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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">White paper</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ورقة بيضاء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ورقة بيضاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="শ্বেতপত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্বেতপত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-ph%C3%B4e-su" title="Pe̍h-phôe-su – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pe̍h-phôe-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijela_knjiga" title="Bijela knjiga – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bijela knjiga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibre_blanc" title="Llibre blanc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llibre blanc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%A1_kniha" title="Bílá kniha – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bílá kniha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidbog" title="Hvidbog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvidbog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Paper" title="White Paper – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="White Paper" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Λευκή Βίβλος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκή Βίβλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_blanco" title="Libro blanco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libro blanco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liburu_zuri" title="Liburu zuri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liburu zuri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="اوراق سفید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوراق سفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_blanc" title="Livre blanc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livre blanc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_branco" title="Libro branco – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Libro branco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%84%9C" title="백서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijela_knjiga" title="Bijela knjiga – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bijela knjiga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_blanka" title="Libro blanka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Libro blanka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku_putih" title="Buku putih – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buku putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADtb%C3%B3k" title="Hvítbók – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvítbók" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_bianco" title="Libro bianco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libro bianco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="ספר לבן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספר לבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಶ್ವೇತ ಪತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶ್ವೇತ ಪತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_albus" title="Liber albus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liber albus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%C4%81_gr%C4%81mata" title="Baltā grāmata – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baltā grāmata" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feh%C3%A9r_k%C3%B6nyv" title="Fehér könyv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fehér könyv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ധവളപത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ധവളപത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witboek_(document)" title="Witboek (document) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Witboek (document)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="श्वेतपत्र – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="श्वेतपत्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%9B%B8" title="白書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_ksi%C4%99ga" title="Biała księga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biała księga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro_branco" title="Livro branco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Livro branco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Белая книга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белая книга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="श्वेतपत्रम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="श्वेतपत्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F" title="ධවල පත්‍රිකා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ධවල පත්‍රිකා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_knjiga" title="Bela knjiga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bela knjiga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_knjiga" title="Bela knjiga – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Bela knjiga" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijela_knjiga" title="Bijela knjiga – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bijela knjiga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="White paper" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitbok_(skrift)" title="Vitbok (skrift) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vitbok (skrift)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puting_papel" title="Puting papel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Puting papel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="வெள்ளை அறிக்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெள்ளை அறிக்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="శ్వేత పత్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శ్వేత పత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="สมุดปกขาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมุดปกขาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyaz_kitap" title="Beyaz kitap – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyaz kitap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Біла книга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біла книга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ch_tr%E1%BA%AFng" title="Sách trắng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sách trắng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9A" title="ווייסבוך – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווייסבוך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8" title="白皮書 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白皮書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1tabo_s%C4%B1p%C3%AA" title="Kıtabo sıpê – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kıtabo sıpê" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E4%B9%A6" title="白皮书 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="白皮书" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Preliminary document for evaluation of approach</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Copy_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Copy paper">Copy paper</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_paper_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="White paper (disambiguation)">White paper (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p> A <b>white paper</b> is a report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> on the matter. It is meant to help readers understand an issue, solve a problem, or make a decision. Since the 1990s, this type of document has proliferated in business. Today, a <a href="/wiki/Business-to-business" title="Business-to-business">business-to-business</a> (B2B) white paper is closer to a marketing presentation, a form of content meant to persuade customers and partners and promote a certain product or viewpoint.<sup id="cite_ref-White_Paper_Guy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_Paper_Guy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SearchSOA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SearchSOA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That makes B2B white papers a type of <a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">grey literature</a>. </p><p>The term originated in the 1920s to mean a type of <a href="/wiki/Position_paper" title="Position paper">position paper</a> or industry report published by a department of the UK government. