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Afjeh</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Abdollah Afjeh"> <meta name="keywords" content="Abdollah Afjeh"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Abdollah Afjeh"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 16</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Abdollah Afjeh</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> The Optimum Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) Contribution to Iranian Traditional Music Genre Classification by Instrumental Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abbasi%20Layegh">M. Abbasi Layegh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Haghipour"> S. Haghipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Athari"> K. Athari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Khosravi"> R. Khosravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tafkikialamdari"> M. Tafkikialamdari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An approach to find the optimum mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) for the Radif of Mirzâ Ábdollâh, which is the principal emblem and the heart of Persian music, performed by most famous Iranian masters on two Iranian stringed instruments ‘Tar’ and ‘Setar’ is proposed. While investigating the variance of MFCC for each record in themusic database of 1500 gushe of the repertoire belonging to 12 modal systems (dastgâh and âvâz), we have applied the Fuzzy C-Mean clustering algorithm on each of the 12 coefficient and different combinations of those coefficients. We have applied the same experiment while increasing the number of coefficients but the clustering accuracy remained the same. Therefore, we can conclude that the first 7 MFCCs (V-7MFCC) are enough for classification of The Radif of Mirzâ Ábdollâh. Classical machine learning algorithms such as MLP neural networks, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) have been employed. Finally, it can be realized that SVM shows a better performance in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radif%20of%20Mirz%C3%A2%20%C3%81bdoll%C3%A2h" title="radif of Mirzâ Ábdollâh">radif of Mirzâ Ábdollâh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gushe" title=" Gushe"> Gushe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mel%20frequency%20cepstral%20coefficients" title=" mel frequency cepstral coefficients"> mel frequency cepstral coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20c-mean%20clustering%20algorithm" title=" fuzzy c-mean clustering algorithm"> fuzzy c-mean clustering algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k-nearest%20neighbors%20%28KNN%29" title=" k-nearest neighbors (KNN)"> k-nearest neighbors (KNN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaussian%20mixture%20model%20%28GMM%29" title=" gaussian mixture model (GMM)"> gaussian mixture model (GMM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hidden%20markov%20model%20%28HMM%29" title=" hidden markov model (HMM)"> hidden markov model (HMM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine%20%28SVM%29" title=" support vector machine (SVM)"> support vector machine (SVM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37296/the-optimum-mel-frequency-cepstral-coefficients-mfccs-contribution-to-iranian-traditional-music-genre-classification-by-instrumental-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Experimental Study of Near Wake of Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Rezaei">Ramin Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Ng"> Terry Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Afjeh"> Abdollah Afjeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Near wake development of a wind turbine affects the aerodynamic loads on the tower and the wind turbine. Design considerations of both isolated wind turbines and wind farms must include unsteady wake flow conditions under which the turbines must operate. The consequent aerodynamic loads could lead to over design of wind turbines and adversely affect the cost of wind turbines and, in turn, the cost of energy produced by wind turbines. Reducing the weight of turbine rotors is particularly desirable since larger wind turbine rotors can be utilized without significantly increasing the cost of the supporting structure. Larger rotor diameters produce larger swept areas and consequently greater energy production from the wind thereby reducing the levelized cost of wind energy. To understand the development and structure of the near tower wake of a wind turbine, an experimental study was conducted to describe the flow field of the near wake for both upwind and downwind turbines. The study was conducted under controlled environment of a wind tunnel using a scaled model of a turbine. The NREL 5 MW reference wind turbine was used as a baseline design and was modified as necessary to design and build upwind and downwind scaled wind turbine models. This paper presents the results of the wind tunnel study using turbine models to quantify the near wake of upwind and downwind wind turbine configurations for various lengths of tower-to-turbine spacing. The variations of mean velocity and turbulence are measured using a computer-controlled, traversing hot wire probe. Additionally, smoke flow visualizations were conducted to qualitatively study the wake. The results show a more rapid dissipation of the near wake for an upwind configuration. The results can readily be incorporated into low fidelity system level turbine simulation tools to more accurately account for the wake on the aerodynamic loads of a upwind and downwind turbines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20wire%20anemometry" title="hot wire anemometry">hot wire anemometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near%20wake" title=" near wake"> near wake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upwind%20and%20downwind%20turbine.