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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimoloxía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimoloxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Historia"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistoria_e_antigüidade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoria_e_antigüidade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistoria e antigüidade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoria_e_antigüidade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_feudal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_feudal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Era feudal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_feudal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Época_moderna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Época_moderna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Época moderna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Época_moderna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goberno_e_política" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goberno_e_política"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Goberno e política</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Goberno_e_política-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Goberno e política"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Goberno_e_política-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dereitos_humanos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dereitos_humanos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dereitos humanos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dereitos_humanos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relacións_internacionais_e_forzas_armadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relacións_internacionais_e_forzas_armadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Relacións internacionais e forzas armadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relacións_internacionais_e_forzas_armadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisións_administrativas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisións_administrativas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Divisións administrativas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisións_administrativas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xeografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xeografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Xeografía</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Xeografía-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Xeografía"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Xeografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversidade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversidade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Biodiversidade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversidade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medio_ambiente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medio_ambiente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Medio ambiente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medio_ambiente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economía</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economía-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Economía"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exportacións_e_importacións" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exportacións_e_importacións"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Exportacións e importacións</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exportacións_e_importacións-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ciencia_e_tecnoloxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ciencia_e_tecnoloxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ciencia e tecnoloxía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ciencia_e_tecnoloxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enerxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enerxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Enerxía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enerxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transporte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transporte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Transporte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transporte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demografía</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografía-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Demografía"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relixión" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relixión"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Relixión</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relixión-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Linguas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educación" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educación"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Educación</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educación-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saúde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saúde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Saúde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saúde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime_e_seguridade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime_e_seguridade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Crime e seguridade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime_e_seguridade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Cultura"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Arte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Música" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Música"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Música</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Música-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Gastronomía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deporte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deporte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Deporte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deporte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xapón</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 324 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-324" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">324 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Иапониа – abkhazo" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Иапониа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhazo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeupang" title="Jeupang – achinés" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jeupang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Японие – adigueo" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Японие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigueo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јопон – altai meridional" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Јопон" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altai meridional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95" title="ጃፓን – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጃፓን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ripon" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chap%C3%B3n" title="Chapón – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chapón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapan" title="Iapan – inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iapan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليابان – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليابان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%A2" title="ܝܦܢ – arameo" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܦܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="الجاپون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الجاپون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليابان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليابان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – assamés" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Xapón – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xapón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipona" title="Nipona – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Nipona" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun" title="Nihun – aimará" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nihun" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژاپون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژاپون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japuon%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Japuonėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Japuonėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipun" title="Gipun – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Gipun" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဂျပန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂျပန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉི་ཧོང་། – tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཉི་ཧོང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%84%CC%8C" title="ᨍᨛᨄ̌ – buginés" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨍᨛᨄ̌" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Япон Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Япон Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Japó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ADk-bu%C5%8Dng" title="Nĭk-buōng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nĭk-buōng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Ипнойчоь – checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ипнойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapan" title="Chapan – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chapan" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8F" title="ᏣᏩᏂᏏ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏣᏩᏂᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%86" title="ژاپۆن – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژاپۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%C4%81n" title="Capān – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Capān" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Japonsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B2%C5%84sk%C3%B4" title="Japòńskô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Japòńskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%96%D0%BF%D1%A1%D0%BD%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Ꙗпѡнїꙗ – eslavo eclesiástico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙗпѡнїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavo eclesiástico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Japonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japa%C5%84ska" title="Japańska – baixo sorbio" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Japańska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baixo sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Jepun" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="ޖަޕާނު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަޕާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ཇ་པཱན – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཇ་པཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνία – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιαπωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giap%C3%B2%E1%B9%85" title="Giapòṅ – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Giapòṅ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanio" title="Japanio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Japanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="ژاپن – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژاپن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – fixiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fixiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjapon" title="Gjapon – friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjapon" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeap%C3%A1in" title="An tSeapáin – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeapáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iapan" title="An Iapan – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Iapan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A4%D9%86" title="ژاپؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ژاپؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%B5" title="Hapõ – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hapõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जपान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जपान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japangi" title="Japangi – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Japangi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="જાપાન – guxarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જાપાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guxarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87hapaan" title="Yn Çhapaan – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çhapaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn" title="Ngi̍t-pún – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngi̍t-pún" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%81pana" title="Iāpana – hawaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Iāpana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="יפן – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יפן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanska" title="Japanska – alto sorbio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Japanska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n" title="Japán – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ճապոնիա – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճապոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ճափոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճափոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jipun" title="Jipun – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jipun" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippan" title="Nippan – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nippan" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – inguxo" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%94%AD%E1%90%B9%E1%93%90" title="ᔭᐹᓐ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᔭᐹᓐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pongu%27e" title="pongu'e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pongu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონია – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაპონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapan" title="Yapan – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Yapan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – cabardiano" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Sapɔŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sapɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%CC%B1pan" title="Ja̱pan – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ja̱pan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jopang" title="Jopang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jopang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ជប៉ុន – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជប៉ុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಪಾನ್ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಪಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="일본 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ниппон – komi permio" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ниппон" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi permio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Джапония – carachaio-bálcara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джапония" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="carachaio-bálcara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – caxemirés" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemirés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon" title="Nihon – córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nihon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жапония" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaponia" title="Iaponia – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iaponia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – lezguio" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezguio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nion" title="Nion – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nion" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappon" title="Giappon – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Giappon" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapan" title="Iapan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iapan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapon" title="Giapon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giapon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap%C9%94%CC%81" title="Zapɔ́ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zapɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ – laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonija" title="Japonija – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Japonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoneja" title="Japoneja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Japoneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81na" title="Japāna – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppang" title="Jeppang – madurés" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Jeppang" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Японмастор – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Японмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A0na" title="Japàna – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Japàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Японий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Японий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipono" title="Nipono – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nipono" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јапонија – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јапонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ജപ്പാൻ – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജപ്പാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯄꯥꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯄꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जपान – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जपान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jepun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0appun" title="Ġappun – maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġappun" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂျပန်နိုင်ငံ – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျပန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Япония Мастор – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Япония Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="جاپون – mazandaraní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جاپون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – napolitano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – baixo saxón" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo saxón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%97%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%94%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%AB" title="ߗ߭ߊߔߐ߲߫ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߗ߭ߊߔߐ߲߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane – ndebele meridional" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="ndebele meridional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane – sesotho do norte" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sesotho do norte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – chewa" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japounii" title="Japounii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Japounii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaappaan" title="Jaappaan – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Jaappaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଜାପାନ – odiá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜାପାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odiá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – ossetio" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜਪਾਨ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਪਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – pidgin nixeriano" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="pidgin