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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>The Political Graveyard: Mayors and Postmasters of Lansing, Michigan</title> <meta name="description" content="A database of political history and cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919 U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present."> <meta name="keywords" content="political biography history genealogy cemeteries politics candidates congress senators legislators governors politicians biographies ancestors mayors birthplace geography elections"> <meta name="author" content="Lawrence Kestenbaum"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-7383562-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'https://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFDD" text="#000000" link="#cc0000" alink="#ff0000" vlink="#760000"> <style type="text/css"> p {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} td {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} A:link {text-decoration: none} A:visited {text-decoration: none} A:active {text-decoration: none} A:hover {text-decoration: underline} </style> <p align=center style="font-size:28pt; font-family:garamond,serif"> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">PoliticalGraveyard.com</span><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html" border=0> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgmain6.gif" width=450 height=216 border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard: A Database of American History"></a><br> Mayors and Postmasters of Lansing, Michigan</p> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%><tr><td valign="top"> <p><a name=g><hr></a></p> <p> <b>Mayors of Lansing, 1859-2022</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/smith4.html#444.63.68">Hiram H. Smith</a> 1859 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kerr.html#458.49.72">John A. Kerr</a> 1860 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/chapman.html#670.76.72">William H. Chapman</a> 1861-62 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barsham-bartless.html#815.98.57">Ira H. Bartholomew</a> 1863-65 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hayworth-heacock.html#502.25.32">William H. Haze</a> 1866 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/peck.html#136.48.33">George W. Peck</a> 1867 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hessberg-hewson.html#331.68.83">Cyrus Hewitt</a> 1868-69 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wright8.html#245.42.80">Solomon W. Wright</a> 1870 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/robison-rockne.html#130.70.93">John Robson</a> 1871-72 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/toncray-toolan.html#116.10.89">John S. Tooker</a> 1872-74 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/buck.html#781.33.39">Daniel W. Buck</a> 1874-76 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/toncray-toolan.html#116.10.89">John S. Tooker</a> 1876-77 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barnes.html#239.91.71">Orlando M. Barnes</a> 1877-78 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/warner-warnock.html#610.54.36">Joseph E. Warner</a> 1878-79 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/valerius-vancamp.html#485.56.02">William Van Buren</a> 1879-81 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/robison-rockne.html#130.70.93">John Robson</a> 1881-82 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barnes.html#100.35.04">Orlando F. Barnes</a> 1882-84 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/donovan.html#408.33.66">William Donovan</a> 1884-86 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/buck.html#781.33.39">Daniel W. Buck</a> 1886-87 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/schultz.html#934.34.83">Jacob F. Schultz</a> 1887-88 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/crosse-crowe.html#745.29.98">John F. Crotty</a> 1888-89 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/turner5.html#131.86.52">James M. Turner</a> 1889-90 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/johnson3.html#308.99.73">Frank B. Johnson</a> 1890-91 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bellacosa-bendl.html#845.52.98">Arthur O. Bement</a> 1892-93 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wilbert-wilcomb.html#050.19.23">Alroy A. Wilbur</a> 1894 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/turner5.html#131.86.52">James M. Turner</a> 1895-96 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/osburn-ostrowski.html#867.25.67">Russell C. Ostrander</a> 1896-97 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/davis2.html#893.08.01">Charles J. Davis</a> 1897-1900 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hamlet-hammitt.html#877.51.96">James F. Hammell</a> 1900-03 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#256.81.04">Hugh Lyons</a> 1904-08 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bennett5.html#907.51.00">John S. Bennett</a> 1908-12 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/resa-reynold.html#831.83.04">J. Gottlieb Reutter</a> 1912-18 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fergusson-ferrington.html#362.11.09">Jacob W. Ferle</a> 1918-20 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kurvink-kyros.html#958.54.56">Benjamin A. Kyes</a> 1920-22 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fergusson-ferrington.html#362.11.09">Jacob W. Ferle</a> 1922 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mahool-majka.html#374.52.84">Silas S. Main</a> 1922-23 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a> 1923-27 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trippe-trumbo.html#296.37.63">Laird J. Troyer</a> 1927-31 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gravolet-gray.html#807.67.74">Peter F. Gray</a> 1931-33 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a> 1933-41 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stonebraker-stoughton.html#149.88.89">Arthur E. Stoppel</a> 1941 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hughes.html#097.08.44">Sam Street Hughes</a> 1941-43 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a> 1943-61 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bowerman-bowes.html#925.03.07">Willard I. Bowerman, Jr.