (boxer)">Abrar Hussain</a>, a former Olympic boxer, served as the deputy director-general of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Sports_Board" title="Pakistan Sports Board">Pakistan Sports Board</a>. He represented Pakistan three times at the Olympics and won a gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">1990 Asian Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. Another Hazara boxer from Pakistan is <a href="/wiki/Haider_Ali_(boxer)" title="Haider Ali (boxer)">Haider Ali</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> gold medalist and <a href="/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Featherweight" title="Boxing at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Featherweight">Olympian</a> who is currently retired. Former captain of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_national_football_team" title="Pakistan national football team">Pakistan national football team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qayyum_Changezi" title="Qayyum Changezi">Qayyum Changezi</a>, was the second Pakistani footballer to score a hat trick in an international game.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-195">[195]</a> New Hazara youngsters are emerging in football in Pakistan, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_(footballer,_born_1989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali (footballer, born 1989)">Muhammad Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajab_Ali_(footballer)" title="Rajab Ali (footballer)">Rajab Ali Hazara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Another notable figure is <a href="/wiki/Kulsoom_Hazara" title="Kulsoom Hazara">Kulsoom Hazara</a>, a Pakistani female karate champion who has won several gold, silver, and bronze medals on national and international stages, including the <a href="/wiki/Pride_of_Performance" title="Pride of Performance">Pride of Pakistan Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> Other notable Hazaras in karate include <a href="/wiki/Nargis_Hameedullah" title="Nargis Hameedullah">Nargis Hameedullah</a>, who became the first Pakistani woman to win an individual medal (a bronze) at the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a> karate championship, and <a href="/wiki/Shahida_Abbasi" title="Shahida Abbasi">Shahida Abbasi</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_sports">Cultural sports</h3></div> The cultural sports of the Hazara people are those that have been passed down through generations from their ancestors. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buzkashi_(5458890874).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Buzkashi_%285458890874%29.jpg/200px-Buzkashi_%285458890874%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Buzkashi_%285458890874%29.jpg/300px-Buzkashi_%285458890874%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Buzkashi_%285458890874%29.jpg/400px-Buzkashi_%285458890874%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1867" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Buzkashi in Afghanistan</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a> is a Central Asian sport in which horse-mounted players attempt to place a <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Calf_(animal)" title="Calf (animal)">calf</a> carcass into a goal. It is the national sport of Afghanistan and is one of the cultural sports of the Hazara people, who continue to practice this sport in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tirandāzi">Tirandāzi</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Tirandāzi</a> is a form of archery and an ancient cultural sport of the Hazaras.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pahlawani">Pahlawani</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pahlawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlawani">Pahlawani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Pahlawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlawani">Pahlawani</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Kushti" title="Kushti">Kushti</a>, is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> sport practiced by the Hazaras. It has a long history in Afghanistan and is particularly significant among the Hazara community. During holidays, Pahlawani fields are set up for competitions, which are held across different age groups. This cultural sport features its own unique techniques. Due to its ancient roots and familiarity, Pahlawani has been passed down from generation to generation among the Hazaras.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hazara_people" title="List of Hazara people">List of Hazara people</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Flags</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazaristan_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Hazaristan"><img alt="Flag of Hazaristan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hazaristan_Flag.svg/360px-Hazaristan_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hazaristan_Flag.svg/540px-Hazaristan_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hazaristan_Flag.svg/720px-Hazaristan_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hazaristan" title="Flag of Hazaristan">Flag of Hazaristan</a></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Pictures</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_military_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazara men in the uniform of the National Army of Afghanistan"><img alt="Hazara men in the uniform of the National Army of Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Hazara_military_in_Afghanistan.jpg/219px-Hazara_military_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Hazara_military_in_Afghanistan.jpg/329px-Hazara_military_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Hazara_military_in_Afghanistan.jpg/438px-Hazara_military_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="878" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hazara men in the uniform of the <a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Army of Afghanistan">National Army of Afghanistan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 258px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 256px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_people_of_Kabul,_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazara young men in Kabul"><img alt="Hazara young men in Kabul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazara_people_of_Kabul%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/384px-Hazara_people_of_Kabul%2C_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazara_people_of_Kabul%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/576px-Hazara_people_of_Kabul%2C_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Hazara_people_of_Kabul%2C_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="450" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hazara young men in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_man.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An elderly Hazara man"><img alt="An elderly Hazara man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Hazara_man.jpg/360px-Hazara_man.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Hazara_man.jpg/540px-Hazara_man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Hazara_man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An elderly Hazara man</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Alauddini_Hazaras.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alauddini Hazaras in Ghazni province"><img alt="Alauddini Hazaras in Ghazni province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Alauddini_Hazaras.jpg/334px-Alauddini_Hazaras.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Alauddini_Hazaras.jpg/500px-Alauddini_Hazaras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Alauddini_Hazaras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="475" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hazara_tribes" title="List of Hazara tribes">Alauddini</a> Hazaras in <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghazni province">Ghazni province</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazaras_men,_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazara men on the anniversary of the death of Abdul Ali Mazari in Kabul"><img alt="Hazara men on the anniversary of the death of Abdul Ali Mazari in Kabul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hazaras_men%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/338px-Hazaras_men%2C_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hazaras_men%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/508px-Hazaras_men%2C_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hazaras_men%2C_Afghanistan.jpg/677px-Hazaras_men%2C_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="481" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hazara men on the anniversary of the death of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari" title="Abdul Ali Mazari">Abdul Ali Mazari</a> in Kabul</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_schoolboys_in_Afghanistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazara schoolboys in Afghanistan"><img alt="Hazara schoolboys in Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hazara_schoolboys_in_Afghanistan.jpg/279px-Hazara_schoolboys_in_Afghanistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hazara_schoolboys_in_Afghanistan.jpg/419px-Hazara_schoolboys_in_Afghanistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hazara_schoolboys_in_Afghanistan.jpg/559px-Hazara_schoolboys_in_Afghanistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="538" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hazara schoolboys in Afghanistan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaghori_mission_DVIDS304682.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two Hazara children and a US soldier in Jaghori"><img alt="Two Hazara children and a US soldier in Jaghori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jaghori_mission_DVIDS304682.jpg/336px-Jaghori_mission_DVIDS304682.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jaghori_mission_DVIDS304682.jpg/504px-Jaghori_mission_DVIDS304682.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jaghori_mission_DVIDS304682.jpg/672px-Jaghori_mission_DVIDS304682.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two Hazara children and a US soldier in <a href="/wiki/Jaghori_District" title="Jaghori District">Jaghori</a> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Cultural</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 174.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 172.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Schoolgirls_in_Ghazni,_Afghanistan_in_March_8,_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazara girls from Ghazni province"><img alt="Hazara girls from Ghazni province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Schoolgirls_in_Ghazni%2C_Afghanistan_in_March_8%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/259px-Schoolgirls_in_Ghazni%2C_Afghanistan_in_March_8%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Schoolgirls_in_Ghazni%2C_Afghanistan_in_March_8%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/389px-Schoolgirls_in_Ghazni%2C_Afghanistan_in_March_8%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Schoolgirls_in_Ghazni%2C_Afghanistan_in_March_8%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/518px-Schoolgirls_in_Ghazni%2C_Afghanistan_in_March_8%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1742" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hazara girls from Ghazni province</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_young_Hazara_boy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazara boy in cultural clothing with a dambura"><img alt="Hazara boy in cultural clothing with a dambura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Little_young_Hazara_boy.jpg/320px-Little_young_Hazara_boy.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Little_young_Hazara_boy.jpg/480px-Little_young_Hazara_boy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Little_young_Hazara_boy.jpg/640px-Little_young_Hazara_boy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hazara boy in cultural clothing with a dambura</div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Historical</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wullie_Mohammed_a_Dahzungi_Hazara_1879.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An 1879 portrait of a Daizangi Hazara man"><img alt="An 1879 portrait of a Daizangi Hazara man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wullie_Mohammed_a_Dahzungi_Hazara_1879.jpg/159px-Wullie_Mohammed_a_Dahzungi_Hazara_1879.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wullie_Mohammed_a_Dahzungi_Hazara_1879.jpg/239px-Wullie_Mohammed_a_Dahzungi_Hazara_1879.