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<li id="toc-Allied_Command_Atlantic_1952_to_2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_Command_Atlantic_1952_to_2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Allied Command Atlantic 1952 to 2003</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_Command_Atlantic_1952_to_2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>After the Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responsibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Responsibilities</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-NATO_Centres_of_Excellence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NATO_Centres_of_Excellence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>NATO Centres of Excellence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NATO_Centres_of_Excellence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leadership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy_Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Allied Command Transformation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="تحول قيادة الحلفاء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تحول قيادة الحلفاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" title="Allied Command Transformation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Allied Command Transformation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mando_Aliado_de_Transformaci%C3%B3n" title="Mando Aliado de Transformación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mando Aliado de Transformación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commandement_alli%C3%A9_Transformation" title="Commandement allié Transformation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Commandement allié Transformation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%B3%80%ED%98%81%EC%82%AC%EB%A0%B9%EB%B6%80" title="연합변혁사령부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연합변혁사령부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%89%E9%9D%A9%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D" title="変革連合軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="変革連合軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" title="Allied Command Transformation – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Allied Command Transformation" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" title="Allied Command Transformation – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Allied Command Transformation" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojusznicze_Dow%C3%B3dztwo_ds._Transformacji" title="Sojusznicze Dowództwo ds. Transformacji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sojusznicze Dowództwo ds. Transformacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Верховный главнокомандующий ОВС НАТО по трансформации – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верховный главнокомандующий ОВС НАТО по трансформации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCttefik_D%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCm_Komutanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Müttefik Dönüşüm Komutanlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Müttefik Dönüşüm Komutanlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D0%97%D0%A1_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Командування ОЗС НАТО з питань трансформації – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Командування ОЗС НАТО з питань трансформації" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="latitude">50°29′58″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°59′02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.49944°N 3.98389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.49944; 3.98389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">NATO strategic-level military command</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"SACT" redirects here. For the educational institution in Kerala, see <a href="/wiki/St._Aloysius_College,_Thrissur" title="St. Aloysius College, Thrissur">St. Aloysius College, Thrissur</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Allied Command Transformation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg/225px-Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg/300px-Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">19 June 2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naval_Support_Activity_Hampton_Roads" title="Naval Support Activity Hampton Roads">Naval Support Activity Hampton Roads</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.act.nato.int/">www<wbr />.act<wbr />.nato<wbr />.int</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Current<br />commander</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vandier" title="Pierre Vandier">Pierre Vandier</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>Allied Command Transformation</b> (<b>ACT</b>) (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i><b>Commandement allié Transformation</b></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a military <a href="/wiki/Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO), formed in 2003 after restructuring. </p><p>It was intended to lead military transformation of alliance forces and capabilities, using new concepts such as the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Response_Force" title="NATO Response Force">NATO Response Force</a> and new doctrines in order to improve the alliance's military effectiveness. When France rejoined the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Military_Command_Structure" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Military Command Structure">NATO Military Command Structure</a> in mid-2009, a significant change took place where the Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT) became a French officer. The first French officer to serve as SACT was <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> General <a href="/wiki/Stephane_Abrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephane Abrial">Stephane Abrial</a> (2009–2012). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_Command_Atlantic_1952_to_2003">Allied Command Atlantic 1952 to 2003</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Allied Command Atlantic 1952 to 2003"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allied Command Transformation was preceded by Allied Command Atlantic (ACLANT) established in 1952 under the overall command of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Atlantic" title="Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic">Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic</a> (SACLANT), with its headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>. ACLANT's purpose was to guard the <a href="/wiki/Sea_lines_of_communication" title="Sea lines of communication">sea lines of communication</a> between North America and Europe in order to reinforce the European countries of NATO with U.S. troops and supplies in the event of a Soviet/<a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> invasion of Western Europe. Following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the Command was reduced, with many of its subordinate headquarters spread across the Atlantic area losing their NATO status and funding. However, the basic structure remained in place until the Prague Summit in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> in 2002. This led to ACLANT being decommissioned effective 19 June 2003, and a new Allied Command Transformation being established as its successor.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Admiral <a href="/wiki/Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr.">Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr.</a> US Navy became the last SACLANT on 2 October 2002. He served as ACLANT commander until 19 Jun 2003. He then served as Supreme Allied Commander, Transformation, until 1 Aug 2005. Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stanhope" title="Mark Stanhope">Mark Stanhope</a> RN, the Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, then served as Acting Supreme Allied Commander until the arrival of General <a href="/wiki/Lance_L._Smith" title="Lance L. Smith">Lance L. Smith</a> USAF in November 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_Cold_War">After the Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After the Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the 2002 Prague Summit, it was decided that <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> should change its military structures and concepts, and acquire new types of equipment to face the operational challenges of coalition warfare against the threats of the new century. Thus NATO's military command structure was reorganized. One strategic command, Allied Command Transformation, was focused on transforming NATO, while the other strategic command focused on NATO's operations, <a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Operations" title="Allied Command Operations">Allied Command Operations</a>. Initial reports about a NATO transformation command began to appear in July 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ACT was formally established on June 19, 2003. </p><p>A suite of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225135511/https://transnet.act.nato.int/WISE/BRITE/Trifoldsfo/MaritimeSi/file/_WFS/MSA%20Tri-fold.pdf">"Baseline for Rapid Iterative Transformational Experimentation" (BRITE)</a> software was designed in response to the Maritime Situational Awareness request. This request, a product of a U.S. international and inter-agency initiatives termed "<a href="/wiki/Maritime_Domain_Awareness" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Domain Awareness">Maritime Domain Awareness</a>," serves to counter threats to the maritime commons including terrorism, human/drug smuggling, piracy, and espionage. </p><p>Since Allied Command Atlantic became Allied Command Transformation, commanders have included non-naval officers. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Lance_L._Smith" title="Lance L. Smith">Lance L. Smith</a> USAF commanded ACT from 10 Nov 2005 until 9 Nov 2007. He was succeeded by Gen. <a href="/wiki/James_N._Mattis" class="mw-redirect" title="James N. Mattis">James N. Mattis</a> USMC, who served from 9 Nov 2007 - 08 Sep 2009. A significant change was the assumption of command by a <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> officer, after France rejoined the NATO Command Structure in mid-2009. General <a href="/wiki/Stephane_Abrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephane Abrial">Stéphane Abrial</a>, former chief of the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> assumed command in 2009. French Air Force General <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros" title="Jean-Paul Paloméros">Jean-Paul Paloméros</a> replaced Abrial at the end of September 2012. On 30 September 2015 French Air Force General <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mercier" title="Denis Mercier">Denis Mercier</a> succeeded General Paloméros, in September 2018 General <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lanata" title="André Lanata">André Lanata</a> succeeded General Mercier, and in 2021 General <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lavigne" title="Philippe Lavigne">Philippe Lavigne</a> succeeded General Lanata. </p><p>The Deputy <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander" title="Supreme Allied Commander">Supreme Allied Commander</a> Transformation position is currently<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> filled by General Chris Badia of the German Air Force. He succeeded General Paolo Ruggiero, Italian Army, who succeeded Admiral Manfred Nielson, German Navy, who succeeded General Mirco Zuliani of the Italian Air Force, <a href="/wiki/Genera%C5%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Generał">General</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mieczysław Bieniek (page does not exist)">Mieczysław Bieniek</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Land Forces</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Zappata" title="Luciano Zappata">Luciano Zappata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Navy" title="Italian Navy">Italian Navy</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Admiral Stanhope. For several years, in a carryover from SACLANT, the Deputy's position was filled by a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> admiral. Stanhope's succession by Zappata meant an end to this practice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responsibilities">Responsibilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allied Command Transformation's current<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> mission is to: </p> <ul><li>provide the conceptual framework for the conduct of future combined joint operations;</li> <li>define how future operations will be conducted and what capabilities they will need;</li> <li>take new operational concepts, from others or self-generated, assess their viability and value, and bring them to maturity through doctrine development, scientific research, experimentation and technological development;</li> <li>implement both by persuading nations, individually and collectively, to acquire the capability, and provide the education and training, enabling concepts to be implemented by NATO forces.</li></ul> <p>A large number of conferences and seminars have been organised by the command in fulfilment of its conceptual development mission. These have included CD&E, a national Chiefs of Transformation conference, an examination of the Global Commons, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Armed_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of Armed Conflict">Law of Armed Conflict</a>, and a Multiple Futures project.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:552px"><div style="position:relative;width:550px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Territory_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Allied Command Transformation is located in NATO"><img alt="Allied Command Transformation is located in NATO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/NATO_Territory_Map.svg/550px-NATO_Territory_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/NATO_Territory_Map.svg/825px-NATO_Territory_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/NATO_Territory_Map.svg/1100px-NATO_Territory_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="324" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.262%;left:71.191%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="SHAPE"><img alt="SHAPE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><span style="padding-right: 2em"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">SHAPE</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.012%;left:73.525%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="    AC"><img alt="    AC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">    AC</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.482%;left:88.946%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="LC"><img alt="LC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">LC</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.233%;left:68.844%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="MC"><img alt="MC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Allied_Maritime_Command" title="Allied Maritime Command">MC</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.73%;left:72.056%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="JFCBS"><img alt="JFCBS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><span style="padding-right: 2em"><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" title="Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum">JFCBS</a></span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.301%;left:81.094%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="JFCNP"><img alt="JFCNP" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">JFCNP</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.753%;left:21.796%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="JFC NF"><img alt="JFC NF" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk" title="Joint Force Command Norfolk">JFC NF</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.936%;left:75.217%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title=" JSEC"><img alt=" JSEC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command" title="Joint Support and Enabling Command">JSEC</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.753%;left:21.796%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="HQ SACT"><img alt="HQ SACT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HQ SACT</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.95%;left:68.167%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="JWC"><img alt="JWC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Joint_Warfare_Centre" title="Joint Warfare Centre">JWC</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.849%;left:75.833%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="JFTC"><img alt="JFTC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Training_Centre" title="Joint Force Training Centre">JFTC</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.518%;left:67.344%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="JALLC"><img alt="JALLC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre" title="Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre">JALLC</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Territory_Map.svg" title="File:NATO Territory Map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Locations of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'s two strategic commands — <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Allied Command Transformation</a> (ACT) with its subordinate centres (blue marks) and <a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Operations" title="Allied Command Operations">Allied Command Operations</a> (ACO), headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe</a> (SHAPE) and including its subordinate and joint force commands (red marks).