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resource</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: external resource"> <meta name="keywords" content="external resource"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="external resource"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4609</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: external resource</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4609</span> Technology Planning with Internal and External Resource for Open Innovation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeonghwan%20Jeon">Jeonghwan Jeon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technology planning with both internal capacity and external resource is necessary for successful open innovation. Until now, many types of research have been conducted for this issue. However, technology planning for open innovation at the national level has not been researched sufficiently. This study proposes Open roadmap for open innovation at the national level. The proposed open roadmap can manage the inflow & outflow open innovation systematically. Six types of open roadmap are classified with respect to the innovation direction and characteristics. The proposed open roadmap is applied to the open innovation cases of the Roman period. The proposed open roadmap is expected to be helpful tool for technology policy planning at the national level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20planning" title="technology planning">technology planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20innovation" title=" open innovation"> open innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20resource" title=" internal resource"> internal resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20resource" title=" external resource"> external resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20management" title=" technology management"> technology management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66834/technology-planning-with-internal-and-external-resource-for-open-innovation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4608</span> A Study on Employer Branding and Its Impact on Employee</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kvnkc%20Sharma">Kvnkc Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization, coupled with increase in competition is compelling organizations to adopt innovative strategies and identify core competencies in order to distinguish themselves from the competition. The capability of an organization is no longer determined by their products or services alone. The intellectual assets and quality of the human resource are fast emerging as key differentiators. Corporations are now positioning themselves as ‘brands’ not solely to market their products and services, but also to lure and to retain the best talent in the business. This paper identifies leadership as the ‘key element’ in developing an organization’s brand, which has a significant influence on the employee’s eventual perception of this external brand as portrayed by the organization. External branding incorporates innovation, consumer concern, trust, quality and sustainability. The paper contends that employees are indeed an organization’s ‘brand ambassadors. Internal branding involves taking care of these ambassadors of corporate brand i.e. human resource. If employees of an organization are not exposed to the organization’s branding (an ongoing process that functionally aligns, motivates and empower employees at all levels to consistently provide a satisfying customer experience), the external brand could be jeopardized. Internal branding, on the other hand, refers to employee’s perception of the organization’s brand. The current business environment can at best, be termed as volatile. Employees with the right technical and behavioral skills remain a scarce resource and the employers need to be ready to capture the attention, interest and commitment of the best and brightest candidates. This paper attempts to review and understand the relationship between employer branding and employee retention. The paper also seeks to identify potential impact of employer branding across all the factors affecting employees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20branding" title="external branding">external branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource" title=" human resource"> human resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20branding" title=" internal branding"> internal branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39384/a-study-on-employer-branding-and-its-impact-on-employee" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4607</span> Human Resource Development Strategy in Automotive Industry (Eco-Car) for ASEAN Hub</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phichak%20Phutrakhul">Phichak Phutrakhul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research were to study concepts and strategies of human resource development in the automotive manufacturers and to articulate the proposals against the government about the human resource development for automotive industry. In the present study, qualitative study was an in-depth interview in which the qualitative data were collected from the executive or the executive of human resource division from five automotive companies - Toyota Motor (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Nissan Motor (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Honda Automobile (Thailand) Co., Ltd., and Suzuki Motor (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Qualitative data analysis was performed by using inter-coder agreement technique. The research findings were as follows: The external factors included the current conditions of the automotive industry, government’s policy related to the automotive industry, technology, labor market and human resource development systems of the country. The internal factors included management, productive management, organizational strategies, leadership, organizational culture and philosophy of human resource development. These factors were affected to the different concept of human resources development -the traditional human resource development and the strategies of human resource development. The organization focuses on human resources as intellectual capital and uses the strategies of human resource development in all development processes. The strategies of human resource development will enhance the ability of human resources in the organization and the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource%20development%20strategy" title="human resource development strategy">human resource development strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20industry" title=" automotive industry"> automotive industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-cars" title=" eco-cars"> eco-cars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN" title=" ASEAN"> ASEAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12421/human-resource-development-strategy-in-automotive-industry-eco-car-for-asean-hub" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4606</span> The Role of Language Strategy on International Survival of Firm: A Conceptual Framework from Resource Dependence Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sazzad%20Hossain%20Talukder">Sazzad Hossain Talukder</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Survival in the competitive international market with unforeseen environmental contingencies has always been a concern of the firms that led to adopting different strategies to deal with different situations. Language strategy is considered to enhance the international performance of a firm by organizing language diversity and fostering communications within and outside the firm. Yet there is a lack of theoretical attention or