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</nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteníu" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteníu</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Entamu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Estructura_d'un_granu_de_polen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estructura_d'un_granu_de_polen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Estructura d'un granu de polen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estructura_d'un_granu_de_polen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polen_fósil_==" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polen_fósil_=="> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Polen fósil ==</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polen_fósil_==-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_polen_y_les_abeyes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_polen_y_les_abeyes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>El polen y les abeyes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_polen_y_les_abeyes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polen_pal_consumu_humanu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polen_pal_consumu_humanu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Polen pal consumu humanu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polen_pal_consumu_humanu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Aerobioloxía_y_el_polen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Aerobioloxía_y_el_polen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>La Aerobioloxía y el polen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Aerobioloxía_y_el_polen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_tamién" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_tamién"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ver tamién</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_tamién-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaces_esternos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaces_esternos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 80 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuifmeel" title="Stuifmeel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stuifmeel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="حبوب اللقاح – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حبوب اللقاح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – azerbaixanu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaixanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Һеркә – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һеркә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пылок – bielorrusu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пылок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Цветен прашец – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цветен прашец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – bosniu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C2%B7len" title="Pol·len – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pol·len" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyl" title="Pyl – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pyl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шăрка – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шăрка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paill" title="Paill – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Paill" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Γύρη – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γύρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poleno" title="Poleno – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Poleno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95ietolm" title="Õietolm – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õietolm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87" title="گرده – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siitep%C3%B6ly" title="Siitepöly – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siitepöly" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pailin" title="Pailin – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pailin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poilean" title="Poilean – gaélicu escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poilean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélicu escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole" title="Pole – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pole" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="אבקה (בוטניקה) – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבקה (בוטניקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97" title="पराग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पराग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cvjetni_pelud" title="Cvjetni pelud – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cvjetni pelud" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir%C3%A1gpor" title="Virágpor – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Virágpor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%AB" title="Ծաղկափոշի – armeniu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծաղկափոշի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polline" title="Polline – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Polline" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbuk_sari" title="Serbuk sari – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serbuk sari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poleno" title="Poleno – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Poleno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frj%C3%B3duft" title="Frjóduft – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frjóduft" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polline" title="Polline – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polline" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%B2%89" title="花粉 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="花粉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3" title="Тозаң – kazaquistanín" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тозаң" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3" title="ಪರಾಗ ಮತ್ತು ಪರಾಗಣ – canarés" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪರಾಗ ಮತ್ತು ಪರಾಗಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%BD%83%EA%B0%80%EB%A3%A8" title="꽃가루 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="꽃가루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – llatín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiedadulk%C4%97" title="Žiedadulkė – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žiedadulkė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putek%C5%A1%C5%86i" title="Putekšņi – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Putekšņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vovobony" title="Vovobony – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vovobony" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puehu" title="Puehu – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Puehu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Полен – macedoniu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="പരാഗം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പരാഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debunga" title="Debunga – malayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Debunga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – baxu alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baxu alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuifmeel" title="Stuifmeel – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stuifmeel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll%C3%A8n" title="Pollèn – occitanu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pollèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habarii" title="Habarii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Habarii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Py%C5%82ek" title="Pyłek – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pyłek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF_(%D9%BE%DA%BE%D9%84)" title="پراگ (پھل) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پراگ (پھل)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3len" title="Pólen – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pólen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisa" title="Sisa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sisa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – rumanu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пыльца – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пыльца" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2llini" title="Pòllini – sicilianu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pòllini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelud" title="Pelud – serbo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pelud" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%BE" title="Peľ – eslovacu" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Peľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelod" title="Pelod – eslovenu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pelod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Полен – serbiu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbelewele" title="Mbelewele – suaḥili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mbelewele" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaḥili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மகரந்தம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மகரந்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="పుప్పొడి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పుప్పొడి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B9" title="ละอองเรณู – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ละอองเรณู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tozgajyk" title="Tozgajyk – turcomanu" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tozgajyk" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulo_(bulaklak)" title="Bulo (bulaklak) – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bulo (bulaklak)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Polen – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пилок – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пилок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_donachalari" title="Chang donachalari – uzbequistanín" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chang donachalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbequistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A5n_hoa" title="Phấn hoa – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phấn hoa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pollen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%B2%89" title="花粉 – chinu wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="花粉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinu wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%B2%89" title="花粉 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="花粉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%B2%89" title="花粉 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="花粉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79932#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderique:Polen&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Alderique tocante al conteníu de la páxina (la páxina nun esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Alderique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">asturianu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polen"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=history" title="Versiones antigües d'esta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de páxina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramientes" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramientes</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramientes</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aiciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polen"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Xeneral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/Polen" title="Llista de toles páxines wiki qu'enllacien equí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo qu'enllaza equí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/Polen" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes nes páxines enllazaes dende esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios rellacionaos</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ast" title="Xubir ficheros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Xubir ficheru</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Llista de toles páxines especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxines especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&oldid=4202848" title="Enllaz permanente a esta revisión de la páxina"><span>Enllaz permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=info" title="Más información sobro esta páxina"><span>Información de la páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Polen&id=4202848&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información tocante a cómo citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fast.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPolen"><span>Llograr la URL encurtiada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fast.