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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Föreläsning</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 47 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="محاضرة – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محاضرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BChazir%C9%99" title="Mühazirə – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mühazirə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Лекция – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лекция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_magistral" title="Classe magistral – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Classe magistral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edn%C3%A1%C5%A1ka" title="Přednáška – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přednáška" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlith" title="Darlith – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Darlith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foredrag" title="Foredrag – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Foredrag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logaldallan" title="Logaldallan – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Logaldallan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorlesung" title="Vorlesung – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorlesung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loeng" title="Loeng – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Loeng" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture" title="Lecture – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lecture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clase_magistral" title="Clase magistral – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clase magistral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekcio" title="Lekcio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lekcio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezio_magistral" title="Lezio magistral – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lezio magistral" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="سخنرانی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سخنرانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enseignement_magistral" title="Enseignement magistral – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enseignement magistral" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9D%98" title="강의 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Դասախոսություն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դասախոսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuliah" title="Kuliah – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuliah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezione" title="Lezione – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lezione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%94" title="הרצאה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרצאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8" title="ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Лекция – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лекция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectio" title="Lectio – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lectio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paskaita" title="Paskaita – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paskaita" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoorcollege" title="Hoorcollege – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoorcollege" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AC%9B%E7%BE%A9" title="講義 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="講義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forelesning" title="Forelesning – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forelesning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leksiya" title="Leksiya – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Leksiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲੈਕਚਰ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੈਕਚਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyk%C5%82ad" title="Wykład – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wykład" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestra" title="Palestra – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palestra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leksiya" title="Leksiya – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Leksiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Лекция – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лекция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leksioni" title="Leksioni – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Leksioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture" title="Lecture – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lecture" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predn%C3%A1%C5%A1ka" title="Prednáška – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prednáška" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predavanje" title="Predavanje – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predavanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luento" title="Luento – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luento" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="விரிவுரை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விரிவுரை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82" title="ఉపన్యాసం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉపన్యాసం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="การบรรยาย – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การบรรยาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cniversite_dersi" title="Üniversite dersi – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üniversite dersi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" 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</div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lectures" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q603773" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigerad från <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sare&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Föreläsare">Föreläsare</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg/250px-Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg/375px-Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg/500px-Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1634" /></a><figcaption>Laurentius de Voltolina</figcaption></figure> <p>En <b>föreläsning</b> (synonym: <i>föredrag</i>) är ett längre, strukturerat muntligt anförande inför en grupp <a href="/wiki/%C3%85h%C3%B6rare" class="mw-redirect" title="Åhörare">åhörare</a>, med avsikt att presentera information eller <a href="/wiki/Undervisning" title="Undervisning">undervisa</a> i ett visst ämne. 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Föreläsaren reciterar i regel uppgifter som är av betydelse för föreläsningens innehåll. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Medeltiden" title="Medeltiden">medeltiden</a> läste universitetslärarna direkt ur ursprungskällan för <a href="/wiki/Studenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Studenter">studenterna</a>, som skrev ner föreläsningen. </p><p>Substantivet <i>föreläsning</i> går att spåra till 1300-talet och kommer av <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinets</a> <i>lectus</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/föreläsning"><i>Föreläsning</i></a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedins</a></i> nätupplaga.