model development on the role of language strategy on firm international survival. From resource dependence perspective, the adoption of language strategy and its relationship with firm survival are determined by the firm´s capability to prevent dependency concentration and/or increase relative power on the external environment. However, the impact of language strategy on firm survival is complex and multifaceted as the strategy influence firm performance indirectly through communication, coordination, learning and value creation. The evidence of various types of language strategies and different forms of firm survival also bring in complexities to understand the effects of a language strategy on the international survival of a firm. Based on language literatures and resource dependence logic, certain propositions are developed to conceptualize the relationship between language strategy and firm international survival in this conceptual paper. For the purpose of this paper, a conceptual model is proposed to examine how different kinds of language strategy foster reduction of resource dependency that lead to firm international survival in respond to local responsiveness and global integration. In this proposed model, it is theorized that language strategy has a positive relationship with the international survival of the firm, as the strategy is likely to reduce external resource dependency and increase the ability to continue independent operations both in short and long term. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20strategy" title="language strategy">language strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20diversity" title=" language diversity"> language diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20international%20survival" title=" firm international survival"> firm international survival</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20dependence%20logic" title=" resource dependence logic"> resource dependence logic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98483/the-role-of-language-strategy-on-international-survival-of-firm-a-conceptual-framework-from-resource-dependence-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4605</span> A Study on Employer Branding and Its Impacts on Employee’s</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KVNKC%20Sharma">KVNKC Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soujanya%20Pasumarthi"> Soujanya Pasumarthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization, coupled with increase in competition is compelling organizations to adopt innovative strategies and identify core competencies in order to distinguish themselves from the competition. The capability of an organization is no longer determined by their products or services alone. The intellectual assets and quality of the human resource are fast emerging as key differentiators. Corporations are now positioning themselves as ‘brands’ not solely to market their products and services, but also to lure and to retain the best talent in the business. This paper identifies leadership as the ‘key element’ in developing an organization’s brand, which has a significant influence on the employee’s eventual perception of this external brand as portrayed by the organization. External branding incorporates innovation, consumer concern, trust, quality and sustainability. The paper contends that employees are indeed an organization’s ‘brand ambassadors. Internal branding involves taking care of these ambassadors of corporate brand i.e. human resource. If employees of an organization are not exposed to the organization’s branding (an ongoing process that functionally aligns, motivates and empower employees at all levels to consistently provide a satisfying customer experience), the external brand could be jeopardized. Internal branding, on the other hand, refers to employee’s perception of the organization’s brand. The current business environment can at best, be termed as volatile. Employees with the right technical and behavioral skills remain a scarce resource and the employers need to be ready to capture the attention, interest and commitment of the best and brightest candidates. This paper attempts to review and understand the relationship between employer branding and employee retention. The paper also seeks to identify potential impact of employer branding across all the factors affecting employees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alignment" title="alignment">alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20branding" title=" external branding"> external branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20branding" title=" internal branding"> internal branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37770/a-study-on-employer-branding-and-its-impacts-on-employees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4604</span> A Review of the Potential Impact of Employer Branding on Employee</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20V.%20N.%20K.%20C.%20Sharma">K. V. N. K. C. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globalization, coupled with increase in competition is compelling organizations to adopt innovative strategies and identify core competencies in order to distinguish themselves from the competition. The capability of an organization is no longer determined by their products or services alone. The intellectual assets and quality of the human resource are fast emerging as key differentiators. Corporations are now positioning themselves as ‘brands’ not solely to market their products and services, but also to lure and to retain the best talent in the business. This paper identifies leadership as the ‘key element’ in developing an organization’s brand, which has a significant influence on the employee’s eventual perception of this external brand as portrayed by the organization. External branding incorporates innovation, consumer concern, trust, quality and sustainability. The paper contends that employees are indeed an organization’s ‘brand ambassadors. Internal branding involves taking care of these ambassadors of corporate brand i.e. human resource. If employees of an organization are not exposed to the organization’s branding (an ongoing process that functionally aligns, motivates and empower employees at all levels to consistently provide a satisfying customer experience), the external brand could be jeopardized. Internal branding, on the other hand, refers to employee’s perception of the organization’s brand. The current business environment can at best, be termed as volatile. Employees with the right technical and behavioral skills remain a scarce resource and the employers need to be ready to capture the attention, interest and commitment of the best and brightest candidates. This paper attempts to review and understand the relationship between employer branding and employee retention. The paper also seeks to identify potential impact of employer branding across all the factors affecting employees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20branding" title="external branding">external branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisation%20personnel" title=" organisation personnel"> organisation personnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20branding" title=" internal branding"> internal branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48044/a-review-of-the-potential-impact-of-employer-branding-on-employee" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4603</span> Facilitating Knowledge Transfer for New Product Development in Portfolio Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of a Sodium-Ion Battery Start-up in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guohong%20Wang">Guohong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Huang"> Hao Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Xing"> Rui