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navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Diarrhea</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Diarrhea" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Diarrhea" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Diarrhea (disambiguation)">Diarrhea (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Diarrhea (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>), also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa (<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">bowel movements</a> in a day.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> It often lasts for a few days and can result in <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a> due to fluid loss.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> This can progress to decreased <a href="/wiki/Urination" title="Urination">urination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pallor" title="Pallor">loss of skin color</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia">fast heart rate</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Altered_level_of_consciousness" title="Altered level of consciousness">decrease in responsiveness</a> as it becomes more severe.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> Loose but non-watery <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">stools</a> in babies who are exclusively <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfed</a>, however, are normal.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> <table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Diarrhea</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Diarrhoea (or diarrhœa)</td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg/220px-Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg/330px-Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg/440px-Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="2081"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">An electron micrograph of <a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">rotavirus</a>, the cause of nearly 40% of hospitalizations from diarrhea in children under five<a href="#cite_note-WHO2010a-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease_(medical_specialty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease (medical specialty)">Infectious disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">gastroenterology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Loose frequent bowel movements, <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Causes</th><td class="infobox-data">Usually infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic)<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Risk_factor" title="Risk factor">Risk factors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Contaminated food or water<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prevention</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Handwashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Handwashing">Handwashing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccination" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotavirus vaccination">rotavirus vaccination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">breastfeeding</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Treatment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral rehydration solution">Oral rehydration solution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc_supplementation" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc supplementation">zinc supplementation</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">≈2.4 billion (2015)<a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">1.53 million (2019)<a href="#cite_note-Dadonaite_2018-4">[4]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm/220px--En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="69" data-mwtitle="En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-width="1280" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm/En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEn.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Diarrhea.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></video><figcaption>What is diarrhea, how is it caused, treated and prevented (see also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VideoWiki/Diarrhea" title="Wikipedia:VideoWiki/Diarrhea">script</a>).</figcaption></figure>The most common cause is an infection of the <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestines</a> due to a <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterium">bacterium</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">parasite</a>—a condition also known as <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by <a href="/wiki/Human_feces" title="Human feces">feces</a>, or directly from another person who is infected.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> The three types of diarrhea are: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and persistent diarrhea (lasting more than two weeks, which can be either watery or bloody).<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, although this is rare in the developed world.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> If blood is present, it is also known as <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> A number of non-infectious causes can result in diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-CEM2013-5">[5]</a> These include <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">irritable bowel syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-celiac_gluten_sensitivity" title="Non-celiac gluten sensitivity">non-celiac gluten sensitivity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">celiac disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel disease</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">hyperthyroidism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile acid diarrhea">bile acid diarrhea</a>, and a number of medications.<a href="#cite_note-CEM2013-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-SaponeBai-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In most cases, <a href="/wiki/Stool_test" title="Stool test">stool cultures</a> to confirm the exact cause are not required.<a href="#cite_note-NEJM2014-8">[8]</a> Diarrhea can be prevented by improved <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a>, clean <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">hand washing</a> with soap.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</a> for at least six months and <a href="/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccine" title="Rotavirus vaccine">vaccination against rotavirus</a> is also recommended.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy" title="Oral rehydration therapy">Oral rehydration solution</a> (ORS)—clean water with modest amounts of salts and <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>—is the treatment of choice.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zinc#Dietary_supplement" title="Zinc">Zinc tablets</a> are also recommended.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2010a-1">[1]</a> When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food, and babies continue to be breastfed.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> If commercial ORS is not available, homemade solutions may be used.<a href="#cite_note-Prober2012-9">[9]</a> In those with severe dehydration, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenous fluids</a> may be required.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> Most cases, however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">Antibiotics</a>, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe <a href="/wiki/Travelers_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelers diarrhea">diarrhea following travelling</a>, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool.<a href="#cite_note-NEJM2014-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">Loperamide</a> may help decrease the number of bowel movements but is not recommended in those with severe disease.<a href="#cite_note-NEJM2014-8">[8]</a> About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CEM2013-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GBD2013-11">[11]</a> It is most common in <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a>, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.53 million in 2019—down from 2.9 million in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-Dadonaite_2018-4">[4]</a> In 2012, it was the second most common cause of <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">deaths in children</a> younger than five (0.76 million or 11%).<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2013-12">[12]</a> Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a> and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> Other long term problems that can result include <a href="/wiki/Stunted_growth" title="Stunted growth">stunted growth</a> and poor intellectual development.<a href="#cite_note-CDC2013-12">[12]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Terminology">1 Terminology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Definition">2 Definition</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Secretory">2.1 Secretory</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Osmotic">2.2 Osmotic</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Exudative">2.3 Exudative</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Inflammatory">2.4 Inflammatory</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Dysentery">2.5 Dysentery</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Health_effects">3 Health effects</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Causes">4 Causes</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Infections">4.1 Infections</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Sanitation">4.1.1 Sanitation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Nutrition">4.1.2 Nutrition</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Malabsorption">4.2 Malabsorption</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Inflammatory_bowel_disease">4.3 Inflammatory bowel disease</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Irritable_bowel_syndrome">4.4 Irritable bowel syndrome</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Other_diseases">4.5 Other diseases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Medications">4.6 Medications</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Pathophysiology">5 Pathophysiology</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Evolution">5.1 Evolution</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Diagnostic_approach">6 Diagnostic approach</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Epidemiology">7 Epidemiology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Prevention">8 Prevention</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Sanitation_2">8.1 Sanitation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Hand_washing">8.1.1 Hand washing</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Water">8.1.2 Water</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Vaccination">8.2 Vaccination</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Nutrition_2">8.3 Nutrition</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Breastfeeding">8.3.1 Breastfeeding</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Others">8.4 Others</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Management">9 Management</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Fluids">9.1 Fluids</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Eating">9.2 Eating</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Medications_2">9.3 Medications</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Alternative_therapies">9.4 Alternative therapies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#See_also">10 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#References">11 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The word diarrhea is from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:διάρροια">διάρροια</a> from διά dia "through" and ῥέω rheo "flow". Diarrhea is the spelling in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, whereas diarrhoea is the spelling in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>. Slang terms for the condition include "the runs", "the squirts" (or "squits" in Britain<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>) and "the trots".