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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Kojiro Irikura</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Physics-Based Earthquake Source Models for Seismic Engineering: Analysis and Validation for Dip-Slip Faults </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Percy%20Galvez">Percy Galvez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anatoly%20Petukhin"> Anatoly Petukhin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Somerville"> Paul Somerville</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Miyakoshi"> Ken Miyakoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kojiro%20Irikura"> Kojiro Irikura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Peter"> Daniel Peter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physics-based dynamic rupture modelling is necessary for estimating parameters such as rupture velocity and slip rate function that are important for ground motion simulation, but poorly resolved by observations, e.g. by seismic source inversion. In order to generate a large number of physically self-consistent rupture models, whose rupture process is consistent with the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of past earthquakes, we use multicycle simulations under the heterogeneous rate-and-state (RS) friction law for a 45deg dip-slip fault. We performed a parametrization study by fully dynamic rupture modeling, and then, a set of spontaneous source models was generated in a large magnitude range (Mw > 7.0). In order to validate rupture models, we compare the source scaling relations vs. seismic moment Mo for the modeled rupture area S, as well as average slip Dave and the slip asperity area Sa, with similar scaling relations from the source inversions. Ground motions were also computed from our models. Their peak ground velocities (PGV) agree well with the GMPE values. We obtained good agreement of the permanent surface offset values with empirical relations. From the heterogeneous rupture models, we analyzed parameters, which are critical for ground motion simulations, i.e. distributions of slip, slip rate, rupture initiation points, rupture velocities, and source time functions. We studied cross-correlations between them and with the friction weakening distance Dc value, the only initial heterogeneity parameter in our modeling. The main findings are: (1) high slip-rate areas coincide with or are located on an outer edge of the large slip areas, (2) ruptures have a tendency to initiate in small Dc areas, and (3) high slip-rate areas correlate with areas of small Dc, large rupture velocity and short rise-time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20dynamics" title="earthquake dynamics">earthquake dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20ground%20motion%20prediction" title=" strong ground motion prediction"> strong ground motion prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20engineering" title=" seismic engineering"> seismic engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20characterization" title=" source characterization"> source characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127500/physics-based-earthquake-source-models-for-seismic-engineering-analysis-and-validation-for-dip-slip-faults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> On the Analysis of Strategies of Buechi Games</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Termimi%20Ab%20Ghani">Ahmad Termimi Ab Ghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kojiro%20Higuchi"> Kojiro Higuchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present some results of simultaneous infinite games. We mainly work with generalized reachability games and Buechi games. These games are two-player concurrent games where each player chooses simultaneously their moves at each step. Our goal is to give simple expressions of values for each game. Moreover, we are interested in the question of what type of optimal (蔚-optimal) strategy exists for both players depending on the type of games. We first show the determinacy (optimal value) and optimal (蔚-optimal) strategies in generalized reachability games. We provide a simple expressions of value of this game and prove the existence of memoryless randomized 蔚-optimal strategy for Player I in any generalized reachability games. We then observe games with more complex objectives, games with Buechi objectives. We present how to compute an 蔚-optimal strategies and approximate a value of game in some way. Specifically, the results of generalized reachability games are used to show the value of Buechi games can be approximated as values of some generalized reachability games. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20Strategies" title="optimal Strategies">optimal Strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20reachability%20games" title=" generalized reachability games"> generalized reachability games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buechi%20games" title=" Buechi games"> Buechi games</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23287/on-the-analysis-of-strategies-of-buechi-games" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Modeling of Strong Motion Generation Areas of the 2011 Tohoku, Japan Earthquake Using Modified Semi-Empirical Technique Incorporating Frequency Dependent Radiation Pattern Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep">Sandeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Joshi"> A. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal"> Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piu%20Dhibar"> Piu Dhibar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parveen%20Kumar"> Parveen Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work strong ground motion has been simulated using a modified semi-empirical technique (MSET), with frequency dependent radiation pattern model. Joshi et al. (2014) have modified the semi-empirical technique to incorporate the modeling of strong motion generation areas (SMGAs). A frequency dependent radiation pattern model is applied to simulate high frequency ground motion more precisely. Identified SMGAs (Kurahashi and Irikura 2012) of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0) were modeled using this modified technique. Records are simulated for both frequency dependent and constant radiation pattern function. Simulated records for both cases are compared with observed records in terms of peak ground acceleration and pseudo acceleration response spectra at different stations. Comparison of simulated and observed records in terms of root mean square error suggests that the method is capable of simulating record which matches in a wide frequency range for this earthquake and bears realistic appearance in terms of shape and strong motion parameters. The results confirm the efficacy and suitability of rupture model defined by five SMGAs for the developed modified technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20ground%20motion" title="strong ground motion">strong ground motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-empirical" title=" semi-empirical"> semi-empirical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20motion%20generation%20area" title=" strong motion generation area"> strong motion generation area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20dependent%20radiation%20pattern" title=" frequency dependent radiation pattern"> frequency dependent radiation pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2011%20Tohoku%20Earthquake" title=" 2011 Tohoku Earthquake"> 2011 Tohoku Earthquake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21731/modeling-of-strong-motion-generation-areas-of-the-2011-tohoku-japan-earthquake-using-modified-semi-empirical-technique-incorporating-frequency-dependent-radiation-pattern-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">542</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Spatial Accessibility Analysis of Kabul City