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motors</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: servo motors"> <meta name="keywords" content="servo motors"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Use of Analytic Hierarchy Process for Plant Site Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muzaffar%20Shaikh">Muzaffar Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoaib%20Shaikh"> Shoaib Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Moyou"> Mark Moyou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaby%20Hawat"> Gaby Hawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in evaluating the site selection of a new plant by a corporation. Due to intense competition at a global level, multinational corporations are continuously striving to minimize production and shipping costs of their products. One key factor that plays significant role in cost minimization is where the production plant is located. In the U.S. for example, labor and land costs continue to be very high while they are much cheaper in countries such as India, China, Indonesia, etc. This is why many multinational U.S. corporations (e.g. General Electric, Caterpillar Inc., Ford, General Motors, etc.), have shifted their manufacturing plants outside. The continued expansion of the Internet and its availability along with technological advances in computer hardware and software all around the globe have facilitated U.S. corporations to expand abroad as they seek to reduce production cost. In particular, management of multinational corporations is constantly engaged in concentrating on countries at a broad level, or cities within specific countries where certain or all parts of their end products or the end products themselves can be manufactured cheaper than in the U.S. AHP is based on preference ratings of a specific decision maker who can be the Chief Operating Officer of a company or his/her designated data analytics engineer. It serves as a tool to first evaluate the plant site selection criteria and second, alternate plant sites themselves against these criteria in a systematic manner. Examples of site selection criteria are: Transportation Modes, Taxes, Energy Modes, Labor Force Availability, Labor Rates, Raw Material Availability, Political Stability, Land Costs, etc. As a necessary first step under AHP, evaluation criteria and alternate plant site countries are identified. Depending upon the fidelity of analysis, specific cities within a country can also be chosen as alternative facility locations. AHP experience in this type of analysis indicates that the initial analysis can be performed at the Country-level. Once a specific country is chosen via AHP, secondary analyses can be performed by selecting specific cities or counties within a country. AHP analysis is usually based on preferred ratings of a decision-maker (e.g., 1 to 5, 1 to 7, or 1 to 9, etc., where 1 means least preferred and a 5 means most preferred). The decision-maker assigns preferred ratings first, criterion vs. criterion and creates a Criteria Matrix. Next, he/she assigns preference ratings by alternative vs. alternative against each criterion. Once this data is collected, AHP is applied to first get the rank-ordering of criteria. Next, rank-ordering of alternatives is done against each criterion resulting in an Alternative Matrix. Finally, overall rank ordering of alternative facility locations is obtained by matrix multiplication of Alternative Matrix and Criteria Matrix. The most practical aspect of AHP is the ‘what if’ analysis that the decision-maker can conduct after the initial results to provide valuable sensitivity information of specific criteria to other criteria and alternatives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytic hierarchy process">analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporations" title=" multinational corporations"> multinational corporations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20site%20selection" title=" plant site selection"> plant site selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference%20ratings" title=" preference ratings"> preference ratings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64129/use-of-analytic-hierarchy-process-for-plant-site-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Governance of Net-Zero Emission Urban Bus Transitions in the United Kingdom: Insight from a Transition Visioning Stakeholder Workshop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraklis%20Argyriou">Iraklis Argyriou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transition to net-zero emission urban bus (ZEB) systems is receiving increased attention in research and policymaking throughout the globe. Most studies in this area tend to address techno-economic aspects and the perspectives of a narrow group of stakeholders, while they largely overlook analysis of current bus system dynamics. This offers limited insight into the types of ZEB governance challenges and opportunities that are encountered in real-world contexts, as well as into some of the immediate actions that need to be taken to set off the transition over the longer term. This research offers a multi-stakeholder perspective into both the technical and non-technical factors that influence ZEB transitions within a particular context, the UK. It does so by drawing from a recent transition visioning stakeholder workshop (June 2023) with key public, private and civic actors of the urban bus transportation