<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The word is often pronounced as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌdaɪəˈriːə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">DY-ə-REE-ə</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BristolStoolChart.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BristolStoolChart.png/220px-BristolStoolChart.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="420"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BristolStoolChart.png/220px-BristolStoolChart.png" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BristolStoolChart.png/330px-BristolStoolChart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/BristolStoolChart.png/440px-BristolStoolChart.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bristol_stool_scale" title="Bristol stool scale">Bristol stool scale</a></figcaption></figure> Diarrhea is defined by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> as having three or more loose or liquid <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">stools</a> per day, or as having more stools than is normal for that person.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2013-2">[2]</a> Acute diarrhea is defined as an abnormally frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid fecal matter from the bowel, lasting less than 14 days, by <a href="/wiki/World_Gastroenterology_Organisation" title="World Gastroenterology Organisation">World Gastroenterology Organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WGO-16">[16]</a> Acute diarrhea that is watery may be known as AWD (Acute Watery Diarrhoea.)<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretory">Secretory</h3></div> Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a <a href="/wiki/Cholera_toxin" title="Cholera toxin">cholera toxin</a> that stimulates the secretion of <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anions</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">chloride</a> ions (Cl–). Therefore, to maintain a charge balance in the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>, sodium (Na+) is carried with it, along with water. In this type of diarrhea intestinal fluid secretion is <a href="/wiki/Tonicity#3" title="Tonicity">isotonic</a> with plasma even during fasting.<a href="#cite_note-webmd.com-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-MoonZhang2015-19">[19]</a> It continues even when there is no oral food intake. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osmotic">Osmotic</h3></div> Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-MoonZhang2015-19">[19]</a> Osmotic diarrhea can also result from maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or <a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">coeliac disease</a>) in which the nutrients are left in the <a href="/wiki/Lumen_(anatomy)" title="Lumen (anatomy)">lumen</a> to pull in water. Or it can be caused by osmotic <a href="/wiki/Laxatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxatives">laxatives</a> (which work to alleviate <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a> by drawing water into the bowels). In healthy individuals, too much <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a> or undigested <a href="/wiki/Lactose" title="Lactose">lactose</a> can produce osmotic diarrhea and distention of the bowel. A person who has <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance</a> can have difficulty absorbing lactose after an extraordinarily high intake of dairy products. In persons who have <a href="/wiki/Fructose_malabsorption" title="Fructose malabsorption">fructose malabsorption</a>, excess fructose intake can also cause diarrhea. High-fructose foods that also have a high glucose content are more absorbable and less likely to cause diarrhea. <a href="/wiki/Sugar_alcohol" title="Sugar alcohol">Sugar alcohols</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sorbitol" title="Sorbitol">sorbitol</a> (often found in sugar-free foods) are difficult for the body to absorb and, in large amounts, may lead to osmotic diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-webmd.com-18">[18]</a> In most of these cases, osmotic diarrhea stops when the offending agent (e.g., milk or sorbitol) is stopped. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exudative">Exudative</h3></div> Exudative diarrhea occurs with the presence of blood and pus in the stool. This occurs with <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflammatory bowel diseases">inflammatory bowel diseases</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a>, and other severe infections such as <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">E. coli</a> or other forms of food poisoning.<a href="#cite_note-MoonZhang2015-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-webmd.com-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflammatory">Inflammatory</h3></div> Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea can be found in this type of diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> It can be caused by bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems such as inflammatory bowel diseases. It can also be caused by tuberculosis, colon cancer, and enteritis.<a href="#cite_note-MoonZhang2015-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dysentery">Dysentery</h3></div> If there is blood visible in the stools, it is also known as <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>. The blood is a trace of an invasion of bowel tissue. Dysentery is a symptom of, among others, <a href="/wiki/Shigella" title="Shigella">Shigella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entamoeba_histolytica" title="Entamoeba histolytica">Entamoeba histolytica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MoonZhang2015-19">[19]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Health_effects">Health effects</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Diarrheal disease may have a negative impact on both physical fitness and mental development. "Early childhood malnutrition resulting from any cause reduces physical fitness and work productivity in adults",<a href="#cite_note-d-22">[22]</a> and diarrhea is a primary cause of childhood malnutrition.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Further, evidence suggests that diarrheal disease has significant impacts on mental development and health; it has been shown that, even when controlling for <a href="/wiki/Helminth" class="mw-redirect" title="Helminth">helminth</a> infection and early breastfeeding, children who had experienced severe diarrhea had significantly lower scores on a series of tests of intelligence.<a href="#cite_note-d-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Diarrhea can cause <a href="/wiki/Electrolyte_imbalance" title="Electrolyte imbalance">electrolyte imbalances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renal_impairment" class="mw-redirect" title="Renal impairment">kidney impairment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a>, and defective <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> responses. When oral drugs are administered, the efficiency of the drug is to produce a <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_effect" title="Therapeutic effect">therapeutic effect</a> and the lack of this effect may be due to the medication travelling too quickly through the digestive system, limiting the time that it can be absorbed. Clinicians try to treat the diarrheas by reducing the dosage of medication, changing the dosing schedule, discontinuation of the drug, and rehydration. The interventions to control the diarrhea are not often effective. Diarrhea can have a profound effect on the quality of life because fecal incontinence is one of the leading factors for placing older adults in <a href="/wiki/Long_term_care_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Long term care facilities">long term care facilities</a> (nursing homes).<a href="#cite_note-MoonZhang2015-19">[19]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/220px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/220px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/330px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/440px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Diagram of the <a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">human gastrointestinal tract</a></figcaption></figure> In the latter stages of human digestion, ingested materials are inundated with water and digestive fluids such as <a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">gastric acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Digestive_enzyme" title="Digestive enzyme">digestive enzymes</a> in order to break them down into their nutrient components, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream via the <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium" title="Intestinal epithelium">intestinal tract</a> in the small intestine. Prior to defecation, the large intestine reabsorbs the water and other digestive solvents in the waste product in order to maintain proper hydration and overall equilibrium.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Diarrhea occurs when the large intestine is prevented, for any number of reasons, from sufficiently absorbing the water or other digestive fluids from fecal matter, resulting in a liquid, or "loose", bowel movement.