nixeriano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapon" title="Giapon – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Giapon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιαπωνία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o" title="Japão – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Japão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dripun" title="Dripun – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Dripun" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun" title="Nihun – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nihun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapun" title="Giapun – romanche" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Giapun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon" title="Yapon – rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Yapon" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – aromanés" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuyapani" title="Ubuyapani – kiñaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuyapani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiñaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="जपान् – sánscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जपान्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sánscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дьоппуон – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьоппуон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapone" title="Giapone – sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Giapone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappuni" title="Giappuni – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giappuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1hpan" title="Jáhpan – saami setentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jáhpan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="saami setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap%C3%B6o" title="Zapöo – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Zapöo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇပၢၼ်ႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇပၢၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ජපානය – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජපානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Japonsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonska" title="Japonska – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Japonska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapani" title="Iapani – samoano" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iapani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapaan" title="Jaapaan – saami de Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jaapaan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="saami de Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabaan" title="Jabaan – somalí" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jabaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јапан – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јапан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJaphani" title="IJaphani – suazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IJaphani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="suazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane – sesotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sesotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C5%AF%C5%84ijo" title="Japůńijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Japůńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipun" title="Zipun – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Zipun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="யப்பான் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யப்பான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipun" title="Gipun – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Gipun" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಪಾನ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಪಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%93%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥓᥣᥱ ᥙᥣᥢᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥓᥣᥱ ᥙᥣᥢᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జపాన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జపాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaun" title="Japaun – tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Japaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷопон – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷопон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศญี่ปุ่น – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95" title="ጃፓን – tigriña" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጃፓን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigriña" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Daponi%C3%BDa" title="Ýaponiýa – turkmeno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýaponiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonij%C9%99" title="Japonijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Japonijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapani" title="Siapani – tongano" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Siapani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapan" title="Siapan – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Siapan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japonya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Tunux" title="Tanah Tunux – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Tanah Tunux" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81p%C5%8Dn%C4%93" title="Tāpōnē – tahitiano" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tāpōnē" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – tuvaniano" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvaniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – udmurto" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ياپونىيە – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ياپونىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonii" title="Japonii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Japonii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3n" title="Nhật Bản – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhật Bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap%C3%A4n" title="Yapän – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yapän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djapon" title="Djapon – valón" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djapon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapo%C5%8B" title="Sapoŋ – wólof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sapoŋ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wólof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8x%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B3" title="Ниxуудин Нутг – calmuco" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ниxуудин Нутг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmuco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJapani" title="IJapani – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJapani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იაპონია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="יאפאן – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאפאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyiedbonj" title="Nyiedbonj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nyiedbonj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ – tamazight marroquí estándar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquí estándar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn" title="Ji̍t-pún – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ji̍t-pún" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJaphani" title="IJaphani – zulú" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IJaphani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Ver o contido da páxina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Conversa:Xap%C3%B3n" rel="discussion" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Cita&page=Xap%C3%B3n&id=6848201&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre como citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXap%25C3%25B3n"><span>Xerar URL acurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXap%25C3%25B3n"><span>Descargar o código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Xap%C3%B3n"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Xap%C3%B3n&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&printable=yes" title="Versión para imprimir da páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros proxectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17" title="Ligazón ao elemento conectado no repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">agochar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-01-Artigo_de_calidade" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Artigos_de_calidade" title="Este é un artigo de calidade da Galipedia"><img alt="Este é un artigo de calidade da Galipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/20px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/30px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg/40px-Fairytale_bookmark_gold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-03-1000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lista_de_artigos_que_toda_Wikipedia_deber%C3%ADa_ter" title="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter"><img alt="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/22px-AD_%2B30.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/33px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/44px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-04-1000_artigos_icona_título" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikiproxecto_1000_artigos_de_calidade_para_alumnado_de_12_a_16_anos" title="1000 12/16"><img alt="1000 12/16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates-ind" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><span title="[[Coordenadas xeográficas|Coordenadas]]">Coord.:</span> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=gl&pagename=Xap%C3%B3n&params=35_N_136_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 35°N 136°L"><span class="latitude">35°N </span><span class="longitude">136°L</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 35 136"><span class="geo"><span class="latitude">35, </span><span class="longitude">136</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6843765">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_solid{background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_botton_top{border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#bae3ff;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;background:#bae3ff}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;width:40%;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output .infobox_captionstyle{font-size:90%}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6843765"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titlestyle"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Globe_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modelo:Xeografía política"><img alt="Modelo:Xeografía política" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/25px-Globe_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/38px-Globe_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/50px-Globe_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></span>Xapón</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data infobox_subheaderstyle" style="text-align:center"><span lang="ja">日本</span> (ja) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P1705" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6551663/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-right:50px;width:113px;max-width:113px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bandeira" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/111px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/167px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/222px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bandeira_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Bandeira do Xapón">Bandeira</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:76px;max-width:76px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Kamon_of_the_Imperial_House_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brasón" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kamon_of_the_Imperial_House_of_Japan.svg/74px-Kamon_of_the_Imperial_House_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kamon_of_the_Imperial_House_of_Japan.svg/111px-Kamon_of_the_Imperial_House_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kamon_of_the_Imperial_House_of_Japan.svg/148px-Kamon_of_the_Imperial_House_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Selo_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Selo do Xapón">Brasón</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6551595">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style><div class="img_toogle"> <div class="geobox"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Satellite_image_of_Japan_in_May_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imaxe"><img alt="Imaxe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Satellite_image_of_Japan_in_May_2003.jpg/242px-Satellite_image_of_Japan_in_May_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Satellite_image_of_Japan_in_May_2003.jpg/362px-Satellite_image_of_Japan_in_May_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Satellite_image_of_Japan_in_May_2003.jpg/483px-Satellite_image_of_Japan_in_May_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5800" data-file-height="7200" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Himno</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><i><a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a></i> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P85" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" 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class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lema</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">«<span lang="cy">Y Darganfod Diddiwedd</span>» <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P1451" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Símbolo oficial</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q425900" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q425900">Faisão-verde</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425900?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">aves</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q714716" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q714716">Sasakia charonda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bolboreta" title="Bolboreta">bolboreta</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">Sumo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deporte" title="Deporte">deporte</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15530181" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15530181">Chrysanthemum morifolium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flor" title="Flor">flor</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sakura_(%C3%A1rbore)" title="Sakura (árbore)">Sakura (árbore)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flor" title="Flor">flor</a>) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P2238" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alcume</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><span lang="ru">Страна Восходящего Солнца</span>, <span lang="ca">Terra del sol naixent</span>, <span lang="en">The Land of the Rising Sun</span>, <span lang="he">ארץ השמש העולה</span>, <span lang="de">Land der aufgehenden Sonne</span>, <span lang="ja">日出る国</span>, <span lang="fr">Pays du Soleil levant</span>, <span lang="uk">Країна Сонця, що сходить</span> e <span lang="cs">Země vycházejícího slunce</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P1449" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Epónimo</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Orto" title="Orto">Orto</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P138" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Localización</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Carte_japon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Carte_japon.jpg/220px-Carte_japon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Carte_japon.jpg/330px-Carte_japon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Carte_japon.jpg/440px-Carte_japon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1285" data-file-height="1357" /></a></span></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><table align="center" style="width:auto; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ficheiro:Japan_on_the_globe_(de-facto)_(Japan_centered).svg&lang=gl" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Japan_on_the_globe_%28de-facto%29_%28Japan_centered%29.svg/langgl-150px-Japan_on_the_globe_%28de-facto%29_%28Japan_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Japan_on_the_globe_%28de-facto%29_%28Japan_centered%29.svg/langgl-225px-Japan_on_the_globe_%28de-facto%29_%28Japan_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Japan_on_the_globe_%28de-facto%29_%28Japan_centered%29.svg/langgl-300px-Japan_on_the_globe_%28de-facto%29_%28Japan_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1246" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P242" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-zoom="4" data-lat="35" data-lon="136" data-overlays="["_fd89fda238406d4d6db570028dc248ef989178a1"]" href="/wiki/Especial:Map/4/35/136/gl"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,35,136,150x150.png?lang=gl&domain=gl.wikipedia.org&title=Xap%C3%B3n&revid=6848201&groups=_fd89fda238406d4d6db570028dc248ef989178a1" width="150" height="150" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,35,136,150x150@2x.png?lang=gl&domain=gl.wikipedia.org&title=Xap%C3%B3n&revid=6848201&groups=_fd89fda238406d4d6db570028dc248ef989178a1 2x" alt="Mapa" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><small> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=gl&pagename=Xap%C3%B3n&params=35_N_136_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 35°N 136°L"><span class="latitude">35°N </span><span class="longitude">136°L</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapas, fotos e outros datos de 35 136"><span class="geo"><span class="latitude">35, </span><span class="longitude">136</span></span></span></span></a></span></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a> <small>(1943–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P36" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contén a división administrativa</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1037393" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1037393">Hokkaido</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037393?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Aichi" title="Prefectura de Aichi">Prefectura de Aichi</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Akita" title="Prefectura de Akita">Prefectura de Akita</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P150" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>../... 47+</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Poboación</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Poboación</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">125.440.000 <small>(2022)<small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P1082" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (331,88 <small>hab./km²</small>)</small></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lingua oficial</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_xaponesa" title="Lingua xaponesa">lingua xaponesa</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P37" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relixión</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Xinto%C3%ADsmo" title="Xintoísmo">Xintoísmo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budismo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo">cristianismo</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P140" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Xeografía</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parte de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Oriental" title="Asia Oriental">Asia Oriental</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P361" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Superficie</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">377.972,28 km² <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P2046" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bañado por</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Mar_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Mar do Xapón">Mar do Xapón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico">Océano Pacífico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Okhotsk" title="Mar de Okhotsk">Mar de Ojotsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_da_China_Oriental" title="Mar da China Oriental">Mar da China Oriental</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Filipinas" title="Mar de Filipinas">Mar de Filipinas</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P206" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Punto máis alto</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Monte_Fuji" title="Monte Fuji">Monte Fuji</a> (3.776 m) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P610" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Punto máis baixo</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1364781" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1364781">Hachirōgata</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364781?