</div></div></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border:white"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left">POLITICAL-STRATEGIC LEVEL:</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_OTAN_landscape_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NATO_OTAN_landscape_logo.svg/120px-NATO_OTAN_landscape_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NATO_OTAN_landscape_logo.svg/180px-NATO_OTAN_landscape_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/NATO_OTAN_landscape_logo.svg/240px-NATO_OTAN_landscape_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">North Atlantic Council</a><br />(NAC)<br /><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, BEL</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-General of NATO">Secretary-General</a><br />(SECGEN)<br /><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, BEL</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="International Staff">International Staff</a><br />(IS)<br /><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, BEL</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border:white"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left">MILITARY-STRATEGIC LEVEL:</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_International_Military_Staff.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_the_International_Military_Staff.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_International_Military_Staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_the_International_Military_Staff.svg/74px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_International_Military_Staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_arms_of_the_International_Military_Staff.svg/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_International_Military_Staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Staff" title="International Military Staff">International Military Staff</a><br />(IMS)<br /><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, BEL</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee.svg/74px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee.svg/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Chairman_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/NATO_Military_Committee" title="NATO Military Committee">Military Committee</a><br />(MC)<br /><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, BEL</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border:white"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left">STRATEGIC COMMANDS:</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg/90px-Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Allied_Command_Transformation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Allied Commander Transformation">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Allied Command Transformation</a> (ACT)<br /><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a>, USA</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg/42px-Coat_of_arms_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg/63px-Coat_of_arms_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg/84px-Coat_of_arms_of_Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/10px-Golden_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/15px-Golden_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_star.svg/20px-Golden_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Operations" title="Allied Command Operations">Allied Command Operations</a> (ACO)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>, BEL</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border:white"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left">TRANSFORMATION COMMANDS:</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;border:white"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:right">OPERATIONAL COMMANDS:</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Warfare_Centre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Warfare_Centre.svg/51px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Warfare_Centre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Warfare_Centre.svg/76px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Warfare_Centre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Warfare_Centre.svg/102px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Warfare_Centre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Warfare_Centre" title="Joint Warfare Centre">Joint Warfare Centre</a><br />(JWC)<br /><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a>, NOR</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum.svg/42px-Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum.svg/63px-Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum.svg/84px-Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="431" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Force Command Brunssum">Joint Force Command Brunssum</a><br />(JFC Brunssum)<br /><a href="/wiki/Brunssum" title="Brunssum">Brunssum</a>, NLD</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Air_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Air_Command.svg/42px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Air_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Air_Command.svg/63px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Air_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Air_Command.svg/84px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Air_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Allied Air Command</a><br />(AIRCOM)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base">Ramstein</a>, DEU</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Force_Training_Centre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Force_Training_Centre.svg/51px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Force_Training_Centre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Force_Training_Centre.svg/77px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Force_Training_Centre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Force_Training_Centre.svg/102px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Force_Training_Centre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Training_Centre" title="Joint Force Training Centre">Joint Force Training Centre</a><br />(JFTC)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>, POL</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples.svg/82px-Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">Joint Force Command Naples</a><br />(JFC Naples)<br /><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Naples" title="Metropolitan City of Naples">Naples</a>, ITA</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg/44px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg/67px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg/89px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="409" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">Allied Land Command</a><br />(LANDCOM)<br /><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, TUR</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre.svg/48px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre.svg/72px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre.svg/96px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre" title="Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre">Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre</a><br />(JALLC)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, PRT</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk.jpg/51px-Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk.jpg" decoding="async" width="51" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk.jpg/76px-Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk.jpg/102px-Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk" title="Joint Force Command Norfolk">Joint Force Command Norfolk</a><br />(JFC