</a> 1961-65 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murfee-murphree.html#734.85.77">Max E. Murninghan</a> 1965-69 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graves.html#588.02.37">Gerald W. Graves</a> 1969-81 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcinvale-mckane.html#807.16.96">Terry J. McKane</a> 1981-92 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/crawford.html#088.75.71">Jim Crawford</a> 1992-93 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holliman-hollon.html#593.20.22">David C. Hollister</a> 1993-2003 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bellacosa-bendl.html#890.06.91">Tony Benavides</a> 2003-05 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berl-berrien.html#933.48.81">Virg Bernero</a> 2005-17 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/schneiderman-schrock.html#901.88.98">Andy Schor</a> 2017- <p> <b>Events and Candidates</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <li> 1875 Apr 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/buck.html#781.33.39">Daniel W. Buck</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/davis3.html#420.76.56">E. H. Davis</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hull.html#976.77.07">J. B. Hull</a> (Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1876 Apr 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/toncray-toolan.html#116.10.89">John S. Tooker</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wiley.html#025.68.31">Washington G. Wiley</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/longan-looker.html#208.30.63">Ephraim Longyear</a> (Retrencher), defeated. <li> 1877 Apr 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barnes.html#239.91.71">Orlando M. Barnes</a> (Dem), elected. <li> 1878 Apr 1: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/warner-warnock.html#610.54.36">Joseph E. Warner</a> (Greenback), elected. <li> 1879 Apr 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/valerius-vancamp.html#485.56.02">William Van Buren</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/johnathan-johnsen.html#168.35.38">James Johns</a> (Greenback), defeated. <li> 1880 Apr 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/valerius-vancamp.html#485.56.02">William Van Buren</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1881 Apr 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/robison-rockne.html#130.70.93">John Robson</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1882 Apr 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barnes.html#100.35.04">Orlando F. Barnes</a> (Dem & Greenback), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wise.html#387.18.56">Alfred Wise</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1883 Apr 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/barnes.html#100.35.04">Orlando F. Barnes</a> (Dem & Greenback), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/shaffner-shanley.html#126.84.46">Rush J. Shank</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1884 Apr 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/donovan.html#408.33.66">William Donovan</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sanford.html#519.38.29">George P. Sanford</a> (Dem & Greenback), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wise.html#387.18.56">Alfred Wise</a> (Union), defeated. <li> 1885 Apr 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/donovan.html#408.33.66">William Donovan</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kidder-kilbourne.html#719.71.46">Samuel L. Kilbourne</a> (Dem), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/olden-oliven.html#426.30.33">P. F. Olds</a> (Greenback), defeated. <li> 1886 Apr 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/buck.html#781.33.39">Daniel W. Buck</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bingham.html#402.33.02">Stephen D. Bingham</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/taylor8.html#957.05.99">S. Taylor</a> (Prohibition), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cottrell-coudriet.html#221.51.40">A. Cottrell</a> (Greenback), defeated. <li> 1887 Apr 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/schultz.html#934.34.83">Jacob F. Schultz</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1888 Apr 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/crosse-crowe.html#745.29.98">John F. Crotty</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/robison-rockne.html#130.70.93">John Robson</a> (Rep & Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1889 Apr 1: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/turner5.html#131.86.52">James M. Turner</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1890 Apr 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/johnson3.html#308.99.73">Frank B. Johnson</a> (Dem), elected. <li> 1892 Apr 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bellacosa-bendl.html#845.52.98">Arthur O. Bement</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1895 Apr 1: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/turner5.html#131.86.52">James M. Turner</a>, elected. <li> 1896 Apr 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/osburn-ostrowski.html#867.25.67">Russell C. Ostrander</a> (Rep), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/shaffner-shanley.html#126.84.46">Rush J. Shank</a> (Dem), defeated. <li> 1897 Apr 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/davis2.html#893.08.01">Charles J. Davis</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1898 Apr 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/davis2.html#893.08.01">Charles J. Davis</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1900 Apr 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hamlet-hammitt.html#877.51.96">James F. Hammell</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/larkins-larrain.html#900.34.33">Horatio H. Larned</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1902 Apr 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hamlet-hammitt.html#877.51.96">James F. Hammell</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#256.81.04">Hugh