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data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=URL" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=URL" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" 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</a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">URL</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/URL" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:URL" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=URL" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-viewsource" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=URL&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> View source </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/URL_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="URL (disambiguation)">URL (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>A uniform resource locator (URL), colloquially known as an address on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">Web</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2009-1">[1]</a> is a reference to a <a href="/wiki/Web_resource" title="Web resource">resource</a> that specifies its location on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer network</a> and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> (URI),<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERFC_39862005-3">[3]</a> although many people use the two terms interchangeably.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> URLs occur most commonly to reference <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a>/<a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>) but are also used for file transfer (<a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a>), email (<a href="/wiki/Mailto" title="Mailto">mailto</a>), database access (<a href="/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity" title="Java Database Connectivity">JDBC</a>), and many other applications. <table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">URL</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Uniform resource locator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">URL</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Published</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First published</th><td class="infobox-data">1994; 30 years ago (1994)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latest version</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org">Living Standard</a> 2023</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_Hypertext_Application_Technology_Working_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group</a> (WHATWG)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Series</th><td class="infobox-data">Request for Comments (RFC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren" title="Anne van Kesteren">Anne van Kesteren</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a>. – Uniform Resource Locators (URL).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a>. – Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4248">4248</a>. – The telnet URI Scheme.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4266">4266</a>. – The gopher URI Scheme.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6068">6068</a>. – The 'mailto' URI Scheme.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6196">6196</a>. – Moving mailserver: URI Scheme to Historic.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6270">6270</a>. – The 'tn3270' URI Scheme.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related standards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">URN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domain</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">License</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org">url.spec.whatwg.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Most <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a> display the URL of a web page above the page in an <a href="/wiki/Address_bar" title="Address bar">address bar</a>. A typical URL could have the form <code>http://www.example.com/index.html</code>, which indicates a protocol (<code>http</code>), a <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a> (<code>www.example.com</code>), and a file name (<code>index.html</code>). <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Syntax">2 Syntax</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Internationalized_URL">3 Internationalized URL</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Protocol-relative_URLs">4 Protocol-relative URLs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Citations">7 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links">9 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Uniform Resource Locators were defined in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a> in 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, and the URI working group of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C1994-8">[7]</a> as an outcome of collaboration started at the IETF Living Documents <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_a_feather_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of a feather (computing)">birds of a feather</a> session in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C1994-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIETF1992-9">[8]</a> The format combines the pre-existing system of <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain names</a> (created in 1985) with <a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">file path</a> syntax, where <a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slashes</a> are used to separate <a href="/wiki/Folder_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Folder (computing)">directory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filename" title="Filename">filenames</a>. Conventions already existed where server names could be prefixed to complete file paths, preceded by a double slash (<code>//</code>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015-10">[9]</a> Berners-Lee later expressed regret at the use of dots to separate the parts of the <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> within <a href="/wiki/URI" class="mw-redirect" title="URI">URIs</a>, wishing he had used slashes throughout,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015-10">[9]</a> and also said that, given the colon following the first component of a URI, the two slashes before the domain name were unnecessary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2009-11">[10]</a> Early <a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a> collaborators including Berners-Lee originally proposed the use of UDIs: Universal Document Identifiers. An early (1993) draft of the HTML Specification<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> referred to "Universal" Resource Locators. This was dropped some time between June 1994 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1630">1630</a>) and October 1994 (draft-ietf-uri-url-08.txt).<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> In his book <a href="/wiki/Weaving_the_Web" title="Weaving the Web">Weaving the Web</a>, Berners-Lee emphasizes his preference for the original inclusion of "universal" in the expansion rather than the word "uniform", to which it was later changed, and he gives a brief account of the contention that led to the change. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Syntax" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier § Syntax</a></div> Every HTTP URL conforms to the syntax of a generic URI. The URI generic syntax consists of five components organized hierarchically in order of decreasing significance from left to right:<a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-14">[13]</a>: §3 <pre>URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] </pre> A component is undefined if it has an associated delimiter and the delimiter does not appear in the URI; the scheme and path components are always defined.<a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-14">[13]</a>: §5.2.1 A component is empty if it has no characters; the scheme component is always non-empty.<a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-14">[13]</a>: §3 The authority component consists of subcomponents: <pre>authority = [userinfo "@"] host [":" port] </pre> This is represented in a <a href="/wiki/Syntax_diagram" title="Syntax diagram">syntax diagram</a> as: <a href="/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="URI syntax diagram"><noscript><img alt="URI syntax diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/URI_syntax_diagram.svg/1068px-URI_syntax_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1068" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1068px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/URI_syntax_diagram.svg/1068px-URI_syntax_diagram.svg.png" data-alt="URI syntax diagram" data-width="1068" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/URI_syntax_diagram.svg/1602px-URI_syntax_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/URI_syntax_diagram.svg/2136px-URI_syntax_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> The URI comprises: <ul><li>A non-empty <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>scheme component followed by a colon (<code>:</code>), consisting of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus (<code>+</code>), period (<code>.</code>), or hyphen (<code>-</code>). Although schemes are case-insensitive, the canonical form is lowercase and documents that specify schemes must do so with lowercase letters. Examples of popular schemes include <code><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">http</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/HTTP_Secure" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP Secure">https</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">ftp</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Mailto" title="Mailto">mailto</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/File_URI_scheme" title="File URI scheme">file</a></code>, <code><a href="/wiki/Data_URI_scheme" title="Data URI scheme">data</a></code> and <code><a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat#URI_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">irc</a></code>. URI schemes should be registered with the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)</a>, although non-registered schemes are used in practice.<a href="#cite_note-16">[b]</a></li> <li>An optional <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">authority component preceded by two slashes (<code>//</code>), comprising: <ul><li>An optional <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">userinfo subcomponent followed by an at symbol (<code>@</code>), that may consist of a <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">user name</a> and an optional <a href="/wiki/Password" title="Password">password</a> preceded by a colon (<code>:</code>). Use of the format <code>username:password</code> in the userinfo subcomponent is deprecated for security reasons. Applications should not render as clear text any data after the first colon (<code>:</code>) found within a userinfo subcomponent unless the data after the colon is the empty string (indicating no password).</li> <li>A <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">host subcomponent, consisting of either a registered name (including but not limited to a <a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a>) or an <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>. <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> addresses must be in <a href="/wiki/Dot-decimal_notation" title="Dot-decimal notation">dot-decimal notation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> addresses must be enclosed in brackets (<code>[]</code>).<a href="#cite_note-rfc3986-14">[13]</a>: §3.2.2 <a href="#cite_note-18">[c]</a></li> <li>An optional <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">port subcomponent preceded by a colon (<code>:</code>), consisting of decimal digits.</li></ul></li> <li>A <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">path component, consisting of a sequence of path segments separated by a slash (<code>/</code>). A path is always defined for a URI, though the defined path may be empty (zero length). A segment may also be empty, resulting in two consecutive slashes (<code>//</code>) in the path component. A path component may resemble or map exactly to a <a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">file system path</a> but does not always imply a relation to one. If an authority component is defined, then the path component must either be empty or begin with a slash (<code>/</code>). If an authority component is undefined, then the path cannot begin with an empty segment—that is, with two slashes (<code>//</code>)—since the following characters would be interpreted as an authority component.<a href="#cite_note-rfc2396-19">[16]</a>: §3.3 </li></ul> <dl><dd>By convention, in http and https URIs, the last part of a path is named <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">pathinfo and it is optional. It is composed by zero or more path segments that do not refer to an existing physical resource name (e.g. a file, an internal module program or an executable program) but to a logical part (e.g. a command or a qualifier part) that has to be passed separately to the first part of the path that identifies an executable module or program managed by a <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a>; this is often used to select dynamic content (a document, etc.) or to tailor it as requested (see also: <a href="/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface" title="Common Gateway Interface">CGI</a> and PATH_INFO, etc.).</dd> <dd>Example: <dl><dd>URI: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"http://www.example.com/questions/3456/my-document"</code></dd> <dd>where: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"/questions"</code> is the first part of the path (an executable module or program) and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"/3456/my-document"</code> is the second part of the path named pathinfo, which is passed to the executable module or program named <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"/questions"</code> to select the requested document.</dd></dl></dd> <dd>An http or https URI containing a pathinfo part without a <a href="#query">query</a> part may also be referred to as a '<a href="/wiki/Clean_URL" title="Clean URL">clean URL</a>,' whose last part may be a '<a href="/wiki/Clean_URL#Slug" title="Clean URL">slug</a>.'</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; font-size: 0.9em; margin-left: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th>Query delimiter </th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ampersand (<code>&</code>) </td> <td><code>key1=value1&key2=value2</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Semicolon (<code>;</code>)<a href="#cite_note-21">[d]</a> </td> <td><code>key1=value1;key2=value2</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>An optional <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">query component preceded by a question mark (<code>?