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Acute_(medicine)" title="Acute (medicine)">Acute</a> diarrhea is most commonly due to viral <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">rotavirus</a>, which accounts for 40% of cases in children under five.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2010a-1">[1]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Traveler%27s_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Traveler's diarrhea">travelers</a>, however, <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial infections">bacterial infections</a> predominate.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16267716-27">[27]</a> Various toxins such as <a href="/wiki/Amanita_phalloides#Signs_and_symptoms" title="Amanita phalloides">mushroom poisoning</a> and drugs can also cause acute diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea can be the part of the presentations of a number of chronic medical conditions affecting the intestine. Common causes include <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microscopic_colitis" title="Microscopic colitis">microscopic colitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celiac_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Celiac disease">celiac disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">irritable bowel syndrome</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption" title="Bile acid malabsorption">bile acid malabsorption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infections">Infections</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Infectious_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diarrhea">Infectious diarrhea</a></div> There are many causes of infectious diarrhea, which include <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> and parasites.<a href="#cite_note-pmid18813221-29">[29]</a> Infectious diarrhea is frequently referred to as <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dav2008-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norovirus" title="Norovirus">Norovirus</a> is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in adults,<a href="#cite_note-pmid19084472-31">[31]</a> but <a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">rotavirus</a> is the most common cause in children under five years old.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19457420-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adenovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenovirus">Adenovirus</a> types 40 and 41,<a href="#cite_note-pmid1962727-33">[33]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astrovirus" title="Astrovirus">astroviruses</a> cause a significant number of infections.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12442031-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shiga-toxin_producing_Escherichia_coli" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli">Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/E_coli_o157:h7" class="mw-redirect" title="E coli o157:h7">E coli o157:h7</a>, are the most common cause of infectious bloody diarrhea in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Campylobacter" title="Campylobacter">Campylobacter</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">spp.</a> are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea, but infections by <a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">Salmonella</a> spp., <a href="/wiki/Shigella" title="Shigella">Shigella</a> spp. and some strains of Escherichia coli are also a frequent cause.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19116615-36">[36]</a> In the elderly, particularly those who have been treated with antibiotics for unrelated infections, a toxin produced by <a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_(bacteria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clostridioides difficile (bacteria)">Clostridioides difficile</a> often causes severe diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19528959-37">[37]</a> Parasites, particularly <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoa</a> e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cryptosporidium" title="Cryptosporidium">Cryptosporidium</a> spp., <a href="/wiki/Giardia" title="Giardia">Giardia</a> spp., <a href="/wiki/Entamoeba_histolytica" title="Entamoeba histolytica">Entamoeba histolytica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blastocystis" title="Blastocystis">Blastocystis</a> spp., <a href="/wiki/Cyclospora_cayetanensis" title="Cyclospora cayetanensis">Cyclospora cayetanensis</a>, are frequently the cause of diarrhea that involves chronic infection. The broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent <a href="/wiki/Nitazoxanide" title="Nitazoxanide">nitazoxanide</a> has shown efficacy against many diarrhea-causing parasites.<a href="#cite_note-pmid22301075-38">[38]</a> Other infectious agents, such as <a href="/wiki/Parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasites">parasites</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacterial</a> toxins, may exacerbate symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16267716-27">[27]</a> In sanitary living conditions where there is ample food and a supply of clean water, an otherwise healthy person usually recovers from viral infections in a few days. However, for ill or <a href="/wiki/Malnourished" class="mw-redirect" title="Malnourished">malnourished</a> individuals, diarrhea can lead to severe <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a> and can become life-threatening.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12608880-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sanitation">Sanitation</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg/220px-Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="950"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg/220px-Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg/330px-Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg/440px-Slum_and_dirty_river.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Poverty often leads to unhygienic living conditions, as in this community in the Indian Himalayas. Such conditions promote contraction of diarrheal diseases, as a result of poor <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">Open defecation</a> is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea leading to death.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Poverty is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea in a population. This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live. The absence of certain resources compromises the ability of the poor to defend themselves against infectious diarrhea. "Poverty is associated with poor housing, crowding, dirt floors, lack of access to clean water or to sanitary disposal of fecal waste (<a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a>), cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and a lack of refrigerated storage for food, all of which increase the frequency of diarrhea ... Poverty also restricts the ability to provide age-appropriate, nutritionally balanced diets or to modify diets when diarrhea develops so as to mitigate and repair nutrient losses. The impact is exacerbated by the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> One of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea is a lack of clean water. Often, improper fecal disposal leads to contamination of groundwater. This can lead to widespread infection among a population, especially in the absence of water filtration or purification. Human feces contains a variety of potentially harmful human <a href="/wiki/Pathogens" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathogens">pathogens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brown_629%E2%80%9334-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h4></div> Proper nutrition is important for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea. It is especially important to young children who do not have a fully developed immune system. <a href="/wiki/Zinc_deficiency" title="Zinc deficiency">Zinc deficiency</a>, a condition often found in children in <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a> can, even in mild cases, have a significant impact on the development and proper functioning of the human immune system.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Indeed, this relationship between zinc deficiency and reduced immune functioning corresponds with an increased severity of infectious diarrhea. Children who have lowered levels of zinc have a greater number of instances of diarrhea, severe diarrhea, and diarrhea associated with fever.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A_deficiency" title="Vitamin A deficiency">vitamin A deficiency</a> can cause an increase in the severity of diarrheal episodes. However, there is some discrepancy when it comes to the impact of vitamin A deficiency on the rate of disease. While some argue that a relationship does not exist between the rate of disease and vitamin A status,<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> others suggest an increase in the rate associated with deficiency.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Given that estimates suggest 127 million preschool children worldwide are vitamin A deficient, this population has the potential for increased risk of disease contraction.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malabsorption">Malabsorption</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malabsorption" title="Malabsorption">Malabsorption</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Malabsorption" title="Malabsorption">Malabsorption</a> is the inability to absorb food fully, mostly from disorders in the small bowel, but also due to maldigestion from diseases of the <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a>. Causes include:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>enzyme deficiencies or mucosal abnormality, as in <a href="/wiki/Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">food allergy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_intolerance" title="Food intolerance">food intolerance</a>, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Celiac_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Celiac disease">celiac disease</a> (gluten intolerance), <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance</a> (intolerance to milk sugar, common in non-Europeans), and <a href="/wiki/Fructose_malabsorption" title="Fructose malabsorption">fructose malabsorption</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernicious_anemia" title="Pernicious anemia">pernicious anemia</a>, or impaired bowel function due to the inability to absorb <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B12</a>,</li> <li>loss of pancreatic secretions, which may be due to <a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis" title="Cystic fibrosis">cystic fibrosis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pancreatitis" title="Pancreatitis">pancreatitis</a>,</li> <li>structural defects, like <a href="/wiki/Short_bowel_syndrome" title="Short bowel syndrome">short bowel syndrome</a> (surgically removed bowel) and radiation fibrosis, such as usually follows cancer treatment and other drugs, including agents used in <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>; and</li> <li>certain drugs, like <a href="/wiki/Orlistat" title="Orlistat">orlistat</a>, which inhibits the absorption of fat.