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_government">In government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_paper&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>white paper</i> originated with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a> of 1922 being an early example.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the British government, a white paper is usually the less extensive version of the so-called <i><a href="/wiki/Blue_book_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Blue book (disambiguation)">blue book</a></i>, both terms being derived from the colour of the document's cover.<sup id="cite_ref-SearchSOA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SearchSOA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White papers are a "tool of participatory democracy ... not [an] unalterable policy commitment".<sup id="cite_ref-Doerr_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doerr-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "White papers have tried to perform the dual role of presenting firm government policies while at the same time inviting opinions upon them."<sup id="cite_ref-Pemberton_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pemberton-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, a white paper is "a policy document, approved by <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet</a>, tabled in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> and made available to the general public".<sup id="cite_ref-Doerr2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doerr2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "provision of policy information through the use of white and green papers can help to create an awareness of policy issues among parliamentarians and the public and to encourage an exchange of information and analysis. They can also serve as educational techniques."<sup id="cite_ref-Doerr3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doerr3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White papers are a way the government can present policy preferences before it introduces legislation. Publishing a white paper tests public opinion on controversial policy issues and helps the government gauge its probable impact.<sup id="cite_ref-Chapin_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapin-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By contrast, <a href="/wiki/Green_paper" title="Green paper">green papers</a>, which are issued much more frequently, are more open-ended. Also known as <i>consultation documents</i>, green papers may merely propose a strategy to implement in the details of other legislation, or they may set out proposals on which the government wishes to obtain public views and opinion. </p><p>Examples of governmental white papers include, in Australia, <i><a href="/wiki/White_Paper_on_Full_Employment_in_Australia" title="White Paper on Full Employment in Australia">Full Employment in Australia</a></i> and, in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper of 1939</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1966_Defence_White_Paper" title="1966 Defence White Paper">1966 Defence White Paper</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> history, the British <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper of 1939</a> –  marking a sharp turn against Zionism in British policy and at the time greeted with great anger by the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> community in Mandatory Palestine –  is remembered as "<i>The</i> White Paper" (in Hebrew Ha'Sefer Ha'Lavan <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">הספר הלבן</span></span> –  literally "The White Book"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_business-to-business_marketing">In business-to-business marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_paper&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In business-to-business marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the early 1990s, the terms "white paper" or "whitepaper" have been applied to documents used as marketing or sales tools in business. These white papers are long-form content designed to promote the products or services from a specific company. As a marketing tool, these papers use selected facts and logical arguments to build a case favorable to the company sponsoring the document. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Business-to-business" title="Business-to-business">B2B</a> (business-to-business) white papers are often used to generate sales leads, establish <a href="/wiki/Thought_leader" title="Thought leader">thought leadership</a>, make a business case, grow email lists, grow audiences, increase sales, or inform and persuade readers. The audiences for a B2B white paper can include prospective customers, channel partners, journalists, analysts, investors, or any other stakeholders. </p><p>White papers are considered to be a form of <a href="/wiki/Content_marketing" title="Content marketing">content marketing</a> or inbound marketing; in other words, sponsored content available on the web with or without registration, intended to raise the visibility of the sponsor in search engine results and build web traffic. Many B2B white papers argue that one particular <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Product_(business)" title="Product (business)">product</a>, ideology,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or methodology is superior to all others for solving a specific business problem. They may also present research findings, list a set of questions or tips about a certain business issue, or highlight a particular product or service from a vendor.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are, essentially, three main types of commercial white papers: </p> <ul><li><b>Backgrounder</b>: Describes the technical or business benefits of a certain vendor's offering; either a product, service, or methodology. This type of white paper is best used to supplement a product launch, argue a business case, or support a technical evaluation at the bottom of the <a href="/wiki/Sales_funnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sales funnel">sales funnel</a> or the end of the <a href="/wiki/Customer_journey" class="mw-redirect" title="Customer journey">customer journey</a>. This is the least challenging type to produce, since much of the content is readily available in-house at the sponsor.</li> <li><b>Numbered list</b>: Presents a set of tips, questions, or points about a certain business issue. This type is best used to get attention with new or provocative views, or cast aspersions on competitors. Also called a <a href="/wiki/Listicle" title="Listicle">listicle</a> this is the fastest type to create; a numbered list can often be devised from a single brainstorming session, and each item can be presented as an isolated point, not part of any step-by-step logical argument.</li> <li><b>Problem/solution</b>: Recommends a new, improved solution to a nagging business problem. This type is best used to generate leads at the top of the <a href="/wiki/Sales_funnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sales funnel">sales funnel</a> or the start of the customer journey, build <a href="/wiki/Mind_share" title="Mind share">mind share</a>, or inform and persuade stakeholders, building trust and credibility in the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the most challenging type to produce, since it requires research gathered from third-party sources and used as proof points in building a logical argument.</li></ul> <p>While a numbered list may be combined with either other type, it is not workable to combine a backgrounder with a problem/solution white paper. While a backgrounder looks inward at the details of one particular product or service, a problem/solution looks outward at an industry-wide problem. This is rather like the difference between looking through a microscope and looking through a telescope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_paper&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several variations on the colour theme exist: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Green_paper" title="Green paper">green paper</a> is a proposal or consultative document rather than being authoritative or final.