</code>), consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Query_string" title="Query string">query string</a> of non-hierarchical data. Its syntax is not well defined, but by convention is most often a sequence of <a href="/wiki/Attribute%E2%80%93value_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Attribute–value pair">attribute–value pairs</a> separated by a <a href="/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter">delimiter</a>.</li> <li>An optional <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509">fragment component preceded by a <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">hash</a> (<code>#</code>). The fragment contains a <a href="/wiki/Fragment_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragment identifier">fragment identifier</a> providing direction to a secondary resource, such as a section heading in an article identified by the remainder of the URI. When the primary resource is an <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> document, the fragment is often an <a href="/wiki/HTML#Attributes" title="HTML"><code>id</code> attribute</a> of a specific element, and web browsers will scroll this element into view.</li></ul> A web browser will usually <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Resolution" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">dereference</a> a URL by performing an <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> request to the specified host, by default on port number 80. URLs using the <code>https</code> scheme require that requests and responses be made over a <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">secure connection to the website</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Internationalized_URL">Internationalized URL</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Internet users are distributed throughout the world using a wide variety of languages and alphabets, and expect to be able to create URLs in their own local alphabets. An <a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier" title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">Internationalized Resource Identifier</a> (IRI) is a form of URL that includes <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. All modern browsers support IRIs. The parts of the URL requiring special treatment for different alphabets are the domain name and path.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2008-22">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2014-23">[19]</a> The domain name in the IRI is known as an <a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Domain_Name" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationalized Domain Name">Internationalized Domain Name</a> (IDN). Web and Internet software automatically convert the domain name into <a href="/wiki/Punycode" title="Punycode">punycode</a> usable by the <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a>; for example, the Chinese URL <code>http://例子.卷筒纸</code> becomes <code>http://xn--fsqu00a.xn--3lr804guic/</code>. The <code>xn--</code> indicates that the character was not originally <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIANA2003-24">[20]</a> The URL path name can also be specified by the user in the local writing system. If not already encoded, it is converted to <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, and any characters not part of the basic URL character set are escaped as <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> using <a href="/wiki/Percent-encoding" title="Percent-encoding">percent-encoding</a>; for example, the Japanese URL <code> http://example.com/引き割り.html</code> becomes <code>http://example.com/%E5%BC%95%E3%81%8D%E5%89%B2%E3%82%8A.html</code>. The target computer decodes the address and displays the page.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2008-22">[18]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Protocol-relative_URLs">Protocol-relative URLs</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Protocol-relative links (PRL), also known as protocol-relative URLs (PRURL), are URLs that have no protocol specified. For example, <code>//example.com</code> will use the protocol of the current page, typically HTTP or HTTPS.<a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">Hyperlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_uniform_resource_locator" title="Persistent uniform resource locator">PURL</a> – Persistent URL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CURIE" title="CURIE">CURIE</a> (Compact URI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/URI_fragment" title="URI fragment">URI fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_resource_locator" title="Internet resource locator">Internet resource locator</a> (IRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier" title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">Internationalized Resource Identifier</a> (IRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_URL" title="Clean URL">Clean URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typosquatting" title="Typosquatting">Typosquatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URI_normalization" title="URI normalization">URI normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)#Networking" title="Slash (punctuation)">Use of slashes in networking</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> A URL implies the means to access an indicated resource and is denoted by a protocol or an access mechanism, which is not true of every URI.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERFC_23961998-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002-4">[4]</a> Thus <code>http://www.example.com</code> is a URL, while <code>www.example.com</code> is not.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> The procedures for registering new URI schemes were originally defined in 1999 by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2717">2717</a>, and are now defined by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7595">7595</a>, published in June 2015.<a href="#cite_note-rfc7595-15">[14]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> For URIs relating to resources on the World Wide Web, some web browsers allow <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.0</code> portions of dot-decimal notation to be dropped or raw integer IP addresses to be used.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELawrence2014-17">[15]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Historic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866">1866</a> (obsoleted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2854">2854</a>) encourages CGI authors to support ';' in addition to '&'.