%20Hot%20wire%20anemometry" title=" upwind and downwind turbine. Hot wire anemometry"> upwind and downwind turbine. Hot wire anemometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near%20wake" title=" near wake"> near wake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upwind%20and%20downwind%20turbine" title=" upwind and downwind turbine"> upwind and downwind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26271/experimental-study-of-near-wake-of-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">667</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Effective Scheduling of Hybrid Reconfigurable Microgrids Considering High Penetration of Renewable Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Kavousi%20Fard">Abdollah Kavousi Fard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the optimal scheduling of hybrid reconfigurable microgrids considering hybrid electric vehicle charging demands. A stochastic framework based on unscented transform to model the high uncertainties of renewable energy sources including wind turbine and photovoltaic panels, as well as the hybrid electric vehicles’ charging demand. In order to get to the optimal scheduling, the network reconfiguration is employed as an effective tool for changing the power supply path and avoiding possible congestions. The simulation results are analyzed and discussed in three different scenarios including coordinated, uncoordinated and smart charging demand of hybrid electric vehicles. A typical grid-connected microgrid is employed to show the satisfying performance of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgrid" title="microgrid">microgrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20sources" title=" renewable energy sources"> renewable energy sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfiguration" title=" reconfiguration"> reconfiguration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76987/effective-scheduling-of-hybrid-reconfigurable-microgrids-considering-high-penetration-of-renewable-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Ways to Define the Most Sustainable Actions for Water Shortage Prevention in Mega Cities, Especially in Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keivan%20Karimlou">Keivan Karimlou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemat%20Hassani"> Nemat Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Rashidi%20Mehrabadi"> Abdollah Rashidi Mehrabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change, industrial bloom, population growth and mismanagement are the most important factors that lead to water shortages around the world. Water shortages often lead to forced immigration, war, and thirst and hunger, especially in developing countries. One of the simplest solutions to solve the water shortage issues around the world is transferring water from one watershed to another; however it may not be a suitable solution. Water managers around the world use supply and demand management methods to decrease the incidence of water shortage in a sustainable manner. But as a matter of economic constraints, they must define a method to select the best possible action to reduce and limit water shortages. The following paper recognizes different kinds of criteria to select the best possible policy for reducing water shortage in mega cities <span dir="RTL">by </span>examining a comprehensive literature review<span dir="RTL">.</span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title="criteria">criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shortage" title=" shortage"> shortage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66727/ways-to-define-the-most-sustainable-actions-for-water-shortage-prevention-in-mega-cities-especially-in-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> A Comparative Study of Secondary Education Curriculum of Iran with Some Developed Countries in the World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Abdollah%20Hojjati">Seyyed Abdollah Hojjati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Review in the areas of secondary education; it is a kind of comparative requires very careful scrutiny in educational structure of different countries,In upcoming review of the basic structure of our educational system in Islamic republic of Iran with somedeveloped countries in the world, Analyzing of strengthsand weaknesses in main areas, A simple review of the above methods do not consider this particular community, Modifythe desired result can be expressed in the secondary school curriculum and academic guidance of under graduate students in a skill-driven and creativity growth, It not just improves the health and dynamism of this period and increases the secondary teachers' authority and the relationship between teacher and student in this course will be meaningful and attractive, But with reduced of false prosperity and guaranteed institutes and quizzes, areas will be provided for students to enjoy the feeling ofthe psychological comfort and to have the highest growth of creativity . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative" title="comparative">comparative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20of%20secondary%20education" title=" curriculum of secondary education"> curriculum of secondary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title=" curriculum"> curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developed%20countries" title=" developed countries"> developed countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14988/a-comparative-study-of-secondary-education-curriculum-of-iran-with-some-developed-countries-in-the-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Load Maximization of Two-Link Flexible Manipulator Using Suppression Vibration with Piezoelectric Transducer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Heidari">Hamidreza Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Malmir%20Nasab"> Abdollah Malmir Nasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the energy equations of a two-link flexible manipulator were extracted using the Euler-Bernoulli beam hypotheses. Applying Assumed mode and considering some finite degrees of freedom, we could obtain dynamic motions of each manipulator using Euler-Lagrange equations. Using its claws, the robots can carry a certain load with the ached control of vibrations for robot flexible links during the travelling path using the piezoceramics transducer; dynamic load carrying capacity increase. The traveling path of flexible robot claw has been taken from that of equivalent rigid manipulator and coupled; therefore to avoid the role of Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions and linear strains, material and physical characteristics selection of robot cause deflection of link ends not exceed 5% of link length. To do so, the maximum load carrying capacity of robot is calculated at the horizontal plan. The increasing of robot load carrying capacity with vibration control is 53%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20link" title="flexible link">flexible