Xing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyan%20Tang"> Liyan Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Wang"> Yu Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Start-ups are consistently under pressure to overcome liabilities of newness and smallness. They must focus on assembling resource and engaging constant renewal and repeated entrepreneurial activities to survive and grow. As an important form of resource, knowledge is constantly vital to start-ups, which will help start-ups with developing new product in hence forming competitive advantage. However, significant knowledge is usually needed to be identified and exploited from external entities, which makes it difficult to achieve knowledge transfer; with limited resources, it can be quite challenging for start-ups balancing the exploration and exploitation of knowledge. The research on knowledge transfer has become a relatively well-developed domain by indicating that knowledge transfer can be achieved through plenty of patterns, yet it is still under-explored that what processes and organizational practices help start-ups facilitating knowledge transfer for new product in the context portfolio entrepreneurship. Resource orchestration theory emphasizes the initiative and active management of company or the manager to explain the fulfillment of resource utility, which will help understand the process of managing knowledge as a certain kind of resource in start-ups. Drawing on the resource orchestration theory, this research aims to explore how knowledge transfer can be facilitated through resource orchestration. A qualitative single-case study of a sodium-ion battery new venture was conducted. The case company is sampled deliberately from representative industrial agglomeration areas in Liaoning Province, China. It is found that distinctive resource orchestration sub-processes are leveraged to facilitate knowledge transfer: (i) resource structuring makes knowledge available across the portfolio; (ii) resource bundling makes combines internal and external knowledge to form new knowledge; and (iii) resource harmonizing balances specific knowledge configurations across the portfolio. Meanwhile, by purposefully reallocating knowledge configurations to new product development in a certain new venture (exploration) and gradually adjusting knowledge configurations to being applied to existing products across the portfolio (exploitation), resource orchestration processes as a whole make exploration and exploitation of knowledge balanced. This study contributes to the knowledge management literature through proposing a resource orchestration view and depicting how knowledge transfer can be facilitated through different resource orchestration processes and mechanisms. In addition, by revealing the balancing process of exploration and exploitation of knowledge, and laying stress on the significance of the idea of making exploration and exploitation of knowledge balanced in the context of portfolio entrepreneurship, this study also adds specific efforts to entrepreneurship and strategy management literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploration%20and%20exploitation" title="exploration and exploitation">exploration and exploitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20transfer" title=" knowledge transfer"> knowledge transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20product%20development" title=" new product development"> new product development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20entrepreneur" title=" portfolio entrepreneur"> portfolio entrepreneur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20orchestration" title=" resource orchestration"> resource orchestration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123826/facilitating-knowledge-transfer-for-new-product-development-in-portfolio-entrepreneurship-a-case-study-of-a-sodium-ion-battery-start-up-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4602</span> The Impact of Resource-oriented Music Listening on Oversea Dispatch Employees Work Stress Relief</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Yaming">Wei Yaming</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: In order to compare the stress of employees sent overseas with (GRAS) before and after, we used the resource-oriented music listening intervention in this study. We also collected pertinent experimental data. Methods: The experiment involved 47 employees who were sent abroad by the Chinese side. They completed the stress scale test and documented it before the intervention. They tested for stress after five interventions and performed one-on-one interviews. Quantitative data and SPSS software were used to analyze relationships between stress reduction and resource-oriented music listening, as well as Pearson's correlation, multiple regression levels, and ANOVA. For the qualitative analysis, content analysis of one-on-one interviews was performed. Results: A comparison of data from before and after demonstrates how resource-focused music listening activities can lessen and relieve stress in remote workers. In the qualitative study, stress is broken down into six categories: relationship stress, health stress, emotional stress, and frustration stress. External pressures include work pressure and cultural stress. And it has been determined that listening to music that is resource-oriented can better ease internal stress (health, emotion, and dissatisfaction). Conclusion: The Guide Resource-oriented Music Listening (GROML) Program appears to have had some effect on the participants' stress levels. The resources that the participants encountered while listening to music are bravery, calm, letting go, and relaxing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource-oriented" title="resource-oriented">resource-oriented</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20listening" title=" music listening"> music listening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oversea%20dispatch%20employees" title=" oversea dispatch employees"> oversea dispatch employees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20stress" title=" work stress"> work stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166122/the-impact-of-resource-oriented-music-listening-on-oversea-dispatch-employees-work-stress-relief" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4601</span> Governing External Innovation: Lessons from Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Mohagheghzadeh">Amir Mohagheghzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solaleh%20Salimi"> Solaleh Salimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Tafazzoli"> Ramin Tafazzoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ecosystem and networks plays significant roles in product innovation. External innovation within developing firms can bring a wide range of advantages for a firm in a competitive market. Using external innovation can be mentioned as one of the most significant concepts regarding the firm’s transition phase into openness. Derivative concepts such as open or shared platform and app stores are the main result of this thinking within the firms. However, adopting this concept and leverage the defined advantages of external innovation should be aligned with other strategies and policies of a firm. Consequently, one of the key aspects that have been raised while using external innovation is how to govern external innovation within a developing firm. This paper describes the frameworks that two pioneer companies in mobile operating system development have used in order to control and govern external innovation through platform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20innovation" title="external innovation">external innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20innovation" title=" open innovation"> open innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance%20mechanisms" title=" governance mechanisms"> governance mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apple" title=" Apple"> Apple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iOS" title=" iOS"> iOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Google" title=" Google"> Google</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Android" title=" Android"> Android</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15277/governing-external-innovation-lessons-from-apples-ios-and-googles-android" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4600</span> Resource Management Framework in Cloud Computing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gagandeep%20Kaur">Gagandeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonal%20Chawla"> Sonal Chawla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a Cloud Computing environment, resource provisioning, resource allocation and resource scheduling is the most complex issues these days. Cloud User expects the best resource utilization and Cloud Provider expects revenue maximization by considering budget and time constraints. In this research paper, Resource Management Framework has been proposed to allocate the resources to Cloud Users and Cloud Providers in Cloud environment. The main aim of the proposed work is to provide the resources and services to Cloud Providers and Cloud Users in an efficient and effective manner. The proposed framework has been simulated and tested using the CloudSim simulator tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auction" title=" auction"> auction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=provisioning" title=" provisioning"> provisioning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145409/resource-management-framework-in-cloud-computing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4599</span> Resource Constrained Time-Cost Trade-Off Analysis in Construction Project Planning and Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangwon%20Han">Sangwon Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengquan%20Jin"> Chengquan Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Time-cost trade-off (TCTO) is one of the most significant part of construction project management. Despite the significance, current TCTO analysis, based on the Critical Path Method, does not consider resource constraint, and accordingly sometimes generates an impractical and/or infeasible schedule planning in terms of resource availability. Therefore, resource constraint needs to be considered when doing TCTO analysis. In this research, genetic algorithms (GA) based optimization model is created in order to find the optimal schedule. This model is utilized to compare four distinct scenarios (i.e., 1) initial CPM, 2) TCTO without considering resource constraint, 3) resource allocation after TCTO, and 4) TCTO with considering resource constraint) in terms of duration, cost, and resource utilization. The comparison results identify that ‘TCTO with considering resource constraint’ generates the optimal schedule with the respect of duration, cost, and resource. This verifies the need for consideration of resource constraint when doing TCTO analysis. It is expected that the proposed model will produce more feasible and optimal schedule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-cost%20trade-off" title="time-cost trade-off">time-cost trade-off</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithms" title=" genetic algorithms"> genetic algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20path" title=" critical path"> critical path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20availability" title=" resource availability"> resource availability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91630/resource-constrained-time-cost-trade-off-analysis-in-construction-project-planning-and-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4598</span> Usage of Military Spending, Debt Servicing and Growth for Dealing with Emergency Plan of Indian External Debt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahbi%20Farhani">Sahbi Farhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the relationship between external debt and military spending in case of India over the period of 1970–2012. In doing so, we have applied the structural break unit root tests to examine stationarity properties of the variables. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is used to test whether cointegration exists in presence of structural breaks stemming in the series. Our results indicate the cointegration among external debt, military spending, debt servicing, and economic growth. Moreover, military spending and debt servicing add in external debt. Economic growth helps in lowering external debt. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis and Granger causality test reveal that military spending and economic growth cause external debt. The feedback effect also exists between external debt and debt servicing in case of India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20debt" title="external debt">external debt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20spending" title=" military spending"> military spending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARDL%20approach" title=" ARDL approach"> ARDL approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47057/usage-of-military-spending-debt-servicing-and-growth-for-dealing-with-emergency-plan-of-indian-external-debt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4597</span> Design and Optimization of a Customized External Fixation Device for Lower Limb Injuries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.%20Alqahtani">Mohammed S. Alqahtani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20J.%20Bartolo"> Paulo J. Bartolo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> External fixation is a common technique for the treatment and stabilization of bone fractures. Different designs have been proposed by companies and research groups, but all of them present limitations such as high weight, not comfortable to use, and not customized to individual patients. This paper proposes a lightweight customized external fixator, overcoming some of these limitations. External fixators are designed using a set of techniques such as medical imaging, CAD modelling, finite element analysis, and full factorial design of experiments. Key design parameters are discussed, and the optimal set of parameters is used to design the final external fixator. Numerical simulations are used to validate design concepts. Results present an optimal external fixation design with weight reduction of 13% without compromising its stiffness and structural integrity. External fixators are also designed to be additively manufactured, allowing to develop a strategy for personalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-aided%20design%20modelling" title="computer-aided design modelling">computer-aided design modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20fixation" title=" external fixation"> external fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20factorial" title=" full factorial"> full factorial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalization" title=" personalization"> personalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132633/design-and-optimization-of-a-customized-external-fixation-device-for-lower-limb-injuries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4596</span> Internal and External Validity in Experimental Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Chytilova">Helena Chytilova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Maialeh"> Robin Maialeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental economics is subject to criticism with regards to frequently discussed trade-off between internal and external