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wullie_Mohammed_a_Dahzungi_Hazara_1879.jpg/318px-Wullie_Mohammed_a_Dahzungi_Hazara_1879.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="904" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An 1879 portrait of a <a href="/wiki/Daizangi_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Daizangi (Hazara tribe)">Daizangi</a> Hazara man</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 109.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 107.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni,_1840_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hazara men from villages near Ghazni, c. 1840, painting by James Atkinson"><img alt="Hazara men from villages near Ghazni, c. 1840, painting by James Atkinson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%281%29.jpg/161px-Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%281%29.jpg/242px-Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%281%29.jpg/323px-Hazara_men_from_villages_near_Ghazni%2C_1840_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="1736" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hazara men from villages near <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1840, painting by <a href="/wiki/James_Atkinson_(Persian_scholar)" title="James Atkinson (Persian scholar)">James Atkinson</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara_(seated_second_from_the_right)_next_to_his_brothers_and_uncles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Il-e Hazara (Persian: ایل هزاره) from Iran"><img alt="Il-e Hazara (Persian: ایل هزاره) from Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara_%28seated_second_from_the_right%29_next_to_his_brothers_and_uncles.jpg/198px-Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara_%28seated_second_from_the_right%29_next_to_his_brothers_and_uncles.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara_%28seated_second_from_the_right%29_next_to_his_brothers_and_uncles.jpg/297px-Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara_%28seated_second_from_the_right%29_next_to_his_brothers_and_uncles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara_%28seated_second_from_the_right%29_next_to_his_brothers_and_uncles.jpg/396px-Sulat_al-Sultanah_Hazara_%28seated_second_from_the_right%29_next_to_his_brothers_and_uncles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="1841" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Il-e Hazara (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: ایل هزاره) from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hazaras</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazara_people_portal_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hazara_people_portal_logo.png/100px-Hazara_people_portal_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hazara_people_portal_logo.png/150px-Hazara_people_portal_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hazara_people_portal_logo.png/200px-Hazara_people_portal_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara people">Hazara people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hazara_people" title="List of Hazara people">list of</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazarajat" title="Hazarajat">Hazarajat region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_diaspora" title="Hazara diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Persecutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hazaristan" title="Flag of Hazaristan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_nationalism" title="Hazara nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li></ul> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hazara_political_parties" title="Category:Hazara political parties">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hazara_writers" title="Category:Hazara writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hazara_poets" title="Category:Hazara poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hazara_military_personnel" title="Category:Hazara military personnel">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hazara_religious_leaders" title="Category:Hazara religious leaders">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hazara_sportspeople" title="Category:Hazara sportspeople">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Hazara_people" title="Category:Battles involving the Hazara people">Battles</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> WikiProject <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hazara_people" title="Category:Hazara people">Category</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hazara_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hazara people">Commons</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_nationalism" title="Hazara nationalism">Hazara nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Central_Asia" title="Demographics of Central Asia">Demographics of Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_Hazara" title="Aimaq Hazara">Aimaq Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghols" class="mw-redirect" title="Moghols">Moghols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a> - another Turkic-Mongolic people in China</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan-53047853">"سرور دانش درصد جمعیت شیعه و هزاره را در گزارش دولت آمریکا نادرست خواند"</a>. 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(1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booksite.ru/etnogr/1968/1968_1.pdf">"О некоторых спорных вопросах этнической истории хазарейского народа"</a>. Советская этнография. 1. P. 86. In Russian: "...монгольские отряды, оставленные в Афганистане Чингиз-ханом или его преемниками, стали исходным пластом, основой хазарейского этногенеза. " </li> <li id="cite_note-Bacon-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bacon_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bacon_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bacon_22-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacon1951" class="citation book cs1">Bacon, Elizabeth Emaline (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lkVIAQAAMAAJ">The Hazara Mongols of Afghanistan: A Study in Social Organization</a>. 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До 19 в. говорили на монг. языке." </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmadi1997" class="citation journal cs1">Emadi, Hafizullah (September 1997). "The Hazaras and their role in the process of political transformation in Afghanistan". 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Retrieved December 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=HAZ%C4%80RA&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft.aulast=Khazeni&rft.aufirst=Arash&rft.au=Monsutti%2C+Alessandro&rft.au=Kieffer%2C+Charles+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhazara-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFدلجو2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">دلجو, عباس (2018). <bdi lang="fa">تاریخ باستانی هزاره‌ها</bdi>. کابل، افغانستان: موسسه انتشارات مقصوی، کابل. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9936-624-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9936-624-00-9"><bdi>978-9936-624-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7&rft.place=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%8C+%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%8C+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9936-624-00-9&rft.aulast=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88&rft.aufirst=%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonsutti2017" class="citation cs2">Monsutti, Alessandro (2017-07-01), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/hazaras-COM_30419">"Hazāras"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>, THREE, Brill, retrieved 2022-05-07, <q>The Hazāras are a principal component of the population of Afghanistan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haz%C4%81ras&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+THREE&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017-07-01&rft.aulast=Monsutti&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-3%2Fhazaras-COM_30419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2012" class="citation cs2">Bosworth, C. E. (2012-04-24), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hazaras-SIM_8617?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&s.q=Hazaras">"Hazāras"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>, Second Edition, Brill, retrieved 2022-05-08, <q>The Hazāras are almost certainly an Ethnically mixed group, whose components may or may not be related to each other.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haz%C4%81ras&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fhazaras-SIM_8617%3Fs.num%3D0%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia%2Bof%2BIslam%26s.q%3DHazaras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFدلجو2018" class="citation book cs1">دلجو, عباس (2018). تاریخ باستانی هزاره‌ها. کابل، افغانستان: موسسه انتشارات مقصوی، کابل. pp. 37, 167, 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9936-624-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9936-624-00-9"><bdi>978-9936-624-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7&rft.place=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%8C+%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.pages=37%2C+167%2C+257&rft.pub=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%8C+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9936-624-00-9&rft.aulast=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88&rft.aufirst=%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabur1826" class="citation book cs1">Babur, (Emperor of Hindustan) (1826). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ztbAAAAQAAJ&q=turkoman+hazaras&pg=PA173">Memoirs of Zehir-Ed-Din Muhammed Baber: Emperor of Hindustan</a>. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Zehir-Ed-Din+Muhammed+Baber%3A+Emperor+of+Hindustan&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Rees%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+and+Green&rft.date=1826&rft.aulast=Babur&rft.aufirst=%28Emperor+of+Hindustan%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ztbAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dturkoman%2Bhazaras%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartlJones2009" class="citation book cs1">Hartl, Daniel L.; Jones, Elizabeth W. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cfvILxY9tCIC">Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes</a>. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 262. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-5868-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-5868-4"><bdi>978-0-7637-5868-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genetics%3A+Analysis+of+Genes+and+Genomes&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-5868-4&rft.aulast=Hartl&rft.aufirst=Daniel+L.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Elizabeth+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcfvILxY9tCIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CruzVitalisSégurelAusterlitz2011" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Vitalis, Renaud; Ségurel, Laure; Austerlitz, Frédéric; Georges, Myriam; Théry, Sylvain; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Hegay, Tatyana; Aldashev, Almaz; Nasyrova, Firuza; Heyer, Evelyne (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">"In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations"</a>. European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (2): 216–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153">10.1038/ejhg.2010.153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5438">1476-5438</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">3025785</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20823912">20823912</a>. <q>Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=In+the+heartland+of+Eurasia%3A+the+multilocus+genetic+landscape+of+Central+Asian+populations&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=216-223&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1476-5438&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20823912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Cruz&rft.aufirst=Bego%C3%B1a&rft.au=Vitalis%2C+Renaud&rft.au=S%C3%A9gurel%2C+Laure&rft.au=Austerlitz%2C+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Georges%2C+Myriam&rft.au=Th%C3%A9ry%2C+Sylvain&rft.au=Quintana-Murci%2C+Lluis&rft.au=Hegay%2C+Tatyana&rft.au=Aldashev%2C+Almaz&rft.au=Nasyrova%2C+Firuza&rft.au=Heyer%2C+Evelyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenAdnanRakhaWang2019" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Pengyu; Adnan, Atif; Rakha, Allah; Wang, Mengge; Zou, Xing; Mo, Xiaodan; He, Guanglin (2019-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483">"Population background exploration and genetic distribution analysis of Pakistan Hazara via 23 autosomal STRs"</a>. Annals of Human Biology. 