link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLCC" title=" DLCC"> DLCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20control%20vibration" title=" active control vibration"> active control vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assumed%20mode%20method" title=" assumed mode method"> assumed mode method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54871/load-maximization-of-two-link-flexible-manipulator-using-suppression-vibration-with-piezoelectric-transducer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Comprehensive Experimental Study to Determine Energy Dissipation of Nappe Flows on Stepped Chutes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Ghasempour">Abdollah Ghasempour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Kavianpour"> Mohammad Reza Kavianpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Galoie"> Majid Galoie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study has investigated the fundamental parameters which have effective role on energy dissipation of nappe flows on stepped chutes in order to estimate an empirical relationship using dimensional analysis. To gain this goal, comprehensive experimental study on some large-scale physical models with various step geometries, slopes, discharges, etc. were carried out. For all models, hydraulic parameters such as velocity, pressure, water depth, flow regime and etc. were measured precisely. The effective parameters, then, could be determined by analysis of experimental data. Finally, a dimensional analysis was done in order to estimate an empirical relationship for evaluation of energy dissipation of nappe flows on stepped chutes. Because of using the large-scale physical models in this study, the empirical relationship is in very good agreement with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nappe%20flow" title="nappe flow">nappe flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20dissipation" title=" energy dissipation"> energy dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stepped%20chute" title=" stepped chute"> stepped chute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensional%20analysis" title=" dimensional analysis "> dimensional analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20115/comprehensive-experimental-study-to-determine-energy-dissipation-of-nappe-flows-on-stepped-chutes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Evaluation of Forage Yield and Competition Indices for Intercropped Barley and Legumes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Javanmard">Abdollah Javanmard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariborz%20Shekari"> Fariborz Shekari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), vetch (Vicia villosa), and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) monocultures as well as mixtures of barley with each of the above legumes, in three seeding ratios (i.e., barley: legume 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 based on seed numbers) were used to investigate forage yield and competition indices. The results showed that intercropping reduced the dry matter yield of the three component plants, compared with their respective monocrops. The greatest value of total dry matter yield was obtained from barley25-grasspea75 (5.44 t ha-1) mixture, followed by grass pea sole crop (4.99 t ha-1). The total AYL values were positive and greater than 0 in all mixtures, indicating an advantage from intercropping over sole crops. Intercropped barley had a higher relative crowding coefficient (K=1.64) than intercropped legumes (K=1.20), indicating that barley was more competitive than legumes in mixtures. Furthermore, grass pea was more competitive than vetch in mixtures with barley. The highest LER, SPI and MAI were obtained when barley was mixed at a rate of 25% with 75% seed rate of grass pea. It is concluded that intercropping of barley with grass pea has a good potential to improve the performance of forage with high land-use efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forage" title="forage">forage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grass%20pea" title=" grass pea"> grass pea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercropping" title=" intercropping"> intercropping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LER" title=" LER"> LER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monetary%20advantage" title=" monetary advantage"> monetary advantage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3557/evaluation-of-forage-yield-and-competition-indices-for-intercropped-barley-and-legumes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Meta-Instruction Theory in Mathematics Education and Critique of Bloom’s Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Aliesmaeili">Abdollah Aliesmaeili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to present a different perspective on the basic math teaching method called meta-instruction, which reverses the learning path. Meta-instruction is a method of teaching in which the teaching trajectory starts from brain education into learning. This research focuses on the behavior of the mind during learning. In this method, students are not instructed in mathematics, but they are educated. Another goal of the research is to "criticize Bloom's classification in the cognitive domain and reverse it", because it cannot meet the educational and instructional needs of the new generation and "substituting math education instead of math teaching". This is an indirect method of teaching. The method of research is longitudinal through four years. Statistical samples included students ages 6 to 11. The research focuses on improving the mental abilities of children to explore mathematical rules and operations by playing only with eight measurements (any years 2 examinations). The results showed that there is a significant difference between groups in remembering, understanding, and applying. Moreover, educating math is more effective than instructing in overall learning abilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applying" title="applying">applying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bloom%27s%20taxonomy" title=" Bloom's taxonomy"> Bloom's taxonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20education" title=" brain education"> brain education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20teaching%20method" title=" mathematics teaching method"> mathematics teaching