CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134818898eb4c0b',cH: 'Ini7BXAlJll9QS3OPAYjSZd4giqvJSiOdQpydDGyC6M-1739781976-1.2.1.1-zSMMZlFXxpoCcTchew82R0tQNa8YTtSPD8A8vRA1Mr8mzDfWp09clkYARdjZYQF1',cUPMDTk: "\/9998149\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=2UTxZmhpDIMEzd6fSx1pXLtaAPx7WTh.1bFpcd3HSfA-1739781976-1.0.1.1-djapdl4dsw5QM0JjD0F.mRV6wTfSY5aEjOwc4JOh0fs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781976',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9998149\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=2UTxZmhpDIMEzd6fSx1pXLtaAPx7WTh.1bFpcd3HSfA-1739781976-1.0.1.1-djapdl4dsw5QM0JjD0F.mRV6wTfSY5aEjOwc4JOh0fs",md: "1HfFr7uaJI82gllxbQdhN2aChCNYzd8.XxO1XP1Sn0E-1739781976-1.2.1.1-UmRp_Q3YXWIQJdkZgf2RatpI6GzxMmezTZOgRKSBUmL3m8A.6VmfnnJz_5lZhRZwQKTZyo6jel_CDH60klJW_Rsp0CLQoPhf0.uqnh.nKnHkVbnzMA_yPwr6x.FPpLDuKRtdPaSnVbO9CojHZDZ48wgaij_Cu.px2vmTIhZ97i0491qFrydK2xfwvD0YqhT5rx.6FHh8iET_8MYi3jGSkOhU.DyYbpbop189xMa1AOrC69MpPjCKlPOAyi30VSQpFpWSXnXR9WKrp.MOx6AWnvdnrC9sfSw5LDV0Fm.Af.ZFYTgY.rnYZNwpswHQ0irS6c9EYpV0x2yxrXHr3yFrCngtVBDXLdnw_h8SAV8Qe03UtmfpxlEJS5qxW4eEG.Map.PCM5WPF65vcHO8VTSfTdLReFPKNTVd7OMbIGKYwrLwR9_DSrMHi02py_zVcOpSS5Y8YZAtMtowoRfFDixUmggu8VWU6ON6ODGK43V7f.eS8QOQsQOpQ1K53xYCXFgSu7oNg9XCMO8BG0Qqw5UGg0YjSjR6BJ82rOrBxlD.qgKAHLnrdvsqQxyzkc0d_CTfPYRsnIutdsCUKJFeuaAtWUhncQWHSG6TAiTr5wWtL3Giix_6mPMUjdSWNX9gc8OhU0A3unG6RAH9F7w_nq1ZvU3uFB2SOI0p6CxuQldE16WUZ7Y0iBIIkRJlqLbId5Gh7fGOs8hnDpQcUX2pHSYmVcWXfO.insqJTyZjSKNMColEbRIvurkHN.YZRH96sUEQshE08ESHY0Pj0GX5NfVB0QLUbIJgwuCzWVfc1_.28RK8j2qOTft6i.GUoCBpLnwE89nBqmsVd2HtFAvXAvMjduVXE3FO1par0FpddLl8BDIqwHaqNUe5H44i_0jXVjTvlrv8uXS9zg3qxSUGjYF4irJopVOdpv2uFJQUifA3BAg.S9Zg90MBXOjbvB75kHo_O2whBPSZeGuGNcNcvMT_IWkkzVfEoQMmGtprcigVPrXMxAXHvz_1d2DU86Wgz8pS4mNfPPCV6DAaNNKrKb36kR_U6mb0WvsVUf7ElOo54hiVVHx3db5gxO.TUMAI_t2pVlE.e.CMacMMEZ_cwlsfHsco3_nyHztbRtn878kGeF3RlBkmrWO0FCWTtd18to04GrVbD9AVBvZkKZ0bfN1kRx2SqhsB96cAHhVas4DQuxEaBET.pr.IIqnHj6yYGS2tF5f9C33mxllLx5QgbWZk0oj_sRcUQG9vrQOuHkZJJpQ7nsG0D6TQXDPhD8UPGWQ8eHXDDlK6q9EmGgbQO45dJrwwe17HJyjcwJXAA.0b3ppadkOFWNiaQLlQ2Tfe6996l638BHoQk0aMB9SUOvIrJz54V3o0hKO1pQaGICfqYE3iJ_uPqBHA2a9.VWks2b0R3_CYOz6R_vxgCN8eTFLwZB3USLqdHoJnT36q_S1_A652HlkLeyBFyXwEVzqpRVggxwcnmVvWuuT.w_ghVj3BvZBsv8sqdFP_XpYel6ilckHwkIAf8fG3pMNiSe7uQiTxVYKJyzoEiGikDLIF55EUGw0MrfwCgSRw7ti4Z4TACB1N0y657zOV.umYAr6HWUZFDF8ROQt9gsBd03.W4Nxjmogf1c3tQbj7WHsAigisWUKTyN9LTJFtc6BIFWbGu728mvHn_ZvwVI1eDc.wEbQJMtNt1ENRUwgBlG9lEatC8rYMG5_2PcNbhfuJf8C8ZEAdVUs12PMDTV02gkiZI.hXH6Dd3SbjCOp3ZbmwlH_lF7Yn0ZFwCF3P77eWhOLKAB8Ly0EUlOoflx286oa2f_99c1OtGI7vZ2g0VfZcenRGPdJVpNSxfzjZ6j4ZFtM3MBsrXYylrHFllbcw5m3.YwYWyulD86fWJjllbpC4FQTxiUw",mdrd: "PRvte0URKEr6WilBF_oIOCIQnQ.iCDOcgHE9h_XkLkw-1739781976-1.2.1.1-0c4RAwWF8TI.cUa9d2PTl2u8Bb7G4Sis3rspsJps2hEbO8gdcwdyGYeTFgPvIRuZAG_L79QqNs8WEnSgu_KAFOG3mATwLHBIuiLubYAp5TIVOtarXsKwN05pvo.dTQ5w1CykneuRbiC1WJ_dPWL.c60CtvUCFso6WwpC3aJul4YcuK5nPnR..dFRDygYcEcStd2j19WNgLBjFiuZjnfiDWKxQOHbowKV.PyXnJnncsLcuKVfZHClP0yEq.xHVEiw5dbqGty0TdEi8d82LqPA3pr20n8rLGXkA.Jf_m4jIweAgwOVh5dgqbStIK42HzfvJ80QlNovDQx8Vpfv.2JXqNxNdB0v1lh.Dlgx7UHl1P0vW8efXsZFIQAzgghQwxlnZDCXHJTIp0CBNNrtZxISviBbeH6OlCT1pLj35htYNfh5_k_sGW0dFHpTFw_P2Eme7vIh2iEVLCEzYGM.pmV7fWyQvgYnu2NmYKrgoqX4myHO2Gkr7f5HFiqVxxMS7gOHodshssUCJi1pnT6tCG_AhBf4roFYHpziXtok6TFVGSuicl2tgCGHfMgviJUp5q60pZYpgcD572UnnNny8eOBUgLAneaRB4gj1AZ3JrSRRORMbtiVv7r.Q907dbeMG0gqVw11wgug9PnKZ.RWlC7KFydP5YGpRgqEe.UyZw2xvjCk0sKMKHZaKYWAs4ux811x_fporvH17CW.1OsQQ10wwis0BkLCyj6BFI7YnLAX2YtADX5VE3XyNXgQ_eKjUuiwHSGUlS5melGd7fQH02P1AqiVHQ.IQZ58lVUkA4qBsGqeLMkABxwyE4lRzeoRNU8pUmwEUp2hpOC8BDhv1pzOx0prHc7moVVq_ukTFp2jUg1sOx9FN8F0aI9Iem14y5JJN.aEZMW5_.Eed8WMEcQqH52N.JhpbuGh.unNmpPfapf6n4KpEpMI_t.z.1IebFiTFYaL_FWCBmZSDCRgYV0lR3OLRc7Umvrf.Rg2oYa2SHfN1tOq3AMoqeW0a_B2B_0A1BS3j.m_NAXwHYU4sLHhiUMqYVahAY0q_fZV2LOzjgfmsvAVcQiipLE24zuLhb7v3aZ0fWVU8k3sMyi6rXMiVwZLSWSVGNxlnZuB1q8DKcew3UL0KsbJA_.5w5V2ZezBUioBoTIHv6A_5oeClhTH3.BqbabP1Uw4YlyhPdWh83TmIelQ.4xVZepMafXnbtpnjeBVBWnoFnFVAR9dHR96zdw_iokI9qBa49UPjVOp5p2sX0OlB1ukg_WG0lMrE4c67J8JpcnXZY0iCB.Emh_.tP5unpH_9vr1cAGsixXE74YTHMhan2rq0w34MRu6HAmdWsZt2p2PhOmbHxdHX5B9NOI2HHdh3LnNztSPuQ2i1nA3sWPSgpAh3ZrN2Z25kUI8Uf2VA1CKjVe_tXwXrYmQieAkSGGqkYw4OZe8oE4xiN.Jf4A94uerstchNLW74V_eD5epikt8kQ77D5vaSdNe2nbM.90uFZEwB4O3Vl1oDSZXA47yvgjehXFgtQo9WZmF21cSqdjjCgGI6Tr5FG1pB8vytvpm33a5vjt2uClVpoLx9PSMZeMBaLeE98VGsgkDbx5.3wf3yJLzhfAu0WfC3CbUyVpd4yhdfx9_1v_67hJfJF5mKY_9Eg5F4BlHfXAM27sa98QYY7MBya25gHR7V97sjXAvecBvpbMO0aoMMmYF9i6P8fZoXaZqdvm7Dzq7RoSfGyMmlOGeQm_FCLdk3rYuh6Qfkwg0oDTTvL_hfWWHQg06kRCl4v.YlzEt4PIyV3KVSq0L.c6Ni3_HS3.gJYPwjL9ncedYv1aeREfYjId8NpOx_knbIiJpz6QbUKoajmTiu_a9JTBcuWMceZk8S7LRWislK.lh.JIAhTkWN7xe5jvRJ_lxQIsitir0JWIR.pCRl0xYY2K9khtK1amy8SUVES7Btzm8qqNWLlpg8xrJqZcqNALwXvieb.qXljBS"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134818898eb4c0b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9998149\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=2UTxZmhpDIMEzd6fSx1pXLtaAPx7WTh.1bFpcd3HSfA-1739781976-1.0.1.1-djapdl4dsw5QM0JjD0F.mRV6wTfSY5aEjOwc4JOh0fs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>