<a href="#cite_note-rfc1866-20">[17]</a>: §8.2.1 </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2009-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2009_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFW3C2009">W3C (2009)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zzz.buzz/2017/09/19/forward-and-backslashes-in-urls/">"Forward and Backslashes in URLs"</a>. zzz.buzz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904050005/https://zzz.buzz/2017/09/19/forward-and-backslashes-in-urls/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-09-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zzz.buzz&rft.atitle=Forward+and+Backslashes+in+URLs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzzz.buzz%2F2017%2F09%2F19%2Fforward-and-backslashes-in-urls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERFC_39862005-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFC_39862005_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRFC_39862005">RFC 3986 (2005)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002_4-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJoint_W3C/IETF_URI_Planning_Interest_Group2002">Joint W3C/IETF URI Planning Interest Group (2002)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERFC_23961998-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERFC_23961998_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRFC_23961998">RFC 2396 (1998)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiessler" class="citation web cs1">Miessler, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://danielmiessler.com/study/url-uri/#gs.Hs64zOs">"The Difference Between URLs and URIs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054341/https://danielmiessler.com/study/url-uri/#gs.Hs64zOs">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-17. Retrieved 2017-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Difference+Between+URLs+and+URIs&rft.aulast=Miessler&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdanielmiessler.com%2Fstudy%2Furl-uri%2F%23gs.Hs64zOs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C1994-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C1994_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C1994_8-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFW3C1994">W3C (1994)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIETF1992-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIETF1992_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIETF1992">IETF (1992)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerners-Lee2015_10-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBerners-Lee2015">Berners-Lee (2015)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2009-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News2009_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBBC_News2009">BBC News (2009)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-LeeConnolly1993" class="citation techreport cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Connolly" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Connolly">Connolly, Daniel "Dan"</a> (March 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucc.ie/archive/curia/dtds/html-spec.ps">Hypertext Markup Language (draft RFCxxx)</a> (Technical report). p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023232709/https://www.ucc.ie/archive/curia/dtds/html-spec.ps">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2017-10-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Hypertext+Markup+Language+%28draft+RFCxxx%29&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1993-03&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Connolly%2C+Daniel+%22Dan%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Farchive%2Fcuria%2Fdtds%2Fhtml-spec.ps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-LeeMasinterMcCahill1994" class="citation techreport cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">Masinter, Larry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Perry_McCahill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Perry McCahill">McCahill, Mark Perry</a> (October 1994). Uniform Resource Locators (URL) (Technical report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Locators+%28URL%29&rft.date=1994-10&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Masinter%2C+Larry&rft.au=McCahill%2C+Mark+Perry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> (This Internet-Draft was published as a Proposed Standard RFC, <a href="#CITEREFRFC_17381994">RFC 1738 (1994)</a>) Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngMartin1995" class="citation techreport cs1">Ang, C. S.; Martin, D. C. (January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9501&L=HTML-WG&P=R23201&X=C6F9505B05BC9A3B67">Constituent Component Interface++</a> (Technical report). UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023231159/https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9501&L=HTML-WG&P=R23201&X=C6F9505B05BC9A3B67">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2017-10-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Constituent+Component+Interface%2B%2B&rft.pub=UCSF+Library+and+Center+for+Knowledge+Management&rft.date=1995-01&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rft.au=Martin%2C+D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flistserv.heanet.ie%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwa%3FA2%3Dind9501%26L%3DHTML-WG%26P%3DR23201%26X%3DC6F9505B05BC9A3B67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc3986-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_14-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3986_14-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Berners-LeeR._FieldingL._Masinter2005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">T. Berners-Lee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_Fielding" title="Roy Fielding">R. Fielding</a>; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Masinter" title="Larry Masinter">L. Masinter</a> (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax</a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC3986">10.17487/RFC3986</a>. STD 66. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifier+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3986&rft.au=T.+Berners-Lee&rft.au=R.+Fielding&rft.au=L.+Masinter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> Internet Standard 66. Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2732">2732</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396">2396</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1808">1808</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6874">6874</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7320">7320</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8820">8820</a>. Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc7595-15"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc7595_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansenHardie2015" class="citation cs1">Hansen, Tony; Hardie, Ted (June 2015). Thaler, Dave (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7595">Guidelines and Registration Procedures for URI Schemes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7595">10.17487/RFC7595</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2070-1721">2070-1721</a>. BCP 35. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7595">7595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+and+Registration+Procedures+for+URI+Schemes&rft.pub=Internet+Engineering+Task+Force&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7595&rft.issn=2070-1721&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Hardie%2C+Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> Best Current Practice. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8615">8615</a>. Obsoletes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4395">4395</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELawrence2014-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawrence2014_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLawrence2014">Lawrence (2014)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc2396-19"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc2396_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Berners-LeeR._FieldingL._Masinter1998" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">T. Berners-Lee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_Fielding" title="Roy Fielding">R. Fielding</a>; L. Masinter (August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396">Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC2396">10.17487/RFC2396</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2396">2396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifiers+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1998-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC2396&rft.au=T.