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflammatory_bowel_disease">Inflammatory bowel disease</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">Inflammatory bowel disease</a></div> The two overlapping types here are of unknown origin: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">Ulcerative colitis</a> is marked by chronic bloody diarrhea and inflammation mostly affects the distal <a href="/wiki/Colon_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon (anatomy)">colon</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a> typically affects fairly well demarcated segments of bowel in the colon and often affects the end of the small bowel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irritable_bowel_syndrome">Irritable bowel syndrome</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">Irritable bowel syndrome</a></div> Another possible cause of diarrhea is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which usually presents with abdominal discomfort relieved by <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a> and unusual <a href="/wiki/Human_feces" title="Human feces">stool</a> (diarrhea or <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a>) for at least three days a week over the previous three months.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Symptoms of diarrhea-predominant IBS can be managed through a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements and medications such as <a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">loperamide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">codeine</a>. About 30% of patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS have <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption" title="Bile acid malabsorption">bile acid malabsorption</a> diagnosed with an abnormal <a href="/wiki/SeHCAT" title="SeHCAT">SeHCAT</a> test.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_diseases">Other diseases</h3></div> Diarrhea can be caused by other diseases and conditions, namely: <ul><li>Chronic <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> ingestion<a href="#cite_note-Harrison-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroidism</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid26576135-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Certain medications<a href="#cite_note-pmid26576135-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption" title="Bile acid malabsorption">Bile acid malabsorption</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid26576135-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ischemia" title="Ischemia">Ischemic</a> bowel disease: This usually affects older people and can be due to blocked arteries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscopic_colitis" title="Microscopic colitis">Microscopic colitis</a>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel disease</a> where changes are seen only on histological examination of colonic biopsies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_salt_malabsorption" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile salt malabsorption">Bile salt malabsorption</a> (<a href="/wiki/Primary_bile_acid_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary bile acid diarrhea">primary bile acid diarrhea</a>) where excessive <a href="/wiki/Bile_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile acids">bile acids</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Colon_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon (anatomy)">colon</a> produce a secretory diarrhea.</li> <li>Hormone-secreting tumors: some hormones, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a>, can cause diarrhea if secreted in excess (usually from a tumor).</li> <li>Chronic mild diarrhea in infants and toddlers may occur with no obvious cause and with no other ill effects; this condition is called <a href="/wiki/Toddler%27s_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Toddler's diarrhea">toddler's diarrhea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_enteropathy" title="Environmental enteropathy">Environmental enteropathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_enteropathy" title="Radiation enteropathy">Radiation enteropathy</a> following treatment for pelvic and abdominal cancers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medications">Medications</h3></div> Over 700 medications, such as <a href="/wiki/Side_effects_of_penicillin" title="Side effects of penicillin">penicillin</a>, are known to cause diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The classes of medications that are known to cause diarrhea are laxatives, antacids, heartburn medications, antibiotics, anti-neoplastic drugs, anti-inflammatories as well as many dietary supplements.<a href="#cite_note-MoonZhang2015-19">[19]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center"> <caption>Ion transporters targeted by enteric infections <a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Function </th> <th>Transporter </th></tr> <tr> <td>Absorption</td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHE" class="mw-redirect" title="NHE">NHE</a>, <a href="/wiki/SGLT1" class="mw-redirect" title="SGLT1">SGLT1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ENaC" class="mw-redirect" title="ENaC">ENaC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downregulated-in-adenoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Downregulated-in-adenoma">DRA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Secretion</td> <td><a href="/wiki/CaCC" class="mw-redirect" title="CaCC">CaCC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NKCC1" class="mw-redirect" title="NKCC1">NKCC1</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFTR" class="mw-redirect" title="CFTR">CFTR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Absorption and secretion </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_potassium_ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium potassium ATPase">Sodium potassium ATPase</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution">Evolution</h3></div> According to two researchers, <a href="/wiki/Randolph_M._Nesse" title="Randolph M. Nesse">Nesse</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_C._Williams_(biologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="George C. Williams (biologist)">Williams</a>, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism. As a result, if it is stopped, there might be a delay in recovery.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating <a href="/wiki/Shigella" title="Shigella">Shigella</a> with the anti-diarrhea drug (Co-phenotrope, <a href="/wiki/Lomotil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lomotil">Lomotil</a>) caused people to stay <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">feverish</a> twice as long as those not so treated. The researchers indeed themselves observed that: "Lomotil may be contraindicated in shigellosis. Diarrhea may represent a defense mechanism".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Diagnostic_approach">Diagnostic approach</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The following types of diarrhea may indicate further investigation is needed: <ul><li>In infants</li> <li>Moderate or severe diarrhea in young children</li> <li>Associated with blood</li> <li>Continues for more than two days</li> <li>Associated non-cramping <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">abdominal pain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weight_loss" title="Weight loss">weight loss</a>, etc.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Traveler%27s_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Traveler's diarrhea">travelers</a></li> <li>In food handlers, because of the potential to infect others;</li> <li>In institutions such as hospitals, child care centers, or geriatric and convalescent homes.</li></ul> A severity score is used to aid diagnosis in children.<a href="#cite_note-pmid2371542-58">[58]</a> When diarrhea lasts for more than four weeks a number of further tests may be recommended including:<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complete_blood_count" title="Complete blood count">Complete blood count</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Ferritin" title="Ferritin">ferritin</a> if <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a> is present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_stimulating_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid stimulating hormone">Thyroid stimulating hormone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_transglutaminase" title="Tissue transglutaminase">Tissue transglutaminase</a> for <a href="/wiki/Celiac_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Celiac disease">celiac disease</a></li> <li>Fecal <a href="/wiki/Calprotectin" title="Calprotectin">calprotectin</a> to exclude <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stool_test" title="Stool test">Stool tests</a> for ova and parasites as well as for <a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_(bacteria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clostridioides difficile (bacteria)">Clostridioides difficile</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Colonoscopy" title="Colonoscopy">colonoscopy</a> or fecal immunochemical testing for cancer, including biopsies to detect <a href="/wiki/Microscopic_colitis" title="Microscopic colitis">microscopic colitis</a></li> <li>Testing for <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile acid diarrhea">bile acid diarrhea</a> with <a href="/wiki/SeHCAT" title="SeHCAT">SeHCAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one" class="mw-redirect" title="7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one">7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one</a> or fecal <a href="/wiki/Bile_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile acids">bile acids</a> depending on availability</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_breath_test" title="Hydrogen breath test">Hydrogen breath test</a> looking for <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance</a></li> <li>Further tests if <a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">immunodeficiency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_radiation_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelvic radiation disease">pelvic radiation disease</a> or <a href="/wiki/Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth" title="Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth">small intestinal bacterial overgrowth</a> suspected.