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skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Структура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Структура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Структура</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Структура-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Структура</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Структура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Температурно_деление" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Температурно_деление"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Температурно деление</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Температурно_деление-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Тропосфера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тропосфера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Тропосфера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тропосфера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тропопауза" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тропопауза"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Тропопауза</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тропопауза-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Стратосфера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Стратосфера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Стратосфера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Стратосфера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Стратопауза" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Стратопауза"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Стратопауза</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Стратопауза-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Мезосфера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мезосфера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Мезосфера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мезосфера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Мезопауза" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мезопауза"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>Мезопауза</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мезопауза-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Термосфера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Термосфера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.7</span> <span>Термосфера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Термосфера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Термопауза" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Термопауза"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.8</span> <span>Термопауза</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Термопауза-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Екзосфера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Екзосфера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.9</span> <span>Екзосфера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Екзосфера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Деление_по_състав_на_въздуха" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Деление_по_състав_на_въздуха"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Деление по състав на въздуха</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Деление_по_състав_на_въздуха-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Хомосфера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хомосфера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Хомосфера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хомосфера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хетеросфера" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хетеросфера"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Хетеросфера</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хетеросфера-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Деление_по_слънчевото_въздействие" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Деление_по_слънчевото_въздействие"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Деление по слънчевото въздействие</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Деление_по_слънчевото_въздействие-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Деление_според_взаимодействието_на_атмосферата_със_земната_повърхност" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Деление_според_взаимодействието_на_атмосферата_със_земната_повърхност"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Деление според взаимодействието на атмосферата със земната повърхност</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Деление_според_взаимодействието_на_атмосферата_със_земната_повърхност-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Състав_и_строеж_на_атмосферата" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Състав_и_строеж_на_атмосферата"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Състав и строеж на атмосферата</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Състав_и_строеж_на_атмосферата-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Процеси_в_атмосферата" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Процеси_в_атмосферата"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Процеси в атмосферата</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Процеси_в_атмосферата-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Процеси в атмосферата</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Процеси_в_атмосферата-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Нагряване_и_изстиване" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нагряване_и_изстиване"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Нагряване и изстиване</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нагряване_и_изстиване-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Изпарение_и_кондензация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Изпарение_и_кондензация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Изпарение и кондензация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Изпарение_и_кондензация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Движение_на_въздуха" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Движение_на_въздуха"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Движение на въздуха</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Движение_на_въздуха-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Външни_препратки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Външни_препратки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Външни препратки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Външни_препратки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Атмосфера на Земята</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 130 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarde_se_atmosfeer" title="Aarde se atmosfeer – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aarde se atmosfeer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdatmosph%C3%A4re" title="Erdatmosphäre – швейцарски немски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erdatmosphäre" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарски немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A2_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%AD" title="ከባቢ አየር – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ከባቢ አየር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A" title="غلاف الأرض الجوي – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلاف الأرض الجوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2" title="পৃথিৱীৰ বায়ুমণ্ডল – асамски" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৃথিৱীৰ বায়ুমণ্ডল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="асамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atm%C3%B3sfera_terrestre" title="Atmósfera terrestre – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Atmósfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="हवा – авади" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हवा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="авади" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerin_atmosferi" title="Yerin atmosferi – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yerin atmosferi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="یئرین