Public Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Idrees%20Yusofzai">Mohammad Idrees Yusofzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirobata%20Yasuhiro"> Hirobata Yasuhiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matsuo%20Kojiro"> Matsuo Kojiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kabul is the capital of Afghanistan. It is the focal point of educational, industrial, etc. of Afghanistan. Additionally, the population of Kabul has grown recently and will increase because of return of refugees and shifting of people from other province to Kabul city. However, this increase in population, the issues of urban congestion and other related problems of urban transportation in Kabul city arises. One of the problems is public transport (large buses) service and needs to be modified and enhanced especially large bus routes that are operating in each zone of the 22 zone of Kabul City. To achieve the above mentioned goal of improving public transport, Spatial Accessibility Analysis is one of the important attributes to assess the effectiveness of transportation system and urban transport policy of a city, because accessibility indicator as an alternative tool to support public policy that aims the reinforcement of sustainable urban space. The case study of this research compares the present model (present bus route) and the modified model of public transport. Furthermore, present model, the bus routes in most of the zones are active, however, with having low frequency and unpublished schedule, and accessibility result is analyzed in four cases, based on the variables of accessibility. Whereas in modified model all zones in Kabul is taken into consideration with having specified origin and high frequency. Indeed the number of frequencies is kept high; however, this number is based on the number of buses Millie Bus Enterprise Authority (MBEA) owns. The same approach of cases is applied in modified model to figure out the best accessibility for the modified model. Indeed, the modified model is having a positive impact in congestion level in Kabul city. Besides, analyses of person trip and trip distribution have been also analyzed because how people move in the study area by each mode of transportation. So, the general aims of this research are to assess the present movement of people, identify zones in need of public transport and assess equity level of accessibility in Kabul city. The framework of methodology used in this research is based on gravity analysis model of accessibility; besides, generalized cost (time) of travel and travel mode is calculated. The main data come from person trip survey, socio-economic characteristics, demographic data by Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2008, study of Kabul city and also from the previous researches on travel pattern and the remaining data regarding present bus line and routes have been from MBEA. In conclusion, this research explores zones where public transport accessibility level is high and where it is low. It was found that both models the downtown area or central zones of Kabul city is having high level accessibility. Besides, the present model is the most unfavorable compared with the modified model based on the accessibility analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20generalized%20cost" title=" bus generalized cost"> bus generalized cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20model" title=" gravity model"> gravity model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transportation%20network" title=" public transportation network"> public transportation network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80208/spatial-accessibility-analysis-of-kabul-city-public-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Evaluation of Kabul BRT Route Network with Application of Integrated Land-use and Transportation Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Mutahari">Mustafa Mutahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nao%20Sugiki"> Nao Sugiki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kojiro%20Matsuo"> Kojiro Matsuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The four decades of war, lack of job opportunities, poverty, lack of services, and natural disasters in different provinces of Afghanistan have contributed to a rapid increase in the population of Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan. Population census has not been conducted since 1979, the first and last population census in Afghanistan. However, according to population estimations by Afghan authorities, the population of Kabul has been estimated at more than 4 million people, whereas the city was designed for two million people. Although the major transport mode of Kabul residents is public transport, responsible authorities within the country failed to supply the required means of transportation systems for the city. Besides, informal resettlement, lack of intersection control devices, presence of illegal vendors on streets, presence of illegal and unstandardized on-street parking and bus stops, driver`s unprofessional behavior, weak traffic law enforcement, and blocked roads and sidewalks have contributed to the extreme traffic congestion of Kabul. In 2018, the government of Afghanistan approved the Kabul city Urban Design Framework (KUDF), a vision towards the future of Kabul, which provides strategies and design guidance at different scales to direct urban development. Considering traffic congestion of the city and its budget limitations, the KUDF proposes a BRT route network with seven lines to reduce the traffic congestion, and it is said to facilitate more than 50% of Kabul population to benefit from this service. Based on the KUDF, it is planned to increase the BRT mode share from 0% to 17% and later to 30% in medium and long-term planning scenarios, respectively. Therefore, a detailed research study is needed to evaluate the proposed system before the implementation stage starts. The integrated land-use transport model is an effective tool to evaluate the Kabul BRT because of its future assessment capabilities that take into account the interaction between land use and transportation. This research aims to analyze and evaluate the proposed BRT route network with the application of an integrated land-use and transportation model. The research estimates the population distribution and travel behavior of Kabul within small boundary scales. The actual road network and land-use detailed data of the city are used to perform the analysis. The BRT corridors are evaluated not only considering its impacts on the spatial interactions in the city`s transportation system but also on the spatial developments. Therefore, the BRT are evaluated with the scenarios of improving the Kabul transportation system based on the distribution of land-use or spatial developments, planned development typology and population distribution of the city. The impacts of the new improved transport system on the BRT network are analyzed and the BRT network is evaluated accordingly. In addition, the research also focuses on the spatial accessibility of BRT stops, corridors, and BRT line beneficiaries, and each BRT stop and corridor are evaluated in terms of both access and geographic coverage, as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRT" title=" BRT"> BRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20land-use%20and%20transport%20model" title=" integrated land-use and transport model"> integrated land-use and transport model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20behavior" title=" travel behavior"> travel behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20development" title=" spatial development"> spatial development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140185/evaluation-of-kabul-brt-route-network-with-application-of-integrated-land-use-and-transportation-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> 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