system. Using NVivo software to qualitatively analyze the workshop discussions, the research examines the key technological and funding aspects, as well as the short-term actions (over the next five years), that need to be addressed for supporting the ZEB transition in UK cities. It finds that ZEB technology has reached a mature stage (i.e., high efficiency of batteries, motors and inverters), but important improvements can be pursued through greater control and integration of ZEB technological components and systems. In this regard, telemetry, predictive maintenance and adaptive control strategies pertinent to the performance and operation of ZEB vehicles have a key role to play in the techno-economic advancement of the transition. Yet, more pressing gaps were identified in the current ZEB funding regime. Whereas the UK central government supports greater ZEB adoption through a series of grants and subsidies, the scale of the funding and its fragmented nature do not match the needs for a UK-wide transition. Funding devolution arrangements (i.e., stable funding settlement deals between the central government and the devolved administrations/local authorities), as well as locally-driven schemes (i.e., congestion charging/workplace parking levy), could then enhance the financial prospects of the transition. As for short-term action, three areas were identified as critical: (1) the creation of whole value chains around the supply, use and recycling of ZEB components; (2) the ZEB retrofitting of existing fleets; and (3) integrated transportation that prioritizes buses as a first-choice, convenient and reliable mode while it simultaneously reduces car dependency in urban areas. Taken together, the findings point to the need for place-based transition approaches that create a viable techno-economic ecosystem for ZEB development but at the same time adopt a broader governance perspective beyond a ‘net-zero’ and ‘bus sectoral’ focus. As such, multi-actor collaborations and the coordination of wider resources and agency, both vertically across institutional scales and horizontally across transport, energy and urban planning, become fundamental features of comprehensive ZEB responses. The lessons from the UK case can inform a broader body of empirical contextual knowledge of ZEB transition governance within domestic political economies of public transportation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net-zero%20emission%20transition" title="net-zero emission transition">net-zero emission transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stakeholders" title=" stakeholders"> stakeholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20governance" title=" transition governance"> transition governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK" title=" UK"> UK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20bus%20transportation" title=" urban bus transportation"> urban bus transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171977/the-governance-of-net-zero-emission-urban-bus-transitions-in-the-united-kingdom-insight-from-a-transition-visioning-stakeholder-workshop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Transition Metal Bis(Dicarbollide) Complexes in Design of Molecular Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20B.%20Sivaev">Igor B. Sivaev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Design of molecular machines is an extraordinary growing and very important area of research that it was recognized by awarding Sauvage, Stoddart and Feringa the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2016 'for the design and synthesis of molecular machines'. Based on the type of motion being performed, molecular machines can be divided into two main types: molecular motors and molecular switches. Molecular switches are molecules or supramolecular complexes having bistability, i.e., the ability to exist in two or more stable forms, among which may be reversible transitions under external influence (heating, lighting, changing the medium acidity, the action of chemicals, exposure to magnetic or electric field). Molecular switches are the main structural element of any molecular electronics devices. Therefore, the design and the study of molecules and supramolecular systems capable of performing mechanical movement is an important and urgent problem of modern chemistry. There is growing interest in molecular switches and other devices of molecular electronics based on transition metal complexes; therefore choice of suitable stable organometallic unit is of great importance. An example of such unit is bis(dicarbollide) complexes of transition metals [3,3’-M(1,2-C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]ⁿ⁻. The control on the ligand rotation in such complexes can be reached by introducing substituents which could provide stabilization of certain rotamers due to specific interactions between the ligands, on the one hand, and which can participate as Lewis bases in complex formation with external metals resulting in a change in the rotation angle of the ligands, on the other hand. A series of isomeric methyl sulfide derivatives of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) complexes containing methyl sulfide substituents at boron atoms in different positions of the pentagonal face of the dicarbollide ligands [8,8’-(MeS)₂-3,3’-Co(1,2-C₂B₉H₁₀)₂]⁻, rac-[4,4’-(MeS)₂-3,3’-Co(1,2-C₂B₉H₁₀)₂]⁻ and meso-[4,7’-(MeS)₂-3,3’-Co(1,2-C₂B₉H₁₀)₂]⁻ were synthesized by the