method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-instruction" title=" meta-instruction"> meta-instruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remembering" title=" remembering"> remembering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starmath%20method" title=" starmath method"> starmath method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=understanding" title=" understanding"> understanding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191148/meta-instruction-theory-in-mathematics-education-and-critique-of-blooms-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Genomic Diversity of Clostridium perfringens Strains in Food and Human Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Afshari">Asma Afshari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Jamshidi"> Abdollah Jamshidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Razmyar"> Jamshid Razmyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnaz%20Rad"> Mehrnaz Rad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clostridium perfringens is a serious pathogen which causes enteric diseases in domestic animals and food poisoning in humans. Spores can survive cooking processes and play an important role in the possible onset of disease. In this study RAPD-PCR and REP-PCR were used to examine the genetic diversity of 49isolates ofC. Perfringens type A from 3 different sources. The results of RAPD-PCR revealed the most genetic diversity among poultry isolates, while human isolates showed the least genetic diversity. Cluster analysis obtained from RAPD_PCR and based on the genetic distances split the 49 strains into five distinct major clusters (A, B, C, D, and E). Cluster A and C were composed of isolates from poultry meat, cluster B was composed of isolates from human feces, cluster D was composed of isolates from minced meat, poultry meat and human feces and cluster E was composed of isolates from minced meat. Further characterization of these strains by using (GTG) 5 fingerprint repetitive sequence-based PCR analysis did not show further differentiation between various types of strains. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the genetic diversity of C. perfringens isolates from different types of meats and human feces has been investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20perfringens" title="C. perfringens">C. perfringens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20diversity" title=" genetic diversity"> genetic diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RAPD-PCR" title=" RAPD-PCR"> RAPD-PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=REP-PCR" title=" REP-PCR"> REP-PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35846/genomic-diversity-of-clostridium-perfringens-strains-in-food-and-human-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Isolation of Different Brachyspira spp. from Laying Hens in North-East of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahdieh%20Alijani">Ahdieh Alijani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Zarrabi"> Mina Zarrabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Jamshidi"> Abdollah Jamshidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Razmyar"> Jamshid Razmyar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS) is caused by spiral-shaped Gram-negative Brachyspira spp. in poultry and is known as a cause of diarrhea, low egg production and increased the occurrence of dirty eggs in layer hens. In this study the presence of some Brachyspira spp. was investigated in laying hens. A total of 100 cloacal swab samples were individually collected from 20 laying hen flocks showing fecal egg staining in northeastern Iran. By culture and morphologic examination, 41 samples (41%) from 20 flocks were positive but by using genus–specific PCR only 37 (37%) samples were confirmed as Brachyspira spp. Using species-specific primers, single colonization was identified in 18 samples associated with B. pilosicoli (48.6%) while single colonization with B. intermedia was found in only two samples (5.4%). Simultaneous colonization by B. intermedia and B. murdochii was detected in 3 samples (8.1%). B. pilosicoli was the most prevalent species in concurrent colonization in 11 cases (29.7%). Finally, co-colonization by B. intermedia and B. innocens was identified in 3 samples (8.1%). The results of this study show the colonization of different species of Brachyspira with the dominance of B. pilosicoli in layer hens. In simultaneous colonization with pathogenic and non-pathogenic species the symptoms of intestinal spirochetosis were reduced, suggesting a competitive role in preventing and reducing the colonization of pathogenic species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intestinal%20spirochetosis" title="intestinal spirochetosis">intestinal spirochetosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brachyspira" title=" Brachyspira"> Brachyspira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laying%20hen" title=" laying hen"> laying hen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title=" PCR"> PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35878/isolation-of-different-brachyspira-spp-from-laying-hens-in-north-east-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">542</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Proteomics Application in Disease Diagnosis and Reproduction İmprovement in Cow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Sobhani">Abdollah Sobhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Vaseghi-Dodaran"> Hossein Vaseghi-Dodaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proteomics is defined as the study of the component of a cell, tissue and biological fluid. This technique has the potential to identify protein biomarkers of a disease states. In this study which was performed on bovine ovarian follicular cysts (BOFC), eight proteins are over expressed in BOFC that these proteins could be useful biomarkers for BOFC. The difference between serum proteome pattern cows affected by postpartum endometritis with healthy cows revealed that concentrations orosomucoid was decreased in endometritis. The comparison proteome of brucella abortus between laboratory adapted strains and clinical isolates could be useful to better understand this disease and vaccine development. Proteomics experiments identified new proteins and pathways that may be important in future hypothesis-driven studies of glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of effective parameters on male fertility is essential for obtaining high reproductive efficiency by decreasing cost and