Lyons</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sloane-slusarev.html#135.54.20">W. S. Sly</a> (Prohibition), defeated. <li> 1904 Apr 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#256.81.04">Hugh Lyons</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1906 Apr 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lyons-lytle.html#256.81.04">Hugh Lyons</a> (Rep), elected. <li> 1908 Apr 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bennett5.html#907.51.00">John S. Bennett</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pratt.html#593.17.38">George H. Pratt</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1910 Apr 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bennett5.html#907.51.00">John S. Bennett</a> (Dem), elected. <li> 1912 Apr 1: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/resa-reynold.html#831.83.04">J. Gottlieb Reutter</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ziegler.html#799.46.30">Otto Ziegler</a> (Rep), defeated. <li> 1914 Apr 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/resa-reynold.html#831.83.04">J. Gottlieb Reutter</a> (Dem), elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/davis2.html#404.84.30">Charles H. Davis</a> (Rep), defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/aylesworth-azro.html#237.81.17">Seymour A. Ayres</a>, defeated. <li> 1916 Apr 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/resa-reynold.html#831.83.04">J. Gottlieb Reutter</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mccullogh-mcdade.html#693.65.59">J. Charles McCullough</a>, defeated. <li> 1918 Apr 1: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fergusson-ferrington.html#362.11.09">Jacob W. Ferle</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bennett5.html#907.51.00">John S. Bennett</a>, defeated. <li> 1920 Apr 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kurvink-kyros.html#958.54.56">Benjamin A. Kyes</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fergusson-ferrington.html#362.11.09">Jacob W. Ferle</a>, defeated. <li> 1922 Apr 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fergusson-ferrington.html#362.11.09">Jacob W. Ferle</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kurvink-kyros.html#958.54.56">Benjamin A. Kyes</a>, defeated. <li> 1922 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fergusson-ferrington.html#362.11.09">Jacob W. Ferle</a>, died in office. <li> 1923 Apr 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/walsworth-walther.html#723.56.84">William C. Walters</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kurvink-kyros.html#958.54.56">Benjamin A. Kyes</a>, defeated. <li> 1924 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirchdorfer-kirkby.html#716.86.90">Otto C. Kirchen</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/walsworth-walther.html#723.56.84">William C. Walters</a>, defeated. <li> 1926 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trippe-trumbo.html#296.37.63">Laird J. Troyer</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, defeated. <li> 1928 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trippe-trumbo.html#296.37.63">Laird J. Troyer</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, defeated. <li> 1930 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gravolet-gray.html#807.67.74">Peter F. Gray</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trippe-trumbo.html#296.37.63">Laird J. Troyer</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/chalfant-chamberlin.html#572.82.35">Herbert E. Chamberlain</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, defeated. <li> 1932 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gravolet-gray.html#807.67.74">Peter F. Gray</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirchdorfer-kirkby.html#908.80.33">Fred L. Kircher</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/burts-busey.html#289.36.46">Herman T. Busch</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/christie.html#605.45.98">Robert J. Christie</a>, defeated. <li> 1933 Jun 30: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gravolet-gray.html#807.67.74">Peter F. Gray</a>, resigned. <li> 1933 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirchdorfer-kirkby.html#908.80.33">Fred L. Kircher</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harris2.html#536.71.60">D. D. Harris</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/foster.html#096.91.42">Harry G. Foster</a>, defeated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kellian-kellum.html#673.22.27">William S. Kellogg</a>, defeated. <li> 1934 Sep 11: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirchdorfer-kirkby.html#908.80.33">Fred L. Kircher</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/moore7.html#633.55.16">Ralph D. Moore</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1934 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirchdorfer-kirkby.html#908.80.33">Fred L. Kircher</a>, defeated. <li> 1936 Sep 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/christie.html#605.45.98">Robert J. Christie</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1936 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, defeated. <li> 1938 Sep 13: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/obrien8.html#367.94.33">Thomas T. O'Brien</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rutherfurd-ryall.html#003.62.48">Hazen C. Rutter</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pikiel-pinchot.html#093.54.91">Van W. Pilmore</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1938 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/obrien8.html#367.94.33">Thomas T. O'Brien</a>, defeated. <li> 1940 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/obrien8.html#367.94.33">Thomas T. O'Brien</a>, elected, but died before taking office; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/templeton-terrill.html#254.03.47">Max A. Templeton</a>, defeated. <li> 1941 Feb 17: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hughes.html#097.08.44">Sam Street Hughes</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kirchdorfer-kirkby.html#908.80.33">Fred L. Kircher</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/doughrity-doughty.html#997.98.97">Alfred