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (−4 m) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P1589" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Comparte fronteira con</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div style="width:100%; background:transparent" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América">Estados Unidos de América</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Taiwán">Taiwán</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" title="República Popular da China">República Popular da China</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Corea_do_Sur" title="Corea do Sur">Corea do Sur</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas">Filipinas</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Unión Soviética">Unión Soviética</a> <small>(–1991) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P47" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Datos históricos</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precedido por</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Imperio_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Imperio do Xapón">Imperio do Xapón</a> e <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11602290" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q11602290">Second Shō Dynasty</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11602290?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P1365" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creación</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><b> 3 de maio de 1947</b>:  (<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q237082" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q237082">Constituição do Japão</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237082?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P571" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div style="width:100%; background:transparent" align="left"><b>Evento clave</b></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><table><tbody><tr><td class="infobox-label">5 de setembro de 1905</td><td><a href="/wiki/Guerra_ruso-xaponesa" title="Guerra ruso-xaponesa">Guerra ruso-xaponesa</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">2 de setembro de 1945</td><td><a href="/wiki/Segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Segunda guerra mundial">segunda guerra mundial</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">8 de setembro de 1951</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7445004" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7445004">Tratado de Segurança entre Estados Unidos e Japão</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445004?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">8 de setembro de 1951</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q392541" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q392541">Tratado de São Francisco</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392541?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">27 de xullo de 1953</td><td><a href="/wiki/Guerra_de_Corea" title="Guerra de Corea">Guerra de Corea</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">19 de xaneiro de 1960</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q694604" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q694604">Tratado de Cooperação Mútua e Segurança entre os Estados Unidos e o Japão</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694604?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">1964</td><td><a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_1964" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1964">Xogos Olímpicos de 1964</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kanagawa" title="Prefectura de Kanagawa">Prefectura de Kanagawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Saitama" title="Prefectura de Saitama">Prefectura de Saitama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Chiba" title="Prefectura de Chiba">Prefectura de Chiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Nagano" title="Prefectura de Nagano">Prefectura de Nagano</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">1970</td><td><a href="/wiki/Exposici%C3%B3n_Universal_de_Osaca_de_1970" title="Exposición Universal de Osaca de 1970">Exposición Universal de Osaca de 1970</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">febreiro de 1972</td><td><a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno_de_1972" title="Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 1972">Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 1972</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">15 de maio de 1972</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5367188" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5367188">transferência da soberania sobre Oquinaua</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5367188?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">marzo de 1991</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17208829" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q17208829">1991 Japanese Recession</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17208829?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">17 de xaneiro de 1995</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214866" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q214866">Sismo de Kobe</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214866?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">febreiro de 1998</td><td><a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno_de_1998" title="Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 1998">Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 1998</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">30 de setembro de 1999</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1377385" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1377385">Acidente nuclear de Tokaimura</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377385?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">2002</td><td><a href="/wiki/Mundial_de_F%C3%BAtbol_de_2002" title="Mundial de Fútbol de 2002">Mundial de Fútbol Corea/Xapón 2002</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">marzo de 2011</td><td><a href="/wiki/Accidentes_nucleares_de_Fukushima_I" title="Accidentes nucleares de Fukushima I">Accidentes nucleares de Fukushima</a></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">11 de marzo de 2011</td><td><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1136168" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1136168">Aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136168?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="infobox-label">2021</td><td><a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_2020" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 2020">Xogos Olímpicos de 2020</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a>) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P793" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Día festivo</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div style="width:100%; background:transparent" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q483226" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q483226">Coming of Age Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483226?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15056896" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15056896">segundo luns de xaneiro</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1059995" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1059995">Dia da Fundação Nacional do Japão</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059995?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/11_de_febreiro" title="11 de febreiro">11 de febreiro</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1049141" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1049141">Vernal Equinox Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049141?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/20_de_marzo" title="20 de marzo">20 de marzo</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1361434" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1361434">Shōwa Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361434?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/29_de_abril" title="29 de abril">29 de abril</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1361489" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1361489">Constitution Memorial Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361489?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/3_de_maio" title="3 de maio">3 de maio</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1355051" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1355051">Greenery Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355051?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/4_de_maio" title="4 de maio">4 de maio</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1145630" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1145630">Children's Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145630?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/5_de_maio" title="5 de maio">5 de maio</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1355833" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1355833">Dia dos Marinheiros</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355833?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15056998" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15056998">terceiro luns de xullo</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1186127" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1186127">Respect for the Aged Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186127?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/15_de_setembro" title="15 de setembro">15 de setembro</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1186410" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1186410">Autumnal Equinox Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186410?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1200436" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1200436">Qiufen</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200436?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1359602" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1359602">Sports Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359602?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14827175" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q14827175">segundo luns de outubro</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1009535" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1009535">Dia da Cultura</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1009535?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/3_de_novembro" title="3 de novembro">3 de novembro</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82405" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q82405">Labor Thanksgiving Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82405?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/23_de_novembro" title="23 de novembro">23 de novembro</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q72318" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q72318">Aniversário do Imperador</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72318?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/23_de_febreiro" title="23 de febreiro">23 de febreiro</a>)<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17218111" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q17218111">Mountain Day</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17218111?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> (<a href="/wiki/11_de_agosto" title="11 de agosto">11 de agosto</a>) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P832" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Organización política</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Forma de goberno</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa_constitucional" title="Monarquía constitucional">monarquía constitucional</a> <small>(1947–sen valor) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P122" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• Emperador <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P1906" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> <small>(2019–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P35" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Órgano executivo</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1190574" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1190574">Governo do Japão</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190574?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P208" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• Primeiro ministro <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P1313" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Shigeru Ishiba</a> <small>(2024–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P6" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Órgano lexislativo</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Kokkai" title="Kokkai">Kokkai</a> , <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P194" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Máxima autoridade xudicial</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1142255" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1142255">Suprema Corte do Japão</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142255?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P209" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membro de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_para_a_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_e_o_Desenvolvemento_Econ%C3%B3mico" title="Organización para a Cooperación e o Desenvolvemento Económico">Organización para a Cooperación e o Desenvolvemento Económico</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q826700" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q826700">Agência Internacional de Energia</a> <sup>(pt)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826700?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5611262" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5611262">Grupo para as observacións da Terra</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P463" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>../... 32+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">PIB nominal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">5.005.536.736.792 $ (2021) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P2131" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Moeda</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Ien" title="Ien">Ien</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P38" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Identificador descritivo</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fuso horario</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q909085" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q909085">fuso horario estándar do Xapón</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q63285941" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q63285941">Asia/Tokyo</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63285941?uselang=gl" title="Traducir"><img alt="Traducir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7041" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7041">UTC+09:00</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P421" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dominio de primeiro nivel</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/.jp" title=".jp">.jp</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P78" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prefixo telefónico</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">+81 <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P474" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Teléfono de emerxencia</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2807090" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q2807090">119</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25648823" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q25648823">110</a> e <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11185210" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q11185210">118</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P2852" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Código de país</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">JP <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#P297" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/JapanGov?lang=gl" title="Twitter: JapanGov" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Twitter: JapanGov" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/20px-X_logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/30px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/40px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://datos.bne.es/persona/XX450954" title="BNE: XX450954" rel="nofollow"><img alt="BNE: XX450954" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/20px-BNE_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/30px-BNE_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BNE_logo.svg/40px-BNE_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17?uselang=gl#identifiers" title="Editar o valor en Wikidata"><img alt="Editar o valor en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small noprint selfref" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit;width: 22em;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/29px-Nihongo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/44px-Nihongo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/58px-Nihongo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1147" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="vertical-align:middle; font-size:95%;">Este artigo amosa <a href="/wiki/Lingua_xaponesa" title="Lingua xaponesa">escritos xaponeses</a>. Sen o <a href="/wiki/Axuda:Caracteres_especiais" title="Axuda:Caracteres especiais">soporte axeitado</a>, o texto pode mostrar símbolos sen sentido, coma caixas, marcas e outros.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>O <b>Xapón</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> (en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_xaponesa" title="Lingua xaponesa">xaponés</a>: <span lang="ja">日本</span> <i>Nihon</i> ou <i>Nippon</i>; oficialmente 日本国, <i>Nihon-koku</i> <i><span class="unicode" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg" title="Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg"><img alt="Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg" class="internal" title="Ja-nippon nihonkoku.ogg">Nippon-koku</a></span></i>, literalmente: "Estado do Xapón") é un <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_insular" title="País insular">país insular</a> situado no <a href="/wiki/Extremo_Oriente" title="Extremo Oriente">Extremo Oriente</a> <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">asiático</a>. Circundado polo leste polo <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico">océano Pacífico</a> e polo oeste polo <a href="/wiki/Mar_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Mar do Xapón">mar do Xapón</a>, ao oeste está a <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" title="República Popular da China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corea_do_Norte" title="Corea do Norte">Corea do Norte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corea_do_Sur" title="Corea do Sur">Corea do Sur</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, estendéndose dende o <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Okhotsk" title="Mar de Okhotsk">mar de Okhotsk</a> ao norte, até o <a href="/wiki/Mar_da_China_Oriental" title="Mar da China Oriental">mar da China Oriental</a> e <a href="/wiki/Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Taiwán">Taiwán</a> ao sur. Os <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">caracteres</a> que compoñen o nome do Xapón significan 'sol orixe', polo que o país é chamado ás veces a "Terra do Sol Nacente". </p><p>O país nipón é un <a href="/wiki/Arquip%C3%A9lago" title="Arquipélago">arquipélago</a> <a href="/wiki/Estratovolc%C3%A1n" title="Estratovolcán">estratovolcánico</a> composto por 6 852 <a href="/wiki/Illa" title="Illa">illas</a>. As catro maiores e <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_illas_por_superficie" title="Lista de illas por superficie">principais illas</a> son <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a> e <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a>, que en conxunto constitúen aproximadamente o 97% da superficie terrestre nacional. O Xapón é ademais o <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_poboaci%C3%B3n" title="Lista de países por poboación">décimo país máis poboado do mundo</a>, con máis de 127 millóns de habitantes. Na súa capital <a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a> residen máis de 9 millóns de persoas,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> sendo a sexta cidade con maior poboación do mundo,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> e a súa <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rea_metropolitana" title="Área metropolitana">área metropolitana</a> é a concentración urbana maior do mundo, con máis de 36 millóns de habitantes.