reaction of CoCl₂ with the corresponding methyl sulfide carborane derivatives [10-MeS-7,8-C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]⁻ and [10-MeS-7,8-C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]⁻. In the case of asymmetrically substituted cobalt bis(dicarbollide) complexes the corresponding rac- and meso-isomers were successfully separated by column chromatography as the tetrabutylammonium salts. The compounds obtained were studied by the methods of ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹¹B NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry and quantum chemical calculations. It was found that in the solid state, the transoid- and gauche-conformations of the 8,8’- and 4,4’-isomers are stabilized by four intramolecular CH···S(Me)B hydrogen bonds each one (2.683-2.712 Å and 2.709-2.752 Å, respectively), whereas gauche-conformation of the 4,7’-isomer is stabilized by two intramolecular CH···S hydrogen bonds (2.699-2.711 Å). The existence of the intramolecular CH·S(Me)B hydrogen bonding in solutions was supported by the 1H NMR spectroscopy. These data are in a good agreement with results of the quantum chemical calculations. The corresponding iron and nickel complexes were synthesized as well. The reaction of the methyl sulfide derivatives of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) with various labile transition metal complexes results in rupture of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and complexation of the methyl sulfide groups with external metal. This results in stabilization of other rotational conformation of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) and can be used in design of molecular switches. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (16-13-10331). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20switches" title="molecular switches">molecular switches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR%20spectroscopy" title=" NMR spectroscopy"> NMR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20crystal%20X-ray%20diffraction" title=" single crystal X-ray diffraction"> single crystal X-ray diffraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20metal%20bis%28dicarbollide%29%20complexes" title=" transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes"> transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20chemical%20calculations" title=" quantum chemical calculations"> quantum chemical calculations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78947/transition-metal-bisdicarbollide-complexes-in-design-of-molecular-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> SkyCar Rapid Transit System: An Integrated Approach of Modern Transportation Solutions in the New Queen Elizabeth Quay, Perth, Western Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arfanara%20Najnin">Arfanara Najnin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20W.%20Roach"> Michael W. Roach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jr."> Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Jianhong%20Cecilia%20Xia"> Dr. Jianhong Cecilia Xia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The SkyCar Rapid Transit System (SRT) is an innovative intelligent transport system for the sustainable urban transport system. This system will increase the urban area network connectivity and decrease urban area traffic congestion. The SRT system is designed as a suspended Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) system that travels under a guideway 5m above the ground. A driver-less passenger is via pod-cars that hang from slender beams supported by columns that replace existing lamp posts. The beams are setup in a series of interconnecting loops providing non-stop travel from beginning to end to assure journey time. The SRT forward movement is effected by magnetic motors built into the guideway. Passenger stops are at either at line level 5m above the ground or ground level via a spur guideway that curves off the main thoroughfare. The main objective of this paper is to propose an integrated Automated Transit Network (ATN) technology for the future intelligent transport system in the urban built environment. To fulfil the objective a 4D simulated model in the urban built environment has been proposed by using the concept of SRT-ATN system. The methodology for the design, construction and testing parameters of a Technology Demonstrator (TD) for proof of concept and a Simulator (S) has been demonstrated. The completed TD and S will provide an excellent proving ground for the next development stage, the SRT Prototype (PT) and Pilot System (PS). This paper covered by a 4D simulated model in the virtual built environment is to effectively show how the SRT-ATN system works. OpenSim software has been used to develop the model in a virtual environment, and the scenario has been simulated to understand and visualize the proposed SkyCar Rapid Transit Network model. The SkyCar system will be fabricated in a modular form which is easily transported. The system would be installed in increasingly congested city centers throughout the world, as well as in airports, tourist resorts, race tracks and other special purpose for the urban community. This paper shares the lessons learnt from the proposed innovation and provides recommendations on how to improve the future transport system in urban built environment. Safety and security of passengers are prime factors to be considered for this transit system. Design requirements to