Norfolk)<br /><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a>, Virginia, USA</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Maritime_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Maritime_Command.svg/49px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Maritime_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Maritime_Command.svg/74px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Maritime_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Maritime_Command.svg/99px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Maritime_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Allied_Maritime_Command" title="Allied Maritime Command">Allied Maritime Command</a><br />(MARCOM)<br /><a href="/wiki/Northwood_Headquarters" title="Northwood Headquarters">Northwood</a>, GBR</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:12px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command.png/48px-Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command.png/72px-Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command.png/96px-Coat_of_arms_of_Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command.png 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="2039" /></a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command" title="Joint Support and Enabling Command">Joint Support and Enabling Command</a><br />(JSEC)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>, DEU</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The command's headquarters is in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States</a>. HQ SACT itself is organised into a command group, the Transformation Directorate, the Transformation Support Directorate, National Liaison Representatives, the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> Staff Element and Reservists responsible to HQ SACT. </p><p>The Transformation Directorate is headed by the Deputy Chief of Staff (DCOS) Transformation who acts as the Supreme Allied Commander, Transformation's (SACT) Director for guidance and coordination of the activities of his or hers Directorate Transformation, divided in two divisions: Implementation and Capabilities. Within the full scale of SACT's transformational responsibilities the Deputy Chief of Staff (DCOS) Transformation assists the Chief of Staff (COS) in the execution of his or her duties with emphasis on deliverables to the Alliance Military Transformation Process in order to enhance NATO's operational capabilities and to meet NATO's future requirements. </p><p>The Implementation Division, led by Assistant Chief of Staff (ACOS) Implementation, is responsible for guidance and coordination of the activities of two Sub-Divisions, Joint Education and Training (JET) and Joint Experimentation, Exercises and Assessment (JEEA), as well as providing guidance for the Joint Warfare Centre (JWC) and Joint Analysis Lessons Learned Centre (JALLC), in their efforts to enhance training programs, to carry out concept development and experimentation, to press on common standards, and to develop effective programs to capture and implement lessons learned. This division probably<sup>is there some doubt?</sup> serves as NATO's linkpoint to the annual U.S.-led <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coalition_Warrior_Interoperability_Demonstration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coalition Warrior Interoperability Demonstration (page does not exist)">Coalition Warrior Interoperability Demonstration</a>. </p><p>The Capabilities Division, led by Assistant Chief of Staff (ACOS) Capabilities, is responsible for guidance and coordination of the activities of three Sub-Divisions: of Strategic Concepts, Policy and Interoperability (SCPI); Future Capabilities, Research and Technology (FCRT) and Defence Planning (Def Plan) in their efforts to staff Capabilities, Concepts and Development products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subordinate_commands">Subordinate commands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subordinate commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reflecting NATO as a whole, ACT has a presence on both sides of the Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the deactivation of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Joint_Forces_Command" title="United States Joint Forces Command">United States Joint Forces Command</a>, the two organisations were co-located, and indeed shared a commander for some time. There is an ACT command element located at <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">SHAPE</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>, Belgium. ACT's major subordinate commands are the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Warfare_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Warfare Center">Joint Warfare Centre</a> (JWC) in <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a>, Norway; the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Training_Centre" title="Joint Force Training Centre">Joint Force Training Centre</a> (JFTC) in <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>, Poland; and the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Analysis_and_Lessons_Learned_Centre" title="Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre">Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre</a> (JALLC) in Monsanto, Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nnec.act.nato.int_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nnec.act.nato.int-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under a customer-funded arrangement, ACT invests about 30 million Euros into research with the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Communications_and_Information_Agency" title="NATO Communications and Information Agency">NATO Communications and Information Agency</a> (NCIA) each year to support scientific and experimental programs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NATO_Centres_of_Excellence">NATO Centres of Excellence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: NATO Centres of Excellence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Centre of Excellence (COE) offers recognized expertise and experience to the benefit of the Alliance, especially in support of transformation. Most are single-nation sponsored, but some are sponsored by multiple members. It provides opportunities to enhance education and training, to improve interoperability and capabilities, to assist in doctrine development and/or to test and validate concepts through experimentation. A COE is not a part of the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Military_Command_Structure" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO Military Command Structure">NATO Military Command Structure</a>, but their activities with NATO are coordinated through Headquarters SACT. Since COEs are predominantly multinational entities, most COEs are overseen by a steering committee (SC), that sets the programme of work and approves the budget for the COE.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SC consists of one voting representative of each Sponsoring Nation (SN) and a various number of observers. All decisions are made by consensus. </p><p>Principles: </p> <ul><li>No duplication or competition with existing NATO capabilities</li> <li>Nationally funded</li> <li>Conforms to NATO procedures, doctrines, standards and security policies</li> <li>Coordinated Programmes of Work provide guidance with inputs from both ACT and ACO organisations</li></ul> <p>NATO has the following accredited COEs: </p> <ul><li>The Air Operations Centre of Excellence - also knows as the Centre for Analysis and Simulation of Air Operations (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://air.defense.gouv.fr/air-operations-coe-caspoa">CASPOA COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Civil-Military_Cooperation_Centre_of_Excellence" title="Civil-Military Cooperation Centre of Excellence">Civil-Military Cooperation Centre of Excellence</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cimic-coe.org/">CIMIC COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li>The Cold Weather Operations Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forsvaret.no/en/education-and-training/coe-cwo">COE CWO</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Elverum" title="Elverum">Elverum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Operations_from_the_Sea_Center_of_Excellence" title="Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Center of Excellence">Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Center of Excellence</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cjoscoe.org/">CJOS-COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Command & Control Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c2coe.org/">C2 COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Cyber_Defence_Centre_of_Excellence" title="Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence">Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccdcoe.org/">CCD COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li>The Counter Improvised Explosive Devices Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciedcoe.org/">C-IED COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li>The Counter Intelligence Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cicoe.org/">CI COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li>The Crisis Management for Disaster Response Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmdrcoe.org/index.php">CMDR COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li>The Defence Against Terrorism Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coedat.nato.int/index.html">DAT COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li>The Energy Security Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enseccoe.org/en">ENSEC COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/EOD_CoE" class="mw-redirect" title="EOD CoE">Explosive Ordnance Disposal</a> Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eodcoe.org/en/">EOD COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li>The Human Intelligence Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natohcoe.org/">HUMINT COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li>The Integrated Air & Missile Defence Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iamd-coe.org/">IAMD COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li>The Joint Air Power Competence Center (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japcc.org/">JAPCC</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Kalkar" title="Kalkar">Kalkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Joint Chemical, Biological, Radiation, & Nuclear Defence Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jcbrncoe.org/">JCBRN Defence COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Vy%C5%A1kov" title="Vyškov">Vyškov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li>The Maritime Geospatial, Meteorological & Oceanographic Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mgeometoc-coe.org/Pages/homepage.aspx">MGEOMETOC COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li>The Maritime Security Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marseccoe.org/">MARSEC COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Military_Engineering_Centre_of_Excellence" title="Military Engineering Centre of Excellence">Military Engineering Centre of Excellence</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://milengcoe.org/Pages/default.aspx">MILENG COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li>The Military Medical Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coemed.org/">MILMED COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li>The Military Police Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpcoe.org/">MP COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li>The Modelling and Simulation Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mscoe.org/">M&S COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Mountain_Warfare_Centre_of_Excellence" title="NATO Mountain Warfare Centre of Excellence">Mountain Warfare Centre of Excellence</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mwcoe.org/">MW COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Begunje_na_Gorenjskem" title="Begunje na Gorenjskem">Begunje na Gorenjskem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li>The Naval Mine Warfare Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nmwcoe.org/">NMW COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Excellence_for_Operations_in_Confined_and_Shallow_Waters" title="Centre of Excellence for Operations in Confined and Shallow Waters">Operations in Confined and Shallow Waters Centre of Excellence</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coecsw.org">CSW COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Security Force Assistance Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsfacoe.org/">SFA COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li>The Space Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space-coe.org/">Space COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li>The Stability Policing Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nspcoe.org/">SP COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li>The Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratcomcoe.org/">STRATCOM COE</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a><sup id="cite_ref-independent-20150114_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-20150114-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Supreme Allied Commander Transformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th data-sort-type="number"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th class="unsortable">Portrait </th> <th>Supreme Allied Commander</th> <th data-sort-type="date">Took office</th> <th data-sort-type="date">Left office</th> <th>Time in office</th> <th>Defence branch </th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">1</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr.,_JFCOM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edmund Giambastiani"><img alt="Edmund Giambastiani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Admiral_Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr.%2C_JFCOM.jpg/95px-Admiral_Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr.%2C_JFCOM.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Admiral_Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr.%2C_JFCOM.jpg/143px-Admiral_Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr.%2C_JFCOM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Admiral_Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr.%2C_JFCOM.jpg/190px-Admiral_Edmund_P._Giambastiani_Jr.%2C_JFCOM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Giambastiani, Edmund</span><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(United_States)" title="Admiral (United States)">Admiral</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Giambastiani" title="Edmund Giambastiani">Edmund Giambastiani</a></b><br /><small>(born 1948)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">19 June 2003</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">19 June 2005</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002731000000000000♠"></span>2 years, 0 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="520" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">2</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lance_L_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lance L. Smith"><img alt="Lance L. Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lance_L_Smith.jpg/95px-Lance_L_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lance_L_Smith.jpg/143px-Lance_L_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Lance_L_Smith.jpg/190px-Lance_L_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Smith, Lance</span><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Lance_L._Smith" title="Lance L. Smith">Lance L. Smith</a></b><br /><small>(born 1946)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">10 November 2005</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">9 November 2007</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002729000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 364 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">3</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen_James_N._Mattis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Mattis"><img alt="James Mattis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Gen_James_N._Mattis.jpg/95px-Gen_James_N._Mattis.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Gen_James_N._Mattis.jpg/143px-Gen_James_N._Mattis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Gen_James_N._Mattis.jpg/190px-Gen_James_N._Mattis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Mattis, Jim</span><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">James Mattis</a></b><br /><small>(born 1950)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">9 November 2007</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">9 September 2009</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7002670000000000000♠"></span>1 year, 304 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5940" data-file-height="4680" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">4</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_St%C3%A9phane_Abrial_080524-f-1014w-154.