<sup id="cite_ref-metrotokyo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metrotokyo-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Investigacións <a href="/wiki/Arqueolox%C3%ADa" title="Arqueoloxía">arqueolóxicas</a> indican que as illas estaban habitadas xa no <a href="/wiki/Paleol%C3%ADtico_superior" title="Paleolítico superior">Paleolítico superior</a>, aínda que non hai ningunha referencia escrita que fale do Xapón até o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_I" title="Século I">século I</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Historia_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Historia do Xapón">historia do Xapón</a> caracterízase pola influencia doutras rexións, principalmente a <a href="/wiki/Historia_da_China" title="Historia da China">China</a> e posteriormente a <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> occidental. Dende o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII">século XII</a> até o ano <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a> o Xapón foi gobernado por sucesivas <a href="/wiki/Ditadura" title="Ditadura">ditaduras</a> <a href="/wiki/Militar" title="Militar">militares</a> <a href="/wiki/Feudalismo" title="Feudalismo">feudais</a> (<i>shogunatos</i>) en nome do <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_emperadores_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Lista de emperadores do Xapón">emperador</a>. Este longo período de illamento no que estaba somerxido non terminou até o ano <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a> cando unha frota dos <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América">Estados Unidos</a> exerceu a presión para forzar a apertura do país a <a href="/wiki/Occidente" title="Occidente">Occidente</a>. Logo de case dúas décadas de conflito interno e insurrección, o <a href="/wiki/Era_Meiji" title="Era Meiji">emperador Meiji</a> foi restituído como <a href="/wiki/Xefe_de_Estado" title="Xefe de Estado">xefe de Estado</a> en <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>. Este proclamou o <a href="/wiki/Imperio_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Imperio do Xapón">Imperio do Xapón</a> e converteuse no símbolo divino da nación. A finais do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX">século XIX</a> e comezos do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">XX</a>, unha serie de vitorias na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primeira_guerra_sino-xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primeira guerra sino-xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">primeira guerra sino-xaponesa</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Guerra_ruso-xaponesa" title="Guerra ruso-xaponesa">guerra ruso-xaponesa</a> e na <a href="/wiki/Primeira_guerra_mundial" title="Primeira guerra mundial">primeira guerra mundial</a> permitiron ampliar o territorio do Imperio durante un período de crecente militarismo. A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segunda_guerra_sino-xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segunda guerra sino-xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">segunda guerra sino-xaponesa</a> de 1937 espallouse ata formar parte da <a href="/wiki/Segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Segunda guerra mundial">segunda guerra mundial</a> no 1941, rematando no <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> tralo <a href="/wiki/Bombardeo_at%C3%B3mico_de_Hiroshima_e_Nagasaki" title="Bombardeo atómico de Hiroshima e Nagasaki">bombardeo atómico de Hiroshima e Nagasaki</a>. Dende a adopción da Constitución revisada de <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>, o Xapón mantén unha <a href="/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa_constitucional" title="Monarquía constitucional">monarquía constitucional</a> <a href="/wiki/Estado_unitario" title="Estado unitario">unitaria</a>, cun <a href="/wiki/Emperador_do_Xap%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperador do Xapón">emperador</a> (<i>Tennō</i>) e un <a href="/wiki/Parlamento" title="Parlamento">parlamento</a> <a href="/wiki/Democracia" title="Democracia">democrático</a> chamado <a href="/wiki/Kokkai" title="Kokkai">Kokkai</a>, no sistema coñecido como <a href="/wiki/Dieta_do_Xap%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieta do Xapón">Dieta do Xapón</a>. </p><p>Xapón é membro das <a href="/wiki/Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacións Unidas">Nacións Unidas</a>, do <a href="/w/index.php?title=G7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G7 (a páxina aínda non existe)">G7</a>, do <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a> e do <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>, e está considerado unha das principais <a href="/wiki/Potencia_mundial" title="Potencia mundial">potencias mundiais</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Balance_of_Power_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balance_of_Power-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Joshua_Baron_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshua_Baron-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> No 2015 era o terceiro país do mundo por <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_nominal" title="Lista de países por PIB nominal">PIB nominal</a> e o cuarto por <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_(PPA)" title="Lista de países por PIB (PPA)">PIB de paridade de poder adquisitivo</a>, así como o cuarto maior exportador e importador mundial. Aínda que o Xapón renunciou oficialmente ao seu dereito a declarar a <a href="/wiki/Guerra" title="Guerra">guerra</a>, mantén unha forza militar moderna usada para funcións de autodefensa e mantemento da paz, cuns dos maiores orzamentos mundiais. É un <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_desenvolvido" title="País desenvolvido">país desenvolvido</a> cun alto nivel de vida e un <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_Desenvolvemento_Humano" title="Índice de Desenvolvemento Humano">Índice de Desenvolvemento Humano</a> alto, coa maior <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_de_vida" title="Esperanza de vida">esperanza de vida</a> e a terceira menor <a href="/wiki/Mortalidade_infantil" title="Mortalidade infantil">mortalidade infantil</a> do mundo, na primeira posición en canto a número de <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel" class="mw-redirect" title="Premio Nobel">premiados co Nobel</a> de <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> É o primeiro país no <i>Global Competitiveness Report</i> de 2015-2016<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> e o primeiro país asiático no <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndice_Global_de_Paz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Índice Global de Paz (a páxina aínda non existe)">Índice Global de Paz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Foi tamén o primeiro país de Asia anfitrión duns <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos" title="Xogos Olímpicos">Xogos Olímpicos</a> de <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_1964" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1964">verán</a> e <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno_de_1972" title="Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 1972">inverno</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloxía"><span id="Etimolox.C3.ADa"></span>Etimoloxía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Etimoloxía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Etimoloxía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O vocábulo Xapón (<i>Nippon/Nihon</i> 日本<span style="font-weight: normal"></span>, significado literal: 'a orixe do sol'),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> deriva da pronuncia <a href="/wiki/Lingua_chinesa" title="Lingua chinesa">chinesa</a> do nome. O <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">carácter</a> 日 é a evolución dun <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo" title="Círculo">círculo</a> cun punto central que representa ao sol, e 本 representa a <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ADz" title="Raíz">raíz</a> dunha <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rbore" title="Árbore">árbore</a> e tamén ten o significado de orixe. A expresión «País do Sol Nacente» ou «Terra do Sol Nacente» fai referencia a esta <a href="/wiki/Etimolox%C3%ADa" title="Etimoloxía">etimoloxía</a> do nome en xaponés.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Antes de que <i>Nihon</i> pasase a ser de uso oficial, Xapón era coñecido como <i>Wa</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">倭</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span> ou <i>Wakoku</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">倭国</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O nome en xaponés, <i>Nippon</i>, é utilizado en <a href="/wiki/Selo_postal" title="Selo postal">selos</a> e en eventos <a href="/wiki/Deporte" title="Deporte">deportivos</a> internacionais,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> mentres que <i>Nihon</i> é empregado máis comunmente dentro do Xapón.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> A versión <a href="/wiki/Occidente" title="Occidente">occidental</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lingua_galega" title="Lingua galega">galega</a>, <i>Xapón</i>, provén do nome chinés. Na <a href="/wiki/Lingua_malaia" title="Lingua malaia">lingua malaia</a> a palabra chinesa transformouse en <i>Jepang</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> e foi máis tarde adoptada polos mercadores <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portugueses</a> do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVI" title="Século XVI">século XVI</a> que foron os primeiros en introducir o nome en <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Historia_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Historia do Xapón">Historia do Xapón</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoria_e_antigüidade"><span id="Prehistoria_e_antig.C3.BCidade"></span>Prehistoria e antigüidade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Prehistoria e antigüidade»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Prehistoria e antigüidade"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:JarWithSpiralsFinalJomonKamegaokaStyle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/JarWithSpiralsFinalJomonKamegaokaStyle.jpg/220px-JarWithSpiralsFinalJomonKamegaokaStyle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/JarWithSpiralsFinalJomonKamegaokaStyle.jpg/330px-JarWithSpiralsFinalJomonKamegaokaStyle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/JarWithSpiralsFinalJomonKamegaokaStyle.jpg/440px-JarWithSpiralsFinalJomonKamegaokaStyle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption>Ola do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_J%C5%8Dmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Jōmon (a páxina aínda non existe)">período Jōmon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Os primeiros rexistros culturais coñecidos de habitantes no arquipélago xaponés datan do ano 30 000 a. C. aproximadamente.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Esta cultura primitiva foi seguida ao redor do ano 14 000 por unha cultura <a href="/wiki/Sedentarismo" title="Sedentarismo">semi-sedentaria</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesol%C3%ADtico" title="Mesolítico">mesolítica</a>-<a href="/wiki/Neol%C3%ADtico" title="Neolítico">neolítica</a>, incluíndo antepasados dos <a href="/wiki/Pobo_ainu" title="Pobo ainu">ainu</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pobo_yamato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pobo yamato (a páxina aínda non existe)">yamato</a> contemporáneos,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> marcando o comezo do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_J%C5%8Dmon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Jōmon (a páxina aínda non existe)">período Jōmon</a> caracterizado por unha <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> rudimentaria.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> Consérvanse exemplares de utensilios e recipientes de barro procedentes deste período que están entre os máis antigos do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Ó redor do ano 300 a. C. o pobo Yayoi comezou a entrar nas illas xaponesas, mesturándose co pobo Jōmon.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> Este <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_Yayoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Yayoi (a páxina aínda non existe)">período Yayoi</a> deu lugar á introdución de prácticas como a agricultura en mollado do <a href="/wiki/Arroz" title="Arroz">arroz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> un novo estilo de <a href="/wiki/Olar%C3%ADa" title="Olaría">olaría</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> e <a href="/wiki/Metalurxia" title="Metalurxia">metalurxia</a>, procedentes da <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> e <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">Corea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O primeiro rexistro escrito no que aparece Xapón dáse na obra chinesa chamada o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libro_de_Han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libro de Han (a páxina aínda non existe)">Libro de Han</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> Segundo outro texto histórico chinés, os <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexistros_dos_Tres_Reinos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexistros dos Tres Reinos (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rexistros dos Tres Reinos</a></i>, o reino máis poderoso no arquipélago xaponés durante o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_III" title="Século III">século III</a> chamábase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamatai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamatai (a páxina aínda non existe)">Yamatai</a>, e estaba gobernado pola monarca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himiko (a páxina aínda non existe)">Himiko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budismo</a> introduciuse por primeira vez no Xapón procedente de <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">Corea</a>, e tivo a promoción do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8Dtoku_Taishi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shōtoku Taishi (a páxina aínda non existe)">príncipe Shōtoku</a>, aínda que o subsecuente desenvolvemento do budismo xaponés tivo a súa influencia principal na <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> Malia a resistencia inicial, o budismo fomentouse dende a clase gobernante e gañou unha aceptación xeral no comezo do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_Asuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Asuka (a páxina aínda non existe)">período Asuka</a> (592-710).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> Trala morte do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8Dtoku_Taishi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shōtoku Taishi (a páxina aínda non existe)">emperador Shōtoku</a> no ano <a href="/wiki/622" title="622">622</a> e tras un período de <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civil" title="Guerra civil">guerras civís</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_K%C5%8Dtoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador Kōtoku (a páxina aínda non existe)">emperador Kōtoku</a> deu inicio á reforma de Taika,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> na que se nacionalizou toda a terra do Xapón para distribuíla de forma equitativa entre os agricultores, e na que se ordenou unha compilación dun rexistro de vivendas como base para un novo sistema de recadación de <a href="/wiki/Imposto" title="Imposto">impostos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Nara" title="Período Nara">período Nara</a> (710-784) estivo marcado polo xurdimento dun estado xaponés centralizado, co seu centro na Corte Imperial de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palacio_Heij%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palacio Heijō (a páxina aínda non existe)">Heijō-kyō</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nara" title="Nara">Nara</a>). Este período caracterízase pola aparición dunha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">literatura</a> nacente así como polo desenvolvemento da arte e arquitectura de inspiración budista.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> Nesta época Xapón sufriu unha serie de desastres naturais, incluíndo incendios, secas, fame e varias enfermidades, como unha epidemia de <a href="/wiki/Var%C3%ADola" title="Varíola">varíola</a> entre os anos 735 e 737, na que se estima que faleceu entre un cuarto e un terzo da poboación do país naquel tempo.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> No ano 784 o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_Kanmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador Kanmu (a páxina aínda non existe)">emperador Kanmu</a> trasladou a capital dende Nara ata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nagaoka-ky%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nagaoka-kyō (a páxina aínda non existe)">Nagaoka-kyō</a> para posteriormente movela de novo a Heian-kyō (<a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>) no ano 794.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg/220px-Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg/330px-Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg/440px-Horyu-ji11s3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2142" /></a><figcaption>Edificio principal e <a href="/wiki/Pagode" title="Pagode">pagode</a> do templo <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-ji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hōryū-ji (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hōryū-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_da_Humanidade" title="Patrimonio da Humanidade">Patrimonio da Humanidade</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Isto marcou o comezo do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_Heian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Heian (a páxina aínda non existe)">período Heian</a> (794-1185), no que xurdiu unha cultura xaponesa indíxena, destacada pola súa <a href="/wiki/Arte_xaponesa" title="Arte xaponesa">arte</a>, olaría e <a href="/wiki/Prosa" title="Prosa">prosa</a>. A obra de <a href="/wiki/Murasaki_Shikibu" title="Murasaki Shikibu">Murasaki Shikibu</a> 源氏物語<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja"><i><a href="/wiki/Genji_Monogatari" title="Genji Monogatari">Genji Monogatari</a></i></span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-genji_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genji-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> e as letras do himno nacional do Xapón, o <i><a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a></i>, foron escritas nesta época.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> Durante este período o poder da Corte Imperial foi en declive. A Corte centrouse en loitas de poder internas e nos intereses artísticos dos nobres, non prestando suficiente atención á administración e goberno fóra da capital.