46 (6): 514–518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483">10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0301-4460">0301-4460</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31559868">31559868</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:203569169">203569169</a>. <q>Overall, we genotyped 25 forensic-related markers in 261 Quetta Hazara individuals and provided the first batch of 23-autosomal STRs for forensic genetics and population genetics research. 23-autosomal STRs included in Huaxia Platinum were polymorphic in the Hazara population and could be used as powerful tool for forensic investigations. Population genetic comparisons based on two datasets via PCA, MDS and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction consistently indicated that the Quetta Hazara in Pakistan shared significant genetic components with Central Asians, especially for Turkic-speaking populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Population+background+exploration+and+genetic+distribution+analysis+of+Pakistan+Hazara+via+23+autosomal+STRs&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=514-518&rft.date=2019-08-18&rft.issn=0301-4460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A203569169%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31559868&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Pengyu&rft.au=Adnan%2C+Atif&rft.au=Rakha%2C+Allah&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mengge&rft.au=Zou%2C+Xing&rft.au=Mo%2C+Xiaodan&rft.au=He%2C+Guanglin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2012" class="citation cs2">Bosworth, C. E. (2012-04-24), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/hazaras-SIM_8617?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&s.q=Hazaras">"Hazāras"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>, Second Edition, Brill, retrieved 2022-05-08</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Haz%C4%81ras&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fhazaras-SIM_8617%3Fs.num%3D0%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.cluster.Encyclopaedia%2Bof%2BIslam%26s.q%3DHazaras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-71"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-2">"HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY – Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. Iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-03-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HAZ%C4%80RA+ii.+HISTORY+%E2%80%93+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.pub=Iranicaonline.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhazara-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Babur-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Babur_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babur_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babur_72-2">c</a> Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad Babur (1921).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rarebooksocietyofindia.org/book_archive/196174216674_10156335502831675.pdf">"Memoirs Of Zehir-Ed-Din Muhammed Babur. Volume 1."</a>. Oxford University Press. Pages 44, 243, 279." </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CruzVitalisSégurelAusterlitz2011" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Vitalis, Renaud; Ségurel, Laure; Austerlitz, Frédéric; Georges, Myriam; Théry, Sylvain; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Hegay, Tatyana; Aldashev, Almaz; Nasyrova, Firuza; Heyer, Evelyne (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">"In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations"</a>. European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (2): 216–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153">10.1038/ejhg.2010.153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5438">1476-5438</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">3025785</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20823912">20823912</a>. <q>Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=In+the+heartland+of+Eurasia%3A+the+multilocus+genetic+landscape+of+Central+Asian+populations&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=216-223&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1476-5438&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20823912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Cruz&rft.aufirst=Bego%C3%B1a&rft.au=Vitalis%2C+Renaud&rft.au=S%C3%A9gurel%2C+Laure&rft.au=Austerlitz%2C+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Georges%2C+Myriam&rft.au=Th%C3%A9ry%2C+Sylvain&rft.au=Quintana-Murci%2C+Lluis&rft.au=Hegay%2C+Tatyana&rft.au=Aldashev%2C+Almaz&rft.au=Nasyrova%2C+Firuza&rft.au=Heyer%2C+Evelyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pengyu_Chen2-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Pengyu_Chen2_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenAdnanRakhaWang2019" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Pengyu; Adnan, Atif; Rakha, Allah; Wang, Mengge; Zou, Xing; Mo, Xiaodan; He, Guanglin (2019-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483">"Population background exploration and genetic distribution analysis of Pakistan Hazara via 23 autosomal STRs"</a>. Annals of Human Biology. 46 (6): 514–518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483">10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0301-4460">0301-4460</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31559868">31559868</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:203569169">203569169</a>. <q>Overall, we genotyped 25 forensic-related markers in 261 Quetta Hazara individuals and provided the first batch of 23-autosomal STRs for forensic genetics and population genetics research. 23-autosomal STRs included in Huaxia Platinum were polymorphic in the Hazara population and could be used as powerful tool for forensic investigations. Population genetic comparisons based on two datasets via PCA, MDS and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction consistently indicated that the Quetta Hazara in Pakistan shared significant genetic components with Central Asians, especially for Turkic-speaking populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Population+background+exploration+and+genetic+distribution+analysis+of+Pakistan+Hazara+via+23+autosomal+STRs&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=514-518&rft.date=2019-08-18&rft.issn=0301-4460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A203569169%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31559868&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Pengyu&rft.au=Adnan%2C+Atif&rft.au=Rakha%2C+Allah&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mengge&rft.au=Zou%2C+Xing&rft.au=Mo%2C+Xiaodan&rft.au=He%2C+Guanglin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFدلجو2018" class="citation book cs1">دلجو, عباس (2018). تاریخ باستانی هزاره‌ها. کابل، افغانستان: موسسه انتشارات مقصوی، کابل. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9936-624-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9936-624-00-9"><bdi>978-9936-624-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7&rft.place=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%8C+%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%8C+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9936-624-00-9&rft.aulast=%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88&rft.aufirst=%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabur1987" class="citation book cs1">Babur, Z. M. (1987). Babur-nama. Lahore. pp. 300, 207, 214, 218, 221, 251–53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babur-nama&rft.place=Lahore&rft.pages=300%2C+207%2C+214%2C+218%2C+221%2C+251-53&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Babur&rft.aufirst=Z.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabur1826" class="citation book cs1">Babur, Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad (1826). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ztbAAAAQAAJ&q=turkoman+hazaras&pg=PA173">Memoirs of Zehir-Ed-Din Muhammed Baber: Emperor of Hindustan</a>. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Zehir-Ed-Din+Muhammed+Baber%3A+Emperor+of+Hindustan&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Rees%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+and+Green&rft.date=1826&rft.aulast=Babur&rft.aufirst=Zah%C4%ABr+ud-D%C4%ABn+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ztbAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dturkoman%2Bhazaras%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> B. Campbell, Disappearing people? Indigenous groups and ethnic minorities in South and Central Asia in Barbara Brower, Barbara Rose Johnston (Ed.) International Mountain Society, California, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-BaconSWJA-79"><a href="#cite_ref-BaconSWJA_79-0">^</a> Elizabeth E. Bacon. (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3628602">"The Inquiry into the History of the Hazara Mongols of Afghanistan"</a>. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. Vol. 7. No. 3. pp. 230–247. </li> <li id="cite_note-Barbara_A._West-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Barbara_A._West_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2010" class="citation book cs1">West, Barbara A. West (2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-1913-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1913-7&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.+West&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Averyanov-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Averyanov_81-0">^</a> Аверьянов Ю. А. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=31199912">"Хазарейцы - ираноязычные монголы Афганистана""</a>. Мир Центральной Азии. pp. 110–117. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sattsayev-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Sattsayev_82-0">^</a> Сатцаев Э. Б. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32679342">"Монголы-хазарейцы Афганистана и аспекты "народного шиизма""</a>. Единая Калмыкия в единой России: через века в будущее. pp. 413–415. </li> <li id="cite_note-Temirkhanov1968-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Temirkhanov1968_83-0">^</a> Temirkhanov L. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booksite.ru/etnogr/1968/1968_1.pdf">"О некоторых спорных вопросах этнической истории хазарейского народа"</a>. Советская этнография. 1. P. 94. In Russian: "тюркские элементы ... по сравнению с монгольскими ... играли второстепенную роль." </li> <li id="cite_note-TemirkhanovL-84"><a href="#cite_ref-TemirkhanovL_84-0">^</a> Temirkhanov L. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booksite.ru/etnogr/1968/1968_1.pdf">"О некоторых спорных вопросах этнической истории хазарейского народа"</a>. Советская этнография. 1. P. 91. In Russian: "Ближайшие соседи хазарейцев – гильзаи – называли и называют их «монголы»." </li> <li id="cite_note-TemirkhanovLutfi-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TemirkhanovLutfi_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TemirkhanovLutfi_85-1">b</a> Temirkhanov L. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booksite.ru/etnogr/1968/1968_1.pdf">"О некоторых спорных вопросах этнической истории хазарейского народа"</a>. Советская этнография. 1. P. 91. In Russian: "Об участии монголов в этногенезе хазарейцев свидетельствуют и данные лингвистики... также исторические источники (например, «Записки Бабура») и данные топонимики" </li> <li id="cite_note-Sabitov-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Sabitov_86-0">^</a> Sabitov Zh. M. (2011).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/13606642/Происхождение_хазарейцев_с_точки_зрения_ДНК-генеалогии_Russian_Journal_of_Genetic_Genealogy._Русская_версия_2010._Том_2._1._С.37-40">"Происхождение хазарейцев с точки зрения ДНК-генеалогии"</a>. The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy. 2 (1): pp. 37–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bartold-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bartold_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bartold_87-1">b</a> Бартольд. В. В. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7o1VDwAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B&pg=PA162">Ислам. Культура мусульманства.</a> Москва: Litres. p. 162. In Russian: "...еще в XVI веке говорили хазарейцы по-монгольски в северной части Афганистана..." </li> <li id="cite_note-Vámbéry-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vámbéry_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vámbéry_88-1">b</a> Ármin Vámbéry (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus12/Vambery/text6.htm">Путешествие по Средней Азии.