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stéphane Abrial"><img alt="Stéphane Abrial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/General_St%C3%A9phane_Abrial_080524-f-1014w-154.jpg/95px-General_St%C3%A9phane_Abrial_080524-f-1014w-154.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/General_St%C3%A9phane_Abrial_080524-f-1014w-154.jpg/143px-General_St%C3%A9phane_Abrial_080524-f-1014w-154.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/General_St%C3%A9phane_Abrial_080524-f-1014w-154.jpg/190px-General_St%C3%A9phane_Abrial_080524-f-1014w-154.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1980" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Abrial, Stéphane</span><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" title="Général">Général d'armée Aérienne</a></i></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Abrial" title="Stéphane Abrial">Stéphane Abrial</a></b><br /><small>(born 1954)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">9 September 2009</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">28 September 2012</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003111500000000000♠"></span>3 years, 19 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">French Air Force</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">5</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros_cropped.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Paul Paloméros"><img alt="Jean-Paul Paloméros" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros_cropped.JPG/95px-Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros_cropped.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros_cropped.JPG/143px-Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros_cropped.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros_cropped.JPG/190px-Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros_cropped.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="624" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Paloméros, Jean</span><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" title="Général">Général d'armée Aérienne</a></i></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Palom%C3%A9ros" title="Jean-Paul Paloméros">Jean-Paul Paloméros</a></b><br /><small>(born 1953)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">28 September 2012</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">30 September 2015</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003109700000000000♠"></span>3 years, 2 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">French Air Force</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">6</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denis_Mercier_04299_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Denis Mercier"><img alt="Denis Mercier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Denis_Mercier_04299_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg/95px-Denis_Mercier_04299_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Denis_Mercier_04299_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg/143px-Denis_Mercier_04299_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Denis_Mercier_04299_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg/190px-Denis_Mercier_04299_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Mercier, Denis</span><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" title="Général">Général d'armée Aérienne</a></i></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mercier" title="Denis Mercier">Denis Mercier</a></b><br /><small>(born 1959)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">30 September 2015</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">11 September 2018</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003107700000000000♠"></span>2 years, 346 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">French Air Force</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">7</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_-_Andr%C3%A9_Lanata.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="André Lanata"><img alt="André Lanata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Portrait_-_Andr%C3%A9_Lanata.jpg/95px-Portrait_-_Andr%C3%A9_Lanata.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Portrait_-_Andr%C3%A9_Lanata.jpg/143px-Portrait_-_Andr%C3%A9_Lanata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Portrait_-_Andr%C3%A9_Lanata.jpg/190px-Portrait_-_Andr%C3%A9_Lanata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Lanata, André</span><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" title="Général">Général d'armée Aérienne</a></i></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lanata" title="André Lanata">André Lanata</a></b><br /><small>(born 1961)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">11 September 2018</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">23 September 2021</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003110800000000000♠"></span>3 years, 12 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">French Air and Space Force</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">8</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_Lavigne.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Philippe Lavigne"><img alt="Philippe Lavigne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Philippe_Lavigne.png/95px-Philippe_Lavigne.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Philippe_Lavigne.png/143px-Philippe_Lavigne.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Philippe_Lavigne.png/190px-Philippe_Lavigne.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="977" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Lavigne, Philippe</span><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral" title="Général">Général d'armée Aérienne</a></i></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lavigne" title="Philippe Lavigne">Philippe Lavigne</a></b><br /><small>(born 1965)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">23 September 2021</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">23 September 2024</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7003109600000000000♠"></span>3 years, 0 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">French Air and Space Force</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">9</td><td style="; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="width:px;height:px;overflow:hidden;position:relative"> <div style="position:relative;top:-px;left:-px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Vandier_210915-N-TR763-2083_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pierre Vandier"><img alt="Pierre Vandier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pierre_Vandier_210915-N-TR763-2083_%28cropped%29.jpg/95px-Pierre_Vandier_210915-N-TR763-2083_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pierre_Vandier_210915-N-TR763-2083_%28cropped%29.jpg/143px-Pierre_Vandier_210915-N-TR763-2083_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pierre_Vandier_210915-N-TR763-2083_%28cropped%29.jpg/190px-Pierre_Vandier_210915-N-TR763-2083_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="442" /></a></span></div></div></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span style="display:none">Vandier, Pierre</span><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Amiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Amiral">Amiral</a></i></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vandier" title="Pierre Vandier">Pierre Vandier</a></b><br /><small>(born 1967)</small></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;">23 September 2024</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><i>incumbent</i></td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span data-sort-value="7001590000000000000♠"></span>59 days</td><td style="text-align:center; background:transparent;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/23px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/35px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/46px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation">Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Picture </th> <th>Began office </th> <th>End office </th> <th>Defence branch </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral (United Kingdom)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Forbes" title="Ian Forbes">Sir Ian Forbes</a><br /><small>(born 1946)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">1 July 2003 </td> <td align="center">10 July 2004 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral (United Kingdom)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stanhope" title="Mark Stanhope">Sir Mark Stanhope</a><br /><small>(born 1952)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Mark_Stanhope_farewell_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sir_Mark_Stanhope_farewell_%28cropped%29.jpg/95px-Sir_Mark_Stanhope_farewell_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sir_Mark_Stanhope_farewell_%28cropped%29.jpg/143px-Sir_Mark_Stanhope_farewell_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sir_Mark_Stanhope_farewell_%28cropped%29.jpg/190px-Sir_Mark_Stanhope_farewell_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="393" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center">10 July 2004 </td> <td align="center">3 July 2007 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Zappata" title="Luciano Zappata">Luciano Zappata</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luciano_Zappata_and_Alojz_%C5%A0teiner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Luciano_Zappata_and_Alojz_%C5%A0teiner.jpg/95px-Luciano_Zappata_and_Alojz_%C5%A0teiner.