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPolen"><span>Xenerar códigu QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprentar/esportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Polen"><span>Crear un llibru</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Polen&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&printable=yes" title="Versión imprentable d'esta páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión pa imprentar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> N'otros proyeutos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pollen" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79932" title="Enllaz al elementu del depósitu de datos coneutáu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elementu de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de páxina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">despintar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-tradubot" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polen" title="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente"><img alt="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/16px-Robot_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/24px-Robot_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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Contribúi camudando lo que seya necesario o poniendo na páxina d'alderique lo que nun conozas pa que l'autor faiga los camudamientos. <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit">Collabora!</a>)</small><b><br /></b> <small><p style="text-align:center;">Nun elimines esti avisu hasta que tea fináu tol trabayu...</p></small> <span style="font-size:85%"> Esti avisu púnxose'l 6 de avientu de 2015.</span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width: 75%;" class="noprint plainlinks ambox ambox-notice"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:50px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Star_of_life_caution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/50px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/75px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/100px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="190" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text"><div class="center"><b>Alvertencia: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avisu_m%C3%A9dicu" title="Wikipedia:Avisu médicu">Wikipedia nun ye un consultoriu médicu nin farmacolóxicu.</a></b><br /> <big>Si piensa que precisa ayuda, por favor, <u><b>fale con un profesional de la salú.</b></u></big></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="infobox plantia-xenerica" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #acacac">Polen</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #cdcdcd"> microgametophyte <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12036890?uselang=ast" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Misc_pollen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Misc_pollen.jpg/260px-Misc_pollen.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Misc_pollen.jpg/390px-Misc_pollen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Misc_pollen.jpg/520px-Misc_pollen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="935" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv/260px--Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="195" data-durationhint="40" data-mwtitle="Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv/Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv/Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv/Beeswiki-1157918298.can.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932" title="Cambiar los datos en Wikidata"><img alt="Cambiar los datos en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Ipomoea_purpurea_pollen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ipomoea_purpurea_pollen.jpg/220px-Ipomoea_purpurea_pollen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ipomoea_purpurea_pollen.jpg/330px-Ipomoea_purpurea_pollen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ipomoea_purpurea_pollen.jpg/440px-Ipomoea_purpurea_pollen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Polen de <i><a href="/wiki/Ipomoea_purpurea" title="Ipomoea purpurea">Ipomoea purpurea</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Euphorbia-pulcherrima-polen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Euphorbia-pulcherrima-polen.jpg/220px-Euphorbia-pulcherrima-polen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Euphorbia-pulcherrima-polen.jpg/330px-Euphorbia-pulcherrima-polen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Euphorbia-pulcherrima-polen.jpg/440px-Euphorbia-pulcherrima-polen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>Polen de <i><a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_pulcherrima" title="Euphorbia pulcherrima">Euphorbia pulcherrima</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Polen</b> (del <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Llatín">llatín</a> <i>pollen</i>, «polvillo bien finu») ye'l nome coleutivu de los granos, más o menos microscópicos, que producen les plantes con <a href="/wiki/Grana" class="mw-redirect" title="Grana">grana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spermatophyta" title="Spermatophyta">espermatófitos</a>), cada unu de los cualos contién un microgametófitu (<a href="/wiki/Gamet%C3%B3fitu" title="Gametófitu">gametófitu</a> masculín). </p><p>El sacu polínicu ye la parte de l'<a href="/wiki/Antera" title="Antera">antera</a> que contién los granos de polen, nos órganos masculinos de la <a href="/wiki/Flor" title="Flor">flor</a>, los <a href="/wiki/Estambres" class="mw-redirect" title="Estambres">estambres</a>. </p><p>El granu de polen contién un individuu masculín amenorgáu a dos o trés <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lula" title="Célula">célules</a>: el gametófitu masculín, la fase haploide nel ciclu d'alternanza de xeneraciones carauterísticu de les <a href="/wiki/Planta" class="mw-redirect" title="Planta">plantes</a>. Una vegada asocedida la polinización, una vegada llegáu'l granu de polen a la superficie receptiva na planta de destín, ye dicir al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estigma_(bot%C3%A1nica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estigma (botánica) (la páxina nun esiste)">estigma</a>, produzse la so guañada. Del granu surde'l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubu_pol%C3%ADnicu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubu polínicu (la páxina nun esiste)">tubu polínicu</a>, que ye una emanación de <a href="/wiki/Citoplasma" title="Citoplasma">citoplasma</a> al traviés de la cual migren los nucleos masculinos en direición a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C3%B3sfera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oósfera (la páxina nun esiste)">oósfera</a> (el gametu femenín) y el nucleu polar (nes <a href="/wiki/Anxosperma" class="mw-redirect" title="Anxosperma">anxospermes</a> hai una fecundación doble). </p><p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palinolox%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palinoloxía (la páxina nun esiste)">palinoloxía</a> ye la disciplina qu'estudia'l polen, cuantimás, la so morfoloxía. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estructura_d'un_granu_de_polen"><span id="Estructura_d.27un_granu_de_polen"></span>Estructura d'un granu de polen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Estructura d'un granu de polen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Estructura d'un granu de polen"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El granu de polen tien capes na so paré celular, denominaes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intina (la páxina nun esiste)">intina</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exina (la páxina nun esiste)">exina</a>. La primera ye de naturaleza pectocelulósica y nun difier esencialmente de la paré primaria de les célules somátiques, ente que la segunda ta compuesta por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esporopolenina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esporopolenina (la páxina nun esiste)">esporopolenina</a>, un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politerpeno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politerpeno (la páxina nun esiste)">politerpeno</a> que pola so estructura química con un altu conteníu de carbonu forma un compuestu resistente a la destrucción superficial y dexa caltener les carauterístiques estructurales de los granos de polen. Nesto básase la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palinolox%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palinoloxía (la páxina nun esiste)">palinoloxía</a> pa llograr les sos determinaciones taxonómiques. Amás, cada tipu de polen tien una morfoloxía carauterística a nivel d'especie, xéneru o familia, que puede presentar colpos, poros o dambos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polen_fósil_=="><span id="Polen_f.C3.B3sil_.3D.3D"></span>Polen fósil ==</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Polen fósil ==" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Polen fósil =="><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La cubierta esterna del granu de polen da-y cierta resistencia contra los rigores del procesu de fosilización que suel destruyir materiales más delicaos. Amás el polen, especialmente'l de plantes polinizadas pol vientu (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anemofilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anemofilia (la páxina nun esiste)">anemófilas</a>) ye producíu en grandes cantidaes, atrópase sobre'l suelu y queda cubiertu so capes de sedimentos. Por eso esiste un estensu archivu de polen fósil que puede ser acomuñáu coles plantes que la producen. La disciplina de la Paleopalinoloxía dedicar al estudiu del polen fósil. Apurre información útil pa la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioestratigraf%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioestratigrafía (la páxina nun esiste)">bioestratigrafía</a> y tamién información sobre la bayura y variedá de plantes en determinaos llugares y dómines; esto sirve pa documentar los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleoclimatolox%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleoclimatoloxía (la páxina nun esiste)">paleoclimas</a>. </p><p>El polen más antiguu atopáu pertenez al periodu <a href="/wiki/Dev%C3%B3nicu" title="Devónicu">Devónicu</a>.<sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilid%C3%A1" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilidá">ensin referencies</a></i>]</sup> La so cantidá y variedá foi creciendo al traviés del tiempu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="El_polen_y_les_abeyes">El polen y les abeyes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: El polen y les abeyes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: El polen y les abeyes"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Bee_Collecting_Pollen_2004-08-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bee_Collecting_Pollen_2004-08-14.jpg/220px-Bee_Collecting_Pollen_2004-08-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bee_Collecting_Pollen_2004-08-14.jpg/330px-Bee_Collecting_Pollen_2004-08-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Bee_Collecting_Pollen_2004-08-14.jpg/440px-Bee_Collecting_Pollen_2004-08-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Granos de polen adosaos al cuerpu d'una abeya.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Thomas_Bresson_-_Abeille-1_(by).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Thomas_Bresson_-_Abeille-1_%28by%29.jpg/220px-Thomas_Bresson_-_Abeille-1_%28by%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Thomas_Bresson_-_Abeille-1_%28by%29.jpg/330px-Thomas_Bresson_-_Abeille-1_%28by%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Thomas_Bresson_-_Abeille-1_%28by%29.jpg/440px-Thomas_Bresson_-_Abeille-1_%28by%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2741" data-file-height="2021" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Apis_mellifera" title="Apis mellifera">Apis mellifera</a></i> con corbícula cargada de polen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Munchos animales nun pueden alimentase del polen. Les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abeyes_mel%C3%ADferas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abeyes melíferas (la páxina nun esiste)">abeyes melíferas</a> cuntar ente los que sí pueden faelo, esto ye posible por cuenta de que xeneren enzimes capaces de dixerir el mesmu mientres ta almacenáu nos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Setos_de_cera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Setos de cera (la páxina nun esiste)">setos de cera</a>. Nun ye un procesu inmediatu, sinón que l'abeya almacena'l polen nos setos, amiesta los sos <a href="/wiki/Enzimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzimes">enzimes</a>, tapa esti polen con una capa de miel con cuenta de que sía un procesu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaerobiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaerobiu (la páxina nun esiste)">anaerobiu</a>, y depués d'unes selmanes el polen tresformar no que los apicultores denominen <b>pan de l'abeya</b>. Neses condiciones el polen resulta digerible, llográndose d'él toles proteínes (colos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amino%C3%A1cidos_esenciales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aminoácidos esenciales (la páxina nun esiste)">aminoácidos esenciales</a>), <a href="/wiki/Grasa" title="Grasa">grases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minerales" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerales">minerales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligoelementos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligoelementos (la páxina nun esiste)">oligoelementos</a>, etc. El polen ye consideráu como l'alimentu básico del bárabu d'abeya. Los adultos peracaben más néctar que polen. </p><p>Les abeyes melíferas desenvolvieron nel tercer par de pates una especie de 'cestes', tamién denominaes <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corb%C3%ADcula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corbícula (la páxina nun esiste)">corbícules</a>, a les que per mediu de 'peñes' treslladen los granos de polen que se xunten al so cuerpu, que son tresportaos al truébanu, onde se realiza tol procesu de fermentadura descritu. Otres especies d'abeyes tamién tienen corbículas o una versión más