+Berners-Lee&rft.au=R.+Fielding&rft.au=L.+Masinter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc2396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> Obsolete. Obsoleted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986">3986</a>. Updated by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2732">2732</a>. Updates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1808">1808</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1738">1738</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc1866-20"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc1866_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-LeeConnolly1995" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; Connolly, Daniel W. (November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866">Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0</a>. Network Working Group. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1866">10.17487/RFC1866</a>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1866">1866</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hypertext+Markup+Language+-+2.0&rft.pub=Network+Working+Group&rft.date=1995-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1866&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Connolly%2C+Daniel+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> Historic. Obsoleted by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222">RFC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2854">2854</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2008-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2008_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2008_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFW3C2008">W3C (2008)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEW3C2014-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEW3C2014_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFW3C2014">W3C (2014)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIANA2003-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIANA2003_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIANA2003">IANA (2003)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaser2014" class="citation book cs1">Glaser, J. D. (2014-03-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6u2sBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA193">Secure Development for Mobile Apps: How to Design and Code Secure Mobile Applications with PHP and JavaScript</a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-48220903-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-48220903-7"><bdi>978-1-48220903-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2015-10-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secure+Development+for+Mobile+Apps%3A+How+to+Design+and+Code+Secure+Mobile+Applications+with+PHP+and+JavaScript&rft.pages=193&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft.isbn=978-1-48220903-7&rft.aulast=Glaser&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6u2sBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer2011" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Steven M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DW0uyBZzEDwC&pg=PT124">HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible</a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-11808130-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-11808130-3"><bdi>978-1-11808130-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2015-10-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HTML%2C+XHTML%2C+and+CSS+Bible&rft.pages=124&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-11808130-3&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Steven+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDW0uyBZzEDwC%26pg%3DPT124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_News2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8306631.stm">"Berners-Lee "sorry" for slashes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2009-10-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605102245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8306631.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-05. 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Retrieved 2015-08-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Locators+%28URL%29&rft.date=1994-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1738&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Masinter%2C+Larry&rft.au=McCahill%2C+Mark+Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerners-Lee2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a> (2015) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html#etc">"Why the //, #, etc?"</a>. 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Retrieved 2015-09-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+from+the+Joint+W3C%2FIETF+URI+Planning+Interest+Group%3A+Uniform+Resource+Identifiers+%28URIs%29%2C+URLs%2C+and+Uniform+Resource+Names+%28URNs%29%3A+Clarifications+and+Recommendations&rft.date=2002-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3305&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRFC_39862005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roy_T._Fielding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy T. 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Retrieved 2015-08-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Syntax+Components&rft.btitle=Uniform+Resource+Identifiers+%28URI%29%3A+Generic+Syntax&rft.pages=sec.-3&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC3986&rft.aulast=Berners-Lee&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Fielding%2C+Roy+T.&rft.au=Masinter%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc3986%26%23035%3Bsection-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW3C2008" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/International/articles/idn-and-iri/">"An Introduction to Multilingual Web Addresses"</a>. 2008-05-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150105041451/http://www.w3.org/International/articles/idn-and-iri/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-01-05. Retrieved 2015-01-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Multilingual+Web+Addresses&rft.date=2008-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FInternational%2Farticles%2Fidn-and-iri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW3C2014" class="citation web cs1">Phillip, A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/International/wiki/IRIStatus">"What is Happening with "International URLs""</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150217192459/https://www.w3.org/International/wiki/IRIStatus">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-02-17. Retrieved 2015-01-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Happening+with+%22International+URLs%22&rft.pub=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Phillip&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FInternational%2Fwiki%2FIRIStatus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2014" class="citation web cs1">Lawrence, Eric (2014-03-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/ieinternals/browser-arcana-ip-literals-in-urls">"Browser Arcana: IP Literals in URLs"</a>. Microsoft Learn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622181648/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/ieinternals/browser-arcana-ip-literals-in-urls">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-22. Retrieved 2020-06-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Browser+Arcana%3A+IP+Literals+in+URLs&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Farchive%2Fblogs%2Fieinternals%2Fbrowser-arcana-ip-literals-in-urls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AURL" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/">URL specification</a> at <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slevithan.github.io/parseuri/demo/">URL splitter</a> that splits any URI into its parts</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=1230124093">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=1230124093</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=URL&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 20 June 2024, at 19:53 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronadres" title="Bronadres – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bronadres" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettfrumfindend" title="Nettfrumfindend – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nettfrumfindend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="محدد موقع الموارد الموحد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محدد موقع الموارد الموحد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8lo:URL" title="Modèlo:URL – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Modèlo:URL" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0" title="ইউনিফর্ম রিসোর্স লোকেটর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউনিফর্ম রিসোর্স লোকেটর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="यूआरएल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="यूआरएल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Унифициран локатор на ресурси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Унифициран локатор на ресурси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localitzador_uniforme_de_recursos" title="Localitzador uniforme de recursos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Localitzador uniforme de recursos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetiaadress" title="Internetiaadress – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Internetiaadress" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Ενιαίος Εντοπιστής Πόρων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενιαίος Εντοπιστής Πόρων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localizador_de_recursos_uniforme" title="Localizador de recursos uniforme – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Localizador de recursos uniforme" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B9_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مکان‌یاب منبع یکسان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکان‌یاب منبع یکسان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimsitheoir_Aonfhoirmeach_Acmhainne" title="Aimsitheoir Aonfhoirmeach Acmhainne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aimsitheoir Aonfhoirmeach Acmhainne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0" title="યુનિફોર્મ રિસોર્સ લોકેટર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યુનિફોર્મ રિસોર્સ લોકેટર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF)" title="सम स्रोत निर्धारक (स्रोनि) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सम स्रोत निर्धारक (स्रोनि)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokator_Sumber_Seragam" title="Lokator Sumber Seragam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lokator Sumber Seragam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netsl%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Netslóð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Netslóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81.%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D.%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯು.ಆರ್.ಎಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯು.ಆರ್.ಎಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniforme_Rerum_Locatrum" title="Uniforme Rerum Locatrum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Uniforme Rerum Locatrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienotais_resursu_vietr%C4%81dis" title="Vienotais resursu vietrādis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vienotais resursu vietrādis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="യൂനിഫോം റിസോഴ്സ് ലൊക്കേറ്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂനിഫോം റിസോഴ്സ് ലൊക്കേറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84" title="يو آر إل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يو آر إل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelokasi_Sumber_Seragam" title="Pelokasi Sumber Seragam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pelokasi Sumber Seragam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="युआरएल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युआरएल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8_%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%B0" title="ୟୁନିଫର୍ମ ରିସୋର୍ସ ଲୋକେଟର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ୟୁନିଫର୍ମ ରିସୋର୍ସ ଲୋକେଟର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਯੂ ਆਰ ਐੱਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂ ਆਰ ਐੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%84" title="يو ار اېل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يو ار اېل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Localizator_uniform_de_resurse" title="Localizator uniform de resurse – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Localizator uniform de resurse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednotn%C3%BD_vyh%C4%BEad%C3%A1va%C4%8D_prostriedku" title="Jednotný vyhľadávač prostriedku – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jednotný vyhľadávač prostriedku" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شوێندۆزی سەرچاوەی جیھانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شوێندۆزی سەرچاوەی جیھانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="உரலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="ยูอาร์แอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูอาร์แอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Уніфікований локатор ресурсів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уніфікований локатор ресурсів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یو آر ایل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یو آر ایل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%AC%A6" title="统一资源定位符 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="统一资源定位符" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL" title="URL – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="URL" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" title="Uniform Resource Locator – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Uniform Resource Locator" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E5%9D%80" title="網址 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="網址" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%AC%A6" title="统一资源定位符 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="统一资源定位符" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 June 2024, at 19:53 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available 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