validity requirements, which seems to be critically flawed. Incompatibility of trade-off condition and condition of internal validity as a prerequisite for external validity is presented. In addition, the imprecise concept of artificiality found to be rather improving external validity, seems to strengthen illusory status of external versus internal validity tension. Internal validity will be further analysed with regards to Duhem-Quine problem, where unpredictability argument is significantly weakened trough application of inductivism within the illustrative hypothetical-deductive model. Discussion outlined above partially weakens critical arguments related to robustness of results in experimental economics, if perfectly controlled experimental environment is secured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duhem-Quine%20problem" title="Duhem-Quine problem">Duhem-Quine problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20validity" title=" external validity"> external validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductivism" title=" inductivism"> inductivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20validity" title=" internal validity"> internal validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31128/internal-and-external-validity-in-experimental-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4595</span> Reduction of Patient’s Dose of I-131 Therapy by Used Local Diuretic Juice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosab%20kh.%20A.%20A.%20Bashir">Mosab kh. A. A. Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Mohamed-Ahmed"> E. Mohamed-Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to compare the results of the external exposure and the range of the dose spread by the patients, hospitalized in two different groups of 3-5 d receiving radioiodine therapy because of thyroid cancer, and one of group were giving the local diuretic plant (barley) as local juice. The control group was 28 patients they were isolated as international precautions after taken I-131 capsule 100 mCi, and their external exposure was recorded day by day after first 24 hrs. and the distance for external measurement was 1 m at the abdominal level. The mean of external exposure values of patients at fourth day were 30.24±12.92 µSv h−1. The second group after taking I-131 capsule 100 mCi we were given barley juice (250 mL) after every meal three times on day and their external exposure was recorded day by day after first 24 hrs. The mean of external exposure values of patients of this group at third day was 26.92±9.89 (14-55) µSv h−1. It was observed that the external exposure from the second group clearly decreased to low levels which contributed to the decrease in patient dose and also to the decrease in the exposure from the patient to his/her family. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20diuretic%20juice" title="local diuretic juice">local diuretic juice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapy" title=" therapy"> therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20medicine" title=" radiation medicine"> radiation medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diuretic%20plant" title=" diuretic plant"> diuretic plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4035/reduction-of-patients-dose-of-i-131-therapy-by-used-local-diuretic-juice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4594</span> Impact of Climate Change on Water Resource Systems in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Ling%20Chang">Chia-Ling Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao-Bo%20Chang"> Hao-Bo Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global climate change alters rainfall characteristics, while the variation of these characteristics further influences environmental conditions, such as hydrologic responses, landslide areas, and the amounts of diffuse pollution. The variations of environmental conditions may impact the stability of water resource systems. The objective of this study is to assess the present conditions of major water resource systems in Taiwan. The impact of climate change on each system is also discussed herein. Compared to the water resource systems in northern Taiwan, the ratio of the precipitation during the rainy season to that during the dry season has a larger increase in southern Taiwan. This variation of hydrologic condition impacts the stability of water resource systems and increases the risk of normal water supply. The findings in this work can be important references for water resource management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin%20management" title="basin management">basin management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resource%20system" title=" water resource system"> water resource system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resource%20management" title=" water resource management"> water resource management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70045/impact-of-climate-change-on-water-resource-systems-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4593</span> Exploring the Application of Human Resource Management Bundles: A Case Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maniam%20Kaliannan">Maniam Kaliannan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies on best practice or “bundles” of human resource management aims at providing a ‘universal solution’ to organizations yet critics challenge this view and place importance on the architecture of human resource processes in response to the dynamic needs of organizations. This paper identifies these best practices and explores how the applications of selected human resource management practices to a case study help solved their human resource problems. The case study includes insights on the problems faced; the approach taken to identify its root causes and explores how selected human resource management practices helped managed the overall predicament. The case study results supports the importance of aligning ‘bundles’ of practices with organizational architecture and ensuring that the architecture of human resource practices evolve with the changing needs of organizations. In addition, a framework based on the events of the case study is proposed to systematically manage their human resources <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bundles" title="bundles">bundles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=best%20practices" title=" best practices"> best practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource%20management" title=" human resource management"> human resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20architecture" title=" organizational architecture"> organizational architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28914/exploring-the-application-of-human-resource-management-bundles-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4592</span> The External Debt in the Context of Economic Growth: The Sample of Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Fen%20Edirneligil">Ayşen Edirneligil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Mucuk"> Mehmet Mucuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developing countries, one of the most important restrictions about the economic growth is the lack of national savings which are supposed to finance the investments. In order to overcome this restriction and achieve the higher rate of economic growth by increasing the level of output, countries choose the external borrowing. However, there is a dispute in the literature over the correlation between external debt and economic growth. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of external debt on Turkish economic growth by using VAR analysis with the quarterly data over the period of 2002:01-2014:04. In this respect, Johansen Cointegration Test, Impulse- Response Function and Variance Decomposition Tests will be used for analyses. Empirical findings show that there is no cointegration in the long run. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20debt" title="external debt">external debt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish%20economy" title=" Turkish economy"> Turkish economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20series%20analysis" title=" time series analysis"> time series analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29395/the-external-debt-in-the-context-of-economic-growth-the-sample-of-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4591</span> Green Human Recourse Environment Performance, Circular Performance Environment Reputation and Economics Performance: The Moderating Role of CEO Ethical Leadership</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Ahmed">Muhammad Umair Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20Shoukat"> Aftab Shoukat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today the global economy has become one of the key strategies in dealing with environmental issues. To allow for a round economy, organizations have begun to work to improve their sustainability management. The contribution of green resource management to the transformation of the global economy has not been investigated. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of green labor management on the global economy, environmental and economic performance, and the organisation's environmental dignity. We strongly evaluate the different roles of the various processes of green personnel management (i.e., green recruitment, training, and engagement green, as well as green performance management and reward) in organizational operations. We are also investigating the leadership role of CEO Ethical. Our outcome will have a positive impact on the performance of the organization. Green Human Resource Management contributes to the evolution of a roundabout economy without the influence of different external factors such as market demand and commitment. Finally, the results of our research will provide a few aspects for future research, both academic and human. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20human%20resource%20management" title=" green human resource management"> green human resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148161/green-human-recourse-environment-performance-circular-performance-environment-reputation-and-economics-performance-the-moderating-role-of-ceo-ethical-leadership" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4590</span> Defining Human Resources “Bundles” and Its’ Correlation with Companies’ Financial Performances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Tadic">Ivana Tadic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snjezana%20Pivac"> Snjezana Pivac</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although human resources are recognized as the crucial companies’ resources and their positive influence on companies’ performances has been confirmed through different researches, scientists are still debating it. In order to contribute this debate, this paper firstly discusses the most important human resource management elements and practices and its influence on companies’ success. Afterwards it defines human resource “bundles” – interrelated and internally consistent human resource practices, complementary to each other, or the most important human resource practices and elements regarding Croatian companies and its human resource management activities. Finally, the paper provides empirical results; more precisely it reveals the relation of the level of development of human resource management function (“bundles”) and companies’ financial performances (using profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, solvency ratios and a group of additional ratios related to employees’ indicators). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=companies%E2%80%99%20performances" title="companies’ performances">companies’ performances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource%20bundles" title=" human resource bundles"> human resource bundles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20statistical%20analysis" title=" multivariate statistical analysis"> multivariate statistical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3191/defining-human-resources-bundles-and-its-correlation-with-companies-financial-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4589</span> Review of Speech Recognition Research on Low-Resource Languages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XuKe%20Cao">XuKe Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reviews the current state of research on low-resource languages in the field of speech recognition, focusing on the challenges faced by low-resource language speech recognition, including the scarcity of data resources, the lack of linguistic resources, and the diversity of dialects and accents. The article reviews recent progress in low-resource language speech recognition, including techniques such as data augmentation, end to-end models, transfer learning, and multi-task learning. Based on the challenges currently faced, the paper also provides an outlook on future research directions. Through these studies, it is expected that the performance of speech recognition for low resource languages can be improved, promoting the widespread application and adoption of related technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-resource%20languages" title="low-resource languages">low-resource languages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20recognition" title=" speech recognition"> speech recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20augmentation%20techniques" title=" data augmentation techniques"> data augmentation techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLP" title=" NLP"> NLP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193863/review-of-speech-recognition-research-on-low-resource-languages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4588</span> A Resource Based View: Perspective on Acquired Human Resource towards Competitive Advantage </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monia%20Hassan%20Abdulrahman">Monia Hassan Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resource-based view is built on many theories in addition to diverse perspectives, we extend this view placing emphasis on human resources addressing the tools required to sustain competitive advantage. Highlighting on several theories and judgments, assumptions were established to clearly reach if resource possession alone suffices for the sustainability of competitive advantage, or necessary accommodation are required for better performance. New practices were indicated in terms of resources used in firms, these practices were implemented on the human resources in particular, and results were developed in compliance to the mentioned assumptions. Such results drew attention to the significance of practices that provide enhancement of human resources that have a core responsibility of maintaining resource-based view for an organization to lead the way to gaining competitive advantage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title="competitive advantage">competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20based%20value" title=" resource based value"> resource based value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resources" title=" human resources"> human resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20management" title=" strategic management"> strategic management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1950/a-resource-based-view-perspective-on-acquired-human-resource-towards-competitive-advantage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4587</span> Study