time. The investigations on proteome of high fertility spermatozoa indicated that expression of some proteins such as casein kinase 2 (CKII) prime poly peptide and tyrosine kinase in high fertility spermatozoa was higher compared to low fertility spermatozoa. Also, some evidence has indicated that variation in protein types and amounts in seminal fluid regulates fertility indexes in dairy bull. In conclusion, proteomics is a useful technique for discovering drugs, vaccine development, and diagnosis disease by biomarkers and improvement of reproduction efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title="proteomics">proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproduction" title=" reproduction"> reproduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunity" title=" immunity"> immunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10854/proteomics-application-in-disease-diagnosis-and-reproduction-improvement-in-cow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Phenotypic Characterization of Listeria Spp Isolated from Chicken Carcasses Marketed in Northeast of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Jamshidi">Abdollah Jamshidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayebeh%20Zeinali"> Tayebeh Zeinali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnaz%20Rad"> Mehrnaz Rad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Razmyar"> Jamshid Razmyar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Listeria infections occur worldwide in variety of animals and man. Listeriae are widely distributed in nature. The organism has been isolated from the feces of humans and several animals, different soils, plants, aquatic environments and food of animal and vegetable origin. Listeria monocytogenes is recognized as important food-borne pathogens due to its high mortality rate. This organism is able to growth at refrigeration temperature, and high osmotic pressure. Poultry can become contaminated environmentally or through healthy carrier birds. In recent decades, prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents may be lead to emergence of antibiotic resistant organisms, which can be transmitted to human through consumption of contaminated foods. In this study, from 200 fresh chicken carcasses samples which were collected randomly from different supermarkets and butcheries, 80 samples were detected as contaminate with Listeria spp. and 19% of the isolates identified as Listeria monocytogene using multiplex PCR assay. Conventional methods were used to differentiate other species of the listeria genus. The results showed the most prevalent isolates as L. monocytogenes (48.75%). Other isolates were detected as Listeria innocua (28.75%), Listeria murrayi (20%), Listeria grayi (3.75%) and Listeria welshimeri (2.5%).The Majority of the isolates had multidrug resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Most of them were resistant to erythromycin (50%), followed by Tetracycline (44.44%), Clindamycin (41.66%), and Trimethoprim (25%). Some of them showed resistance to chloramphenicol (17.65%). The results indicate the resistance of the isolates to antimicrobials commonly used to treat human listeriosis, which could be a potential health hazard for consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=listeria%20species" title="listeria species">listeria species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20monocytogenes" title=" L. monocytogenes"> L. monocytogenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20resistance" title=" antibiotic resistance"> antibiotic resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken%20carcass" title=" chicken carcass"> chicken carcass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35844/phenotypic-characterization-of-listeria-spp-isolated-from-chicken-carcasses-marketed-in-northeast-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Powerful Media: Reflection of Professional Audience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamide%20Farshad">Hamide Farshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadreza%20Javidi%20Abdollah%20Zadeh%20Aval"> Mohammadreza Javidi Abdollah Zadeh Aval</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of the growing penetration of the media into human life, a new role under the title of "audience" is defined in the social life .A kind of role which is dramatically changed since its formation. This article aims to define the audience position in the new media equations which is concluded to the transformation of the media role. By using the Library and Attributive method to study the history, the evolutionary outlook to the audience and the recognition of the audience and the media relation in the new media context is studied. It was perceived in past that public communication would result in receiving the audience. But after the emergence of the interactional media and transformation in the audience social life, a new kind of public communication is formed, and also the imaginary picture of the audience is replaced by the audience impact on the communication process. Part of this impact can be seen in the form of feedback which is one of the public communication elements. In public communication, the audience feedback is completely accepted. But in many cases, and along with the audience feedback, the media changes its direction; this direction shift is known as media feedback. At this state, the media and the audience are both doers and consistently change their positions in an interaction. With the greater number of the audience and the media, this process has taken a new role, and the role of this doer is sometimes taken by an audience while influencing another audience, or a media while influencing another media. In this article, this multiple public communication process is shown through representing a model under the title of ”The bilateral influence of the audience and the media.” Based on this model, the audience and the media power are not the two sides of a coin, and as a result, by accepting these two as the doers, the bilateral power of the audience and the media will be complementary to each other. Also more, the compatibility between the media and the audience is analyzed in the bilateral and interactional relation hypothesis, and by analyzing the action law hypothesis, the dos and don’ts of this role are defined, and media is obliged to know and accept them in order to be able to survive. They also have a determining role in the strategic studies of a