</li></ul> A 2019 guideline recommended that testing for ova and parasites was only needed in people who are at high risk though they recommend routine testing for <a href="/wiki/Giardia" title="Giardia">giardia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sma2019-60">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte_sedimentation_rate" title="Erythrocyte sedimentation rate">Erythrocyte sedimentation rate</a> (ESR) and <a href="/wiki/C-reactive_protein" title="C-reactive protein">C-reactive protein</a> (CRP) were not recommended.<a href="#cite_note-Sma2019-60">[60]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/290px-Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/290px-Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png" data-width="290" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/435px-Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/580px-Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Deaths due to diarrhoeal diseases per million persons in 2012 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> 0–2</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 3–10</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 11–18</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 19–30</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 31–46</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 47–80</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 81–221</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 222–450</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 451–606</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 607–1799</div></div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg/290px-Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg/290px-Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg.png" data-width="290" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg/435px-Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg/580px-Diarrhoeal_diseases_world_map_-_DALY_-_WHO2004.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Disability-adjusted_life_year" title="Disability-adjusted life year">Disability-adjusted life year</a> for diarrhea per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> no data</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> < 500</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 500–1000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 1000–1500</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 1500–2000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 2000–2500</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 2500–3000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 3000–3500</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 3500–4000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 4000–4500</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 4500–5000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 5000–6000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> > 6000</div> </div></figcaption></figure> Worldwide in 2004, approximately 2.5 billion cases of diarrhea occurred, which resulted in 1.5 million deaths among children under the age of five.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2010a-1">[1]</a> Greater than half of these were in Africa and South Asia.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2010a-1">[1]</a> This is down from a death rate of 4.5 million in 1980 for gastroenteritis.<a href="#cite_note-Mandell-62">[62]</a> Diarrhea remains the second leading cause of <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a> (16%) after <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> (17%) in this age group.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2010a-1">[1]</a> The majority of such cases occur in the developing world, with over half of the recorded cases of childhood diarrhea occurring in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, with 696 million and 1.2 billion cases, respectively, compared to only 480 million in the rest of the world.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days.<a href="#cite_note-UN2015-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In the Americas, diarrheal disease accounts for a total of 10% of deaths among children aged 1–59 months while in South East Asia, it accounts for 31.3% of deaths.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> It is estimated that around 21% of child mortalities in developing countries are due to diarrheal disease.<a href="#cite_note-c-67">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> has reported that "deaths due to diarrhoeal diseases have dropped by 45%, from sixth leading cause of death in 2000 to thirteenth in 2021."<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Even though diarrhea is best known in humans, it affects many other species, notably among <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hird_et_al._1984-69">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">cecal appendix</a>, when present, appears to afford some protection against diarrhea to young primates.<a href="#cite_note-Collard_et_al._2023-70">[70]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Prevention">Prevention</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanitation_2">Sanitation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/WASH#Health_aspects" title="WASH">WASH § Health aspects</a></div> Numerous studies have shown that improvements in drinking water and sanitation (<a href="/wiki/WASH" title="WASH">WASH</a>) lead to decreased risks of diarrhoea.<a href="#cite_note-:0-71">[71]</a> Such improvements might include for example use of water filters, provision of high-quality <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">piped water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">sewer</a> connections.<a href="#cite_note-:0-71">[71]</a> In institutions, communities, and households, interventions that promote <a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">hand washing</a> with soap lead to significant reductions in the incidence of diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-:1-72">[72]</a> The same applies to preventing <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">open defecation</a> at a community-wide level and providing access to <a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">improved sanitation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UN2015-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> This includes use of <a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toilets</a> and implementation of the entire <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> chain connected to the toilets (collection, transport, disposal or reuse of <a href="/wiki/Human_waste" title="Human waste">human excreta</a>). There is limited evidence that safe disposal of child or adult feces can prevent diarrheal disease.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hand_washing">Hand washing</h4></div> Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 30–48%.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-72">[72]</a> Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised by poverty as acknowledged by the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a>: "Handwashing is integral to disease prevention in all parts of the world; however, access to soap and water is limited in a number of less developed countries. This lack of access is one of many challenges to proper hygiene in less developed countries." Solutions to this barrier require the implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water">Water</h4></div> Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a> and <a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">improved sanitation</a> have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from diarrheal disease as a result of improved water sanitation and hygiene.<a href="#cite_note-Brown_629%E2%80%9334-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Similarly, a meta-analysis of numerous studies on improving water supply and sanitation shows a 22–27% reduction in disease incidence, and a 21–30% reduction in mortality rate associated with diarrheal disease.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Chlorine treatment of water, for example, has been shown to reduce both the risk of diarrheal disease, and of contamination of stored water with diarrheal pathogens.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vaccination">Vaccination</h3></div> Immunization against the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease is a viable prevention strategy, however it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination. In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing countries, use of a Rotavirus vaccine in trials in 1985 yielded a slight (2–3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence, while reducing overall mortality by 6–10%. Similarly, a Cholera vaccine showed a strong reduction in morbidity and mortality, though the overall impact of vaccination was minimal as Cholera is not one of the major causative pathogens of diarrheal disease.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Since this time, more effective vaccines have been developed that have the potential to save many thousands of lives in developing nations, while reducing the overall cost of treatment, and the costs to society.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccine" title="Rotavirus vaccine">Rotavirus vaccine</a> decreases the rates of diarrhea in a population.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2010a-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> New vaccines against rotavirus, Shigella, <a href="/wiki/Enterotoxigenic_Escherichia_coli" title="Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli">Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)</a>, and cholera are under development, as well as other causes of infectious diarrhea.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition_2">Nutrition</h3></div> Dietary deficiencies in developing countries can be combated by promoting better eating practices. Zinc supplementation proved successful showing a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrheal disease compared to a control group.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The majority of the literature suggests that vitamin A supplementation is advantageous in reducing disease incidence.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Development of a supplementation strategy should take into consideration the fact that vitamin A supplementation was less effective in reducing diarrhea incidence when compared to vitamin A and zinc supplementation, and that the latter strategy was estimated to be significantly more cost effective.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</h4></div> Breastfeeding practices have been shown to have a dramatic effect on the incidence of diarrheal disease in poor populations. Studies across a number of developing nations have shown that those who receive <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding#Duration_and_exclusivity" title="Breastfeeding">exclusive breastfeeding</a> during their first 6 months of life are better protected against infection with diarrheal diseases.