<sup id="cite_ref-fujiwara_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fujiwara-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> O budismo seguiu espallándose neste período principalmente a través de dúas seitas principais, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tendai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tendai (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tendai</a> do monxe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saich%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saichō (a páxina aínda non existe)">Saichō</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shingon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shingon (a páxina aínda non existe)">Shingon</a> do monxe <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABkai" title="Kūkai">Kūkai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budismo_Terra_Pura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budismo Terra Pura (a páxina aínda non existe)">budismo Terra Pura</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C5%8Ddo-sh%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jōdo-shū (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jōdo-shū</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C5%8Ddo_Shinsh%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jōdo Shinshū (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jōdo Shinshū</a>) acadou unha gran popularidade no final do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XI" title="Século XI">século XI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No ano 1156 xurdiu unha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebeli%C3%B3n_H%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebelión Hōgen (a páxina aínda non existe)">disputa sobre a sucesión ao trono</a> na que os dous pretendentes rivais (o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_Go-Shirakawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador Go-Shirakawa (a páxina aínda non existe)">emperador Go-Shirakawa</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_Sutoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador Sutoku (a páxina aínda non existe)">emperador Sutoku</a>) contrataron os clans Taira e Minamoto procurando obter o trono pola forza. Durante a guerra que sucedeu, o clan Taira liderado por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taira_no_Kiyomori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taira no Kiyomori (a páxina aínda non existe)">Taira no Kiyomori</a> derrotou ao clan Minamoto. O resultado da guerra deu lugar a unha rivalidade entre ámbolos dous clans, que provocou a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebeli%C3%B3n_Heiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebelión Heiji (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rebelión Heiji</a> no ano 1160.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> O clan Minamoto, liderado por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minamoto_no_Yoritomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Yoritomo</a>, conseguiu a vitoria decisiva no ano 1185 na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalla_de_Dan-no-ura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalla de Dan-no-ura (a páxina aínda non existe)">Batalla de Dan-no-ura</a>, e Yoritomo e as súas forzas pasaron a ser os rexedores <i>de facto</i> do Xapón.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_feudal">Era feudal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Era feudal»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Era feudal"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba_Mongol_Invasion_Takezaki_Suenaga_2_Page_5-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba_Mongol_Invasion_Takezaki_Suenaga_2_Page_5-7.jpg/300px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba_Mongol_Invasion_Takezaki_Suenaga_2_Page_5-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba_Mongol_Invasion_Takezaki_Suenaga_2_Page_5-7.jpg/450px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba_Mongol_Invasion_Takezaki_Suenaga_2_Page_5-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba_Mongol_Invasion_Takezaki_Suenaga_2_Page_5-7.jpg/600px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba_Mongol_Invasion_Takezaki_Suenaga_2_Page_5-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9586" data-file-height="3176" /></a><figcaption>Samurais loitando nas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasi%C3%B3ns_Mongois_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasións Mongois do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">invasións Mongois</a>, obra de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takezaki_Suenaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takezaki Suenaga (a páxina aínda non existe)">Takezaki Suenaga</a>, 1293</figcaption></figure> <p>A era feudal do Xapón caracterizouse polo xurdimento e dominación da clase gobernante de guerreiros, os <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> En 1185 o samurai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minamoto_no_Yoritomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a> foi nomeado <a href="/wiki/Shogun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shogun">shogun</a> polo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_Go-Toba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador Go-Toba (a páxina aínda non existe)">emperador Go-Toba</a>, establecendo a súa base en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamakura,_Kanagawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamakura, Kanagawa (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kamakura</a>. Trala súa morte, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clan_H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clan Hōjō (a páxina aínda non existe)">clan Hōjō</a> chegou ao poder coma rexentes dos shoguns.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> A escola de budismo <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">zen</a> introduciuse dende a China no <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Kamakura" title="Período Kamakura">período Kamakura</a> (1185-1333) e tornouse popular entre a clase samurai.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogunato_Kamakura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shogunato Kamakura (a páxina aínda non existe)">shogunato Kamakura</a> repeleu as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasi%C3%B3ns_Mongois_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasións Mongois do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">invasións Mongois</a> de <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> nos anos 1274 e 1281, pero foi eventualmente derrocado na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Restauraci%C3%B3n_Kenmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Restauración Kenmu (a páxina aínda non existe)">Restauración Kenmu</a> por parte do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_Go-Daigo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador Go-Daigo (a páxina aínda non existe)">emperador Go-Daigo</a>, quen posteriormente foi derrotado por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashikaga_Takauji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashikaga Takauji (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ashikaga Takauji</a> no ano 1336.<sup id="cite_ref-Henshall41_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henshall41-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ashikaga Takauji estableceu o shogunato en Muromachi, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, dando así comezo ao <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Muromachi" title="Período Muromachi">período Muromachi</a> (1336-1573).<sup id="cite_ref-Henshall41_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henshall41-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogunato_Ashikaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shogunato Ashikaga (a páxina aínda non existe)">shogunato Ashikaga</a> acadou o seu punto culminante na época de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashikaga_Yoshimitsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ashikaga Yoshimitsu</a>, e a cultura baseada no budismo zen seguiu prosperando.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> Isto deu paso á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_Higashiyama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Higashiyama (a páxina aínda non existe)">cultura Higashiyama</a>, que continuou ata o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVI" title="Século XVI">século XVI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> Por outra banda, o shogunato Ashikaga non conseguiu controlar os xefes de guerra feudais (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daimyo (a páxina aínda non existe)">daimyo</a></i>), dando lugar a unha guerra civil (a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guerra_%C5%8Cnin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guerra Ōnin (a páxina aínda non existe)">guerra Ōnin</a>) no ano 1467 que marcou o comezo do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_Sengoku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Sengoku (a páxina aínda non existe)">período Sengoku</a> ('Estados en guerra').<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg/220px-Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg/330px-Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg/440px-Map_Japan_Genki1-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Mapa das principais familias <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daimyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daimyo (a páxina aínda non existe)">daimyo</a> no 1570</figcaption></figure> <p>Durante o século XVI, comerciantes e misioneiros <a href="/wiki/Sociedade_de_Xes%C3%BAs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociedade de Xesús">xesuítas</a> procedentes de <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> chegaron ao Xapón por primeira vez, iniciando un intercambio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comercio_Nanban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comercio Nanban (a páxina aínda non existe)">comercial</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arte_Nanban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arte Nanban (a páxina aínda non existe)">cultural</a> directo entre o Xapón e occidente.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> Isto permitiulle a <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a> obter tecnoloxía e <a href="/wiki/Arma_de_fogo" title="Arma de fogo">armas de fogo</a> occidentais, que empregou para conquistar a moitos outros daimyos. A consolidación do seu poder deu comezo ao que se coñece como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_Azuchi-Momoyama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Azuchi-Momoyama (a páxina aínda non existe)">período Azuchi-Momoyama</a> (15731603).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> Tralo seu asasinato no ano 1582, o seu sucesor <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> unificou a nación en 1590 e levou a cabo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasi%C3%B3ns_xaponesas_de_Corea_(1592%E2%80%9398)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasións xaponesas de Corea (1592–98) (a páxina aínda non existe)">dúas invasións de Corea</a> sen éxito nos anos 1592 e 1597.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_108_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_108-55"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull,_Stephen_1598,_page_85_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull,_Stephen_1598,_page_85-56"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> actuou como rexente do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyotomi_Hideyori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toyotomi Hideyori (a páxina aínda non existe)">fillo</a> de Hideyoshi e usou a súa posición para gañar apoios políticos e militares. Na guerra que tivo lugar, conseguiu derrotar os clans rivais na <a href="/wiki/Batalla_de_Sekigahara" title="Batalla de Sekigahara">Batalla de Sekigahara</a> no ano 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup> Tokugawa Ieyasu foi nomeado shogun polo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperador_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperador Go-Yōzei (a páxina aínda non existe)">emperador Go-Yōzei</a> en 1603, e estableceu o <a href="/wiki/Shogunato_Tokugawa" title="Shogunato Tokugawa">shogunato Tokugawa</a> en Edo (<a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> Este shogunato ditaminou medidas como o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buke_shohatto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buke shohatto (a páxina aínda non existe)">buke shohatto</a></i>, un código de conduta para controlar os daimyo autónomos,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> e a política isolacionista <i><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">sakoku</a></i> ("país pechado") no 1639, que deron lugar a máis de 250 anos de tenue unidade política coñecidos como o <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo">período Edo</a> (1603-1868).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup> O estudo das ciencias occidentais, coñecido como <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangaku (a páxina aínda non existe)">rangaku</a></i>, continuou a través do contacto co enclave <a href="/wiki/Holanda_(rexi%C3%B3n)" title="Holanda (rexión)">holandés</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dejima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dejima (a páxina aínda non existe)">Dejima</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> e tamén comezou neste período o chamado <i><a href="/wiki/Kokugaku" title="Kokugaku">kokugaku</a></i> ("estudos nacionais"), o estudo do Xapón por parte dos <a href="/wiki/Pobo_xapon%C3%A9s" title="Pobo xaponés">xaponeses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Época_moderna"><span id=".C3.89poca_moderna"></span>Época moderna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Época moderna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Época moderna"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O 31 de marzo de 1854 o Comodoro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_C._Perry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew C. Perry (a páxina aínda non existe)">Matthew C. Perry</a> e as chamadas <i>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Ships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Ships (a páxina aínda non existe)">Black Ships</a>"</i> da <a href="/wiki/Armada_dos_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Armada dos Estados Unidos de América">Armada dos Estados Unidos de América</a> forzaron a apertura do Xapón cara ao mundo exterior por medio do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tratado_de_Kanagawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tratado de Kanagawa (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tratado de Kanagawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup> Varios tratados posteriores con países occidentais no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_Bakumatsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Bakumatsu (a páxina aínda non existe)">período Bakumatsu</a> provocaron diversas crises políticas e económicas no país.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup> A resignación do shogun deu lugar á <a href="/wiki/Guerra_Boshin" title="Guerra Boshin">Guerra Boshin</a> e ao establecemento dun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abolici%C3%B3n_do_sistema_han&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abolición do sistema han (a páxina aínda non existe)">estado centralizado</a> unificado baixo o emperador, coñecido co nome de <a href="/wiki/Restauraci%C3%B3n_Meiji" title="Restauración Meiji">Restauración Meiji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adoptando sistemas e institucións políticas, xudiciais e militares procedentes de occidente, introduciuse no país a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n_Meiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitución Meiji (a páxina aínda non existe)">Constitución Meiji</a> e constituíuse a <a href="/wiki/Kokkai" title="Kokkai">Dieta Imperial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup> A Restauración Meiji transformou o <a href="/wiki/Imperio_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Imperio do Xapón">Imperio do Xapón</a> nunha potencia mundial industrializada que comezou a procurar o conflito militar como medio de espallar a súa esfera de influencia.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup> Tralas vitorias na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primeira_Guerra_sino-xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primeira Guerra sino-xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">primeira guerra sino-xaponesa</a> (1894-1895) e na <a href="/wiki/Guerra_ruso-xaponesa" title="Guerra ruso-xaponesa">guerra ruso-xaponesa</a>, Xapón gañou o control de <a href="/wiki/Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Taiwán">Taiwán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">Corea</a> e a metade sur de <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup> Neste tempo a poboación do Xapón medrou dende os 35 millóns de habitantes no ano 1873 ata os 70 millóns no ano 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg/220px-Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg/330px-Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg/440px-Atomic_cloud_over_Hiroshima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2491" data-file-height="2937" /></a><figcaption>Nube de fume resultante do <a href="/wiki/Bombardeo_at%C3%B3mico_de_Hiroshima_e_Nagasaki" title="Bombardeo atómico de Hiroshima e Nagasaki">bombardeo atómico de Hiroshima</a></figcaption></figure> <p>No comezo do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a> Xapón tivo un breve período de "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_Taish%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Período Taishō (a páxina aínda non existe)">democracia Taishō</a>", ensombrecida polo cada vez maior <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expansionismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expansionismo (a páxina aínda non existe)">expansionismo</a> e militarización do país.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span>[</span>70<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Primeira_guerra_mundial" title="Primeira guerra mundial">primeira guerra mundial</a> permitiulle ao Xapón, como parte dos <a href="/wiki/Aliados_da_primeira_guerra_mundial" title="Aliados da primeira guerra mundial">Aliados</a> vitoriosos, ampliar a súa dominación territorial e a súa esfera de influencia..<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span>[</span>71<span>]</span></a></sup> Continuou a súa política expansionista ocupando <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> no ano 1931. Como resultado da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Informe_Lytton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Informe Lytton (a páxina aínda non existe)">condena internacional</a> desta ocupación, Xapón abandonou a <a href="/wiki/Liga_de_Naci%C3%B3ns" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga de Nacións">Liga de Nacións</a> dous anos despois.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span>[</span>72<span>]</span></a></sup> En 1936 Xapón asinou o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacto_Anti-Comintern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacto Anti-Comintern (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pacto Anti-Comintern</a> coa <a href="/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a_Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemaña Nazi">Alemaña Nazi</a>, e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacto_Tripartito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacto Tripartito (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pacto Tripartito</a> de 1940 converteuno nunha das <a href="/wiki/Potencias_do_Eixe" title="Potencias do Eixe">potencias do Eixe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span>[</span>73<span>]</span></a></sup> En 1941 Xapón negociou o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacto_de_Neutralidade_sovi%C3%A9tico-xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacto de Neutralidade soviético-xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">Pacto de Neutralidade soviético-xaponesa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span>[</span>74<span>]</span></a></sup> que durou ata o ano 1945 coa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasi%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Manchuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasión Soviética de Manchuria (a páxina aínda non existe)">invasión Soviética de Manchuria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span>[</span>75<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O Imperio do Xapón invadiu outras partes da <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> en 1937, precipitando a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segunda_guerra_sino-xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segunda guerra sino-xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">segunda guerra sino-xaponesa</a> (1937-1945). O Exército Imperial Xaponés capturou a capital <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> e levou a cabo o <a href="/wiki/Masacre_de_Nanking" class="mw-redirect" title="Masacre de Nanking">masacre de Nanking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span>[</span>76<span>]</span></a></sup> En 1940 comezou a súa invasión da <a href="/wiki/Indochina_Francesa" title="Indochina Francesa">Indochina Francesa</a>, o que provocou que os <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América">Estados Unidos</a> comezase un embargo de <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo">petróleo</a> no Xapón.