on Resource Allocation of Cloud Operating System Based on Multi-Tenant Data Resource Sharing Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Yunuo">Lin Yunuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seow%20Xing%20Quan"> Seow Xing Quan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burra%20Venkata%20Durga%20Kumar"> Burra Venkata Durga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this modern era, the cloud operating system is the world trend applied in various industries such as business, healthy, etc. In order to deal with the large capacity of requirements in cloud computing, research come up with multi-tenant cloud computing to maximize the benefits of server providers and clients. However, there are still issues in multi-tenant cloud computing especially regarding resource allocation. Issues such as inefficient resource utilization, large latency, lack of scalability and elasticity and poor data isolation had caused inefficient resource allocation in multi-tenant cloud computing. Without a doubt, these issues prevent multitenancy reaches its best condition. In fact, there are multiple studies conducted to determine the optimal resource allocation to solve these problems these days. This article will briefly introduce the cloud operating system, Multi-tenant cloud computing and resource allocation in cloud computing. It then discusses resource allocation in multi-tenant cloud computing and the current challenges it faces. According to the issue ‘ineffective resource utilization’, we will discuss an efficient dynamic scheduling technique for multitenancy, namely Multi-tenant Dynamic Resource Scheduling Model (MTDRSM). Moreover, there also have some recommendations to improve the shortcoming of this model in this paper’s final section. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20operation%20system" title=" cloud operation system"> cloud operation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multitenancy" title=" multitenancy"> multitenancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilization%20of%20cloud%20resources" title=" utilization of cloud resources"> utilization of cloud resources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168893/study-on-resource-allocation-of-cloud-operating-system-based-on-multi-tenant-data-resource-sharing-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4586</span> Best Resource Recommendation for a Stochastic Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Likewin%20Thomas">Likewin Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20V.%20Manoj%20Kumar"> M. V. Manoj Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Annappa"> B. Annappa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to develop an Artificial Neural Network0 s recommendation model for an online process using the complexity of load, performance, and average servicing time of the resources. Here, the proposed model investigates the resource performance using stochastic gradient decent method for learning ranking function. A probabilistic cost function is implemented to identify the optimal θ values (load) on each resource. Based on this result the recommendation of resource suitable for performing the currently executing task is made. The test result of CoSeLoG project is presented with an accuracy of 72.856%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADALINE" title="ADALINE">ADALINE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient%20decent" title=" gradient decent"> gradient decent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20mining" title=" process mining"> process mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20behaviour" title=" resource behaviour"> resource behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polynomial%20regression%20model" title=" polynomial regression model"> polynomial regression model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45008/best-resource-recommendation-for-a-stochastic-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4585</span> A New Method to Winner Determination for Economic Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing Systems </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebrahim%20Behrouzian%20Nejad">Ebrahim Behrouzian Nejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezvan%20Alipoor%20Sabzevari"> Rezvan Alipoor Sabzevari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cloud computing systems are large-scale distributed systems, so that they focus more on large scale resource sharing, cooperation of several organizations and their use in new applications. One of the main challenges in this realm is resource allocation. There are many different ways to resource allocation in cloud computing. One of the common methods to resource allocation are economic methods. Among these methods, the auction-based method has greater prominence compared with Fixed-Price method. The double combinatorial auction is one of the proper ways of resource allocation in cloud computing. This method includes two phases: winner determination and resource allocation. In this paper a new method has been presented to determine winner in double combinatorial auction-based resource allocation using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The experimental results show that in our new proposed the number of winner users is higher than genetic algorithm. On other hand, in proposed algorithm, the number of winner providers is higher in genetic algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20auction" title=" double auction"> double auction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winner%20determination" title=" winner determination "> winner determination </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35920/a-new-method-to-winner-determination-for-economic-resource-allocation-in-cloud-computing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4584</span> Street Begging: A Loss of Human Resource in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Kassim%20Ibrahim">Sulaiman Kassim Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human Resource is one of the most important elements in any country. They are very important in actualizing the potential of every sector in the country, i.e Agric, Education, Finance, Judiciary and all formal and informal sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the loss of human resource in Nigeria through street begging. The study used intensive literature review. Finding from the review indicate that a significant number of human resource are into street begging in the country undeveloped and untapped. The paper recommend that policy should be initiated to discourage street begging, develop this resource through education and empowerment, stop rural-urban migration by providing infrastructure in the rural areas and abolish informal (Almajiri or beggars school) and transform it into formal school. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource" title="human resource">human resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20begging" title=" street begging"> street begging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almajiri" title=" Almajiri"> Almajiri</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78702/street-begging-a-loss-of-human-resource-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4583</span> The Extent of Big Data Analysis by the External Auditors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iyad%20Ismail">Iyad Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathilatul%20Abdul%20Hamid"> Fathilatul Abdul Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was mainly investigated to recognize the extent of big data analysis by external auditors. This paper adopts grounded theory as a framework for conducting a series of semi-structured interviews with eighteen external auditors. The research findings comprised the availability extent of big data and big data analysis usage by the external auditors in Palestine, Gaza Strip. Considering the study's outcomes leads to a series of auditing procedures in order to improve the external auditing techniques, which leads to high-quality audit process. Also, this research is crucial for auditing firms by giving an insight into the mechanisms of auditing firms to identify the most important strategies that help in achieving competitive audit quality. These results are aims to instruct the auditing academic and professional institutions in developing techniques for external auditors in order to the big data analysis. This paper provides appropriate information for the decision-making process and a source of future information which affects technological auditing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data%20analysis" title="big data analysis">big data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20auditors" title=" external auditors"> external auditors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20reliance" title=" audit reliance"> audit reliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20audit%20function" title=" internal audit function"> internal audit function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169041/the-extent-of-big-data-analysis-by-the-external-auditors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4582</span> The Importance of Knowledge Innovation for External Audit on Anti-Corruption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20M.%20Qatawneh">Adel M. Qatawneh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aimed to determine the importance of knowledge innovation for external audit on anti-corruption in the entire Jordanian bank companies are listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study importance arises from the need to recognize the Knowledge innovation for external audit and anti-corruption as the development in the world of business, the variables that will be affected by external audit innovation are: reliability of financial data, relevantly of financial data, consistency of the financial data, Full disclosure of financial data and protecting the rights of investors to achieve the objectives of the study a questionnaire was designed and distributed to the society of the Jordanian bank are listed in Amman Stock Exchange. The data analysis found out that the banks in Jordan have a positive importance of Knowledge innovation for external audit on anti-corruption. They agree on the benefit of Knowledge innovation for external audit on anti-corruption. The statistical analysis showed that Knowledge innovation for external audit had a positive impact on the anti-corruption and that external audit has a significantly statistical relationship with anti-corruption, reliability of financial data, consistency of the financial data, a full disclosure of financial data and protecting the rights of investors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20innovation" title="knowledge innovation">knowledge innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20audit" title=" external audit"> external audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-corruption" title=" anti-corruption"> anti-corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amman%20Stock%20Exchange" title=" Amman Stock Exchange"> Amman Stock Exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24091/the-importance-of-knowledge-innovation-for-external-audit-on-anti-corruption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4581</span> Appraisal of Shipping Trade Influence on Economic Growth in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikpechukwu%20Njoku">Ikpechukwu Njoku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study examined appraisal of shipping trade influence on the economic growth in Nigeria from 1981-2016 by the use of secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria. The main objectives are to examine the trend of shipping trade in Nigeria as well as determine the influence of economic growth on gross domestic product (GDP). The study employed both descriptive and influential tools. The study adopted cointegration regression method for the analysis of each of the variables (shipping trade, external reserves and external debts). The results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between GDP and external reserves with p-value 0.0190. Also the result revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between GDP and shipping trade with p-value 0.000. However, shipping trade and external reserves contributed positively at 1% and 5% level of significance respectively while external debts impacted negatively to GDP at 5% level of significance with a long run variance of cointegration regression. Therefore, the study suggests that government should do all it can to curtail foreign dominance and repatriation of profit for a more sustainable economy as well as upgrade port facilities, prevent unnecessary delays and encourage exportable goods for maximum deployment of ships. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20debts" title="external debts">external debts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20reserve" title=" external reserve"> external reserve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GDP" title=" GDP"> GDP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shipping%20trade" title=" shipping trade"> shipping trade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125024/appraisal-of-shipping-trade-influence-on-economic-growth-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4580</span> Analysis of Fault Tolerance on Grid Computing in Real Time Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parampal%20Kaur">Parampal Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Aggarwal"> Deepak Aggarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the computational Grid, fault tolerance is an imperative issue to be considered during job scheduling. Due to the widespread use of resources, systems are highly prone to errors and failures. Hence, fault tolerance plays a key role in the grid to avoid the problem of unreliability. Scheduling the task to the appropriate resource is a vital requirement in computational Grid. The fittest resource scheduling algorithm searches for the appropriate resource based on the job requirements, in contrary to the general scheduling algorithms where jobs are scheduled to the resources with best performance factor. The proposed method is to improve the fault tolerance of the fittest resource scheduling algorithm by scheduling the job in coordination with job replication when the resource has low reliability. Based on the reliability index of the resource, the resource is identified as critical. The tasks are scheduled based on the criticality of the resources. Results show that the execution time of the tasks is comparatively reduced with the proposed algorithm using real-time approach rather than a simulator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20grid" title="computational grid">computational grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title=" fault tolerance"> fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20replication" title=" task replication"> task replication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20scheduling" title=" job scheduling"> job scheduling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1956/analysis-of-fault-tolerance-on-grid-computing-in-real-time-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20resource&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20resource&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20resource&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20resource&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20resource&page=6">6</a></li> <li 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