آتموسفری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئرین آتموسفری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ер атмосфераһы – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ер атмосфераһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_atmuosp%C4%97ra" title="Žemės atmuospėra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žemės atmuospėra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Атмасфера Зямлі – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атмасфера Зямлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Атмасфэра Зямлі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атмасфэра Зямлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="वायुमंडल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वायुमंडल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2" title="পৃথিবীর বায়ুমণ্ডল – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পৃথিবীর বায়ুমণ্ডল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosferenn" title="Atmosferenn – бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Atmosferenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zemljina atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atmosfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9" title="تەوشک – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەوشک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A9ra_Zem%C4%9B" title="Atmosféra Země – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atmosféra Země" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Çĕр атмосфери – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕр атмосфери" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosffer_y_Ddaear" title="Atmosffer y Ddaear – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Atmosffer y Ddaear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordens_atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Jordens atmosfære – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jordens atmosfære" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdatmosph%C3%A4re" title="Erdatmosphäre – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erdatmosphäre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewa" title="Hewa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hewa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ατμόσφαιρα της Γης – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατμόσφαιρα της Γης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atmosphere of Earth" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera_atmosfero" title="Tera atmosfero – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tera atmosfero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atm%C3%B3sfera_terrestre" title="Atmósfera terrestre – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atmósfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Atmosfäär – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Atmosfäär" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurraren_atmosfera" title="Lurraren atmosfera – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurraren atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اتمسفر زمین – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتمسفر زمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmakeh%C3%A4" title="Ilmakehä – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilmakehä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95hkkund" title="Õhkkund – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Õhkkund" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A8re_terrestre" title="Atmosphère terrestre – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Atmosphère terrestre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfeere" title="Atmosfeere – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Atmosfeere" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampkring" title="Dampkring – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dampkring" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmaisf%C3%A9ar_an_Domhain" title="Atmaisféar an Domhain – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Atmaisféar an Domhain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Atmosfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sararin_Samaniya_na_Duniya" title="Sararin Samaniya na Duniya – хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sararin Samaniya na Duniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="אטמוספירת כדור הארץ – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אטמוספירת כדור הארץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="पृथ्वी का वायुमण्डल – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पृथ्वी का वायुमण्डल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Избрана статия"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemljina atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A8_Lat%C3%A8" title="Atmosfè Latè – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Atmosfè Latè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Երկրի մթնոլորտ – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրի մթնոլորտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphera_terrestre" title="Atmosphera terrestre – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Atmosphera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer_Bumi" title="Atmosfer Bumi – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Atmosfer Bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter-atmosfero" title="Ter-atmosfero – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ter-atmosfero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gufuhvolf" title="Gufuhvolf – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gufuhvolf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atmosfera terrestre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97" title="地球の大気 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地球の大気" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfier_a_Oert" title="Atmosfier a Oert – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Atmosfier a Oert" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swasana" title="Swasana – явански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Swasana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="явански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="დედამიწის ატმოსფერო – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დედამიწის ატმოსფერო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – каракалпашки" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жер атмосферасы – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жер атмосферасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B" title="ខ្យល់ – кхмерски" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខ្យល់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B2" title="ಭೂಮಿಯ ವಾಯುಮಂಡಲ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂಮಿಯ ವಾಯುಮಂಡಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="지구 대기권 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지구 대기권" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жер атмосферасы – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жер атмосферасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%ABr" title="Aër – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aër" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A4r_vun_der_%C3%84erd" title="Atmosphär vun der Äerd – люксембургски" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Atmosphär vun der Äerd" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_terr%C3%A8stra" title="Atmosfera terrèstra – ломбардски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Atmosfera terrèstra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81" title="ບັນຍາກາດຂອງໂລກ – лаоски" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບັນຍາກາດຂອງໂລກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаоски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_atmosfera" title="Žemės atmosfera – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemės atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemes_atmosf%C4%93ra" title="Zemes atmosfēra – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zemes atmosfēra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer" title="Atmosfer – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Atmosfer" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soson-drivotry_ny_tany" title="Soson-drivotry ny tany – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Soson-drivotry ny tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Земјина атмосфера – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Земјина атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൗമാന്തരീക്ഷം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൗമാന്തരീക്ഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дэлхийн агаар мандал – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн агаар мандал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="पृथ्वीचे वातावरण – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पृथ्वीचे वातावरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_Bumi" title="Atmosfera Bumi – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Atmosfera Bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%91%E1%80%AF" title="ကမ္ဘာ့လေထု – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာ့လေထု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampkring" title="Dampkring – долносаксонски" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Dampkring" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="долносаксонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डल – непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पृथ्वीको वायुमण्डल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardatmosfeer" title="Aardatmosfeer – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardatmosfeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordatmosf%C3%A6ren" title="Jordatmosfæren – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jordatmosfæren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordens_atmosf%C3%A6re" title="Jordens atmosfære – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jordens atmosfære" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A8ra_terr%C3%A8stra" title="Atmosfèra terrèstra – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Atmosfèra terrèstra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qilleensa_Marsaa" title="Qilleensa Marsaa – оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qilleensa Marsaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%B3" title="ପୃଥିବୀର ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳ – ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୃଥିବୀର ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਧਰਤੀ ਦਾ ਵਾਯੂਮੰਡਲ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਰਤੀ ਦਾ ਵਾਯੂਮੰਡਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_di_mundu" title="Atmosfera di mundu – папиаменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Atmosfera di mundu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папиаменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_Ziemi" title="Atmosfera Ziemi – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atmosfera Ziemi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ہوا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہوا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7" title="هوا – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هوا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_da_Terra" title="Atmosfera da Terra – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atmosfera da Terra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayra_pacha" title="Wayra pacha – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wayra pacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_da_la_terra" title="Atmosfera da la terra – реторомански" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Atmosfera da la terra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="реторомански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Atmosfera Pământului – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Atmosfera Pământului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Атмосфера Земли – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атмосфера Земли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पृथिव्याः वायुमण्डलम् – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पृथिव्याः वायुमण्डलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – сардински" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_o_Yird" title="Atmosphere o Yird – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Atmosphere o Yird" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ھوا – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھوا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zemljina atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="පෘථිවි වායුගෝලය – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෘථිවි වායුගෝලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Atmosphere of Earth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A9ra_Zeme" title="Atmosféra Zeme – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atmosféra Zeme" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozra%C4%8Dje" title="Ozračje – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ozračje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eenn%C3%A2m_%C3%A1imukerdi" title="Eennâm áimukerdi – инари-саамски" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eennâm áimukerdi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="инари-саамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera_e_Tok%C3%ABs" title="Atmosfera e Tokës – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Atmosfera e Tokës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zemljina atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84id-Atmosph%C3%A4re" title="Äid-Atmosphäre – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Äid-Atmosphäre" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiati" title="Wiati – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wiati" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordens_atmosf%C3%A4r" title="Jordens atmosfär – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jordens atmosfär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புவியின் வளிமண்டலம் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவியின் வளிமண்டலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="భూమి వాతావరణం – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూమి వాతావరణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Атмосфераи Замин – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Атмосфераи Замин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="บรรยากาศของโลก – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บรรยากาศของโลก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_atmosferi" title="Dünya atmosferi – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dünya atmosferi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера – тувински" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Атмосфера" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Музъемлэн атмосфераез – удмуртски" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Музъемлэн атмосфераез" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмуртски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Атмосфера Землі – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атмосфера Землі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%82_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7" title="زمینی کرۂ ہوا – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمینی کرۂ ہوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atmosfera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_quy%E1%BB%83n_Tr%C3%A1i_%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Khí quyển Trái Đất – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khí quyển Trái Đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfeer_(Eirde)" title="Atmosfeer (Eirde) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Atmosfeer (Eirde)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地球大气层" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93%27%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="ערד'ס אטמאספער – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערד'ס אטמאספער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oj%C3%BA%E1%BB%8D%CC%80run_ay%C3%A9" title="Ojúọ̀run ayé – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ojúọ̀run ayé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfe%C3%AAr" title="Atmosfeêr – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Atmosfeêr" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地球大气层" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-ki%C3%BB_%C3%AA_t%C4%81i-kh%C3%AC-khoan" title="Tē-kiû ê tāi-khì-khoan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-kiû ê tāi-khì-khoan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" title="地球大氣層 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地球大氣層" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umoyambulunga_Womhlaba" title="Umoyambulunga Womhlaba – зулуски" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umoyambulunga Womhlaba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3230#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(пренасочване от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Въздух">Въздух</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><div class="othermeaning-box"> <dl><dd><i>Вижте <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" class="mw-disambig" title="Атмосфера (пояснение)">пояснителната страница</a> за други значения на <b>атмосфера</b>.