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span>[</span>77<span>]</span></a></sup> O 7-8 de decembro de 1941 as forzas xaponesas executaron un ataque sorpresa en <a href="/wiki/Ataque_a_Pearl_Harbor" title="Ataque a Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalla_de_Malaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalla de Malaya (a páxina aínda non existe)">Malaya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombardeo_de_Singapur_(1941)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombardeo de Singapur (1941) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Singapur</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalla_de_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalla de Hong Kong (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hong Kong</a>, declarando a guerra ós Estados Unidos e o <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Imperio Británico">Imperio Británico</a> e involucrando así a ámbolos dous na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guerra_do_Pac%C3%ADfico_(1941-1945)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guerra do Pacífico (1941-1945) (a páxina aínda non existe)">guerra do Pacífico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span>[</span>79<span>]</span></a></sup> Trala <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasi%C3%B3n_sovi%C3%A9tica_de_Manchuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasión soviética de Manchuria (a páxina aínda non existe)">invasión soviética de Manchuria</a> e os <a href="/wiki/Bombardeo_at%C3%B3mico_de_Hiroshima_e_Nagasaki" title="Bombardeo atómico de Hiroshima e Nagasaki">bombardeos atómicos de Hiroshima e Nagasaki</a> en 1945, Xapón acordou unha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rendici%C3%B3n_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rendición do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">rendición incondicional</a> o 15 de agosto dese ano.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup> A guerra supúxolle ao Xapón e ao resto dos países asiáticos millóns de vidas e a destrución de gran parte da súa industria e infraestrutura. Os <a href="/wiki/Aliados_da_segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Aliados da segunda guerra mundial">Aliados</a>, liderados polos Estados Unidos, repatriaron millóns de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Di%C3%A1spora_xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diáspora xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">xaponeses</a> dende colonias e campos militares de toda Asia, eliminando na súa maioría o dominio do Imperio Xaponés e restaurando a independencia dos territorios conquistados.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Shibuya_District_at_Night_2015-04_(17806976882).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Shibuya_District_at_Night_2015-04_%2817806976882%29.jpg/220px-Shibuya_District_at_Night_2015-04_%2817806976882%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Shibuya_District_at_Night_2015-04_%2817806976882%29.jpg/330px-Shibuya_District_at_Night_2015-04_%2817806976882%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Shibuya_District_at_Night_2015-04_%2817806976882%29.jpg/440px-Shibuya_District_at_Night_2015-04_%2817806976882%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2581" /></a><figcaption>Distrito de <a href="/wiki/Shibuya" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a>) no 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>En 1947 Xapón adoptou unha nova <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitución do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">constitución</a> que puxo énfase nas prácticas democráticas liberais. A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocupaci%C3%B3n_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocupación do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">ocupación aliada</a> finalizou co <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tratado_de_San_Francisco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tratado de San Francisco (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tratado de San Francisco</a> no ano 1952<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup> e o Xapón foi aceptado como membro das <a href="/wiki/Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacións Unidas">Nacións Unidas</a> en 1956. O crecemento económico do país nos anos posteriores foi moi elevado, chegando a ser a segunda maior economía mundial. Este crecemento rematou a mediados dos anos 1990s cando Xapón sufriu unha gran recesión económica, da que o país comezou a dar sinais de recuperación coa chegada do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XXI" title="Século XXI">século XXI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup> O 11 de marzo de 2011 Xapón sufriu o <a href="/wiki/Terremoto_e_tsunami_de_Sendai_de_2011" title="Terremoto e tsunami de Sendai de 2011">maior terremoto rexistrado na súa historia</a>, que á súa vez provocou un <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> que causou o <a href="/wiki/Accidentes_nucleares_de_Fukushima_I" title="Accidentes nucleares de Fukushima I">accidente nuclear de Fukushima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-tsunami_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-tsunami-84"><span>[</span>84<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goberno_e_política"><span id="Goberno_e_pol.C3.ADtica"></span>Goberno e política</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Goberno e política»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Goberno e política"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Política do Xapón">Política do Xapón</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Goshichi_no_kiri.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Goshichi_no_kiri.svg/150px-Goshichi_no_kiri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Goshichi_no_kiri.svg/225px-Goshichi_no_kiri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Goshichi_no_kiri.svg/300px-Goshichi_no_kiri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Selo do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goberno_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goberno do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Goberno do Xapón</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Xapón é unha <a href="/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa_constitucional" title="Monarquía constitucional">monarquía constitucional</a> na que o poder do <a href="/wiki/Emperador_do_Xap%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperador do Xapón">emperador</a> é moi limitado. Como figura de estado representativa, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitución do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Constitución do Xapón</a> defíneo como "o símbolo do Estado e da unidade do pobo". O poder executivo reside no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primeiro_ministro_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primeiro ministro do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">primeiro ministro</a> e nos restantes membros electos da <a href="/wiki/Dieta_do_Xap%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieta do Xapón">Dieta</a>, mentres que a soberanía queda establecida no propio pobo xaponés.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-85"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> é o emperador do Xapón dende o <a href="/wiki/1_de_maio" title="1 de maio">1 de maio</a> do <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span>[</span>86<span>]</span></a></sup> mentres que <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> é o seguinte na liña de sucesión ao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trono_do_Crisantemo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trono do Crisantemo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Trono do Crisantemo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O órgano lexislativo do Xapón é a <a href="/wiki/Dieta_do_Xap%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieta do Xapón">Dieta Nacional</a>, que se atopa en <a href="/wiki/Chiyoda,_Toquio" title="Chiyoda, Toquio">Chiyoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a>. A Dieta é un corpo <a href="/wiki/Bicameralismo" title="Bicameralismo">bicameral</a> formado pola <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1mara_de_Representantes_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cámara de Representantes do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cámara de Representantes</a> con 480 asentos, escollidos mediante voto popular cada catro anos, e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1mara_de_Conselleiros_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cámara de Conselleiros do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cámara de Conselleiros</a> con 242 asentos, escollidos por medio de votación popular cada seis anos. Existe o <a href="/wiki/Sufraxio_universal" title="Sufraxio universal">sufraxio universal</a> para os adultos maiores de 18 anos,<sup id="cite_ref-wsj-_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj--88"><span>[</span>88<span>]</span></a></sup> e as votacións teñen lugar polo método de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voto_secreto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voto secreto (a páxina aínda non existe)">voto secreto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-85"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> A Dieta estivo historicamente dominada polo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Dem%C3%B3crata_(Xap%C3%B3n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Demócrata (Xapón) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Partido Demócrata</a> e polo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Dem%C3%B3crata_Liberal_(Xap%C3%B3n)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Demócrata Liberal (Xapón) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Partido Demócrata Liberal</a>. Este último foi o partido máis votado dende o ano 1955, agás nun breve período entre 1993 e 1994 e dende 2009 ata 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span>[</span>89<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O primeiro ministro do Xapón é o xefe do goberno, nomeado polo emperador trala súa designación por parte da Dieta, e este é o encargado de designar os ministros do goberno.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-85"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> Trala vitoria do Partido Demócrata Liberal nas eleccións xerais do 2012, <a href="/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" title="Shinzō Abe">Shinzō Abe</a> substituíu a <a href="/wiki/Yoshihiko_Noda" title="Yoshihiko Noda">Yoshihiko Noda</a> como primeiro ministro o 26 de decembro de 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span>[</span>90<span>]</span></a></sup> Malia que o emperador é quen nomea formalmente o primeiro ministro, a constitución do país require explicitamente que o emperador siga a designación da Dieta.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_85-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-85"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O sistema legal xaponés, historicamente influenciado polas leis <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">chinesas</a>, desenvolveuse de forma independente durante o <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo">período Edo</a>, con textos como o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kujikata_Osadamegaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kujikata Osadamegaki (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kujikata Osadamegaki</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span>[</span>91<span>]</span></a></sup> Porén, dende finais do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX">século XIX</a> o sistema xudicial baseouse en gran parte nas leis civís de <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, particularmente nas de <a href="/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a" title="Alemaña">Alemaña</a>. Como exemplo, no 1896 o goberno xaponés estableceu un código civil baseado nun bosquexo da <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch</a></i> alemá, que permanece en efecto aínda que con modificacións trala <a href="/wiki/Segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Segunda guerra mundial">segunda guerra mundial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span>[</span>92<span>]</span></a></sup> A constitución require que o emperador promulgue a lexislación aprobada pola Dieta, sen darlle poder específico para opoñerse a ela.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_85-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-85"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> O sistema xudicial do Xapón está dividido en catro niveis básicos, sendo a Corte Suprema o nivel máis elevado,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span>[</span>93<span>]</span></a></sup> e o corpo principal da lei estatal xaponesa recibe o nome de "Seis Códigos".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span>[</span>94<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/300px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/450px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/600px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="1726" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edificio_da_Dieta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edificio da Dieta (a páxina aínda non existe)">Edificio da Dieta</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">国会議事堂</span><span class="t_nihongo_comma" style="display:none">,</span> <i>Kokkai-gijidō</i><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span> en <a href="/wiki/Chiyoda,_Toquio" title="Chiyoda, Toquio">Chiyoda, Toquio</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dereitos_humanos">Dereitos humanos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Dereitos humanos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Dereitos humanos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En materia de <a href="/wiki/Dereitos_humanos" title="Dereitos humanos">dereitos humanos</a>, respecto á pertenza nos sete organismos da Carta Internacional de Dereitos Humanos, que inclúen o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comit%C3%A9_de_Dereitos_Humanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comité de Dereitos Humanos (a páxina aínda non existe)">Comité de Dereitos Humanos</a> (HRC), Xapón firmou ou ratificou: </p> <div style="overflow:auto;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto; border:1.5px solid #aaa; width:35em; font-size: 85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #E8E8E8; font-size: 100%;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xapón</a> </th> <th colspan="17" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #E8E8E8; font-size: 100%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UN_emblem_blue.svg/25px-UN_emblem_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UN_emblem_blue.svg/38px-UN_emblem_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UN_emblem_blue.svg/50px-UN_emblem_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="436" /></span></span> Status dos principais instrumentos internacionais de <a href="/wiki/Dereitos_humanos" title="Dereitos humanos">dereitos humanos</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span>[</span>95<span>]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Económicos, Sociais e Culturais"><a href="/wiki/Pacto_Internacional_de_Dereitos_Econ%C3%B3micos,_Sociais_e_Culturais" title="Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Económicos, Sociais e Culturais">CESCR</a></abbr> </th> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Civís e Políticos"><a href="/wiki/Pacto_Internacional_de_Dereitos_Civ%C3%ADs_e_Pol%C3%ADticos" title="Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Civís e Políticos">CCPR</a></abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Convención Internacional sobre a Eliminación de todas as Formas de Discriminación Racial"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenci%C3%B3n_Internacional_sobre_a_Eliminaci%C3%B3n_de_todas_as_Formas_de_Discriminaci%C3%B3n_Racial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convención Internacional sobre a Eliminación de todas as Formas de Discriminación Racial (a páxina aínda non existe)">CERD</a></abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Convención Internacional para a protección de todas as Persoas contra as Desaparicións Forzadas"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenci%C3%B3n_Internacional_para_a_protecci%C3%B3n_de_todas_as_Persoas_contra_as_Desaparici%C3%B3ns_Forzadas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convención Internacional para a protección de todas as Persoas contra as Desaparicións Forzadas (a páxina aínda non existe)">CED</a></abbr> </th> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Convención sobre a eliminación de todas as formas de discriminación contra a muller"><a href="/wiki/Convenci%C3%B3n_sobre_a_eliminaci%C3%B3n_de_todas_as_formas_de_discriminaci%C3%B3n_contra_a_muller" title="Convención sobre a eliminación de todas as formas de discriminación contra a muller">CEDAW</a></abbr> </th> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Convención contra a tortura e outros tratos ou penas crueis, inhumanas ou degradantes"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenci%C3%B3n_contra_a_tortura_e_outros_tratos_ou_penas_crueis,_inhumanas_ou_degradantes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convención contra a tortura e outros tratos ou penas crueis, inhumanas ou degradantes (a páxina aínda non existe)">CAT</a></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span>[</span>96<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Convención sobre os Dereitos do Neno"><a href="/wiki/Convenci%C3%B3n_sobre_os_Dereitos_do_Neno" title="Convención sobre os Dereitos do Neno">CRC</a></abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Convención internacional sobre a protección dos dereitos de todos os traballadores migratorios e dos seus familiares"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenci%C3%B3n_internacional_sobre_a_protecci%C3%B3n_dos_dereitos_de_todos_os_traballadores_migratorios_e_dos_seus_familiares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convención internacional sobre a protección dos dereitos de todos os traballadores migratorios e dos seus familiares (a páxina aínda non existe)">MWC</a></abbr> </th> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:100%;"><abbr title="Convención sobre os Dereitos das Persoas con Discapacidade"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Convenci%C3%B3n_sobre_os_Dereitos_das_Persoas_con_Discapacidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convención sobre os Dereitos das Persoas con Discapacidade (a páxina aínda non existe)">CRPD</a></abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;">CESCR </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;"><abbr title="Protocolo Facultativo do Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Económicos, Sociais e Culturais">CESCR-OP</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span>[</span>97<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;">CCPR </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;"><abbr title="Primeiro Protocolo Facultativo do Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Civís e Políticos">CCPR-OP1</abbr> </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;"><abbr title="Segundo Protocolo Facultativo do Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Civís e Políticos">CCPR-OP2-DP</abbr> </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;">CEDAW </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;"><abbr title="Protocolo Facultativo da Convención sobre a Eliminación de todas as Formas de Discriminación contra a Muller">CEDAW-OP</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;">CAT </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;"><abbr title="Protocolo Facultativo da Convención contra a tortura e outros tratos ou penas crueis, inhumanas ou degradantes">CAT-OP</abbr> </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;">CRC </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;"><abbr title="Protocolo Facultativo da Convención sobre os Dereitos do Neno relativo á participación nos conflitos armados">CRC-OP-AC</abbr> </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;"><abbr title="Protocolo Facultativo da Convención sobre os Dereitos do Neno relativo á venta de nenos, a prostitución infantil e a utilización de nenos na pornografía">CRC-OP-SC</abbr> </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;">CRPD </th> <th align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #F8F8F8; font-size:80%;"><abbr title="Protocolo Facultativo da Convención sobre os Dereitos das Persoas con Discapacidade">CRPD-OP</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span>[</span>99<span>]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 0.3em; background: #E8E8E8; font-size: 100%;">Pertenza </th> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firmado e ratificado"><img alt="Firmado e ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sen información"><img alt="Sen información" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/15px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/30px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firmado e ratificado"><img alt="Firmado e ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nin firmado nin ratificado"><img alt="Nin firmado nin ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nin firmado nin ratificado"><img alt="Nin firmado nin ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Yes_check.