H. Doughty</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graham6.html#591.93.53">Marshall S. Graham</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1941 Apr 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hughes.html#097.08.44">Sam Street Hughes</a>, elected unopposed. <li> 1942 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hughes.html#097.08.44">Sam Street Hughes</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, defeated. <li> 1943 Aug 10: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hughes.html#097.08.44">Sam Street Hughes</a>, resigned. <li> 1943 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/russell5.html#647.32.96">John H. Russell</a>, defeated. <li> 1944 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, elected unopposed. <li> 1946 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/frederick-freels.html#420.51.28">Catherine R. Freeland</a>, defeated. <li> 1948 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, elected unopposed. <li> 1950 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, elected unopposed. <li> 1952 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brown6.html#075.69.91">LeRoy A. Brown</a>, defeated. <li> 1954 Aug 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/colen-collingwood.html#445.14.79">Earl W. Coller</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brown6.html#075.69.91">LeRoy A. Brown</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1954 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, elected unopposed. <li> 1957 Feb 18: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/tripp.html#769.37.83">Frederick E. Tripp</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hayakawa-haydon.html#857.65.39">Charles G. Hayden</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/winter.html#865.04.70">Kenneth D. Winter</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1957 Apr 1: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/tripp.html#769.37.83">Frederick E. Tripp</a>, defeated. <li> 1961 Feb 20: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bowerman-bowes.html#925.03.07">Willard I. Bowerman, Jr.</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murfee-murphree.html#734.85.77">Max E. Murninghan</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bradney-bradstreet.html#547.87.11">Horace J. Bradshaw</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/amick-andersen.html#647.53.27">John T. Anas</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brooks.html#137.00.91">Robert S. Brooks</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dean.html#621.49.36">Glen E. Dean</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1961 Apr 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bowerman-bowes.html#925.03.07">Willard I. Bowerman, Jr.</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/craytoff-crego.html#946.46.85">Ralph W. Crego</a>, defeated. <li> 1965 Feb 15: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murfee-murphree.html#734.85.77">Max E. Murninghan</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bowerman-bowes.html#925.03.07">Willard I. Bowerman, Jr.</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/baldwin.html#057.33.19">Maurice E. Baldwin</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1965 Apr 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murfee-murphree.html#734.85.77">Max E. Murninghan</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bowerman-bowes.html#925.03.07">Willard I. Bowerman, Jr.</a>, defeated. <li> 1969 Feb 17: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graves.html#588.02.37">Gerald W. Graves</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murfee-murphree.html#734.85.77">Max E. Murninghan</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/starr.html#439.44.48">H. James Starr</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1969 Apr 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graves.html#588.02.37">Gerald W. Graves</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murfee-murphree.html#734.85.77">Max E. Murninghan</a>, defeated. <li> 1973 Aug 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graves.html#588.02.37">Gerald W. Graves</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ferguson.html#862.20.06">Joel I. Ferguson</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/amick-andersen.html#647.53.27">John T. Anas</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/merrill.html#826.05.83">Jack W. Merrill</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1973 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graves.html#588.02.37">Gerald W. Graves</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ferguson.html#862.20.06">Joel I. Ferguson</a>, defeated. <li> 1977 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/graves.html#588.02.37">Gerald W. Graves</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcinvale-mckane.html#807.16.96">Terry J. McKane</a>, defeated. <li> 1981 Aug 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcinvale-mckane.html#807.16.96">Terry J. McKane</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/loges-lonergan.html#277.59.22">George Stanley Lokken</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trump-tuck.html#187.35.63">Alan E. Tubbs</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ashlock-athelston.html#968.77.06">John Assiff</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sharp.html#848.73.79">Orrin E. Sharp</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1981 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcinvale-mckane.html#807.16.96">Terry J. McKane</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/loges-lonergan.html#277.59.22">George Stanley Lokken</a>, defeated. <li> 1985 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcinvale-mckane.html#807.16.96">Terry J. McKane</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/acampora-adamowski.html#485.82.26">Louis F. Adado</a>, defeated. <li> 1989 Aug 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcinvale-mckane.html#807.16.96">Terry J. McKane</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/acampora-adamowski.html#485.82.26">Louis