</i></dd></dl> <hr /></div> <table class="toccolours" style="margin-left: 1em; float:right; width: 10em;"> <caption style="font-size:larger;"><b>Атмосфера на Земята</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #001000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg/300px-Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg/450px-Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg/600px-Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3027" data-file-height="2010" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Снимка">Снимка</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Земя">Земята</a>, направена от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_17" title="Аполо 17">Аполо 17</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #87CEFF; text-align:center;"><b>Характеристики на земната атмосфера</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Маса (величина)">Маса</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера">атмосферата</a> </td> <td>5,1 × 10<sup>18</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Маса на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хидросфера">хидросферата</a> </td> <td>1,4 × 10<sup>21</sup> kg </td></tr> <tr> <td>Средна <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура">температура</a> </td> <td>288 <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> (15 <a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Скорост">Скорост</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Вятър">вятъра</a> </td> <td>0 до 100 <a href="/wiki/M/s" class="mw-redirect" title="M/s">m/s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Молекулна маса">Молекулна маса</a> </td> <td>28,97 <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Грам">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mol">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Повърхностно <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Налягане">налягане</a> </td> <td>1014 <a href="/wiki/Mbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbar">mbar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Повърхностна <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Плътност">плътност</a> </td> <td>1,217 kg/m³ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #87CEFF; text-align:center;"><b>Състав на земната атмосфера</b><br style="clear:both" /><i>(ppmv: части на милион по обем)</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">Азот</a> (N<sub>2</sub>) </td> <td>780 840 <a href="/wiki/Ppm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ppm">ppmv</a> (78,084 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">Кислород</a> (O<sub>2</sub>) </td> <td>209 460 ppmv (20,946 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон">Аргон</a> (Ar) </td> <td>9340 ppmv (0,9340 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Въглероден диоксид">Въглероден диоксид</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>) </td> <td>394,450 ppmv (0,039445 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон">Неон</a> (Ne) </td> <td>18,18 ppmv (0,001818 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хелий">Хелий</a> (He) </td> <td>5,24 ppmv (0,000524 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Метан">Метан</a> (CH<sub>4</sub>) </td> <td>1,79 ppm (0,000179 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Криптон">Криптон</a> (Kr) </td> <td>1,14 ppmv (0,000114 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород">Водород</a> (H<sub>2</sub>) </td> <td>0,55 ppmv (0,000055 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Диазотен оксид">Диазотен оксид</a> (N<sub>2</sub>O) </td> <td>0,3 ppmv (0,00003 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Въглероден оксид">Въглероден оксид</a> (CO) </td> <td>0,1 ppmv (0,00001 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ксенон">Ксенон</a> (Xe) </td> <td>0,09 ppmv (0,000009 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Озон">Озон</a> (O<sub>3</sub>) </td> <td>0 – 0,07 ppmv (0 – 0,000007 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Азотен диоксид">Азотен диоксид</a> (NO<sub>2</sub>) </td> <td>0,02 ppm (0,000002 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод">Йод</a> (I<sub>2</sub>) </td> <td>0,01 ppmv (0,000001 %) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Амоняк">Амоняк</a> (NH<sub>3</sub>) </td> <td>незначително количество </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Водни пари">Водни пари</a> (H<sub>2</sub>O) </td> <td>0,033 % </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #87CEFF; text-align:center;"><b>Структура на земната атмосфера</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #001000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Atmopsphera.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Atmopsphera.PNG/300px-Atmopsphera.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Atmopsphera.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="482" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Атмосферата на Земята</b> е газовата обвивка на <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Земя">земното кълбо</a>, наричана общо <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Въздух">въздух</a></b>. Състои се основно от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">азот</a> (78%) и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислород</a> (21%). Тя е жизнена среда за множество организми и спира голяма част от биологически вредните <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ултравиолетови лъчи">ултравиолетови лъчи</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Структура"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Структура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Структура" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Структура"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Атмосферата на Земята няма ясно изразена горна граница. Най-външните ѝ слоеве се простират до няколко хиляди километра височина, но 90 % от нейната <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Маса">маса</a> е съсредоточена в приземния 16-километров слой. Въпреки липсата на точна геометрична граница между атмосферата и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Космическо пространство">космическото пространство</a>, може да се дефинира понятието <i>физическа граница</i>. Физическата граница на атмосферата е височината, до която въздухът е все още достатъчно плътен, за да се регистрират ред физични явления, съотносими към земните, а не към космическите. </p><p>По своите физически свойства атмосферата е нееднородна – не само по вертикала, но и по хоризонтала. С увеличаване на височината се изменят съставът и редица други нейни свойства и параметри. Съществуват няколко деления на атмосферата. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Температурно_деление"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.BE_.