</li> <li>The Red Book, the UK Chancellors Budget will set out the highlights and reasoning behind the governments proposed taxation and spending policies in a White Paper called <i>The Financial Statement and Budget Report</i> (FSBR) while an accompanying document called the <i>Red Book</i> will contain the detailed financial costings of the policies, estimates of revenue and forecasts for public sector borrowing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Two others are much less well established: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Blue_paper" title="Blue paper">blue paper</a> sets out technical specifications of a technology or item of equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>A yellow paper is a document containing research that has not yet been formally accepted or published in an academic journal. It is synonymous with the more widely used term <i><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_paper&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic paper">Research paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_book_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Blue book (disambiguation)">Blue book (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_study" title="Case study">Case study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_paper" title="Green paper">Green paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">Grey literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persuasive_writing" title="Persuasive writing">Persuasive writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_the_sandbox" title="Wikipedia:About the sandbox">Wiki sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">E-publishing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_paper&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-White_Paper_Guy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White_Paper_Guy_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGraham" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Gordon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thatwhitepaperguy.com/white-paper-faq-frequently-asked-questions/#what_is">"What exactly is a white paper?"</a>. The White Paper FAQ<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+exactly+is+a+white+paper%3F&rft.pub=The+White+Paper+FAQ&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thatwhitepaperguy.com%2Fwhite-paper-faq-frequently-asked-questions%2F%23what_is&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SearchSOA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SearchSOA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SearchSOA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRouse" class="citation web cs1">Rouse, Margaret. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150313071052/http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/white-paper">"white paper definition"</a>. TechTarget. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/white-paper">the original</a> on 13 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=white+paper+definition&rft.pub=TechTarget&rft.aulast=Rouse&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearchsoa.techtarget.com%2Fdefinition%2Fwhite-paper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelzner2008" class="citation web cs1">Stelzner, Michael A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702192610/http://www.writingwhitepapers.com/resources.html">"Learn all about white papers"</a>. Whitepaper Source Publishing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.writingwhitepapers.com/resources.html">the original</a> on 2 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Learn+all+about+white+papers&rft.pub=Whitepaper+Source+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Stelzner&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.writingwhitepapers.com%2Fresources.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2017" class="citation web cs1">James, Anthony (17 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://klariti.com/white-papers/origin-of-white-papers/">"Origin of White Papers"</a>. Klariti.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origin+of+White+Papers&rft.pub=Klariti.com&rft.date=2017-06-17&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fklariti.com%2Fwhite-papers%2Forigin-of-white-papers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doerr-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doerr_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doerr, Audrey D. The Role of White Papers. In: Doern, G. B. and Peter Aucoin. The Structures of Policy-making in Canada. Toronto, MacMillan, 1971. pp. 179–203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pemberton-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pemberton_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pemberton, John E. Government Green Papers. Library World 71:49 Aug. 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doerr2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doerr2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doerr, Audrey D. The Role of White Papers in the Policy-making Process: the Experience of the Government of Canada. 1973. Thesis (Ph.D.) – Carleton University. 1. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doerr3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doerr3_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doerr, Audrey D. The Machinery of Government. Toronto, Methuen, 1981. p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chapin-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chapin_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chapin, Henry and Denis Deneau. Citizen involvement in Public Policy-making: Access and the Policy-making Process. Ottawa, Canadian Council on Social Development, 1978. p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInwoodZappavigna2021" class="citation journal cs1">Inwood, Olivia; Zappavigna, Michele (1 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2021.1877995">"Ideology, attitudinal positioning, and the blockchain: a social semiotic approach to understanding the values construed in the whitepapers of blockchain start-ups"</a>. <i>Social Semiotics</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 451–469. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10350330.2021.1877995">10.1080/10350330.2021.1877995</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1035-0330">1035-0330</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234051310">234051310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Semiotics&rft.atitle=Ideology%2C+attitudinal+positioning%2C+and+the+blockchain%3A+a+social+semiotic+approach+to+understanding+the+values+construed+in+the+whitepapers+of+blockchain+start-ups&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=451-469&rft.date=2021-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234051310%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1035-0330&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10350330.2021.1877995&rft.aulast=Inwood&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft.au=Zappavigna%2C+Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F10350330.2021.1877995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKantor2009" class="citation book cs1">Kantor, Jonathan (2009). <i>Crafting White Paper 2.0: Designing Information for Today's Time and Attention Challenged Business Reader</i>. Denver, Colorado: Lulu Publishing. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-557-16324-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-557-16324-3"><bdi>978-0-557-16324-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crafting+White+Paper+2.0%3A+Designing+Information+for+Today%27s+Time+and+Attention+Challenged+Business+Reader&rft.place=Denver%2C+Colorado&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Lulu+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-557-16324-3&rft.aulast=Kantor&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2010" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Gordon (2010). <i>How to Pick the Perfect Flavor for Your Next White Paper</i>. ThatWhitePaperGuy. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Pick+the+Perfect+Flavor+for+Your+Next+White+Paper&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=ThatWhitePaperGuy&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-information-office/p05.pdf">"Budgets and Financial Documents"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>UK Parliament</i>. August 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0144-4689">0144-4689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Budgets+and+Financial+Documents&rft.date=2010-08&rft.issn=0144-4689&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fglobalassets%2Fdocuments%2Fcommons-information-office%2Fp05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212122242/http://www.genuinewriting.com/blue_paper.html">"Blue Paper"</a>. <i>Genuine Writing</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuinewriting.com/blue_paper.html">the original</a> on 12 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Genuine+Writing&rft.atitle=Blue+Paper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genuinewriting.com%2Fblue_paper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_paper&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2013" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Gordon (2013). <i>White Papers For Dummies</i>. New York: Wiley. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-49692-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-49692-3"><bdi>978-1-118-49692-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Papers+For+Dummies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-118-49692-3&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelzner2006" class="citation book cs1">Stelzner, Michael (2006). <i>Writing White Papers: How to capture readers and keep them engaged</i>. Poway, California: WhitePaperSource Publishing. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9777169-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9777169-3-7"><bdi>978-0-9777169-3-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+White+Papers%3A+How+to+capture+readers+and+keep+them+engaged&rft.place=Poway%2C+California&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=WhitePaperSource+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9777169-3-7&rft.aulast=Stelzner&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBly2006" class="citation book cs1">Bly, Robert W. (2006). <i>The White Paper Marketing Handbook</i>. Florence, Kentucky: South-Western Educational Publishing. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-324-30082-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-324-30082-6"><bdi>978-0-324-30082-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+White+Paper+Marketing+Handbook&rft.place=Florence%2C+Kentucky&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=South-Western+Educational+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-324-30082-6&rft.aulast=Bly&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhite+paper" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_paper&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/glossary/white_paper_en.htm">White paper – EU glossary</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Academic_publishing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Academic publishing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">Academic journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">Scientific journal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_journal" title="Public health journal">Public health</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing#Scholarly_paper" title="Academic publishing">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_article" title="Review article">Review article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_paper" title="Position paper">Position paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_review" title="Literature review">Literature review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">Grey literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_paper" title="Working paper">Working paper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">White paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">Technical report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">Annual report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">Pamphlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">Essay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Lab notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other publication types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_articles" title="Collection of articles">Collection of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Chemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">Monograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(books)" title="Chapter (books)">Chapter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster_session" title="Poster session">Poster session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_proceedings" title="Conference proceedings">Proceedings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and ranking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acknowledgment_index" title="Acknowledgment index">Acknowledgment index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altmetrics" title="Altmetrics">Altmetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article-level_metrics" title="Article-level metrics">Article-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author-level_metrics" title="Author-level metrics">Author-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">Citation impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_index" title="Citation index">Citation index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_ranking" title="Journal ranking">Journal ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigenfactor" title="Eigenfactor">Eigenfactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index">h-index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform and access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_citation_advantage" title="Open access citation advantage">Citation advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serials_crisis" title="Serials crisis">Serials crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">#ICanHazPDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versioning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">Version of record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">Erratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retraction_in_academic_publishing" title="Retraction in academic publishing">Retraction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Indexes and search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMiner_(database)" title="AMiner (database)">AMiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASE_(search_engine)" title="BASE (search engine)">BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORE_(research_service)" title="CORE (research service)">CORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">Semantic Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperity" title="Paperity">Paperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAlex" title="OpenAlex">OpenAlex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_writing" title="Scientific writing">Scientific writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">Scholarly communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scientific literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Open research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_scientific_data" title="Open scientific data">Open scientific data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" title="Ingelfinger rule">Ingelfinger rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_publishable_unit" title="Least publishable unit">Least publishable unit</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Publish_or_perish" title="Publish or perish">Publish or perish</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_academic_journals" title="Lists of academic journals">Academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scientific_journals" title="List of scientific journals">Scientific journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">Open-access journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_university_presses" title="List of university presses">University presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" title="Copyright policies of academic publishers">Copyright policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_publishers_by_preprint_policy" title="List of academic publishers by preprint policy">Preprint policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_style_guides#Academic" title="List of style guides">Style/formatting guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_publishing" title="Category:Academic publishing">Category:Academic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientific_documents" title="Category:Scientific documents">Category:Scientific documents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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