F. Adado</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/darnell-daughenbaugh.html#522.12.71">Doc C. Dart</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1989 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcinvale-mckane.html#807.16.96">Terry J. McKane</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/acampora-adamowski.html#485.82.26">Louis F. Adado</a>, defeated. <li> 1992 Dec 29: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcinvale-mckane.html#807.16.96">Terry J. McKane</a>, resigned; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/crawford.html#088.75.71">Jim Crawford</a>, succeeded to office. <li> 1993 Aug 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holliman-hollon.html#593.20.22">David C. Hollister</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/crawford.html#088.75.71">Jim Crawford</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ford.html#556.65.74">Charles Ford</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/vaughn.html#363.21.96">Ken Vaughn</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/palmer-parillo.html#581.71.79">Michael Jon Panetta</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/southall-spain.html#467.34.03">Peter Spagnuolo</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/prince.html#926.72.71">Mary Ann Prince</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hubbeel-hudnut.html#980.74.05">Gerald A. Huckaba</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/nexsen-nicholoff.html#559.89.50">Kris Nicholoff</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1993 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holliman-hollon.html#593.20.22">David C. Hollister</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/crawford.html#088.75.71">Jim Crawford</a>, defeated. <li> 1997 Aug 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holliman-hollon.html#593.20.22">David C. Hollister</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/beadle-beales.html#534.26.28">Ellen Beal</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/johnson7.html#944.59.78">Robert Johnson</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hubbeel-hudnut.html#980.74.05">Gerald A. Huckaba</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/terry.html#305.45.19">Russell Terry</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 1997 Nov 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holliman-hollon.html#593.20.22">David C. Hollister</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/beadle-beales.html#534.26.28">Ellen Beal</a>, defeated. <li> 2001 Nov 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holliman-hollon.html#593.20.22">David C. Hollister</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/buckley.html#573.00.80">Eugene Buckley</a>, defeated. <li> 2003 Jan 28: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/holliman-hollon.html#593.20.22">David C. Hollister</a>, resigned. <li> 2005 Aug 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berl-berrien.html#933.48.81">Virg Bernero</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bellacosa-bendl.html#890.06.91">Tony Benavides</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/martinez.html#075.97.15">Lynne Martinez</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/abbra-abzug.html#206.79.89">Dale M. Abronowitz</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 2005 Nov 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berl-berrien.html#933.48.81">Virg Bernero</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bellacosa-bendl.html#890.06.91">Tony Benavides</a>, defeated. <li> 2009 Aug 4: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berl-berrien.html#933.48.81">Virg Bernero</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wood2.html#579.58.65">Carol Wood</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ford.html#556.65.74">Charles Ford</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/haskill-hastie.html#309.56.74">Benjamin Hassenger</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 2009 Nov 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berl-berrien.html#933.48.81">Virg Bernero</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wood2.html#579.58.65">Carol Wood</a>, defeated. <li> 2013 Aug 6: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berl-berrien.html#933.48.81">Virg Bernero</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/leech-lehlbach.html#330.09.45">Harold J. Leeman, Jr.</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gutierrez-gyger.html#417.48.29">Gene Gutierrez-Rodriguez</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kraschel-kreutzer.html#347.81.95">Donald A. Krepps</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/boghos-boker.html#715.40.59">John Boise</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 2013 Nov 5: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/berl-berrien.html#933.48.81">Virg Bernero</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/leech-lehlbach.html#330.09.45">Harold J. Leeman, Jr.</a>, defeated. <li> 2017 Aug 8: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/schneiderman-schrock.html#901.88.98">Andy Schor</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/clarke.html#746.07.84">Judi Brown Clarke</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/trelease-trimarchi.html#921.69.65">Danny Trevino</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gilhams-gillen.html#491.62.77">Michael Joseph Gillenkirk</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/leech-lehlbach.html#330.09.45">Harold J. Leeman, Jr.</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 2017 Nov 7: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/schneiderman-schrock.html#901.88.98">Andy Schor</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/clarke.html#746.07.84">Judi Brown Clarke</a>, defeated. <li> 2021 Aug 3: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/schneiderman-schrock.html#901.88.98">Andy Schor</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dukes-dunblazier.html#347.75.65">Kathie Dunbar</a>, nominated; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/speranza-sprafka.html#304.77.92">Patricia Spitzley</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sheehe-shelden.html#349.79.87">Farhan Sheikh-Omar</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hubbeel-hudnut.html#757.73.38">Melissa Huber</a>, defeated in primary; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hutchinson.html#385.49.73">Larry James Hutchinson, Jr.