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Xapón recoñeceu a competencia de recibir e procesar comunicacións individuais por parte dos órganos competentes"><img alt="Xapón recoñeceu a competencia de recibir e procesar comunicacións individuais por parte dos órganos competentes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/10px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/15px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/20px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="744" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sen información"><img alt="Sen información" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/15px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/30px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firmado e ratificado"><img alt="Firmado e ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nin firmado nin ratificado"><img alt="Nin firmado nin ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Yes_check.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Xapón recoñeceu a competencia de recibir e procesar comunicacións individuais por parte dos órganos competentes"><img alt="Xapón recoñeceu a competencia de recibir e procesar comunicacións individuais por parte dos órganos competentes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/10px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/15px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/20px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="744" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sen información"><img alt="Sen información" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/15px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/30px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firmado e ratificado"><img alt="Firmado e ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firmado pero non ratificado"><img alt="Firmado pero non ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/15px-Check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/23px-Check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/30px-Check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firmado pero non ratificado"><img alt="Firmado pero non ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/15px-Check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/23px-Check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/30px-Check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nin firmado nin ratificado"><img alt="Nin firmado nin ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Firmado pero non ratificado"><img alt="Firmado pero non ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/15px-Check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/23px-Check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/30px-Check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nin firmado nin ratificado"><img alt="Nin firmado nin ratificado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></small> </td></tr> <tr style="padding: 0.3em; background: style="> <td align="left" colspan="18"><small><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> Firmado e ratificado, <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/15px-Check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/23px-Check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Check.svg/30px-Check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> firmado pero non ratificado, <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/15px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> nin firmado nin ratificado, <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/15px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_comment_vote.svg/30px-Symbol_comment_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> sen información, <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/15px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/23px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg/30px-Zeichen_101_-_Gefahrstelle%2C_StVO_1970.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="744" /></span></span> accedeu a firmar e ratificar o órgano en cuestión, pero tamén recoñece a competencia de recibir e procesar comunicacións individuais por parte dos órganos competentes.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relacións_internacionais_e_forzas_armadas"><span id="Relaci.C3.B3ns_internacionais_e_forzas_armadas"></span>Relacións internacionais e forzas armadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Relacións internacionais e forzas armadas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Relacións internacionais e forzas armadas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xapón é membro do <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a>, do <a href="/wiki/Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_Asia-Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Cooperación Económica Asia-Pacífico">APEC</a> e do <a href="/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Naci%C3%B3ns_do_Sueste_Asi%C3%A1tico" title="Asociación de Nacións do Sueste Asiático">ASEAN</a>, e participa no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cumio_do_Leste_Asi%C3%A1tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cumio do Leste Asiático (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cumio do Leste Asiático</a>. O país asinou tamén un acordo de seguridade con <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> en marzo do 2007<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span>[</span>100<span>]</span></a></sup> e coa <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> en outubro do 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span>[</span>101<span>]</span></a></sup> É o quinto doante mundial de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axuda_oficial_ao_desenvolvemento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axuda oficial ao desenvolvemento (a páxina aínda non existe)">axuda oficial ao desenvolvemento</a>, con máis de oito mil millóns de <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a> achegados no 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span>[</span>102<span>]</span></a></sup> Estado membro das <a href="/wiki/Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacións Unidas">Nacións Unidas</a> dende 1956, Xapón serviu como membro non permanente do <a href="/wiki/Consello_de_Seguridade_das_Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas" title="Consello de Seguridade das Nacións Unidas">Consello de Seguridade</a> durante un total de 20 anos. É un dos membros do <a href="/wiki/Grupo_dos_catro" title="Grupo dos catro">G4</a> que procura ser membro permanente do Consello de Seguridade.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span>[</span>103<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O país atópase no medio de diversas disputas territoriais cos seus veciños: con <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> sobre as <a href="/wiki/Illas_Kuriles" title="Illas Kuriles">Illas Kuriles do Sur</a>, con <a href="/wiki/Corea_do_Sur" title="Corea do Sur">Corea do Sur</a> sobre as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochas_Liancourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochas Liancourt (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rochas Liancourt</a>, coa <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> e <a href="/wiki/Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Taiwán">Taiwán</a> sobre as <a href="/wiki/Illas_Senkaku" title="Illas Senkaku">Illas Senkaku</a>, e coa China sobre a <a href="/wiki/Zona_econ%C3%B3mica_exclusiva" title="Zona económica exclusiva">zona económica exclusiva</a> ao redor de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Okinotorishima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okinotorishima (a páxina aínda non existe)">Okinotorishima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span>[</span>104<span>]</span></a></sup> Tamén se atopa en disputa con <a href="/wiki/Corea_do_Norte" title="Corea do Norte">Corea do Norte</a> debido aos seus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secuestros_de_xaponeses_por_Corea_do_Norte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secuestros de xaponeses por Corea do Norte (a páxina aínda non existe)">secuestros de xaponeses</a> e do seu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Programa_nuclear_de_Corea_do_Norte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programa nuclear de Corea do Norte (a páxina aínda non existe)">programa nuclear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span>[</span>105<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xapón mantén un dos orzamentos militares máis altos do mundo,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span>[</span>106<span>]</span></a></sup> malia que as súas forzas armadas, que reciben o nome de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forzas_de_Autodefensa_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forzas de Autodefensa do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Forzas de Autodefensa do Xapón</a>, están limitadas polo Artigo 9 da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitución do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Constitución do Xapón</a>, que obrigou ao país a renunciar ao seu dereito de realizar declaracións de guerra ou empregar as súas forzas armadas en disputas internacionais.<sup id="cite_ref-Worden_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worden-107"><span>[</span>107<span>]</span></a></sup> O Ministerio de Defensa do país controla estas forzas, formadas principalmente polas Forzas Terrestres de Autodefensa do Xapón, as Forzas Marítimas de Autodefensa do Xapón e as Forzas Aéreas de Autodefensa do Xapón. No <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XXI" title="Século XXI">século XXI</a>, Xapón participou en varias operacións de paz. O envío de tropas a <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> no 2004 marcou o primeiro uso fóra do país das súas forzas armadas dende a <a href="/wiki/Segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Segunda guerra mundial">segunda guerra mundial</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Iraq_deployment_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iraq_deployment-108"><span>[</span>108<span>]</span></a></sup> e as súas forzas armadas navais participan regularmente en exercicios <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=RIMPAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RIMPAC (a páxina aínda non existe)">RIMPAC</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span>[</span>109<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divisións_administrativas"><span id="Divisi.C3.B3ns_administrativas"></span>Divisións administrativas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Divisións administrativas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Divisións administrativas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Prefecturas_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Prefecturas do Xapón">Prefecturas do Xapón</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <p>Xapón divídese en 47 prefecturas 都道府県<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Todōfuken</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span>, cada unha co seu propio gobernador, lexislatura e administración propias. Consisten en 43 <a href="/wiki/Prefectura" title="Prefectura">prefecturas</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">県</span><span class="t_nihongo_comma" style="display:none">,</span> <i>ken</i><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span> propias, dúas prefecturas urbanas<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">府</span><span class="t_nihongo_comma" style="display:none">,</span> <i>fu</i><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Osaca" title="Osaca">Osaca</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>)</span>, un "circuíto" o "territorio"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">道</span><span class="t_nihongo_comma" style="display:none">,</span> <i>dō</i><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>)</span> e unha "metrópole"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">都</span><span class="t_nihongo_comma" style="display:none">,</span> <i>to</i><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span>[</span>110<span>]</span></a></sup> Cada prefectura divídese en cidades, vilas e distritos rurais.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span>[</span>111<span>]</span></a></sup> A comezos do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a> o país iniciou un proceso de reorganización administrativa, fusionando varias das cidades e vilas entre si, para reducir o número de rexións administrativas inferiores e reducir gastos administrativos.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span>[</span>112<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <center> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li>(23) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Aichi" title="Prefectura de Aichi">Aichi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">愛知</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(05) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Akita" title="Prefectura de Akita">Akita</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">秋田</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(02) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Aomori" title="Prefectura de Aomori">Aomori</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">青森</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(12) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Chiba" title="Prefectura de Chiba">Chiba</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">千葉</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(38) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Ehime" title="Prefectura de Ehime">Ehime</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">愛媛</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(18) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Fukui" title="Prefectura de Fukui">Fukui</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">福井</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(40) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Fukuoka" title="Prefectura de Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">福岡</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(07) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Fukushima" title="Prefectura de Fukushima">Fukushima</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">福島</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(21) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Gifu" title="Prefectura de Gifu">Gifu</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">岐阜</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(10) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Gunma" title="Prefectura de Gunma">Gunma</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">群馬</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(34) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Hiroshima" title="Prefectura de Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">広島</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(01) <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaidō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">北海道</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(28) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Prefectura de Hyōgo">Hyōgo</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">兵庫</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(08) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Ibaraki" title="Prefectura de Ibaraki">Ibaraki</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">茨城</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(17) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Ishikawa" title="Prefectura de Ishikawa">Ishikawa</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">石川</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(03) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Iwate" title="Prefectura de Iwate">Iwate</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">岩手</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>(37) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kagawa" title="Prefectura de Kagawa">Kagawa</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">香川</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(46) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kagoshima" title="Prefectura de Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">鹿児島</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(14) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kanagawa" title="Prefectura de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">神奈川</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(39) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_K%C5%8Dchi" title="Prefectura de Kōchi">Kōchi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">高知</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(43) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kumamoto" title="Prefectura de Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">熊本</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(24) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Mie" title="Prefectura de Mie">Mie</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">三重</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(04) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Miyagi" title="Prefectura de Miyagi">Miyagi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">宮城</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(45) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Miyazaki" title="Prefectura de Miyazaki">Miyazaki</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">宮崎</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(20) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Nagano" title="Prefectura de Nagano">Nagano</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">長野</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(42) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Nagasaki" title="Prefectura de Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">長崎</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(29) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Nara" title="Prefectura de Nara">Nara</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">奈良</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(15) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Niigata" title="Prefectura de Niigata">Niigata</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">新潟</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(44) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_%C5%8Cita" title="Prefectura de