</a> Москва: Восточная литература. In Russian: "Говорят, что хазарейцы ... были перевезены Чингисханом из Монголии, своей прародины, на юг Средней Азии и благодаря влиянию шаха Аббаса II обращены в шиизм. Поразительно, что они заменили свой родной язык персидским, который даже в населенных ими областях не повсеместно распространен, и лишь небольшая часть, оставшаяся изолированной в горах поблизости от Герата и уже несколько столетий занимающаяся выжиганием угля, говорит на некоем жаргоне монгольского языка." </li> <li id="cite_note-Массон,_Ромодин-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Массон,_Ромодин_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Массон,_Ромодин_89-1">b</a> Массон В. М., Ромодин В. А. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://disk.yandex.ru/i/eWf_lFsRDIVncg">История Афганистана. Том I. С древнейших времен до начала XVI века.</a> Москва: Наука. pp. 289–290. In Russian: "Еще в XVI в., по сообщению Бабура, среди хазарейцев был распространен монгольский язык, а небольшая часть их, по-видимому, и в XIX в. говорила на языке, близком к монгольскому." </li> <li id="cite_note-Petrushevsky-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Petrushevsky_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Petrushevsky_90-1">b</a> Петрушевский И. П. (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kronk.spb.ru/library/rashidaddin-1-1-1.htm">Рашид-ад-дин и его исторический труд.</a> Москва/Ленинград: Издательство Академии Наук СССР. P. 29. In Russian: "Как известно, большой массив монгольского населения (хезарейцы), отчасти сохранявшего свой язык еще в XIX в., сложился на территории Афганистана..." </li> <li id="cite_note-Forensic_Science_International-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forensic_Science_International_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forensic_Science_International_91-1">b</a> Allah Rakha, Fatima, Min-Sheng Peng, Atif Adan, Rui Bi, Memona Yasmin, Yong-Gang Yao (2017).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1872497317301461">"mtDNA sequence diversity of Hazara ethnic group from Pakistan"</a>. Forensic Science International: Genetics. Volume 30: Pages e1-e5. In English: "Moreover, there are also lines of evidence that some of the remote tribes of Hazaras spoke Mongol language till last century. Their central Asian facial features including sparse beards, high cheekbones and epicanthic eye folds further supports their Mongol origin." </li> <li id="cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberPlattAshrafian_Bonab2012" class="citation journal cs1">Haber, M; Platt, DE; Ashrafian Bonab, M; et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501">"Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events"</a>. PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e34288. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...734288H">2012PLoSO...734288H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288">10.1371/journal.pone.0034288</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501">3314501</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22470552">22470552</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+Ethnic+Groups+Share+a+Y-Chromosomal+Heritage+Structured+by+Historical+Events&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e34288&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3314501%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22470552&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PLoSO...734288H&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Platt%2C+DE&rft.au=Ashrafian+Bonab%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3314501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CruzVitalisSégurelAusterlitz2011" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Vitalis, Renaud; Ségurel, Laure; Austerlitz, Frédéric; Georges, Myriam; Théry, Sylvain; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Hegay, Tatyana; Aldashev, Almaz; Nasyrova, Firuza; Heyer, Evelyne (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">"In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations"</a>. European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (2): 216–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153">10.1038/ejhg.2010.153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5438">1476-5438</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">3025785</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20823912">20823912</a>. <q>Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=In+the+heartland+of+Eurasia%3A+the+multilocus+genetic+landscape+of+Central+Asian+populations&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=216-223&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1476-5438&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20823912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Cruz&rft.aufirst=Bego%C3%B1a&rft.au=Vitalis%2C+Renaud&rft.au=S%C3%A9gurel%2C+Laure&rft.au=Austerlitz%2C+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Georges%2C+Myriam&rft.au=Th%C3%A9ry%2C+Sylvain&rft.au=Quintana-Murci%2C+Lluis&rft.au=Hegay%2C+Tatyana&rft.au=Aldashev%2C+Almaz&rft.au=Nasyrova%2C+Firuza&rft.au=Heyer%2C+Evelyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2002" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenberg, Noah A.; et al. (December 2002). "Genetic Structure of Human Populations". Science. New Series. 298 (5602): 2381–85. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...298.2381R">2002Sci...298.2381R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1078311">10.1126/science.1078311</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12493913">12493913</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8127224">8127224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Genetic+Structure+of+Human+Populations&rft.volume=298&rft.issue=5602&rft.pages=2381-85&rft.date=2002-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1078311&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8127224%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12493913&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002Sci...298.2381R&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Noah+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CruzVitalisSégurelAusterlitz2011" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Vitalis, Renaud; Ségurel, Laure; Austerlitz, Frédéric; Georges, Myriam; Théry, Sylvain; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Hegay, Tatyana; Aldashev, Almaz; Nasyrova, Firuza; Heyer, Evelyne (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">"In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations"</a>. European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (2): 216–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153">10.1038/ejhg.2010.153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5438">1476-5438</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">3025785</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20823912">20823912</a>. <q>Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=In+the+heartland+of+Eurasia%3A+the+multilocus+genetic+landscape+of+Central+Asian+populations&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=216-223&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1476-5438&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20823912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Cruz&rft.aufirst=Bego%C3%B1a&rft.au=Vitalis%2C+Renaud&rft.au=S%C3%A9gurel%2C+Laure&rft.au=Austerlitz%2C+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Georges%2C+Myriam&rft.au=Th%C3%A9ry%2C+Sylvain&rft.au=Quintana-Murci%2C+Lluis&rft.au=Hegay%2C+Tatyana&rft.au=Aldashev%2C+Almaz&rft.au=Nasyrova%2C+Firuza&rft.au=Heyer%2C+Evelyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pengyu_Chen-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Pengyu_Chen_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenAdnanRakhaWang2019" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Pengyu; Adnan, Atif; Rakha, Allah; Wang, Mengge; Zou, Xing; Mo, Xiaodan; He, Guanglin (2019-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483">"Population background exploration and genetic distribution analysis of Pakistan Hazara via 23 autosomal STRs"</a>. Annals of Human Biology. 46 (6): 514–518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483">10.1080/03014460.2019.1673483</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0301-4460">0301-4460</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31559868">31559868</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:203569169">203569169</a>. <q>Overall, we genotyped 25 forensic-related markers in 261 Quetta Hazara individuals and provided the first batch of 23-autosomal STRs for forensic genetics and population genetics research. 23-autosomal STRs included in Huaxia Platinum were polymorphic in the Hazara population and could be used as powerful tool for forensic investigations. Population genetic comparisons based on two datasets via PCA, MDS and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction consistently indicated that the Quetta Hazara in Pakistan shared significant genetic components with Central Asians, especially for Turkic-speaking populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Population+background+exploration+and+genetic+distribution+analysis+of+Pakistan+Hazara+via+23+autosomal+STRs&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=514-518&rft.date=2019-08-18&rft.issn=0301-4460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A203569169%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31559868&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Pengyu&rft.au=Adnan%2C+Atif&rft.au=Rakha%2C+Allah&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mengge&rft.au=Zou%2C+Xing&rft.au=Mo%2C+Xiaodan&rft.au=He%2C+Guanglin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F03014460.2019.1673483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuWangTangGuan2017" class="citation journal cs1">Xu, Shuhua; Wang, Sijia; Tang, Kun; Guan, Yaqun; Khan, Asifullah; Li, Jing; Zhang, Xi; Wang, Xiaoji; Tian, Lei (2017-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsx177">"Genetic History of Xinjiang's Uyghurs Suggests Bronze Age Multiple-Way Contacts in Eurasia"</a>. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (10): 2572–2582. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsx177">10.1093/molbev/msx177</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0737-4038">0737-4038</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28595347">28595347</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Genetic+History+of+Xinjiang%27s+Uyghurs+Suggests+Bronze+Age+Multiple-Way+Contacts+in+Eurasia&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2572-2582&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.issn=0737-4038&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28595347&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsx177&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Shuhua&rft.au=Wang%2C+Sijia&rft.au=Tang%2C+Kun&rft.au=Guan%2C+Yaqun&rft.au=Khan%2C+Asifullah&rft.au=Li%2C+Jing&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xi&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiaoji&rft.au=Tian%2C+Lei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fmolbev%252Fmsx177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SabitovZh.-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SabitovZh._98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SabitovZh._98-1">b</a> Sabitov Zh. M. (2011).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/13606642/Происхождение_хазарейцев_с_точки_зрения_ДНК-генеалогии_Russian_Journal_of_Genetic_Genealogy._Русская_версия_2010._Том_2._1._С.37-40">"Происхождение хазарейцев с точки зрения ДНК-генеалогии"</a>. The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy. 2 (1): pp. 37–40. In Russian: "Гаплогруппа СЗ безусловно связана с экспансией монголов..." </li> <li id="cite_note-Жабагин-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Жабагин_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Жабагин_99-1">b</a> Жабагин М. К. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://disk.yandex.ru/i/-B69hFsjOyNOJA">Анализ связи полиморфизма Y-хромосомы и родоплеменной структуры в казахской популяции</a> Москва. p. 71. In Russian: "...за счет высокой частоты гаплогруппы С2-М217, что согласуется с монгольским происхождением хазарейцев." </li> <li id="cite_note-Guanglin_He-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guanglin_He_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guanglin_He_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeAdnanRakhaYeh2019" class="citation journal cs1">He, Guanglin; Adnan, Atif; Rakha, Allah; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Wang, Mengge; Zou, Xing; Guo, Jianxin; Rehman, Muhammad; Fawad, Abulhasan; Chen, Pengyu; Wang, Chuan-Chao (September 2019). "A comprehensive exploration of the genetic legacy and forensic features of Afghanistan and Pakistan Mongolian-descent Hazara". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 42: e1–e12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fsigen.2019.06.018">10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.06.018</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1872-4973">1872-4973</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31257046">31257046</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195761020">195761020</a>. <q>The results from pairwise genetic distances, MDS, PCA, and phylogenetic relationship reconstruction demonstrate that present-day Hazaras are genetically closer to the Turkic-speaking populations (Uyghur, Kazakh, and Kyrgyz) residing in northwest China than with other Central/South Asian populations and Mongolian. Outgroup and admixture f3, f4, f4-ratio, qpWave, and qpAdm results further demonstrate that Hazara shares more alleles with East Asians than with other Central Asians and carries 57.8% Mongolian-related ancestry. Overall, our findings suggest that Hazaras have experienced genetic admixture with the local or neighboring populations and formed the current East-West Eurasian admixed genetic profile after their separation from the Mongolians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International%3A+Genetics&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+exploration+of+the+genetic+legacy+and+forensic+features+of+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan+Mongolian-descent+Hazara&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=e1-e12&rft.date=2019-09&rft.issn=1872-4973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A195761020%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31257046&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fsigen.2019.06.018&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Guanglin&rft.au=Adnan%2C+Atif&rft.au=Rakha%2C+Allah&rft.au=Yeh%2C+Hui-Yuan&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mengge&rft.au=Zou%2C+Xing&rft.au=Guo%2C+Jianxin&rft.au=Rehman%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Fawad%2C+Abulhasan&rft.au=Chen%2C+Pengyu&rft.au=Wang%2C+Chuan-Chao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CruzVitalisSégurelAusterlitz2011" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Vitalis, Renaud; Ségurel, Laure; Austerlitz, Frédéric; Georges, Myriam; Théry, Sylvain; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Hegay, Tatyana; Aldashev, Almaz; Nasyrova, Firuza; Heyer, Evelyne (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">"In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations"</a>. European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (2): 216–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153">10.1038/ejhg.2010.153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5438">1476-5438</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025785">3025785</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20823912">20823912</a>. <q>Our study confirms the results of Li et al's study that cluster the Hazara population with Central Asian populations, rather than Mongolian populations, which is consistent with ethnological studies. Our results further extend these findings, as we show that the Hazaras are closer to Turkic-speaking populations from Central Asia than to East-Asian or Indo-Iranian populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=In+the+heartland+of+Eurasia%3A+the+multilocus+genetic+landscape+of+Central+Asian+populations&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=216-223&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1476-5438&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20823912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.153&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Cruz&rft.aufirst=Bego%C3%B1a&rft.au=Vitalis%2C+Renaud&rft.au=S%C3%A9gurel%2C+Laure&rft.au=Austerlitz%2C+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.au=Georges%2C+Myriam&rft.au=Th%C3%A9ry%2C+Sylvain&rft.au=Quintana-Murci%2C+Lluis&rft.au=Hegay%2C+Tatyana&rft.au=Aldashev%2C+Almaz&rft.au=Nasyrova%2C+Firuza&rft.au=Heyer%2C+Evelyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3025785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atif_Adnan-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Atif_Adnan_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atif_Adnan_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atif_Adnan_102-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Atif_Adnan_102-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdnanRakhaNazirAlghafri2021" class="citation journal cs1">Adnan, Atif; Rakha, Allah; Nazir, Shahid; Alghafri, Rashed; Hassan, Qudsia; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Lu, Jie (2021). "Forensic features and genetic legacy of the Baloch population of Pakistan and the Hazara population across Durand line revealed by Y-chromosomal STRs". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 135 (5): 1777–1784. <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BioRxiv (identifier)">bioRxiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2020.11.21.392456">10.1101/2020.11.21.392456</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00414-021-02591-2">10.1007/s00414-021-02591-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0937-9827">0937-9827</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33818632">33818632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Legal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Forensic+features+and+genetic+legacy+of+the+Baloch+population+of+Pakistan+and+the+Hazara+population+across+Durand+line+revealed+by+Y-chromosomal+STRs&rft.volume=135&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1777-1784&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00414-021-02591-2&rft.issn=0937-9827&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33818632&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%2F2020.11.21.392456%23id-name%3DbioRxiv&rft.aulast=Adnan&rft.aufirst=Atif&rft.au=Rakha%2C+Allah&rft.au=Nazir%2C+Shahid&rft.au=Alghafri%2C+Rashed&rft.au=Hassan%2C+Qudsia&rft.au=Wang%2C+Chuan-Chao&rft.au=Lu%2C+Jie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberPlattBonabYouhanna2012" class="citation journal cs1">Haber, Marc; Platt, Daniel E.; Bonab, Maziar Ashrafian; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Douaihy, Bouchra; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Rafatpanah, Hoshang; Ghanbari, Mohsen; Whale, John; Balanovsky, Oleg; Wells, R. Spencer; Comas, David; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Consortium, The Genographic (28 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501">"Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events"</a>. PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e34288. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...734288H">2012PLoSO...734288H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288">10.1371/journal.pone.0034288</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501">3314501</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22470552">22470552</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+Ethnic+Groups+Share+a+Y-Chromosomal+Heritage+Structured+by+Historical+Events&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e34288&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3314501%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22470552&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PLoSO...734288H&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=Platt%2C+Daniel+E.&rft.au=Bonab%2C+Maziar+Ashrafian&rft.au=Youhanna%2C+Sonia+C.&rft.au=Soria-Hernanz%2C+David+F.&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez-Cruz%2C+Bego%C3%B1a&rft.au=Douaihy%2C+Bouchra&rft.au=Ghassibe-Sabbagh%2C+Michella&rft.au=Rafatpanah%2C+Hoshang&rft.au=Ghanbari%2C+Mohsen&rft.au=Whale%2C+John&rft.au=Balanovsky%2C+Oleg&rft.au=Wells%2C+R.+Spencer&rft.au=Comas%2C+David&rft.au=Tyler-Smith%2C+Chris&rft.au=Zalloua%2C+Pierre+A.&rft.au=Consortium%2C+The+Genographic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3314501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> John William Whale. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Four Ethnic Groups of Afghanistan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9862/1/John_Whale_MPhil_Thesis_2012.pdf">http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9862/1/John_Whale_MPhil_Thesis_2012.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802122703/http://eprints.port.ac.uk/9862/1/John_Whale_MPhil_Thesis_2012.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-08-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLkhagvasurenShinLeeTumen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Lkhagvasuren, Gavaachimed; Shin, Heejin; Lee, Si Eun; Tumen, Dashtseveg; Kim, Jae-Hyun; Kim, Kyung-Yong; Kim, Kijeong; Park, Ae Ja; Lee, Ho Woon; Kim, Mi Jin; Choi, Jaesung; Choi, Jee-Hye; Min, Na Young; Lee, Kwang-Ho (14 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5023095">"Molecular Genealogy of a Mongol Queen's Family and Her Possible Kinship with Genghis Khan"</a>. PLOS ONE. 11 (9): e0161622. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PLoSO..1161622L">2016PLoSO..1161622L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0161622">10.1371/journal.pone.0161622</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5023095">5023095</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27627454">27627454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Molecular+Genealogy+of+a+Mongol+Queen%27s+Family+and+Her+Possible+Kinship+with+Genghis+Khan&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e0161622&rft.date=2016-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5023095%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27627454&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0161622&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016PLoSO..1161622L&rft.aulast=Lkhagvasuren&rft.aufirst=Gavaachimed&rft.au=Shin%2C+Heejin&rft.au=Lee%2C+Si+Eun&rft.au=Tumen%2C+Dashtseveg&rft.au=Kim%2C+Jae-Hyun&rft.au=Kim%2C+Kyung-Yong&rft.au=Kim%2C+Kijeong&rft.au=Park%2C+Ae+Ja&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ho+Woon&rft.au=Kim%2C+Mi+Jin&rft.au=Choi%2C+Jaesung&rft.au=Choi%2C+Jee-Hye&rft.au=Min%2C+Na+Young&rft.au=Lee%2C+Kwang-Ho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5023095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> "Eastern Russian Tatars, Bashkirs, and Pakistani Hazara were found to carry R1b-M343 at unusually high frequencies of 12.65%, 46.07%, and 32%, respectively, compared to other regions of Eastern Asia, which rarely have this haplotype" </li> <li id="cite_note-Allah_Rakha-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Allah_Rakha_106-0">^</a> Allah Rakha, Fatima, Min-Sheng Peng, Atif Adan, Rui Bi, Memona Yasmin, Yong-Gang Yao (2017).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://disk.yandex.ru/i/oaEltvvhkpdpYw">"mtDNA sequence diversity of Hazara ethnic group from Pakistan"</a>. Forensic Science International: Genetics. Volume 30: Page 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuintana-MurciChaixWells2004" class="citation journal cs1">Quintana-Murci, L; Chaix, R; Wells, RS; et al. (May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1181978">"Where West Meets East: The Complex mtDNA Landscape of the Southwest and Central Asian Corridor"</a>. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 827–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F383236">10.1086/383236</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1181978">1181978</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15077202">15077202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Where+West+Meets+East%3A+The+Complex+mtDNA+Landscape+of+the+Southwest+and+Central+Asian+Corridor&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=827-45&rft.date=2004-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1181978%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15077202&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F383236&rft.aulast=Quintana-Murci&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Chaix%2C+R&rft.au=Wells%2C+RS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1181978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318343710">"MtDNA sequence diversity of Hazara ethnic group from Pakistan"</a>. Retrieved 2021-03-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MtDNA+sequence+diversity+of+Hazara+ethnic+group+from+Pakistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F318343710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuintana-MurciChaixWells2004" class="citation journal cs1">Quintana-Murci, L; Chaix, R; Wells, RS; et al. (May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1181978">"Figure 1: Where west meets east: the complex mtDNA landscape of the southwest and Central Asian corridor"</a>. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74 (5): 827–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F383236">10.1086/383236</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1181978">1181978</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15077202">15077202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Hum.