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> One study in Brazil found that non-breastfed infants were 14 times more likely to die from diarrhea than exclusively breastfed infants.<a href="#cite_note-Lawrence2016-91">[91]</a> Exclusive breastfeeding is currently recommended for the first six months of an infant's life by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-World_Health_Organization_2017-93">[93]</a> with continued breastfeeding until at least two years of age.<a href="#cite_note-World_Health_Organization_2017-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Probiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Probiotics">Probiotics</a> decrease the risk of diarrhea in those taking <a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">antibiotics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Insecticide spraying may reduce fly numbers and the risk of diarrhea in children in a setting where there is seasonal variations in fly numbers throughout the year.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> In many cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed. This is usually by mouth – <a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy" title="Oral rehydration therapy">oral rehydration therapy</a> – or, in severe cases, <a href="/wiki/Intravenously" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenously">intravenously</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2010a-1">[1]</a> Diet restrictions such as the <a href="/wiki/BRAT_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="BRAT diet">BRAT diet</a> are no longer recommended.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Research does not support the limiting of milk to children as doing so has no effect on duration of diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> To the contrary, WHO recommends that children with diarrhea continue to eat as sufficient nutrients are usually still absorbed to support continued growth and weight gain, and that continuing to eat also speeds up recovery of normal intestinal functioning.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a> CDC recommends that children and adults with cholera also continue to eat.<a href="#cite_note-CDCmanualCholera-98">[98]</a> There is no evidence that early refeeding in children can cause an increase in inappropriate use of intravenous fluid, episodes of vomiting, and risk of having persistent diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Medications such as <a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">loperamide</a> (Imodium) and <a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate" title="Bismuth subsalicylate">bismuth subsalicylate</a> may be beneficial; however they may be <a href="/wiki/Contraindicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraindicated">contraindicated</a> in certain situations.<a href="#cite_note-pmid18192963-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluids">Fluids</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Management_of_dehydration" title="Management of dehydration">Management of dehydration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg/220px-Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1781" data-file-height="1192"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg/220px-Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg/330px-Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg/440px-Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A person consuming oral rehydration solution</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy" title="Oral rehydration therapy">Oral rehydration solution (ORS)</a> (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green coconut water, weak tea (unsweetened), and unsweetened fresh fruit juices can have from half a teaspoon to full teaspoon of salt (from one-and-a-half to three grams) added per liter. Clean plain water can also be one of several fluids given.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a> There are commercial solutions such as <a href="/wiki/Pedialyte" title="Pedialyte">Pedialyte</a>, and relief agencies such as <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> widely distribute packets of salts and sugar. A WHO publication for physicians recommends a homemade ORS consisting of one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a> (approximately the "taste of tears"<a href="#cite_note-2010WorldCupTravellersGuide-101">[101]</a>). Rehydration Project recommends adding the same amount of sugar but only one-half a teaspoon of salt, stating that this more dilute approach is less risky with very little loss of effectiveness.<a href="#cite_note-RehydrationProject-102">[102]</a> Both agree that drinks with too much sugar or salt can make dehydration worse.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-RehydrationProject-102">[102]</a> Appropriate amounts of supplemental zinc and potassium should be added if available. But the availability of these should not delay rehydration. As WHO points out, the most important thing is to begin preventing dehydration as early as possible.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a> In another example of prompt ORS hopefully preventing dehydration, CDC recommends for the treatment of cholera continuing to give Oral Rehydration Solution during travel to medical treatment.<a href="#cite_note-CDCmanualCholera-98">[98]</a> Vomiting often occurs during the first hour or two of treatment with ORS, especially if a child drinks the solution too quickly, but this seldom prevents successful rehydration since most of the fluid is still absorbed. WHO recommends that if a child vomits, to wait five or ten minutes and then start to give the solution again more slowly.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a> Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as <a href="/wiki/Soft_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft drinks">soft drinks</a> and fruit juices, are not recommended in children under five as they may increase dehydration. A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-NICE2009-103">[103]</a> Plain water may be used if more specific and effective ORT preparations are unavailable or are not palatable.<a href="#cite_note-NICE2009-103">[103]</a> Additionally, a mix of both plain water and drinks perhaps too rich in sugar and salt can alternatively be given to the same person, with the goal of providing a medium amount of sodium overall.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Nasogastric_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasogastric tube">nasogastric tube</a> can be used in young children to administer fluids if warranted.<a href="#cite_note-Webb2005-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eating">Eating</h3></div> The WHO recommends a child with diarrhea continue to be fed. Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function. In contrast, children whose food is restricted have diarrhea of longer duration and recover intestinal function more slowly. The WHO states "Food should never be withheld and the child's usual foods should not be diluted. Breastfeeding should always be continued."<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a> In the specific example of cholera, the CDC makes the same recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-CDCmanualCholera-98">[98]</a> Breast-fed infants with diarrhea often choose to breastfeed more, and should be encouraged to do so.<a href="#cite_note-WHOtreatmentdiarrhoea2005-20">[20]</a> In young children who are not breast-fed and live in the developed world, a lactose-free diet may be useful to speed recovery.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Eating food containing <a href="/wiki/Soluble_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluble fibre">soluble fibre</a> may help, but insoluble fibre might make it worse.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medications_2">Medications</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Antidiarrhoeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidiarrhoeal">Antidiarrhoeal</a></div> Antidiarrheal agents can be classified into four different groups: antimotility, antisecretory, adsorbent, and anti-infectious.<a href="#cite_note-Diosmectite2009-107">[107]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotics</a> are beneficial in certain types of acute diarrhea, they are usually not used except in specific situations.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-CE08-109">[109]</a> There are concerns that antibiotics may increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Hemolytic_uremic_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemolytic uremic syndrome">hemolytic uremic syndrome</a> in people infected with <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7" title="Escherichia coli O157:H7">Escherichia coli O157:H7</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In resource-poor countries, treatment with antibiotics may be beneficial.<a href="#cite_note-CE08-109">[109]</a> However, some bacteria are developing <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotic resistance">antibiotic resistance</a>, particularly Shigella.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Antibiotics can also cause diarrhea, and <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic-associated_diarrhea" title="Antibiotic-associated diarrhea">antibiotic-associated diarrhea</a> is the most common adverse effect of treatment with general antibiotics. While bismuth compounds (<a href="/wiki/Pepto-Bismol" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepto-Bismol">Pepto-Bismol</a>) decreased the number of bowel movements in those with travelers' diarrhea, they do not decrease the length of illness.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Anti-motility agents like <a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">loperamide</a> are also effective at reducing the number of stools but not the duration of disease.<a href="#cite_note-NEJM2014-8">[8]</a> These agents should be used only if bloody diarrhea is not present.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diosmectite" title="Diosmectite">Diosmectite</a>, a natural aluminomagnesium silicate clay, is effective in alleviating symptoms of acute diarrhea in children,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> and also has some effects in chronic functional diarrhea, radiation-induced diarrhea, and chemotherapy-induced diarrhea.<a href="#cite_note-pmid26576135-52">[52]</a> Another absorbent agent used for the treatment of mild diarrhea is <a href="/wiki/Kaopectate" title="Kaopectate">kaopectate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Racecadotril" title="Racecadotril">Racecadotril</a> an antisecretory medication may be used to treat diarrhea in children and adults.