</a>, defeated in primary. <li> 2021 Nov 2: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/schneiderman-schrock.html#901.88.98">Andy Schor</a>, elected; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dukes-dunblazier.html#347.75.65">Kathie Dunbar</a>, defeated. <p><a name=2><hr></a></p> <p> <b>Postmasters at Lansing, 1848-1977</b> <i>(may be incomplete!)</i><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/peck.html#136.48.33">George W. Peck</a> 1848-49 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jones9.html#324.83.38">Whitney Jones</a> 1849-53 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murphy9.html#635.33.70">Van S. Murphy</a> 1853-59 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/griswold.html#698.41.45">Joseph M. Griswold</a> 1859-61 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/burr.html#299.18.16">Allen R. Burr</a> 1861-62 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/longan-looker.html#208.30.63">Ephraim Longyear</a> 1862-67 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jones9.html#324.83.38">Whitney Jones</a> 1867-71 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bingham.html#402.33.02">Stephen D. Bingham</a> 1871-85 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sanford.html#519.38.29">George P. Sanford</a> 1885-86 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pugh.html#093.70.20">H. D. Pugh</a> 1886-89 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/foster.html#795.92.82">Seymour Foster</a> 1889-93 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rowlands-roxburgh.html#805.39.93">Louis E. Rowley</a> 1893-97 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/foster.html#795.92.82">Seymour Foster</a> 1897-1914 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gravolet-gray.html#807.67.74">Peter F. Gray</a> 1914-22 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rogers9.html#270.77.66">Walter G. Rogers</a> 1922 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rogers9.html#270.77.66">Walter G. Rogers</a> 1922-35 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cady.html#797.17.91">Claude E. Cady</a> 1935 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cady.html#797.17.91">Claude E. Cady</a> 1935-43 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harris2.html#536.71.60">D. D. Harris</a> 1943-44 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harris2.html#536.71.60">D. D. Harris</a> 1944-53 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/winterberg-wisdom.html#579.16.44">Fred W. Wirebaugh</a> 1953 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/austin.html#734.55.21">Lyle B. Austin</a> 1953-54 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/austin.html#734.55.21">Lyle B. Austin</a> 1954-61 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/atlee-atwell.html#798.79.66">Joseph F. Attwood</a> 1961 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hill1.html#741.62.12">Berniece Corrine Hill</a> 1961-64 <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hill1.html#741.62.12">Berniece Corrine Hill</a> 1964-77 </td> <td width=180 align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr></table> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%> <tr><td align="center"><span style="font-size:20pt;"> <span style="font-family:garamond,serif"> <i>"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."</i></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:8pt;">Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872</span></td> <td><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgsub.gif" width=450 height=71 align="right" border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard"></a></td></tr></table> <br clear="all"> <table width=100% cellpadding=2> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">The Political Graveyard</a></b> is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:8pt;"> </span></td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The listings are <b>incomplete</b>; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is <b>not</b> guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The official URL for this page is: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/lansing.html ">https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/lansing.html </a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">alphabetical index of politicians</a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Copyright notices:</b> (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/copyright/cases/499_US_340.htm">Feist v. Rural Telephone</a>. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute <b>fair use</b> under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Site information:</b> The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by <b>Lawrence Kestenbaum</b>, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is <b>The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106.</b> — This site is hosted by <b><a href="https://www.hdl.com">HDL</a></b>. — The Political Graveyard opened on <b>July 1, 1996</b>; the last full revision was done on <b>March 8, 2023</b>. </span></td></tr> </table> <hr> <table align="center" cellpadding=5><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" border="0" src="https://creativecommons.org/images/public/somerights.gif" width=88 height=31></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/politicalgraveyard" target="_TOP" title="The Political Graveyard"><img src="https://badge.facebook.com/badge/40475596932.4982.1015512377.png" width="120" height="84" style="border: 0px;" /></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/polgraveyard"> <img src="https://twitter-badges.s3.amazonaws.com/follow_us-a.png" border=0 alt="Follow polgraveyard on Twitter"/></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=thepoliticalg-20&path=subst/home/home.html"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/a150X70b.gif" border=0 alt="[Amazon.com]" align="center"></a></td> </tr></table> </body> </html>