media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audience" title="audience">audience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title=" effect"> effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action%20laws" title=" action laws"> action laws</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8985/powerful-media-reflection-of-professional-audience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The First Fungal Identification from Mini-BAL of Critical COVID-19 Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Fallah">Fatemeh Fallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ensieh%20Lotfali"> Ensieh Lotfali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Azimi"> Leila Azimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannan%20Khodaei"> Hannan Khodaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Rajabnejad"> Maryam Rajabnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafiseh%20Abdollahi"> Nafiseh Abdollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Tayebi"> Hossein Tayebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saham%20Ansari"> Saham Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeedeh%20Yaghoubi"> Saeedeh Yaghoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Karimi"> Abdollah Karimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide issue due to its high prevalence and rapid transmission. Fungal infections have been detected in COVID-19 patients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor spp. on mini-bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained from children with COVID-19 hospitalized in an Iranian children’s hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on mini-bronchoalveolar lavage samples from children confirmed positive for COVID-19 admitted to ICU with a ventilator from April 2021 to February 2022. Demographic characteristics were recorded, and fungal DNA was extracted from mini-BAL samples taken from children. Nested PCR was made with two primers for Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor spp. Results: Out of 100 children with COVID-19, all samples were negative for Aspergillus fumigatus; however, 12 cases were positive for BAL PCR for Mucor spp. Among the 12 patients, fever, shortness of breath, cough, and decreased level of consciousness were reported in 8.3% (n: 1), 16.6% (n: 2), 25% (n: 3), and 25% (n: 3), respectively. Most cases (41.7%; n: 5) suffered from heart disease, followed by underlying malignancy (33.4%; n: 4). All positive BAL PCR for Mucor spp. cases had significantly higher chest CT scan scores and spent more time under a ventilator. Conclusions: The identification of COVID-19 with Mucor spp. was observed among 12% (n: 12) of children hospitalized in a COVID-19 ICU. When dealing with pediatric COVID-19 patients, clinicians should consider the differential diagnosis of fungal co-infections and have a low threshold to begin treatment. Moreover, it is highly advisable to take prophylactic measures, such as properly using corticosteroids and shortening the intubation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspergillosis" title="aspergillosis">aspergillosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20identification" title=" COVID-19 identification"> COVID-19 identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucormycosis" title=" mucormycosis"> mucormycosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatrics" title=" paediatrics"> paediatrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184705/the-first-fungal-identification-from-mini-bal-of-critical-covid-19-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Effects of Drought Stress on Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars during Post-Flowering Growth Stage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariborz%20Shekari">Fariborz Shekari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdollah%20Javanmard"> Abdollah Javanmard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Abbasi"> Amin Abbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A pot experiment conducted to evaluate the response of two red bean cultivars, Sayad and Derakhshan, to water deficit stress during post-flowering growth stage and recovery potential of plants after stress. Treatments were included regular irrigation or control, water deficit during flowering stage, water deficit during pod formation and water deficit during pod filling period. Results showed that plant height had positive effects on yield of cultivars so that, the tall cultivar, ‘Sayad’, had higher yields. Stress application during flowering stage showed the highest negative impact on plant height and subsequently yield. The longest and the higher number of pods as well as the greatest number of seeds in pods were recorded in control treatment in ‘Sayad’. Stress application during pod formation resulted in the minimum amount of all studied traits in both cultivars. Stress encountered during seed filling period had the least effect on number and length of pods and seed/pod. However, 100 seeds weight significantly decreased. The highest amount for 100 seeds weight was record in control plants in ‘Derakhshan’. Under all treatments, ‘Sayad’ had higher biologic and seed yield compared to ‘Derakhshan’. The least amount of yield was recorded during stress application in pod formation and flowering period for ‘Sayad’ and ‘Derakhshan’ respectively. Harvest index of ‘Sayad’ was more affect by stress application. Data related to photosynthetic rate showed that during stress application, ‘Derakhshan’ owned rapid decline in photosynthesis. Beyond stress alleviation and onset of irrigation, recovery potential of ‘Sayad’ was higher than ‘Derakhshan’ and this cultivar was able to rapidly restore the photosynthesis rate of stress faced plants near control ones. In total, stress had lower impacts on photosynthetic rate of ‘Sayad’ cultivar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20bean" title="common bean">common bean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20stress" title=" water stress"> water stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20components" title=" yield components"> yield components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthetic%20rate" title=" photosynthetic rate"> photosynthetic rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3558/effects-of-drought-stress-on-red-bean-phaseolus-vulgaris-l-cultivars-during-post-flowering-growth-stage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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