+Genet.&rft.atitle=Figure+1%3A+Where+west+meets+east%3A+the+complex+mtDNA+landscape+of+the+southwest+and+Central+Asian+corridor&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=827-45&rft.date=2004-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1181978%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15077202&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F383236&rft.aulast=Quintana-Murci&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Chaix%2C+R&rft.au=Wells%2C+RS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1181978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabur1987" class="citation book cs1">Babur, Z. 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University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0615-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0615-9"><bdi>978-0-8122-0615-9</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved December 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%3A+massacres+of+Hazaras&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2001-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2001%2Fafghanistan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ngm-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ngm_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngm_132-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarson2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Larson, Marisa (June 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080302170049/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/geopedia/Hazara_People">"Hazara People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/geopedia/Hazara_People">the original</a> on March 2, 2008. Retrieved August 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Hazara+People&rft.date=2008-06-17&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Marisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2Fgeopedia%2FHazara_People&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cs-133"><a href="#cite_ref-cs_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSappenfield2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sappenfield, Mark (August 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0806/p06s02-wosc.html?page=2">"Afghanistan's success story: The liberated Hazara minority"</a>. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+success+story%3A+The+liberated+Hazara+minority&rft.date=2007-08-06&rft.aulast=Sappenfield&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0806%2Fp06s02-wosc.html%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313035046/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/01/22/many-karzai-rivals-find-way-parliament">"Many Karzai rivals find way to Parliament"</a>. Pajhwok.com. 2011-01-22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/01/22/many-karzai-rivals-find-way-parliament">the original</a> on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2012-07-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Many+Karzai+rivals+find+way+to+Parliament&rft.pub=Pajhwok.com&rft.date=2011-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pajhwok.com%2Fen%2F2011%2F01%2F22%2Fmany-karzai-rivals-find-way-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804053617/http://www.wanderlust.co.uk/magazine/news/afghanistan-hosts-second-national-ski-race">"(27 February 2012) Afghanistan set to host second national ski race. wanderlust.co.uk"</a>. Wanderlust.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wanderlust.co.uk/magazine/news/afghanistan-hosts-second-national-ski-race">the original</a> on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wanderlust.co.uk&rft.atitle=%2827+February+2012%29+Afghanistan+set+to+host+second+national+ski+race.+wanderlust.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wanderlust.co.uk%2Fmagazine%2Fnews%2Fafghanistan-hosts-second-national-ski-race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevinson2012" class="citation news cs1">Levinson, Charles (March 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203458604577263343870606130.html">"Since Skiing Came to Afghanistan, It Has Been Pretty Much All Downhill"</a>. Wall Street Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Since+Skiing+Came+to+Afghanistan%2C+It+Has+Been+Pretty+Much+All+Downhill&rft.date=2012-03-07&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052970203458604577263343870606130.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yahoo-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yahoo_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yahoo_137-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/306419/afghan-nomad-clashes-raise-fears-of-ethnic-strife">"Afghan nomad clashes raise fears of ethnic strife"</a>. Bangkok Post. Agence France-Presse. 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Afghan+nomad+clashes+raise+fears+of+ethnic+strife&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fworld%2F306419%2Fafghan-nomad-clashes-raise-fears-of-ethnic-strife&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/27/world/asia/27afghan.html">"Afghan Overture to Taliban Aggravates Ethnic Tensions".</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 27 June 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/05/09/asia/afghanistan-girls-school-attack-intl-hnk/index.html">"Death toll rises to 85 in Afghanistan girls' school bomb attack"</a>. CNN. 10 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Death+toll+rises+to+85+in+Afghanistan+girls%E2%80%99+school+bomb+attack&rft.date=2021-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F05%2F09%2Fasia%2Fafghanistan-girls-school-attack-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/8/blasts-kill-dozens-near-school-in-afghan-capital-kabul">"Blasts kill dozens near school in Afghan capital Kabul"</a>. Al Jazeera English. 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blasts+kill+dozens+near+school+in+Afghan+capital+Kabul&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.date=2021-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F5%2F8%2Fblasts-kill-dozens-near-school-in-afghan-capital-kabul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210823-afghanistan-s-minority-hazaras-see-gains-of-past-two-decades-falling-apart">"Afghanistan's minority Hazaras see gains of past two decades 'falling apart'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 23 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+minority+Hazaras+see+gains+of+past+two+decades+%27falling+apart%27&rft.date=2021-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fasia-pacific%2F20210823-afghanistan-s-minority-hazaras-see-gains-of-past-two-decades-falling-apart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMogul2021" class="citation news cs1">Mogul, Rhea (29 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/afghanistan-s-religious-minorities-live-fear-taliban-brace-persecution-n1277249">"Afghanistan's religious minorities live in fear of Taliban, brace for persecution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. Retrieved 31 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+religious+minorities+live+in+fear+of+Taliban%2C+brace+for+persecution&rft.date=2021-08-29&rft.aulast=Mogul&rft.aufirst=Rhea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fafghanistan-s-religious-minorities-live-fear-taliban-brace-persecution-n1277249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/09/06/afghanistan-isis-group-targets-religious-minorities">"Afghanistan: ISIS Group Targets Religious Minorities"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%3A+ISIS+Group+Targets+Religious+Minorities&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2022%2F09%2F06%2Fafghanistan-isis-group-targets-religious-minorities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-144"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_144-0">^</a> The population of people with descent from Afghanistan in Canada is 48,090. Hazara make up an estimated 30% of the population of Afghanistan depending to the source. The Hazara population in Canada is estimated from these two figures. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224213742/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000">Archived</a> 2018-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica-Afghanistan-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica-Afghanistan_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica-Afghanistan_145-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-iv-ethnography">"AFGHANISTAN iv. Ethnography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Dupree_(professor)" title="Louis Dupree (professor)">L. Dupree</a> (Online ed.). United States: Encyclopædia Iranica. December 15, 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L.+Dupree&rft.atitle=AFGHANISTAN+iv.+Ethnography&rft.date=1983-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fafghanistan-iv-ethnography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDames2012" class="citation cs2">Dames, M. 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Retrieved 2024-04-26. <q>The Hazāras speak a Persian dialect with many Turkish and some Mongolian words.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=HAZ%C4%80RA&rft.aulast=Foundation&rft.aufirst=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhazara-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Malistani, A. H. Tariq and Gehring, Roman (compilers) (1993) Farhang-i ibtidal-i milli-i Hazarah : bi-inzimam-i tarjamah bih Farsi-i Ingilisi = Hazaragi – Dari/Persian- English: a preliminary glossary A. H. 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Retrieved 2023-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=%27Role+model%27%3A+Pakistan%27s+Hazara+woman+packing+a+punch&rft.aulast=Adil&rft.aufirst=Hafsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2020%2F5%2F15%2Frole-model-pakistans-hazara-woman-packing-a-punch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYJC2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">YJC, خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان | (9 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yjc.news/fa/news/6334929">"تاریخچه ورزش "بزکشی" در افغانستان + تصاویر"</a> [History of "Buzkashi" sport in Afghanistan + Pictures]. fa (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-09-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fa&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87+%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4+%22%D8%A8%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C%22+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+%2B+%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.aulast=YJC&rft.aufirst=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%7C+%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86+%7C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yjc.news%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F6334929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kabulpress.org/article143773.html">"مسابقات تیراندازی با کمان در بامیان، میدان و غزنی"</a> (in Persian). 3 February 2013. Retrieved 2022-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%A7+%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%8C&rft.date=2013-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kabulpress.org%2Farticle143773.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://af.shafaqna.com/FA/69475">"کشتی محلی افغانستان؛ ورزشی پرهیجان با علاقمندان فراوان+تصاویر"</a>. af.shafaqna.com. Retrieved 2022-09-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=af.shafaqna.com&rft.atitle=%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%9B+%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C+%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7+%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%2B%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faf.shafaqna.com%2FFA%2F69475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonsutti2005" class="citation book cs1">Monsutti, Alessandro (2005). War and migration: Social networks and economic strategies of the Hazaras of Afghanistan. Translated by Patrick Camiller. Routledge, New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97508-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97508-7"><bdi>978-0-415-97508-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+migration%3A+Social+networks+and+economic+strategies+of+the+Hazaras+of+Afghanistan&rft.place=Routledge%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-97508-7&rft.aulast=Monsutti&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederiksenNicolaisen,_Ida1996" class="citation book cs1">Frederiksen, Birthe; Nicolaisen, Ida (1996). Caravans and trade in Afghanistan: The changing life of the nomadic Hazarbuz. Carlsberg Foundation's Nomad Research Project. London: Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-01687-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-01687-9"><bdi>978-0-500-01687-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caravans+and+trade+in+Afghanistan%3A+The+changing+life+of+the+nomadic+Hazarbuz&rft.place=London&rft.series=Carlsberg+Foundation%27s+Nomad+Research+Project&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-500-01687-9&rft.aulast=Frederiksen&rft.aufirst=Birthe&rft.au=Nicolaisen%2C+Ida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoladi1989" class="citation book cs1">Poladi, Hassan (1989). The Hazāras. Stockton, California: Mughal Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929824-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929824-00-0"><bdi>978-0-929824-00-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Haz%C4%81ras&rft.place=Stockton%2C+California&rft.pub=Mughal+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-929824-00-0&rft.aulast=Poladi&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKakar1973" class="citation book cs1">Kakar, M. Hasan (1973). The pacification of the Hazaras of Afghanistan. New York: Afghanistan Council, Asia Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1111643">1111643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+pacification+of+the+Hazaras+of+Afghanistan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Afghanistan+Council%2C+Asia+Society&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1111643&rft.aulast=Kakar&rft.aufirst=M.