primitiva d'éstes llamada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scopa (la páxina nun esiste)">scopa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polen_pal_consumu_humanu">Polen pal consumu humanu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Polen pal consumu humanu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Polen pal consumu humanu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Una variedá de productores apícolas empezaron a vender polen pal consumu humanu, usualmente espublizáu como un alimentu saludable. El polen contién <a href="/wiki/Agua" title="Agua">agua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amino%C3%A1cidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminoácidos">aminoácidos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%ADnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteínes">proteínes</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADpidu" title="Lípidu">lípidos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbohidratos" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohidratos">carbohidratos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sales_minerales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sales minerales (la páxina nun esiste)">minerales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamines" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamines">vitamines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enzimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzimes">enzimes</a> y otros <a href="/w/index.php?title=Micronutrientes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micronutrientes (la páxina nun esiste)">micronutrientes</a>. La composición depende de la especie pero xeneralmente, amás de numberoses vitamines y aminoácidos, tien los siguientes valores nutritivos: </p> <table border="1" style="float:center; margin:0 0 1em 1em"> <caption><b>Composición</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Proteína</td> <td>16-30 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>Almidón</td> <td>1-7 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>Azucres</td> <td>0-15 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lípidos</td> <td>3-10 % </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'Alministración d'Alimentos y Fármacos (<a href="/w/index.php?title=FDA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FDA (la páxina nun esiste)">FDA</a>) de los Estaos Xuníos nun atopó efeutos dañibles del consumu de polen, sacante por delles alerxes. Sicasí, la FDA nun dexa que los vendedores de polen alieguen que'l productu tien beneficios pa la salú una y bones nun esiste una base científica pa tales argumentos. Amás hai posibles riesgos d'alerxes y contaminaciones de pesticidas, fungos o bacteries que pueden ser causaos por almacenaxe deficiente. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dellos productores afirmen que collechar polen ye beneficiosu pa los truébanos pero tal cosa escarez de pruebes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_Aerobioloxía_y_el_polen"><span id="La_Aerobiolox.C3.ADa_y_el_polen"></span>La Aerobioloxía y el polen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: La Aerobioloxía y el polen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: La Aerobioloxía y el polen"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerobiolox%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerobioloxía (la páxina nun esiste)">Aerobioloxía</a> ye la ciencia qu'estudia les partícules biolóxiques tresportaes pasivamente al traviés del aire, tales como <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteries</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espores (la páxina nun esiste)">espores</a> de <a href="/wiki/Fungu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungu">fungos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inseutu" class="mw-redirect" title="Inseutu">inseutos</a> bien pequeños y <b>polen</b>. Unu de los principales campos de la Aerobioloxía foi'l d'analizar estes partícules pa lluchar na prevención de los síntomes de les alerxes a los granos de polen. </p><p>La Rede Española de Aerobioloxía (REA) foi constituyida en 1992 y el so centru coordinador atopar nel Departamentu de Botánica, Ecoloxía y Fisioloxía de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universid%C3%A1_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Espa%C3%B1a)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universidá de Córdoba (España) (la páxina nun esiste)">Universidá de Córdoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ente les xeres d'esti centru coordinador atópense l'espardimientu d'información polínica nacional nos distintos medios de comunicación. L'Asociación Panamericana de Aerobioloxía (PAAA) ye una sociedá d'individuos que comparten un interés profesional o académicu na ciencia de Aerobioloxía.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El métodu aerobiológio emplegáu y estandarizado pola Rede Española de Aerobioloxía ye llargamente utilizáu nel campu científico<sup id="cite_ref-(Galán_et_al.,_2007)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(Galán_et_al.,_2007)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los datos xeneraos pola Rede Española de Aerobioloxía tán sometíos a un estrictu control, asegurando la so calidá área.<sup id="cite_ref-(Oteros_et_al.,_2013)_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(Oteros_et_al.,_2013)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darréu publicáronse los Mínimos Encamientos del métodu aerobiológico, tres un intensu trabayu de consensu internacional.<sup id="cite_ref-(Galán_et_al.,_2014)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(Galán_et_al.,_2014)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_tamién"><span id="Ver_tami.C3.A9n"></span>Ver tamién</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar seición: Ver tamién" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Ver tamién"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerobiolox%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerobioloxía (la páxina nun esiste)">Aerobioloxía</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://aple.usal.es/">[3]</a> Asociación de Palinólogos de Llingua Española (APLE).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uco.es/rea/investigacion/investiga.html">[4]</a> Rede Española de Aerobioloxía (REA).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_ap%C3%ADcola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora apícola (la páxina nun esiste)">Flora apícola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pecoreo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pecoreo (la páxina nun esiste)">Pecoreo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polinizador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polinizador (la páxina nun esiste)">Polinizador</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm T. Sanford. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AA158"><i>Producing Pollen</i></a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>.  <i>University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences</i>. Archiváu dende l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AA158">orixinal</a>, el 27 de payares de 2015. Consultáu'l 30-08-2007. <i>Document ENY118. Original publication date November 1, 1994. Revised February 1, 1995. Reviewed May 1, 2003</i>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Barrett, M.D. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/DSH/bee.html"><i>Bee Pollen, Royal Jelly, and Propolis</i></a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>. Consultáu'l 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uco.es/rea/infor_rea/centro_coord.html">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.paaa.org/">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(Galán_et_al.,_2007)-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-(Galán_et_al.,_2007)_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Galán, C., González, P. C., Teno, P. A., & Vilches, Y. D. (2007). <i>Spanish Aerobiology Network (REA): management and quality manual</i>. Serviciu de Publicaciones, Universidá de Córdoba.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(Oteros_et_al.,_2013)-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-(Oteros_et_al.,_2013)_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oteros, J., Galán, C., Alcázar, P., & Domínguez-Vilches, E. (2013). «Quality control in bio-monitoring networks.» Spanish Aerobiology Network. <i>Science of the total environment</i>, 443, 559-565</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(Galán_et_al.,_2014)-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-(Galán_et_al.,_2014)_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Galán, C., Smith, M., Thibaudon, M., Frenguelli, G., Oteros, J., Gehrig, R., ... & EAS QC Working Group. (2014). «Pollen monitoring: minimum requirements and reproducibility of analysis.» <i>Aerobiologia</i>, 30(4), 385-395.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar seición: Bibliografía" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Strassburger, Y. 1994. <i>Tratáu de Botánica</i>. 8ª edición. Omega, Barcelona, 1088 p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polen&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks commons navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=ast">Wikimedia Commons</a> acueye conteníu multimedia sobre <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pollen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pollen">Polen</a></b></i>.</span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2260362">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;background-color:#eaecf0;color:#222222}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyeutos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q79932">Q79932</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pollen">Pollen</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119374039">119374039</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119374039">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4046628-0">4046628-0</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85104512">sh85104512</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564471">00564471</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph137715">ph137715</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300213002">300213002</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedies</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/pollen">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Identificadores médicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D011058">D011058</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">UMLS:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0032385">C0032385</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q79932">Q79932</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pollen">Pollen</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Sacáu de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polen&oldid=4202848">https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polen&oldid=4202848</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categoríes</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Wikificar" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Wikificar">Wikipedia:Wikificar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Revisar_traducci%C3%B3n" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Revisar traducción">Wikipedia:Revisar traducción</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Anatom%C3%ADa_de_la_flor" title="Categoría:Anatomía de la flor">Anatomía de la flor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Apicultura" title="Categoría:Apicultura">Apicultura</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Morfolox%C3%ADa_de_la_flor" title="Categoría:Morfoloxía de la flor">Morfoloxía de la flor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:T%C3%A9rminos_bot%C3%A1nicos" title="Categoría:Términos botánicos">Términos botánicos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Polinizaci%C3%B3n" title="Categoría:Polinización">Polinización</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categor%C3%ADa:Palinolox%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoría:Palinoloxía (la páxina nun esiste)">Palinoloxía</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoríes anubríes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:P%C3%A1xines_con_etiquetes_de_Wikidata_ensin_traducir" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Páxines con etiquetes de Wikidata ensin traducir">Wikipedia:Páxines con etiquetes de Wikidata ensin traducir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_qu%27usen_ficha_ensin_datos_en_fileres" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos qu'usen ficha ensin datos en fileres">Wikipedia:Artículos qu'usen ficha ensin datos en fileres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_datos_ensin_referencies" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con datos ensin referencies">Wikipedia:Artículos con datos ensin referencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:P%C3%A1xines_con_enllaz_commonscat_igual_que_Wikidata" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Páxines con enllaz commonscat igual que Wikidata">Wikipedia:Páxines con enllaz commonscat igual que Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Tradubot" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Tradubot">Wikipedia:Tradubot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_BNF" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_GND" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_LCCN" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_con_identificadores_AAT" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores AAT">Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores AAT</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La última edición d'esta páxina foi'l 14 xun 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