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Luciano_Zappata_and_Alojz_%C5%A0teiner.jpg/143px-Luciano_Zappata_and_Alojz_%C5%A0teiner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Luciano_Zappata_and_Alojz_%C5%A0teiner.jpg/190px-Luciano_Zappata_and_Alojz_%C5%A0teiner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center">3 July 2007 </td> <td align="center">29 September 2010 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/45px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Navy" title="Italian Navy">Italian Navy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek" class="extiw" title="pl:Mieczysław Bieniek">Mieczysław Bieniek</a><br /><small>(born 1951)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek.JPG/95px-Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek.JPG" decoding="async" width="95" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek.JPG/143px-Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek.JPG/190px-Mieczys%C5%82aw_Bieniek.JPG 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="968" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center">29 September 2010 </td> <td align="center">3 September 2013 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1681" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Land Forces</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirco_Zuliani" title="Mirco Zuliani">Mirco Zuliani</a><br /><small>(born 1953)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._Mirco_Zuliani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gen._Mirco_Zuliani.jpg/95px-Gen._Mirco_Zuliani.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gen._Mirco_Zuliani.jpg/143px-Gen._Mirco_Zuliani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gen._Mirco_Zuliani.jpg/190px-Gen._Mirco_Zuliani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1643" data-file-height="1667" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center">3 September 2013 </td> <td align="center">24 March 2016 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Air_Force" title="Italian Air Force">Italian Air Force</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(Germany)" title="Admiral (Germany)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Nielson" title="Manfred Nielson">Manfred Nielson</a><br /><small>(born 1955)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Manfred_Nielson_DSACT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Admiral_Manfred_Nielson_DSACT.jpg/95px-Admiral_Manfred_Nielson_DSACT.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Admiral_Manfred_Nielson_DSACT.jpg/143px-Admiral_Manfred_Nielson_DSACT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Admiral_Manfred_Nielson_DSACT.jpg/190px-Admiral_Manfred_Nielson_DSACT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center">24 March 2016 </td> <td align="center">19 July 2019 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Ruggiero" title="Paolo Ruggiero">Paolo Ruggiero</a><br /><small>(born 1957)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DSACT2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DSACT2019.jpg/95px-DSACT2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DSACT2019.jpg/143px-DSACT2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/DSACT2019.jpg/190px-DSACT2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center">19 July 2019 </td> <td align="center">7 July 2022 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(Germany)" title="General (Germany)">General</a> Chris Badia<br /><small>(born 1963)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Chris_Badia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Chris Badia"><img alt="General Chris Badia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/General_Chris_Badia.jpg/95px-General_Chris_Badia.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/General_Chris_Badia.jpg/143px-General_Chris_Badia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/General_Chris_Badia.jpg/190px-General_Chris_Badia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center">7 July 2022 </td> <td align="center"><i>incumbent</i> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"English and French shall be the official languages for the entire North Atlantic Treaty Organization." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/docu/comm/49-95/c490917a.htm">Final Communiqué following the meeting of the North Atlantic Council on 17 September 1949</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206002220/http://www.nato.int/docu/comm/49-95/c490917a.htm">Archived</a> 6 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "... the English and French texts [of the Treaty] are equally authentic ..." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm">The North Atlantic Treaty, Article 14</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110914102953/http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm">Archived</a> 14 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=28854">"New NATO Transformation Command Established in Norfolk"</a>. <i>American Forces Press Service</i>. United States Department of Defense. 19 June 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917023658/http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=28854">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Forces+Press+Service&rft.atitle=New+NATO+Transformation+Command+Established+in+Norfolk&rft.date=2003-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenselink.mil%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D28854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllied+Command+Transformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin Robinson, 'NATO's Command Structure Prepares for Shakeup', <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Defense_Information" title="Center for Defense Information">Center for Defense Information</a>, 2 July 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamptonroads.com/node/291231">Outgoing NATO deputy commander has seen growing pains</a>, Virginian-Pilot, July 3, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.act.nato.int">"NATO ACT"</a>. <i>www.act.nato.int</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.act.nato.int&rft.atitle=NATO+ACT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.act.nato.int&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllied+Command+Transformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allied Command Transformation, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.act.nato.int/general-info/history-of-allied-command-transformation">ACT History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625232038/http://www.act.nato.int/general-info/history-of-allied-command-transformation">Archived</a> 2012-06-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed November 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.act.nato.int/who-we-are">"Who We Are"</a>. <i>Allied Command Transformation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allied+Command+Transformation&rft.atitle=Who+We+Are&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.act.nato.int%2Fwho-we-are&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllied+Command+Transformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nnec.act.nato.int-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nnec.act.nato.int_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_68372.htm#">"Nato Centres of