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Retorik" title="Mall:Retorik"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Retorik&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik">Retorik</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Genrer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Apologetik" title="Apologetik">Apologetik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blixttal" title="Blixttal">Blixttal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brandtal" title="Brandtal">Brandtal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Debatt" title="Debatt">Debatt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">Filibuster</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Demagogi" title="Demagogi">Demagogi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dialektik" title="Dialektik">Dialektik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sokratisk_metod" title="Sokratisk metod">Sokratisk metod</a>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Exemplum" title="Exemplum">Exemplum</a></i> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Föreläsning</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Genus_deliberativum" title="Genus deliberativum">Genus deliberativum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Genus_demonstrativum" title="Genus demonstrativum">Genus demonstrativum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Genus_judiciale" title="Genus judiciale">Genus judiciale</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Homiletik" title="Homiletik">Homiletik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Inledningsanf%C3%B6rande" title="Inledningsanförande">Inledningsanförande</a> · <a href="/wiki/Intr%C3%A4destal" title="Inträdestal">Inträdestal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jungfrutal" title="Jungfrutal">Jungfrutal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Linjetal" title="Linjetal">Linjetal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lovtal" title="Lovtal">Lovtal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oration" title="Oration">Oration</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polemik" title="Polemik">Polemik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diatrib" title="Diatrib">Diatrib</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eristik" title="Eristik">Eristik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Filippik" title="Filippik">Filippik</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Parentation" title="Parentation">Parentation</a> · <a href="/wiki/Predikan" title="Predikan">Predikan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agitation" title="Agitation">Agitation</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spin_(PR)" title="Spin (PR)">Spin</a>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Progymnasmata" title="Progymnasmata">Progymnasmata</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ethopoeia" title="Ethopoeia">Ethopoeia</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/%C3%84reminne" title="Äreminne">Äreminne</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="13"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/90px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/135px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/180px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2275" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bust_of_Cicero_(1st-cent._BC)_-_Palazzo_Nuovo_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bust_of_Cicero_%281st-cent._BC%29_-_Palazzo_Nuovo_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpg/90px-Bust_of_Cicero_%281st-cent._BC%29_-_Palazzo_Nuovo_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bust_of_Cicero_%281st-cent._BC%29_-_Palazzo_Nuovo_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpg/135px-Bust_of_Cicero_%281st-cent._BC%29_-_Palazzo_Nuovo_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bust_of_Cicero_%281st-cent._BC%29_-_Palazzo_Nuovo_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpg/180px-Bust_of_Cicero_%281st-cent._BC%29_-_Palazzo_Nuovo_-_Musei_Capitolini_-_Rome_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Termer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Aptum" title="Aptum">Aptum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Arete_(retorik)" title="Arete (retorik)">Arete</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Argument_(retorik)" title="Argument (retorik)">Argument</a> (<a href="/wiki/Entymem" title="Entymem">Entymem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epikirem" title="Epikirem">Epikirem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Argumentationsfel" title="Argumentationsfel">Fallasi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paradigm_(retorik)" title="Paradigm (retorik)">Paradigm</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Pro_et_contra" title="Pro et contra">Pro et contra</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Attentum" title="Attentum">Attentum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Benivolum" title="Benivolum">Benivolum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Copia" title="Copia">Copia</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Dekorum" title="Dekorum">Dekorum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dispositio" title="Dispositio">Disposition</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Exordium" title="Exordium">Exordium</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Narratio" title="Narratio">Narratio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Propositio" title="Propositio">Propositio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Argumentatio" title="Argumentatio">Argumentatio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Conclusio" title="Conclusio">Conclusio</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Docilem" title="Docilem">Docilem</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Doxa" title="Doxa">Doxa</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Endoxa" title="Endoxa">Endoxa</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Eunoia" title="Eunoia">Eunoia</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Fronesis_(retorik)" title="Fronesis (retorik)">Fronesis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Identifikation_(retorik)" title="Identifikation (retorik)">Identifikation</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Imitatio" title="Imitatio">Imitatio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Kairos" title="Kairos">Kairos</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Locus_(retorik)" title="Locus (retorik)">Locus</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Medel_f%C3%B6r_att_%C3%B6vertyga" title="Medel för att övertyga">Medel för att övertyga</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ethos" title="Ethos">Ethos</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Patos" title="Patos">Pathos</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Minnespalats" title="Minnespalats">Minnespalats</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Partes" title="Partes">Partes</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Intellectio" title="Intellectio">Intellectio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Inventio" title="Inventio">Inventio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Dispositio" title="Dispositio">Dispositio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Elocutio" title="Elocutio">Elocutio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Memoria" title="Memoria">Memoria</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Actio" title="Actio">Actio</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Persuasio" title="Persuasio">Persuasio</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Pistis" title="Pistis">Pistis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Retor" title="Retor">Retor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Den_retoriska_situationen" title="Den retoriska situationen">Den retoriska situationen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statusl%C3%A4ran" title="Statusläran">Statusläran</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Status_coniecturalis" title="Status