<a href="#cite_note-Diosmectite2009-107">[107]</a> It has better tolerability than <a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">loperamide</a>, as it causes less <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">flatulence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Arzneistoff-Profile-115">[115]</a> However, it has little benefit in improving acute diarrhea in children.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_sequestrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile acid sequestrants">Bile acid sequestrants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cholestyramine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholestyramine">cholestyramine</a> can be effective in chronic diarrhea due to <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption" title="Bile acid malabsorption">bile acid malabsorption</a>. Therapeutic trials of these drugs are indicated in chronic diarrhea if bile acid malabsorption cannot be diagnosed with a specific test, such as <a href="/wiki/SeHCAT" title="SeHCAT">SeHCAT</a> retention.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_therapies">Alternative therapies</h3></div> Zinc supplementation may benefit children over six months old with diarrhea in areas with high rates of malnourishment or zinc deficiency.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> This supports the World Health Organization guidelines for zinc, but not in the very young. A Cochrane Review from 2020 concludes that <a href="/wiki/Probiotic" title="Probiotic">probiotics</a> make little or no difference to people who have diarrhea lasting 2 days or longer and that there is no proof that they reduce its duration.<a href="#cite_note-pmid33295643-119">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Probiotic" title="Probiotic">probiotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">lactobacillus</a> can help prevent <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic-associated_diarrhea" title="Antibiotic-associated diarrhea">antibiotic-associated diarrhea</a> in adults but possibly not children.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> For those with <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance</a>, taking digestive <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Lactase" title="Lactase">lactase</a> when consuming dairy products often improves symptoms. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="12" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/18px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/24px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">Dysentery</a> – Inflammation of the intestine causing diarrhea with blood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Mazariegos" title="Fernando Mazariegos">Fernando Mazariegos</a> – Guatemalan scientist (1938–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucorrhea" title="Mucorrhea">Mucorrhea</a> – Discharge of mucus</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WHO2010a-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2010a_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2010a_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2010a_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2010a_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2010a_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2010a_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2010a_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO2010a_1-7">h</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div> <div class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.8em 0.8em; width: 18.55em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 87%; clear: right; line-height:1.3em; background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;float:right;"><div style="float:left;"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Project_Med/App" title="meta:Wiki Project Med/App"><noscript><img alt="The offline app allows you to download all of Wikipedia's medical articles in an app to access them when you have no Internet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Tango_Phone_medapp.svg/42px-Tango_Phone_medapp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="47" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="42" data-file-height="47"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 42px;height: 47px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Tango_Phone_medapp.svg/42px-Tango_Phone_medapp.svg.png" data-alt="The offline app allows you to download all of Wikipedia's medical articles in an app to access them when you have no Internet." data-width="42" data-height="47" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Tango_Phone_medapp.svg/63px-Tango_Phone_medapp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Tango_Phone_medapp.svg/84px-Tango_Phone_medapp.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div style="float:left;width:6px;padding:1px;height:47px;"></div>Wikipedia's health care articles can be viewed offline with the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Project_Med/App" class="extiw" title="meta:Wiki Project Med/App">Medical Wikipedia app</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Diarrhea at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Diarrhea" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Diarrhea">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Diarrhea" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Diarrhea">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Diarrhea" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Diarrhea">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Diarrhea" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Diarrhea">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Diarrhea" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Diarrhea">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Diarrhea" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Diarrhea">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Diarrhea" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Diarrhea">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease">WHO fact sheet on diarrhoeal disease</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diarrhea&oldid=1259595453">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diarrhea&oldid=1259595453</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Diarrhea&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 26 November 2024, at 00:33 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarree" title="Diarree – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Diarree" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mete%C5%ABtsiht" title="Meteūtsiht – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Meteūtsiht" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84" title="إسهال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسهال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foria" title="Foria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Foria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiphilla_jaqukipata" title="Jiphilla jaqukipata – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jiphilla jaqukipata" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diareya" title="Diareya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Diareya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ایسهال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسهال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="উদরাময় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উদরাময়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A0u-s%C3%A1i" title="Làu-sái – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Làu-sái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diare" title="Diare – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Diare" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8F" title="Дыярэя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыярэя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8F" title="Дыярэя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дыярэя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="डायरिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डायरिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диария – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Диария" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijareja" title="Dijareja – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dijareja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrea" title="Diarrea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diarrea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Варвитти – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Варвитти" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C5%AFjem" title="Průjem – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Průjem" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolur_rhydd" title="Dolur rhydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dolur rhydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binsaa" title="Binsaa – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Binsaa" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarr%C3%A9" title="Diarré – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Diarré" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durchfall" title="Durchfall – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Durchfall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%AD%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%81%DE%B0_%DE%80%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ބޭރަށް ހިންގުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބޭރަށް ހިންގުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Διάρροια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάρροια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Пскезямо – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пскезямо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrea" title="Diarrea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diarrea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diareo" title="Diareo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Diareo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beherako" title="Beherako – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Beherako" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsinyed%C9%94" title="Mitsinyedɔ – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Mitsinyedɔ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اسهال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسهال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrh%C3%A9e" title="Diarrhée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Diarrhée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buinneach" title="Buinneach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Buinneach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buinneach" title="Buinneach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Buinneach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrea" title="Diarrea – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Diarrea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0" title="અતિસાર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અતિસાર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A4%EC%82%AC" title="설사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="설사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudawa" title="Gudawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gudawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Փորլուծություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փորլուծություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अतिसार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अतिसार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proljev" title="Proljev – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Proljev" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af%E1%BB%8D_%E1%BB%8Ds%E1%BB%8Bsa" title="Afọ ọsịsa – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Afọ ọsịsa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diare" title="Diare – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Diare" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isisu_esihambisayo" title="Isisu esihambisayo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isisu esihambisayo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_sohudo" title="Isifo sohudo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isifo sohudo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B0urgangur" title="Niðurgangur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Niðurgangur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrea" title="Diarrea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diarrea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C" title="שלשול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שלשול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diar%C3%A9" title="Diaré – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Diaré" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಅತಿಸಾರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅತಿಸಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ფაღარათი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფაღარათი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڈایریا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ڈایریا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%88_%D3%A9%D1%82%D1%83" title="Іш өту – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Іш өту" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuhara" title="Kuhara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kuhara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin_diare" title="Gin diare – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gin diare" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Диарея – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диарея" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvi_profluvium" title="Alvi profluvium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alvi profluvium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caureja" title="Caureja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Caureja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viduriavimas" title="Viduriavimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viduriavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul%C3%BApul%C3%BA" title="Pulúpulú – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pulúpulú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagheta" title="Cagheta – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cagheta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmen%C3%A9s" title="Hasmenés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hasmenés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Пролив – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пролив" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അതിസാരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അതിസാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="अतिसार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अतिसार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarea" title="Diarea – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Diarea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဝမ်းလျှောခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝမ်းလျှောခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coka" title="Coka – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Coka" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarree" title="Diarree – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Diarree" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="पखाला – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पखाला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%97%A2" title="下痢 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="下痢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Чоькачйалар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чоькачйалар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diar%C3%A9" title="Diaré – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Diaré" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diar%C3%A9" title="Diaré – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Diaré" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarr%C3%A8a" title="Diarrèa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Diarrèa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B3_%E0%AC%9D%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BE" title="ତରଳ ଝାଡ଼ା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତରଳ ଝାଡ଼ା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ich_ketishi" title="Ich ketishi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ich ketishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نس ناستی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نس ناستی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biegunka" title="Biegunka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biegunka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarreia" title="Diarreia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Diarreia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaree" title="Diaree – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Diaree" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27icha" title="Q'icha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'icha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Диарея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диарея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%BA%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taerea" title="Taerea – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Taerea" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarreja" title="Diarreja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Diarreja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacaredda" title="Cacaredda – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cacaredda" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පාචනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාචනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Diarrhea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ڊائريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڊائريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hna%C4%8Dka" title="Hnačka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hnačka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driska" title="Driska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Driska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuban" title="Shuban – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shuban" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="سکچوون – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سکچوون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Пролив – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пролив" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proljev" title="Proljev – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Proljev" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diar%C3%A9" title="Diaré – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Diaré" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuli" title="Ripuli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ripuli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarr%C3%A9" title="Diarré – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Diarré" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagtatae" title="Pagtatae – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagtatae" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="வயிற்றுப்போக்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வயிற்றுப்போக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Диарея – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Диарея" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="అతిసారం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అతిసారం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="อาการท้องร่วง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาการท้องร่วง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C9%9B%CC%88c" title="Yɛ̈c – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Yɛ̈c" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0shal" title="İshal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İshal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayamtim" title="Ayamtim – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ayamtim" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Діарея – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діарея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اسہال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسہال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%DA%86%D9%89_%D8%B3%DB%88%D8%B1%DB%88%D8%B4" title="ئىچى سۈرۈش – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىچى سۈرۈش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksiq" title="Oksiq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Oksiq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%AAu_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Tiêu chảy – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiêu chảy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schite" title="Schite – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Schite" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biir_bu_daw" title="Biir bu daw – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Biir bu daw" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%99%E8%85%B9" title="屙腹 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="屙腹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2i%E1%B9%A3unu" title="Ṣiṣunu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ṣiṣunu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%9A%E7%97%BE" title="肚痾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="肚痾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%B9%E7%80%89" title="腹瀉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="腹瀉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 00:33 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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