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Температурно деление</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Температурно деление" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Температурно деление"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>За основа се взема средното изменение на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура">температурата</a> на въздуха с изкачването по височината (g = − dT/dz). Според отделните си признаци (изменение на температурата във височина, състав на атмосферния въздух и наличие на заредени частици) атмосферата се дели на пет основни слоя, наречени <i>сфери</i>. Между всеки от тях има преходни слоеве с малка дебелина, наречени <i>паузи</i>. Имената им зависят от местонахождението им, например над тропосферата се намира тропопаузата и т.н. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Сфера (слой)</th> <th>Н<sub>ср</sub> (km)<br style="clear:both" />(д. и г. гран.)</th> <th>Преходен слой (пауза) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Тропосфера</td> <td>8 – 16</td> <td>Тропопауза </td></tr> <tr> <td>Стратосфера</td> <td>11 – 50</td> <td>Стратопауза </td></tr> <tr> <td>Мезосфера</td> <td>55 – 82</td> <td>Мезопауза </td></tr> <tr> <td>Термосфера</td> <td>85 – 800</td> <td>Термопауза </td></tr> <tr> <td>Екзосфера</td> <td>800 – 20000</td> <td>няма </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Тропосфера"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Тропосфера</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Тропосфера" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Тропосфера"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тропосфера">Тропосфера</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Тропосферата е най-ниският слой от атмосферата. Има средна дебелина около 15 km. Дебелината ѝ нараства от <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Географски полюс">полюса</a> към <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Екватор">екватора</a>, като средните ѝ стойности са: над полюса – 8 – 10 km, в умерените ширини – до 10 – 12 km, в тропичните и екваториалните райони – 16 – 18 km. През лятото горната граница се издига, а през зимата височината ѝ намалява. С изкачването към горния край на тропосферата температурата намалява средно с 6 °C на километър, а налягането със 120 mbar/km. За горна граница на тропосферата се приема височината, на която температурата престава да се понижава. Средната годишна температура в горната граница на тропосферата на екватора е от – 47 °С до – 75 °С. </p><p>Тропосферата има постоянен състав: 4/5 азот и 1/5 кислород. Тя е разделена на три подслоя: ниска – на височина от 0 до 1 – 1,5 km; средна – от 1 – 1,5 km до 6 – 7 km и висока тропосфера – от 6 – 7 km до тропопаузата. В тропосферата се съдържа средно около 80 % от масата на атмосферата. Отвъд тропосферата условията не позволяват развитието на живота. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Тропопауза"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.B7.D0.B0"></span>Тропопауза</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Тропопауза" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Тропопауза"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Тропопауза">Тропопауза</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Тропопауза">Тропопаузата</a> разделя тропосферата от стратосферата. Има дебелина от няколкостотин метра до 10 – 11 km. Представлява задържащ слой за вертикалните движения, като резултат се получава разстилане на върховете на мощните <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Купесто-дъждовни облаци">купесто-дъждовни облаци</a> (Cb). Само най-мощните купесто-дъждовни облаци, във взаимодействие с най-интензивни възходящи движения, могат да пробият тропопаузата. На нивото на тропопаузата се наблюдават така наречените <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Струйно течение">струйни течения</a> – въздушни потоци със скорост от 150 до 300 <a href="/wiki/Km/h" class="mw-redirect" title="Km/h">km/h</a>. В границата на тропопаузата температурата не се изменя и за неин горен край се приема началото на повишаването на въздушната температура. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Стратосфера"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Стратосфера</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Стратосфера" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Стратосфера"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Стратосфера">Стратосфера</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Разположена е над тропопаузата. Характерно за нея е, че през цялата година над <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Тропик">тропичните ширини</a> (от екватора до около 30° с.ш.) и през <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Лято">лятото</a> в умерените (до 40 – 50°), а понякога и в полярните ширини температурата се повишава с височина. През цялата година над полярните райони (над 60°) и през <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Зима">зимата</a> над ширините, по-високи от 30 – 40°, се наблюдава постоянна температура до височина около 30 km, след тази граница температурата осезаемо нараства. Това явление се дължи на поглъщането на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ултравиолетова светлина">ултравиолетовите лъчи</a> от озоносферата, намираща се на тази височина. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Стратопауза"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.B7.D0.B0"></span>Стратопауза</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Стратопауза" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Стратопауза"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Стратопауза">Стратопауза</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Представлява слой с максимална температура. Разделя стратосферата от мезосферата. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Мезосфера"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Мезосфера</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Мезосфера" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Мезосфера"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мезосфера">Мезосфера</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Разположена над стратосферата. Характерно за нея е бързото понижаване на температурата – с 3 до 4 °С на всеки километър. На височината на мезопаузата температурата достига до −80 °С, −90 °С, а в някои случаи и до −120 °С. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Мезопауза"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.B7.D0.B0"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезопауза (страницата не съществува)">Мезопауза</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Мезопауза" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Мезопауза"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Разположена на височина 82 – 85 km. От нея нагоре свойствата на атмосферата започват да се изменят много съществено и в много отношения. Разделя мезосферата от термосферата. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Термосфера"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Термосфера</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Термосфера" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Термосфера"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Термосфера">Термосфера</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Наблюдават се изключително големи денонощни колебания на температурата. Установено е, че дневната температура може да достигне 1800 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Келвин">К</a> (1526,85 °С), докато нощната е от порядъка на 300 – 1000 К (27 – 726,85 °С) в зависимост от височината. Има повишена <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Йонизация">йонизация</a> на газовите молекули. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Термопауза"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.B7.D0.B0"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термопауза (страницата не съществува)">Термопауза</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Термопауза" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Термопауза"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Височина между 500 и 1000 km или по-висока. В нея има забележимо разсейване на атмосферни <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ">газове</a> в междупланетното пространство. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Екзосфера"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BA.D0.B7.