+Hasan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarpviken1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kristian_Berg_Harpviken" title="Kristian Berg Harpviken">Harpviken, Kristian Berg</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927072308/http://www.prio.no/sptrans/-1404536104/Harpviken%20KB%20(1996)%20Political%20mobilization%20among%20the%20Hazara.pdf">Political Mobilization Among the Hazara of Afghanistan: 1978–1992</a> (PDF). Rapportserien ved Sosiologi, Nr. 9 1996. Oslo: Institutt for Sosiologi, Universitetet i Oslo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-570-0127-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-570-0127-8"><bdi>978-82-570-0127-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prio.no/sptrans/-1404536104/Harpviken%20KB%20(1996)%20Political%20mobilization%20among%20the%20Hazara.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-04-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Mobilization+Among+the+Hazara+of+Afghanistan%3A+1978%E2%80%931992&rft.place=Oslo&rft.series=Rapportserien+ved+Sosiologi%2C+Nr.+9+1996&rft.pub=Institutt+for+Sosiologi%2C+Universitetet+i+Oslo&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-82-570-0127-8&rft.aulast=Harpviken&rft.aufirst=Kristian+Berg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prio.no%2Fsptrans%2F-1404536104%2FHarpviken%2520KB%2520%281996%29%2520Political%2520mobilization%2520among%2520the%2520Hazara.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHazaras" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="1000" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/haz" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/haz">Hazaras test</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hazara_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hazara people">Hazara people</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-1">"Hazaras"</a> at <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.edu/documents/105988371/107571254/Hazara.pdf/231556e9-7ab4-473d-b2e3-53d31eb115eb">Hazara tribal structure</a>, Program for Culture and Conflict Studies, <a href="/wiki/US_Naval_Postgraduate_School" class="mw-redirect" title="US Naval Postgraduate School">US Naval Postgraduate School</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/27/peril-and-persecution-in-afghanistan/">Peril and Persecution in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hazara_people_related_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hazara_nationalism" title="Template:Hazara nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hazara_nationalism" title="Template talk:Hazara nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hazara_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hazara nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hazara_people_related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hazara people</a> related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Muhammad_Kateb" title="Faiz Muhammad Kateb">Faiz Muhammad Kateb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari" title="Abdul Ali Mazari">Abdul Ali Mazari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Balkhi" title="Ismael Balkhi">Ismael Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hussain_Sadiqi_Nili" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Hussain Sadiqi Nili">Muhammad Hussain Sadiqi Nili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ali_Beheshti" title="Sayyid Ali Beheshti">Sayyid Ali Beheshti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Mohammad_Ali_Jawid" title="Sayed Mohammad Ali Jawid">Sayed Mohammad Ali Jawid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yazdanbakhsh" title="Mir Yazdanbakhsh">Mir Yazdanbakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Poladi" title="Hassan Poladi">Hassan Poladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_Khalili" title="Karim Khalili">Karim Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khodaidad" title="Khodaidad">Khodaidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ali_Yousafi" title="Hussain Ali Yousafi">Hussain Ali Yousafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_Yari" title="Akram Yari">Akram Yari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Samar" title="Sima Samar">Sima Samar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habiba_Sar%C4%81bi" title="Habiba Sarābi">Habiba Sarābi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azra_Jafari" title="Azra Jafari">Azra Jafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatema_Akbari" title="Fatema Akbari">Fatema Akbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Hazara_(assassin)" title="Abdul Khaliq Hazara (assassin)">Abdul Khaliq Hazara (assassin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Hazara_(politician)" title="Abdul Khaliq Hazara (politician)">Abdul Khaliq Hazara (politician)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Mohammad_Isa" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazi Mohammad Isa">Qazi Mohammad Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mohaqiq" title="Muhammad Mohaqiq">Muhammad Mohaqiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younus_Changezi" title="Younus Changezi">Younus Changezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazim_Yazdani" title="Kazim Yazdani">Kazim Yazdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Askar_Mousavi" title="Sayed Askar Mousavi">Sayed Askar Mousavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Ramazan" title="Ahmad Shah Ramazan">Ahmad Shah Ramazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramazan_Bashardost" title="Ramazan Bashardost">Ramazan Bashardost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Shafaq" title="Abdul Haq Shafaq">Abdul Haq Shafaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qayyum_Sajjadi" title="Abdul Qayyum Sajjadi">Abdul Qayyum Sajjadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Noyan" title="Abbas Noyan">Abbas Noyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Royesh" title="Aziz Royesh">Aziz Royesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbe_Wahdat" title="Hezbe Wahdat">Hezbe Wahdat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Islamic_Unity_Party_of_Afghanistan" title="People's Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan">Islami Mardum-e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Islamic_Unity_Party_of_Afghanistan" title="National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan">Milli Islami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_Democratic_Party" title="Hazara Democratic Party">Hazara Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Youth_Organization" title="Progressive Youth Organization">Progressive Youth Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Council_of_Islamic_Unity_of_Afghanistan" title="Revolutionary Council of Islamic Unity of Afghanistan">Revolutionary Council of Islamic Unity of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazman-i_Nasr" title="Sazman-i Nasr">Sazman-i Nasr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grassroots groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabassum_movement" title="Tabassum movement">Tabassum movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_Movement_(Afghanistan)" title="Enlightenment Movement (Afghanistan)">Enlightenment Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles and Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uruzgan" title="Battle of Uruzgan">Battle of Uruzgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_Operation" title="Afshar Operation">Afshar Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kabul_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)">Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchi%E2%80%93Hazara_conflict" title="Kuchi–Hazara conflict">Kuchi–Hazara conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists and Poets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawood_Sarkhosh" title="Dawood Sarkhosh">Dawood Sarkhosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safdar_Tawakoli" title="Safdar Tawakoli">Safdar Tawakoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahir_Howaida" title="Zahir Howaida">Zahir Howaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakeeb_Hamdard" title="Shakeeb Hamdard">Shakeeb Hamdard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaha_Soroor" title="Elaha Soroor">Elaha Soroor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hazara_people" title="Category:Hazara people">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hazara_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hazara people">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_peoples" title="Template:Iranian peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_peoples" title="Template talk:Iranian peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_people" title="Achomi people">Achomis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Balochs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baloch_tribes" title="List of Baloch tribes">Baloch tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkardi_people" title="Bashkardi people">Bashkardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwar" title="Dehwar">Dehwaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsiwan" title="Farsiwan">Farsiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaks" title="Gilaks">Gilaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumzari_people" title="Kumzari people">Kumzaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_tribes" title="Kurdish tribes">Kurdish tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurs" title="Lurs">Lurs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_people" title="Bakhtiari people">Bakhtiaris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shehni" title="Shehni">Shehnis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feyli_Lurs" title="Feyli Lurs">Feyli Lurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadavand_tribe" title="Hadavand tribe">Hadavand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanvand" title="Hasanvand">Hasanvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Lurs" title="Southern Lurs">Southern Lurs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamasani_(tribe)" title="Mamasani (tribe)">Mamasanis</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_people" title="Mazanderani people">Mazanderanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetians" title="Ossetians">Ossetians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digor_people" title="Digor people">Digors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_people" title="Iron people">Irons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kudar" title="Kudar">Kudars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasz_people" title="Jasz people">Jaszs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tajiks" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Tajiks">Chinese Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_people" title="Shughni people">Shughnis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badzhui_people" title="Badzhui people">Badzhuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroshoris" title="Oroshoris">Oroshoris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha-Munji_people" title="Yidgha-Munji people">Yidgha–Munji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_tribes" title="Pashtun tribes">Pashtun tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Persians" title="Arab-Persians">Arab-Persians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basseri" title="Basseri">Basseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistani_Persians" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistani Persians">Sistanis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_people" title="Semnani people">Semnanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaks" title="Shabaks">Shabaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talyshs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Caucasus)" title="Tat people (Caucasus)">Tats of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_people_(Iran)" title="Tat people (Iran)">Tats of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaghnobis" title="Yaghnobis">Yaghnobis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazas" title="Zazas">Zazas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajam_of_Bahrain" title="Ajam of Bahrain">Ajam of Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ajam_of_Kuwait" title="'Ajam of Kuwait">'Ajam of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Iranians in the United Arab Emirates">Iranians in the United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Qatar" title="Iranians in Qatar">Iranians in Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Tats" title="Armeno-Tats">Armeno-Tats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Persian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihuh" title="Shihuh">Shihuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Iranian_peoples" title="List of ancient Iranian peoples">Ancient Iranian peoples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_paganism" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism">Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Ancient Iranian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mongolic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongol_ethnic_groups" title="Template:Mongol ethnic groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mongol_ethnic_groups" title="Template talk:Mongol ethnic groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol_ethnic_groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol ethnic groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mongolic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mongolia" title="History of Mongolia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongolian_history" title="Timeline of Mongolian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_heartland" title="Mongol heartland">Mongol heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_Grave_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Slab Grave culture">Slab Grave culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_culture" title="Ordos culture">Ordos culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongolic_language" title="Proto-Mongolic language">Proto-Mongolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Medieval tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Mongol_clans" title="List of modern Mongol clans">Modern clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empire" title="Nomadic empire">Nomadic empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Mongolian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems" title="Mongolian writing systems">Writing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_symbol" title="Soyombo symbol">Soyombo symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhuan" title="Wuhuan">Wuhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe" title="Duan tribe">Duan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Yuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumo_Xi" title="Kumo Xi">Kumo Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong" title="Murong">Murong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun" title="Tuyuhun">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Qifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiwei_people" title="Shiwei people">Shiwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didouyu" title="Didouyu">Didouyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Yel%C3%BC" title="Yelü">Yelü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubu" title="Zubu">Zubu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Medieval tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khamag_Mongol" title="Khamag Mongol">Khamag Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barga_Mongols" title="Barga Mongols">Barga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlas" title="Barlas">Barlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayads" title="Bayads">Bayad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonos_tribe" title="Chonos tribe">Chonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eljigin" title="Eljigin">Eljigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalairs" title="Jalairs">Jalair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katagans" title="Katagans">Katagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Kerait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khongirad" title="Khongirad">Khongirad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manghud" title="Manghud">Manghud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olkhonud" title="Olkhonud">Olkhonud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongud" title="Ongud">Ongud</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara%27unas" title="Qara'unas">Qara'unas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taichiud" title="Taichiud">Taichiud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkhad" title="Darkhad">Darkhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariganga_Mongols" title="Dariganga Mongols">Dariganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eljigin" title="Eljigin">Eljigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotogoid" title="Khotogoid">Khotogoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartuul" title="Sartuul">Sartuul</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Southern_Mongols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Southern Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asud" title="Asud">Asud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Dorbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Dorbet">Eastern Dorbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Czemchin_Mongols" title="Üzemchin Mongols">Üzemchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Uriankhai" title="Altai Uriankhai">Altai Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baatud" title="Baatud">Baatud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayads" title="Bayads">Bayad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantuu" title="Chantuu">Chantuu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choros_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Choros people">Choros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rbet_Oirat" title="Dörbet Oirat">Dörbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khoton</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyk</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Buzava" title="Buzava">Buzava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myangad" title="Myangad">Myangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart_Kalmyks" title="Sart Kalmyks">Sart Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhchin" title="Zakhchin">Zakhchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barga_Mongols" title="Barga Mongols">Barga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyot</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hazara</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughal</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a> (Yunnan Mongol)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvan</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Donghu_and_Xianbei" title="Template:Donghu and Xianbei">Donghu and Xianbei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Turco-Mongol" title="Template:Turco-Mongol">Turco-Mongol</a> *Mongolized ethnic groups.**Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_peoples" title="Template talk:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Azerbaijani communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Western Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanshir_Qizilbash" title="Javanshir Qizilbash">Javanshir Qizilbash</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kazakh communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kyrgyz communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Tajikistan">Tajik Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Kyrgyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Kyrgyz">Van Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkmen1 communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish communities2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gajal" title="Gajal">Gajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahtac%C4%B1" title="Tahtacı">Tahtacıs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algerian Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cypriot Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egyptian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Turkmen" title="Israeli Turkmen">Israeli Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Turkmen" title="Lebanese Turkmen">Lebanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libyan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Macedonian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegrin Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestinian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romanian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic peoples in Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Chinese Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk people">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_Uyghurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Uyghurs">Tor Uyghurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Crimea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turks" title="Chaharmahali Turks">Chaharmahali Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koibal_people" title="Koibal people">Koibal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tozhu_Tuvans" title="Tozhu Tuvans">Tozhu Tuvans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Mongolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khotons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukha_people" title="Dukha people">Dukha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic minorities in Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timuri" title="Timuri">Timuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karategin_Uzbeks" title="Karategin Uzbeks">Karategin Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in Europe (exc. Russia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria">Bulgarian Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alat_tribe" title="Alat tribe">Alat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az_people" title="Az people">Az</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmyl" title="Basmyl">Basmyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsils" title="Barsils">Barsils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berendei" title="Berendei">Berendei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Black Klobuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolu" title="Duolu">Duolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esegel" title="Esegel">Esegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangly" title="Kangly">Kangly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir-K%C4%B1vchak" title="Sir-Kıvchak">Sir-Kıvchak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurykans" title="Kurykans">Kurykans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushibi" title="Nushibi">Nushibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkomans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhsi" title="Tuhsi">Tuhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tork_people" title="Tork people">Torks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquz_Oghuz" title="Toquz Oghuz">Toquz Oghuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagma" title="Yagma">Yagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabaku" title="Yabaku">Yabaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal_people_(West_Asia)" title="Abdal people (West Asia)">Abdals</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatar diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div>1 Central Asian (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a>, distinct from Levantine (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a>) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. 2 In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> territories).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/952576/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td 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