coniecturalis">Coniecturalis</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Status_definitionis" title="Status definitionis">Definitionis</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Status_qualitatis" title="Status qualitatis">Qualitatis</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Status_translationis" title="Status translationis">Translationis</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Facklitteratur#Stil" title="Facklitteratur">Stil</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gstil" title="Lågstil">Låg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mellanstil" title="Mellanstil">Mellan</a> · <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gstil" title="Högstil">Hög</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Stilfigur" title="Stilfigur">Stilfigur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ornament_(stilistik)" title="Ornament (stilistik)">Ornament</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trop_(retorik)" title="Trop (retorik)">Trop</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Orator_(Cicero)" title="Orator (Cicero)">Talarens tre plikter</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Docere" title="Docere">Docere</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Delectare" title="Delectare">Delectare</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Movere" title="Movere">Movere</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Vir_bonus" title="Vir bonus">Vir bonus</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ltalighet" title="Vältalighet">Vältalighet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Retoriker</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Antiken</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aspasia" title="Aspasia">Aspasia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Augustinus" title="Augustinus">Augustinus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> · <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a> · <a href="/wiki/Isokrates" title="Isokrates">Isokrates</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lukianos" title="Lukianos">Lukianos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lysias" title="Lysias">Lysias</a> · <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Fabius_Quintilianus" title="Marcus Fabius Quintilianus">Quintilianus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> ·</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Medel- och tidigmodern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_av_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus av Rotterdam">Erasmus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Pizan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_la_Ram%C3%A9e" title="Pierre de la Ramée">Ramus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Modern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Michail_Bachtin" title="Michail Bachtin">Bachtin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Booth" title="Wayne Booth">Booth</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Burke</a> · <a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">McLuhan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Ong" title="Walter J. Ong">Ong</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman">Perelman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Armstrong_Richards" title="Ivor Armstrong Richards">Richards</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin" title="Stephen Toulmin">Toulmin</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;font-style:italic;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dissoi_logoi" title="Dissoi logoi">Dissoi logoi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Faidros_(dialog)" title="Faidros (dialog)">Faidros</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ad_Herennium" title="Ad Herennium">Ad Herennium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria" title="Institutio Oratoria">Institutio Oratoria</a> · <a href="/wiki/De_inventione" title="De inventione">De inventione</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orator_(Cicero)" title="Orator (Cicero)">Orator</a> · <a href="/wiki/De_Oratore" title="De Oratore">De Oratore</a> · <a href="/wiki/Panegyrici_Latini" title="Panegyrici Latini">Panegyrici Latini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Den_sublima_stilen" title="Den sublima stilen">Perì Hýpsous</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Analys</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dramatismen" title="Dramatismen">Dramatismen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pentadanalys" title="Pentadanalys">Pentadanalys</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Fantasy-Themeanalys" title="Fantasy-Themeanalys">Fantasy-Themeanalys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Genreanalys" title="Genreanalys">Genreanalys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ideologikritik" title="Ideologikritik">Ideologikritik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klusteranalys" title="Klusteranalys">Klusteranalys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metaforanalys" title="Metaforanalys">Metaforanalys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neo-aristotelisk_analys" title="Neo-aristotelisk analys">Neo-aristotelisk analys</a> · <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rl%C3%A4sning" title="Närläsning">Närläsning</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin#Toulminmodellen" title="Stephen Toulmin">Toulminmodellen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Historia</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_dictaminis" title="Ars dictaminis">Ars dictaminis</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_poetriae" title="Ars poetriae">Ars poetriae</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_praedicandi" title="Ars praedicandi">Ars praedicandi</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Atticism" title="Atticism">Atticism</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Studia_humanitatis" title="Studia humanitatis">Studia humanitatis</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Rostra" title="Rostra">Rostra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sofister" title="Sofister">Sofister</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trivium_(utbildning)" title="Trivium (utbildning)">Trivium</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Etik_(retorik)" title="Etik (retorik)">Etik (retorik)</a> · <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rskarteknik" title="Härskarteknik">Härskarteknik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pedagogisk_retorik" title="Pedagogisk retorik">Pedagogisk retorik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Psychagogia" title="Psychagogia">Psychagogia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Retorikf%C3%B6rlaget" title="Retorikförlaget">Retorikförlaget</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stilistik" title="Stilistik">Stilistik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stora_retorikpriset" title="Stora retorikpriset">Stora retorikpriset</a> · <a href="/wiki/Talskrivare" title="Talskrivare">Talskrivare</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tal%C3%A4ngslan" title="Talängslan">Talängslan</a> · <a href="/wiki/TED_(konferens)" title="TED (konferens)">TED</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsretorik" title="Vetenskapsretorik">Vetenskapsretorik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Visuell_retorik" title="Visuell retorik">Visuell retorik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latent_retorik" title="Latent retorik">Latent</a> · <a href="/wiki/Manifest_retorik" title="Manifest retorik">Manifest</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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