Excellence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nato+Centres+of+Excellence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcps%2Fen%2Fnatohq%2Ftopics_68372.htm%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllied+Command+Transformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131118092546/http://enseccoe.org/51-nato-energy-security-centre-of-excellence-steering-committee-holds-second-meeting-in-vilnius">"NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enseccoe.org/51-nato-energy-security-centre-of-excellence-steering-committee-holds-second-meeting-in-vilnius">the original</a> on November 18, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATO+Energy+Security+Centre+of+Excellence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenseccoe.org%2F51-nato-energy-security-centre-of-excellence-steering-committee-holds-second-meeting-in-vilnius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllied+Command+Transformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824134239/http://www.coemed.org/coemed/news-a-events/192-7th-steering-committee-meeting">"7th Steering Committee Meeting"</a>. Coemed.org. 2012-05-15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coemed.org/coemed/news-a-events/192-7th-steering-committee-meeting">the original</a> on 2017-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7th+Steering+Committee+Meeting&rft.pub=Coemed.org&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coemed.org%2Fcoemed%2Fnews-a-events%2F192-7th-steering-committee-meeting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllied+Command+Transformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The CJOS COE used to be a component of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Second_Fleet" title="United States Second Fleet">United States Second Fleet</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JAPCC is located at Von-Seydlitz-Kaserne, Römerstraße 140. D-47546 Kalkar. The JAPCC succeeds the Reaction Forces (Air) Staff, originally activated in 1993. The RFAS Memorandum of Understanding was terminated and all RFAS activities ceased on the formal activation of the Joint Air Power Competence Centre on 1 January 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/issues/iban/iban_report_2006-e.pdf">verified September 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Supported by the <a href="/wiki/German_Navy#Structure" title="German Navy">German Navy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzflottille_1" title="Einsatzflottille 1">Einsatzflottille 1</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-20150114-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent-20150114_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald-Gibson2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_McDonald-Gibson" title="Charlotte McDonald-Gibson">McDonald-Gibson, Charlotte</a> (14 January 2015). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/battle-in-cyberspace-nato-plans-to-help-the-west-win-the-information-war-with-russia-9978581.html">"Battle in cyberspace: Nato plans to help the West win the information war with Russia"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150115041230/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/battle-in-cyberspace-nato-plans-to-help-the-west-win-the-information-war-with-russia-9978581.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Battle+in+cyberspace%3A+Nato+plans+to+help+the+West+win+the+information+war+with+Russia&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft.aulast=McDonald-Gibson&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fgadgets-and-tech%2Fnews%2Fbattle-in-cyberspace-nato-plans-to-help-the-west-win-the-information-war-with-russia-9978581.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllied+Command+Transformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allied_Command_Transformation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Template:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Template talk:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animus_in_consulendo_liber" title="Animus in consulendo liber">Animus in consulendo liber</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_NATO" title="Flag of NATO">Flag of NATO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_NATO_Hymn" title="The NATO Hymn">The NATO Hymn</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Day" title="NATO Day">NATO Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Star" title="NATO Star">NATO Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_NATO" title="History of NATO">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_summit" title="NATO summit">Summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_operations" title="List of NATO operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">List of exercises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">Enlargement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_NATO" title="Withdrawal from NATO">potential withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to NATO">Opposition to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.nato" title=".nato">.nato Internet domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_NATO" title="Structure of NATO">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="International Staff">International Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Staff" title="International Military Staff">International Military Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">Land Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Maritime_Command" title="Allied Maritime Command">Maritime Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" title="Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum">JFC Brunssum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">JFC Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk" title="Joint Force Command Norfolk">JFC Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command" title="Joint Support and Enabling Command">Joint Support and Enabling Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Striking_and_Support_Forces_NATO" title="Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO">STRIKFORNATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHAPE_International_Band" title="SHAPE International Band">SHAPE International Band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Allied Command Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="NATO Parliamentary Assembly">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardization_agreement" title="Standardization agreement">Standardization agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Chair of the NATO Military Committee">Chair of the Military Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Organization">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Army of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Armed_Forces" title="Hellenic Armed Forces">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defence_Forces" title="Hungarian Defence Forces">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Iceland" title="Defence of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Latvian National Armed Forces">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Armed_Forces" title="Luxembourg Armed Forces">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Armed_Forces" title="Slovak Armed Forces">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" title="Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_NATO" title="Foreign relations of NATO">Multilateral relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Treaty_Association" title="Atlantic Treaty Association">Atlantic Treaty Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Dialogue" title="Mediterranean Dialogue">Mediterranean Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">Individual Partnership Action Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Cooperation_Initiative" title="Istanbul Cooperation Initiative">Istanbul Cooperation Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_global_partners" title="NATO global partners">NATO global partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">Open door policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="European Union–NATO relations">Relationship with the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Relationship with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward NATO expansion issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Science_for_Peace_and_Security" title="NATO Science for Peace and Security">Science for Peace and Security</a> (SPS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a> (METO/CENTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Gap" title="Suwałki Gap">Suwałki Gap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001035#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table 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