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Екзосфера</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Екзосфера" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Екзосфера"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Екзосфера">Екзосфера</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Последният слой от земната атмосфера. Смята се за външна част на атмосферата, в която плътността на въздуха е все още различна от тази на междупланетния газ. Газовете и молекулите се движат с голяма скорост и се разсейват в космоса. Достига до 20 000 km, като тази височина се смята за крайна височина на атмосферата. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Деление_по_състав_на_въздуха"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D0.BE_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B2.D1.8A.D0.B7.D0.B4.D1.83.D1.85.D0.B0"></span>Деление по състав на въздуха</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Деление по състав на въздуха" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Деление по състав на въздуха"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>За основа се взема съставът на атмосферния въздух. Разграничават се два слоя: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Хомосфера"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Хомосфера</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Хомосфера" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Хомосфера"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дебелина до около 60 km. Обединява тропосферата и стратосфератата. Пропорционалното съотношение между постоянните компоненти на въздуха остава неизменно с височината. Съставът на въздуха е постоянен и не се променя. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Хетеросфера"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Хетеросфера</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Редактиране на раздел: Хетеросфера" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Хетеросфера"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Намира се над хомосферата. Пропорционалното съотношение между постоянните компоненти на въздуха се изменя. Съставът на въздуха търпи промени и вследствие на йонизацията. Фактически това е <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Йоносфера">йоносферата</a>, която обхваща слоевете мезосфера, термосфера и екзосфера. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Деление_по_слънчевото_въздействие"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D0.BE_.D1.81.D0.BB.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.87.D0.B5.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE_.D0.B2.D1.8A.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Деление по слънчевото въздействие</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Редактиране на раздел: Деление по слънчевото въздействие" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Деление по слънчевото въздействие"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>За основа на разделянето се взема влиянието на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Слънце">слънчевото излъчване</a> върху атмосферата. Разграничават се два слоя: </p> <ul><li><b>Ниска атмосфера.</b> Наблюдава се минимално влияние на непосредственото слънчево излъчване.</li> <li><b>Висока атмосфера.</b> Увеличено влияние на слънчевата активност.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Деление_според_взаимодействието_на_атмосферата_със_земната_повърхност"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4_.D0.B2.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BE_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.81_.D0.B7.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.B2.D1.8A.D1.80.D1.85.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82"></span>Деление според взаимодействието на атмосферата със земната повърхност</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Редактиране на раздел: Деление според взаимодействието на атмосферата със земната повърхност" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Деление според взаимодействието на атмосферата със земната повърхност"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>За основа се взема взаимодействието между атмосферата и земната повърхност. Разграничават се два слоя: </p> <ul><li><b>Планетарен слой</b> – влиянието на земната повърхност се отразява на всички метеоелементи.</li> <li><b>Свободна атмосфера</b> – влиянието на земната повърхност върху метеоелементите е по-слабо.</li></ul> <p>Атмосферата на височина над 80 – 85 km се нарича <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Йоносфера">йоносфера</a>. Тя има високата степен на йонизация на атмосферните газове. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ултравиолетова светлина">Ултравиолетови</a> и други излъчвания йонизират азотните и кислородните <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">атоми</a>, като откъсват по един <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електрон</a> от външната им обвивка и такъв атом се превръща в положителна <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Частица">частица</a> (йон). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Състав_и_строеж_на_атмосферата"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.8A.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B2_.D0.B8_.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B5.D0.B6_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>Състав и строеж на атмосферата</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Редактиране на раздел: Състав и строеж на атмосферата" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Състав и строеж на атмосферата"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Въздухът, който образува земната атмосфера, представлява смес от различни газове. Поради това, че тези газове не влизат в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">химични реакции</a> помежду си, сместа се нарича механична. Съставът на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Въздух">въздуха</a> близо до земната повърхност е установен с голяма точност. Освен основните газове – <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Азот">азот</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислород</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон">аргон</a>, в механичната смес участват и други газообразни примеси с много по-малка концентрация. Съставът на въздуха не е еднакъв на различни височини. </p><p>До височина от около 800 km в атмосферата преобладават азотът и кислородът. Над 400 km започва да нараства съдържанието на леките газове – в началото на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хелий">хелия</a>, а след това и на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород">водорода</a>. Над 800 km основното съдържание на атмосферата е главно водород. </p><p>Чисто схематично може да се приеме, че до около 200 km въздухът, обгръщащ Земята, представлява тънка и еднородна по своите физически характеристики обвивка. С издигането над повърхността намалява плътността, като неравномерното разпределение на плътността води до неравномерно разпределяне на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Маса">масата</a> на атмосферата. Около половината от масата се намира в слоя с височина до 5 km над Земята, а на височина до 30 km се съдържа около 99 %. Над 35 km атмосферната маса е не повече от 1 %. Въпреки това, и там протичат редица процеси и явления, които са резултат от прякото въздействие на слънчевото излъчване. Този 1 % всъщност представлява междинна кръгла брънка, реагираща на слънчевите излъчвания, и ги предава на по-долните слоеве от атмосферата. </p><p>От газовите примеси с по-малка концентрация, участващи в състава на атмосферата, най-голямо значение имат <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода">водните пари</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Въглероден диоксид">въглеродният диоксид</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Озон">озонът</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Серен диоксид">серният диоксид</a> и атмосферните <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Аерозол">аерозоли</a>. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Водна пара">Водни пари</a></b>: Около 13 000 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Кубичен километър">km<sup>3</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода">вода</a> в трите си агрегатни състояния се разпростират в атмосферата. Най-често срещано е газообразното и състояние – около 95 % под формата на водна пара. Тя постъпва в атмосферата при изпарението на океаните, моретата, както и от реките, езерата и другите водни басейни, разположени на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Суша">сушата</a>. Основното количество водни пари се намира в слоевете близо до земната повърхност (височина 2 – 3 km). Наличието на водни пари в атмосферата е изключително важно по няколко причини – образуват <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Облак">облаците</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Валеж">валежите</a>, участват в атмосферните <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Топлообмен">топлообменни</a> процеси и поглъщат лъчиста <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Енергия">енергия</a> (дълговълнова радиация 5,5 – 7 μm и над 18 μm).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Въглероден диоксид">Въглероден диоксид</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>)</b>: Има концентрация по-малка от водните пари – около 0,032 %. Поглъща интензивно дълговълновата <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Топлинно излъчване">(топлинна) радиация</a> и допринася за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Парников ефект">парниковия ефект</a>. Получава се от два източника – естествен (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вулканична дейност (страницата не съществува)">вулканична дейност</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Дишане">дишане</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Гниене">гниене</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Фотосинтеза">фотосинтеза</a>), и изкуствен (антропогенна дейност).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Озон">Озон</a> (О<sub>3</sub>)</b>: Образува се в горната част на стратосферата от UV радиацията, чрез рекомбинация на атомите кислород, и в тропосферата при гръмотевична дейност. Има най-голяма концентрация в слоя между 20 и 50 km, наречен озоносфера. Максималната му концентрация е на височина около 25 km. Озонната обвивка играе ролята на радиационен щит, защото поглъща биологично активната UV радиация от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Слънце">Слънцето</a> (0,2 – 0,29 nm). Озонът е химически неустойчив газ и количеството му намалява застрашително. Това се дължи на редица човешки дейности – отделяне на Н2, СО, СН4 и органични вещества, използването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фреон">фреони</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Серен диоксид">Серен диоксид</a> (SO<sub>2</sub>)</b>: От другите променливи газове голямо внимание заслужава серният диоксид. Той реагира с водните пари и образува частици, участващи в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кондензация">кондензационните процеси</a> при образуване на облаци и валежи (т. нар. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B4" title="Киселинен дъжд">киселинни дъждове</a>).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Аерозол">Атмосферни аерозоли</a></b>: Така се наричат съществуващите в атмосферата течни и твърди частици от различни вещества. Обикновено те са с много малки размери, намират се в хаотично разпръснато състояние и заедно с газообразните вещества са неотделима съставна част на атмосферата. Като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хигиена">хигиенен фактор</a>, наличието им в приземния въздух над определени количества е вредно – те го замърсяват, но от друга страна служат за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кондензация">кондензационни ядра</a> при образуване на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Облаци">облаци</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Валежи">валежи</a>. Поглъщат и разсейват лъчистата енергия в атмосферата. Произходът им е главно естествен земен – изригване на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Вулкан">вулкани</a>, прашни бури и др., и антропогенен – <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Сажди">сажди</a>, димни частици и други продукти при битови и промишлени процеси. В атмосферата постъпва и космическа <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Пепел">пепел</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Процеси_в_атмосферата"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.86.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.B8_.D0.B2_.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.84.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>Процеси в атмосферата</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Редактиране на раздел: Процеси в атмосферата" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Процеси в атмосферата"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Основните процеси в атмосферата са нагряването и изстиването на атмосферния въздух, изпарението и кондензацията, движението на въздуха. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Нагряване_и_изстиване"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B3.D1.80.D1.8F.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.B7.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Нагряване и изстиване</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Редактиране на раздел: Нагряване и изстиване" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Нагряване и изстиване"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Основен източник на топлина за Земята е Слънцето, което излъчва огромно количество енергия. Вътрешната топлина на Земята е също голяма, но земната кора е прекрасен изолатор и почти не я пропуска. Под влияние на слънчевите лъчи земната повърхност се нагрява. Най-силно се нагряват районите около екватора, между тропиците, където слънчевите лъчи падат почти отвесно. В посока към полюсите слънчевите лъчи падат все по-полегато и в тези части от света е студено. Количеството радиация, което постъпва на земната повърхност, е най-голямо в малките ширини (горещ топлинен пояс) и по-малко – в големите ширини (студен топлинен пояс). Едновременно с нагряването на Земята протича и отдаване на топлина в пространството. Колкото е по-нагрята земната повърхност, толкова повече топлина отделя. Затова топлоотдаването е по-голямо през деня, отколкото през нощта, и повече през лятото отколкото през зимата. Отделяната топлина затопля приземния въздух и затова той е най-топъл близо до земята. Във височина температурата на въздуха се понижава. Сушата се нагрява и изстива по-бързо от водата, затова въздухът над нея през лятото е по-топъл, а през зимата – по-студен в сравнение с този над водната повърхност. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Изпарение_и_кондензация"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.B8_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Изпарение и кондензация</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Редактиране на раздел: Изпарение и кондензация" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Изпарение и кондензация"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Нагряването на земната повърхност предизвиква отделяне от нея на водни пари, или изпарение. Най-голямо е изпарението от океаните, а най-малко – над пустините. На определена височина в атмосферата водните пари се сгъстяват, охлаждат и преминават в малки водни капки. Този процес на кондензация се съпътства с образуване на облаци и мъгли. При определени условия водните капки натежават и падат на земната повърхност във вид на валежи – течни (дъжд) и твърди (сняг, град). Под влияние на кондензацията на земната повърхност се образуват роса и слана. Извън тропосферата не се образуват облаци, така че няма дъждове или бури. Отвъд тропосферата условията не позволяват развитието на живота. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Движение_на_въздуха"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B2.D1.8A.D0.B7.D0.B4.D1.83.D1.85.D0.B0"></span>Движение на въздуха</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Редактиране на раздел: Движение на въздуха" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Движение на въздуха"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Атмосферно налягане</b>. Различно затопляне на земната повърхност предизвиква нееднакво атмосферно налягане. Въздухът има определено тегло и оказва натиск върху земната повърхност, който се нарича атмосферно налягане. Различното нагряване и затопляне е причина за различното атмосферно налягане в определени райони на Земята. Когато въздухът е силно нагрят, той се разширява и се издига във височина. При ниски температури е обратното. Районите, които се нагряват по-силно, затоплят повече атмосферния въздух и над тях той се издига във височина. Там атмосферното налягане е най-ниско. Местата, които се загряват по-слабо, се характеризират с по-студен и тежък въздух и над тях атмосферното налягане е най-високо. Зони с високо атмосферно налягане са тропиците и полярните райони, а с ниско – субполярните. Разликите в атмосферното налягане предизвикват хоризонтални (адвекция) и вертикални (конвекция) движения на въздуха.</li> <li><b>Атмосферна циркулация</b>. Разпределението на атмосферното налягане е причина за формирането на общата атмосферна циркулация на Земята – движения на въздуха от районите с високо атмосферно налягане към районите с ниско атмосферно налягане. Във височина се развива противоположно движение на въздуха в обратна посока и по този начин се образуват циркулационни кръгове. В атмосферната циркулация се образуват три циркулационни зони: зона на пасатна циркулация (тропици – екватор), зона на западните ветрове и на полярна циркулация (полюси-умерени ширини).</li> <li><b>Циклони и антициклони</b>. Движението на атмосферния въздух е свързано с образуването на огромни вихри – циклони и антициклони. Въздухът в циклона се движи възходящо от периферията към центъра поради ниското атмосферно налягане в центъра на вихъра. В циклоните на умерените ширини има два сектора – с топъл и студен въздух, разделени от топъл и студен атмосферен фронт. Въздухът в антициклона се движи низходящо от центъра към периферията, където налягането е по-ниско.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Space_Science_Data_Center,_NASA's_permanent_archive_for_space_science_mission_data" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html">Earth Fact Sheet: Terrestrial Atmosphere</a> //   National Space Science Data Center, NASA's permanent archive for space science mission data. Посетен на 6 април 2012.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на английски)</small></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Редактиране на раздел: Литература" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Литература"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Векилска, Б.</b> „Обща климатология“, Университетско издателство, 1991 г.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Външни препратки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint plainlinks" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 2px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top:5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Общомедия"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption>Общомедия</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left:40px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a> разполага с мултимедийно съдържание за <div class="interProject"><i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth%27s_atmosphere?uselang=bg">Атмосфера на Земята</a></b></i>.</div> </div> </div> <ul><li><span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На английски език"><b>(</b>(en)<b>)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/model/models_home.html#atmo">Атмосферни модели от НАСА</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041208005442/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/model/models_home.html#atmo">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2004-12-08 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шаблон:Земна атмосфера"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Атмосфера на Земята</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тропосфера">Тропосфера</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Стратосфера">Стратосфера</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мезосфера">Мезосфера</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Термосфера">Термосфера</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Екзосфера">Екзосфера</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Тропопауза">Тропопауза</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Стратопауза">Стратопауза</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезопауза (страницата не съществува)">Мезопауза</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термопауза (страницата не съществува)">Термопауза</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Екзопауза (страницата не съществува)">Екзопауза</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Озонов слой">Озонов слой</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Турбопауза (страницата не съществува)">Турбопауза</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Йоносфера">Йоносфера</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Шаблон:Атмосфери"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера">Атмосфери</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Значителни</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Венера (страницата не съществува)">Венера</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Земя</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81" title="Атмосфера на Марс">Марс</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%AE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Юпитер (страницата не съществува)">Юпитер</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Сатурн (страницата не съществува)">Сатурн</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Титан (страницата не съществува)">Титан</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Уран (страницата не съществува)">Уран</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Нептун (страницата не съществува)">Нептун</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Тритон (страницата не съществува)">Тритон</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Плутон (страницата не съществува)">Плутон</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Атмосфера на Осирис (страницата не съществува)">Осирис</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:0.01%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;"><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Атмосферата на Земята"><img alt="Атмосферата на Земята" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg/76px-Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg/114px-Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg/152px-Top_of_Atmosphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3027" data-file-height="2010" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Незначителни</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Атмосфера на Меркурий">Меркурий</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Атмосфера на Луната">Луна</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Йо (спътник)">Йо</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Европа (спътник)">Европа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Ганимед (спътник)">Ганимед</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Калисто (спътник)">Калисто</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Енцелад (спътник)">Енцелад</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Вижте още</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Звездна атмосфера (страницата не съществува)">Звездна атмосфера</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кометна кома (страницата не съществува)">Кометна кома</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Извънземни атмосфери (страницата не съществува)">Извънземни атмосфери</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Атмосфера_на_Земята&oldid=12387470#Деление_по_състав_на_въздуха">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Атмосфера_на_Земята&oldid=12387470#Деление_по_състав_на_въздуха</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a 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