meet the safety needs to be part of the research and development phase of the project. Operational safety aspects would also be developed during this period. The vehicles, the track and beam systems and stations are the main components that need to be examined in detail for safety and security of patrons. Measures will also be required to protect columns adjoining intersections from errant vehicles in vehicular traffic collisions. The SkyCar Rapid Transit takes advantage of all current disruptive technologies; batteries, sensors and 4G/5G communication and solar energy technologies which will continue to reduce the costs and make the systems more profitable. SkyCar's energy consumption is extremely low compared to other transport systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SkyCar" title="SkyCar">SkyCar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20transit" title=" rapid transit"> rapid transit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intelligent%20Transport%20System%20%28ITS%29" title=" Intelligent Transport System (ITS)"> Intelligent Transport System (ITS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Automated%20Transit%20Network%20%28ATN%29" title=" Automated Transit Network (ATN)"> Automated Transit Network (ATN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20built%20environment" title=" urban built environment"> urban built environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4D%20Visualization" title=" 4D Visualization"> 4D Visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title=" smart city"> smart city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85628/skycar-rapid-transit-system-an-integrated-approach-of-modern-transportation-solutions-in-the-new-queen-elizabeth-quay-perth-western-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> A Compact Standing-Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator Driven by a Rotary Drive Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kareem%20Abdelwahed">Kareem Abdelwahed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Salama"> Ahmed Salama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Rabie"> Ahmed Rabie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hamdy"> Ahmed Hamdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Abdelfattah"> Waleed Abdelfattah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abd%20El-Rahman"> Ahmed Abd El-Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventional vapor-compression refrigeration systems rely on typical refrigerants, such as CFC, HCFC and ammonia. Despite of their suitable thermodynamic properties and their stability in the atmosphere, their corresponding global warming potential and ozone depletion potential raise concerns about their usage. Thus, the need for new refrigeration systems, which are environment-friendly, inexpensive and simple in construction, has strongly motivated the development of thermoacoustic energy conversion systems. A thermoacoustic refrigerator (TAR) is a device that is mainly consisting of a resonator, a stack and two heat exchangers. Typically, the resonator is a long circular tube, made of copper or steel and filled with Helium as a the working gas, while the stack has short and relatively low thermal conductivity ceramic parallel plates aligned with the direction of the prevailing resonant wave. Typically, the resonator of a standing-wave refrigerator has one end closed and is bounded by the acoustic driver at the other end enabling the propagation of half-wavelength acoustic excitation. The hot and cold heat exchangers are made of copper to allow for efficient heat transfer between the working gas and the external heat source and sink respectively. TARs are interesting because they have no moving parts, unlike conventional refrigerators, and almost no environmental impact exists as they rely on the conversion of acoustic and heat energies. Their fabrication process is rather simpler and sizes span wide variety of length scales. The viscous and thermal interactions between the stack plates, heat exchangers' plates and the working gas significantly affect the flow field within the plates' channels, and the energy flux density at the plates' surfaces, respectively. Here, the design, the manufacture and the testing of a compact refrigeration system that is based on the thermoacoustic energy-conversion technology is reported. A 1-D linear acoustic model is carefully and specifically developed, which is followed by building the hardware and testing procedures. The system consists of two harmonically-oscillating pistons driven by a simple 1-HP rotary drive mechanism operating at a frequency of 42Hz -hereby, replacing typical expensive linear motors and loudspeakers-, and a thermoacoustic stack within which the energy conversion of sound into heat is taken place. Air at ambient conditions is used as the working gas while the amplitude of the driver's displacement reaches 19 mm. The 30-cm-long stack is a simple porous ceramic material having 100 square channels per square inch. During operation, both oscillating-gas pressure and solid-stack temperature are recorded for further analysis. Measurements show a maximum temperature difference of about 27 degrees between the stack hot and cold ends with a Carnot coefficient of performance of 11 and estimated cooling capacity of five Watts, when operating at ambient conditions. A dynamic pressure of 7-kPa-amplitude is recorded, yielding a drive ratio of 7% approximately, and found in a good agreement with theoretical prediction. The system behavior is clearly non-linear and significant non-linear loss mechanisms are evident. This work helps understanding the operation principles of thermoacoustic refrigerators and presents a keystone towards developing commercial thermoacoustic refrigerator units. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refrigeration%20system" title="refrigeration system">refrigeration system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20drive%20mechanism" title=" rotary drive mechanism"> rotary drive mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standing-wave" title=" standing-wave"> standing-wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoacoustic%20refrigerator" title=" thermoacoustic refrigerator"> thermoacoustic refrigerator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60417/a-compact-standing-wave-thermoacoustic-refrigerator-driven-by-a-rotary-drive-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Anajaa-Visual Substitution System: A Navigation Assistive Device for the Visually Impaired</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Pablo%20Botero%20Torres">Juan Pablo Botero Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alba%20Avila"> Alba Avila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Felipe%20Giraldo"> Luis Felipe Giraldo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Independent navigation and mobility through unknown spaces pose a challenge for the autonomy of visually impaired people (VIP), who have relied on the use of traditional assistive tools like the white cane and trained dogs. However, emerging visually assistive technologies (VAT) have proposed several human-machine interfaces (HMIs) that could improve VIP’s ability for self-guidance. Hereby, we introduce the design and implementation of a visually assistive device, Anajaa – Visual Substitution System (AVSS). This system integrates ultrasonic sensors with custom electronics, and computer vision models (convolutional neural networks), in order to achieve a robust system that acquires information of the surrounding space and transmits it to the user in an intuitive and efficient manner. AVSS consists of two modules: the sensing and the actuation module, which are fitted to a chest mount and belt that communicate via Bluetooth. The sensing module was designed for the acquisition and processing of proximity signals provided by an array of ultrasonic sensors. The distribution of these within the chest mount allows an accurate representation of the surrounding space, discretized in three different levels of proximity, ranging from 0 to 6 meters. Additionally, this module is fitted with an RGB-D camera used to detect potentially threatening obstacles, like staircases, using a convolutional neural network specifically trained for this purpose. Posteriorly, the depth data is used to estimate the distance between the stairs and the user. The information gathered from this module is then sent to the actuation module that creates an HMI, by the means of a 3x2 array of vibration motors that make up the tactile display and allow the system to deliver haptic feedback. The actuation module uses vibrational messages (tactones); changing both in amplitude and frequency to deliver different awareness levels according to the proximity of the obstacle. This enables the system to deliver an intuitive interface. Both modules were tested under lab conditions, and the HMI was additionally tested with a focal group of VIP. The lab testing was conducted in order to establish the processing speed of the computer vision algorithms. This experimentation determined that the model can process 0.59 frames per second (FPS); this is considered as an adequate processing speed taking into account that the walking speed of VIP is 1.439 m/s. In order to test the HMI, we conducted a focal group composed of two females and two males between the ages of 35-65 years. The subject selection was aided by the Colombian Cooperative of Work and Services for the Sightless (COOTRASIN). We analyzed the learning process of the haptic messages throughout five experimentation sessions using two metrics: message discrimination and localization success. These correspond to the ability of the subjects to recognize different tactones and locate them within the tactile display. Both were calculated as the mean across all subjects. Results show that the focal group achieved message discrimination of 70% and a localization success of 80%, demonstrating how the proposed HMI leads to the appropriation and understanding of the feedback messages, enabling the user’s awareness of its surrounding space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision%20on%20embedded%20systems" title="computer vision on embedded systems">computer vision on embedded systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20trave%20aids" title=" electronic trave aids"> electronic trave aids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-machine%20interface" title=" human-machine interface"> human-machine interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haptic%20feedback" title=" haptic feedback"> haptic feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20assistive%20technologies" title=" visual assistive technologies"> visual assistive technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20substitution%20systems" title=" vision substitution systems"> vision substitution systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138119/anajaa-visual-substitution-system-a-navigation-assistive-device-for-the-visually-impaired" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> ARGO: An Open Designed Unmanned Surface Vehicle Mapping Autonomous Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Papakonstantinou%20Apostolos">Papakonstantinou Apostolos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Argyrios%20Moustakas"> Argyrios Moustakas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panagiotis%20Zervos"> Panagiotis Zervos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Stefanakis"> Dimitrios Stefanakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manolis%20Tsapakis"> Manolis Tsapakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nektarios%20Spyridakis"> Nektarios Spyridakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Paspaliari"> Mary Paspaliari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christos%20Kontos"> Christos Kontos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonis%20Legakis"> Antonis Legakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarantis%20Houzouris"> Sarantis Houzouris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20Topouzelis"> Konstantinos Topouzelis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For years unmanned and remotely operated robots have been used as tools in industry research and education. The rapid development and miniaturization of sensors that can be attached to remotely operated vehicles in recent years allowed industry leaders and researchers to utilize them as an affordable means for data acquisition in air, land, and sea. Despite the recent developments in the ground and unmanned airborne vehicles, a small number of Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) platforms are targeted for mapping and monitoring environmental parameters for research and industry purposes. The ARGO project is developed an open-design USV equipped with multi-level control hardware architecture and state-of-the-art sensors and payloads for the autonomous monitoring of environmental parameters in large sea areas. The proposed USV is a catamaran-type USV controlled over a wireless radio link (5G) for long-range mapping capabilities and control for a ground-based control station. The ARGO USV has a propulsion control using 2x fully redundant electric trolling motors with active vector thrust for omnidirectional movement, navigation with opensource autopilot system with high accuracy GNSS device, and communication with the 2.4Ghz digital link able to provide 20km of Line of Sight (Los) range distance. The 3-meter dual hull design and composite structure offer well above 80kg of usable payload capacity. Furthermore, sun and friction energy harvesting methods provide clean energy to the propulsion system. The design is highly modular, where each component or payload can be replaced or modified according to the desired task (industrial or research). The system can be equipped with Multiparameter Sonde, measuring up to 20 water parameters simultaneously, such as conductivity, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, etc. Furthermore, a high-end multibeam echo sounder can be installed in a specific boat datum for shallow water high-resolution seabed mapping. The system is designed to operate in the Aegean Sea. The developed USV is planned to be utilized as a system for autonomous data acquisition, mapping, and monitoring bathymetry and various environmental parameters. ARGO USV can operate in small or large ports with high maneuverability and endurance to map large geographical extends at sea. The system presents state of the art solutions in the following areas i) the on-board/real-time data processing/analysis capabilities, ii) the energy-independent and environmentally friendly platform entirely made using the latest aeronautical and marine materials, iii) the integration of advanced technology sensors, all in one system (photogrammetric and radiometric footprint, as well as its connection with various environmental and inertial sensors) and iv) the information management application. The ARGO web-based application enables the system to depict the results of the data acquisition process in near real-time. All the recorded environmental variables and indices are presented, allowing users to remotely access all the raw and processed information using the implemented web-based GIS application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitor%20marine%20environment" title="monitor marine environment">monitor marine environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20surface%20vehicle" title=" unmanned surface vehicle"> unmanned surface vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping%20bythometry" title=" mapping bythometry"> mapping bythometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20environmental%20monitoring" title=" sea environmental monitoring"> sea environmental monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157441/argo-an-open-designed-unmanned-surface-vehicle-mapping-autonomous-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servo%20motors&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servo%20motors&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servo%20motors&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servo%20motors&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servo%20motors&page=4">4</a></li> <li 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