Ōita">Ōita</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">大分</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(33) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Okayama" title="Prefectura de Okayama">Okayama</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">岡山</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(47) <a href="/wiki/Okinawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawa">Okinawa</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">沖縄</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(27) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Osaca" title="Prefectura de Osaca">Osaca</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">大阪</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li>(26) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kyoto" title="Prefectura de Kyoto">Kyoto</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">京都</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(41) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Saga" title="Prefectura de Saga">Saga</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">佐賀</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(11) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Saitama" title="Prefectura de Saitama">Saitama</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">埼玉</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(25) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Shiga" title="Prefectura de Shiga">Shiga</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">滋賀</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(32) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Shimane" title="Prefectura de Shimane">Shimane</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">島根</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(22) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Shizuoka" title="Prefectura de Shizuoka">Shizuoka</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">静岡</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(09) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Tochigi" title="Prefectura de Tochigi">Tochigi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">栃木</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(36) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Tokushima" title="Prefectura de Tokushima">Tokushima</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">徳島</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(13) <a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">東京</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(31) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Tottori" title="Prefectura de Tottori">Tottori</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">鳥取</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(16) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Toyama" title="Prefectura de Toyama">Toyama</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">富山</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(30) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Wakayama" title="Prefectura de Wakayama">Wakayama</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">和歌山</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(06) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Yamagata" title="Prefectura de Yamagata">Yamagata</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">山形</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(35) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Yamaguchi" title="Prefectura de Yamaguchi">Yamaguchi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">山口</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li> <li>(19) <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Yamanashi" title="Prefectura de Yamanashi">Yamanashi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">山梨</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></li></ul> </td> <td> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_(gl).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_%28gl%29.svg/350px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_%28gl%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="448" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_%28gl%29.svg/525px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_%28gl%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_%28gl%29.svg/700px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_%28gl%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3175" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xeografía"><span id="Xeograf.C3.ADa"></span>Xeografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Xeografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Xeografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xeograf%C3%ADa_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xeografía do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Xeografía do Xapón</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Topographic_map_Japan-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Topographic_map_Japan-en.svg/220px-Topographic_map_Japan-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Topographic_map_Japan-en.svg/330px-Topographic_map_Japan-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Topographic_map_Japan-en.svg/440px-Topographic_map_Japan-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="2107" /></a><figcaption>Mapa topográfico do Xapón</figcaption></figure> <p>Xapón ten un total de 6 852 illas que se estenden pola costa do <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico">océano Pacífico</a> de <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, entre as latitudes 24° e 46°N e as lonxitudes 122° e 146°L. As illas principais son, de norte a sur, <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a>. As <a href="/wiki/Illas_Ryukyu" title="Illas Ryukyu">illas Ryukyu</a>, incluíndo <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Honto" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawa Honto">Okinawa</a>, son unha cadea de illas ao sur de <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a>. O conxunto de illas do país coñécese como o <a href="/wiki/Arquip%C3%A9lago_xapon%C3%A9s" title="Arquipélago xaponés">arquipélago xaponés</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span>[</span>113<span>]</span></a></sup> Ó redor do 73% do país é terreo forestal, montañoso e pouco axeitado para o uso <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agrícola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industria" title="Industria">industrial</a> ou residencial.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span>[</span>115<span>]</span></a></sup> Como resultado as zonas habitables localízanse principalmente nas zonas costeiras e presentan unhas <a href="/wiki/Densidade_de_poboaci%C3%B3n" title="Densidade de poboación">densidades de poboación</a> moi altas, facendo do Xapón un dos países con <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_densidade_de_poboaci%C3%B3n" title="Lista de países por densidade de poboación">maior densidade de poboación</a> do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span>[</span>116<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As illas do Xapón localízanse nunha zona <a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n" title="Volcán">volcánica</a> do <a href="/wiki/Cinto_de_lume_do_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Cinto de lume do Pacífico">Cinto de lume do Pacífico</a>. Son principalmente o resultado de grandes movementos oceánicos que tiveron lugar durante millóns de anos dende mediados do <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%BArico" title="Silúrico">Silúrico</a> ata o <a href="/wiki/Plistoceno" title="Plistoceno">Plistoceno</a>, como resultado da <a href="/wiki/Subduci%C3%B3n" title="Subdución">subdución</a> da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placa_de_Filipinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placa de Filipinas (a páxina aínda non existe)">Placa de Filipinas</a> baixo a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placa_Amuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placa Amuria (a páxina aínda non existe)">Placa Amuria</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placa_de_Okinawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placa de Okinawa (a páxina aínda non existe)">Placa de Okinawa</a> no sur, e a subdución da <a href="/wiki/Placa_do_Pac%C3%ADfico" class="mw-redirect" title="Placa do Pacífico">Placa do Pacífico</a> baixo a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placa_Okhotsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placa Okhotsk (a páxina aínda non existe)">Placa Okhotsk</a> no norte. O Xapón estaba orixinalmente unido á costa leste do continente <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Euroasiático</a>, e a subdución destas placas desprazouno cara ao leste abrindo o <a href="/wiki/Mar_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Mar do Xapón">mar do Xapón</a> hai uns 15 millóns de anos.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span>[</span>117<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xapón ten 108 <a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n" title="Volcán">volcáns</a> activos. Durante o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a> emerxeron varios novos volcáns, incluíndo o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8Dwa-shinzan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shōwa-shinzan (a páxina aínda non existe)">Shōwa-shinzan</a> en Hokkaido e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=My%C5%8Djin-sh%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myōjin-shō (a páxina aínda non existe)">Myōjin-shō</a> nas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochas_Bayonnaise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochas Bayonnaise (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rochas Bayonnaise</a> no Pacífico. Os <a href="/wiki/Sismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sismo">sismos</a> son habituais na zona, resultando con frecuencia en <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span>[</span>118<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran_Terremoto_de_Kant%C5%8D_de_1923&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran Terremoto de Kantō de 1923 (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gran Terremoto de Kantō de 1923</a> provocou a morte de máis de 140 000 persoas,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span>[</span>119<span>]</span></a></sup> e o <a href="/wiki/Terremoto_e_tsunami_de_Sendai_de_2011" title="Terremoto e tsunami de Sendai de 2011">Terremoto de Sendai</a> acadou unha <a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Richter" title="Escala de Richter">magnitude</a> de 9.0<sup id="cite_ref-USGS9.0_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS9.0-120"><span>[</span>120<span>]</span></a></sup> o 11 de marzo do 2011, causando un gran tsunami.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes-tsunami_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-tsunami-84"><span>[</span>84<span>]</span></a></sup> Pola súa localización dentro do chamado "Anel de Lume do Pacífico", Xapón é substancialmente propenso a este tipo de fenómenos naturais,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span>[</span>121<span>]</span></a></sup> sendo o país con maior risco de <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1strofe_natural" title="Catástrofe natural">catástrofe natural</a> do mundo segundo o <i>World Risk Report</i> de 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-2013_World_Risk_Report_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013_World_Risk_Report-122"><span>[</span>122<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Clima»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Clima"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Japan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Japan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/220px-Japan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Japan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/330px-Japan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Japan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/440px-Japan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>Mapa da <a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_clim%C3%A1tica_de_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Clasificación climática de Köppen">Clasificación climática de Köppen</a> do Xapón.</figcaption></figure> <p>O clima do Xapón é predominantemente <a href="/wiki/Clima_temperado" title="Clima temperado">temperado</a>, pero presenta unha gran variación de norte a sur. As características xeográficas do país dividen o seu clima en seis zonas climáticas principais, as de <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Mar do Xapón">mar do Xapón</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Koshin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexión de Koshin (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rexión de Koshin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_Interior_de_Seto" title="Mar Interior de Seto">mar Interior de Seto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico">océano Pacífico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Illas_Ryukyu" title="Illas Ryukyu">illas Ryukyu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a> é a zona que se atopa máis cara ao norte e presenta un <a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_clim%C3%A1tica_de_K%C3%B6ppen#Clima_Dfa:_Clima_continental_húmido_de_verán_caloroso" title="Clasificación climática de Köppen">clima continental húmido</a>, con <a href="/wiki/Inverno" title="Inverno">invernos</a> longos e fríos e <a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%A1n" title="Verán">veráns</a> temperados. Nesta zona as <a href="/wiki/Precipitaci%C3%B3n_(meteorolox%C3%ADa)" title="Precipitación (meteoroloxía)">precipitacións</a> non adoitan ser en grandes cantidades, pero é habitual a acumulación de <a href="/wiki/Neve" title="Neve">neve</a> no inverno.<sup id="cite_ref-karan1921_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karan1921-123"><span>[</span>123<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na zona climática do mar do Xapón, na costa oeste de Honshu, os <a href="/wiki/Vento" title="Vento">ventos</a> estacionais do noroeste provocan nevadas abundantes no inverno. No verán esta rexión ten temperaturas máis baixas que a zona do Pacífico, aínda que por veces poida ter temperaturas moi altas debido ao <a href="/wiki/Efecto_F%C3%B6hn" title="Efecto Föhn">efecto Föhn</a>. A Rexión de Koshin, no centro do país, ten un clima <a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_clim%C3%A1tica_de_K%C3%B6ppen#Clima_Dfb:_Clima_continental_húmido_de_verán_suave" title="Clasificación climática de Köppen">continental húmido</a> típico, con grandes diferenzas de temperaturas entre o verán e o inverno e entre a noite e o día. As precipitacións aquí son lixeiras, con frecuentes nevadas no inverno. As montañas das rexións de <a href="/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Ch%C5%ABgoku" title="Rexión de Chūgoku">Chūgoku</a> e <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a> protexen o <a href="/wiki/Mar_Interior_de_Seto" title="Mar Interior de Seto">mar Interior de Seto</a> dos ventos, facendo que teña un clima moderado durante todo o ano.<sup id="cite_ref-karan1921_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karan1921-123"><span>[</span>123<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A costa do <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_Pac%C3%ADfico" title="Océano Pacífico">Pacífico</a> ten un <a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_clim%C3%A1tica_de_K%C3%B6ppen#Clima_Cfa:_Clima_morno_chuvioso_de_verán_caloroso,_chinés_ou_cantonés" title="Clasificación climática de Köppen">clima subtropical húmido</a>, con invernos temperados de nevadas ocasionais e veráns húmidos e calorosos debido aos ventos estacionais do sueste. As illas Ryukyu teñen un clima subtropical con invernos temperados e veráns calorosos.<sup id="cite_ref-karan1921_123-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karan1921-123"><span>[</span>123<span>]</span></a></sup> Nestas zonas as precipitacións adoitan ser abundantes, concentrándose principalmente na estación de chuvias.<sup id="cite_ref-karan41_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karan41-124"><span>[</span>124<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> media do inverno no Xapón é de 5,1 °C e a temperatura media do verán está nos 25,2 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-125"><span>[</span>125<span>]</span></a></sup> A temperatura máis alta rexistrada no país foi de 40,9 °C, o 16 de agosto de 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span>[</span>126<span>]</span></a></sup> A estación principal de chuvias comeza en maio en Okinawa, e a fronte de chuvias trasládase gradualmente cara ao norte ata chegar a Hokkaido a finais de xullo. En gran parte de Honshu a estación de chuvias comeza antes de mediados de xuño e ten unha duración dunhas seis semanas. Os <a href="/wiki/Furac%C3%A1n" title="Furacán">tifóns</a> son habituais na zona a finais do verán e comezos do outono.<sup id="cite_ref-karan41_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karan41-124"><span>[</span>124<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-climate_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-125"><span>[</span>125<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversidade">Biodiversidade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar a sección: «Biodiversidade»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Biodiversidade"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg/220px-Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg/330px-Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg/440px-Jigokudani_hotspring_in_Nagano_Japan_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Macaco_xapon%C3%A9s" title="Macaco xaponés">Macacos xaponeses</a> no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parque_Nacional_J%C5%8Dshin%27etsu-k%C5%8Dgen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parque Nacional Jōshin'etsu-kōgen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Parque Nacional Jōshin'etsu-kōgen</a>, na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Ch%C5%ABbu.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexión de Chūbu. (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rexión de Chūbu.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Xapón ten nove <a href="/wiki/Ecorrexi%C3%B3n" title="Ecorrexión">ecorrexións</a> forestais que reflicten o clima e xeografía das illas. Estas van dende <a href="/wiki/Bioma#sistema_WWF" title="Bioma">bosques húmidos subtropicais de frondosas</a> en Ryūkyū e as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illas_Bonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illas Bonin (a páxina aínda non existe)">illas Bonin</a>, pasando por <a href="/wiki/Bioma#sistema_WWF" title="Bioma">bosques temperados de frondosas e mixtos</a> nas rexións máis temperadas das illas principais ata os <a href="/wiki/Bioma#sistema_WWF" title="Bioma">bosques temperados de coníferas</a> nas porcións invernais máis frías das illas do norte.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span>[</span>127<span>]</span></a></sup> Xapón posúe máis de 90 000 especies de <a href="/wiki/Vida_silvestre" title="Vida silvestre">vida silvestre</a>, incluíndo o <a href="/wiki/Oso_pardo" title="Oso pardo">oso pardo</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Macaco_xapon%C3%A9s" title="Macaco xaponés">macaco xaponés</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Can_mapache" title="Can mapache">can mapache</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Roedor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roedor">roedor</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apodemus_speciosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apodemus speciosus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Apodemus speciosus</a></i> e o <a href="/wiki/Urodelo" title="Urodelo">urodelo</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrias_japonicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrias japonicus (a páxina aínda non existe)">Andrias japonicus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span>[</span>128<span>]</span></a></sup> O país ten unha extensa rede de <a href="/wiki/Parque_nacional" title="Parque nacional">parques nacionais</a> establecidos para protexer zonas de importancia de flora e fauna, así como 37 <a href="/wiki/Convenci%C3%B3n_de_Ramsar" title="Convención de Ramsar">zonas húmidas Ramsar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span>[</span>129<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span>[</span>130<span>]</span></a></sup> Catro lugares do país están inscritos na lista de <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_da_Humanidade" title="Patrimonio da Humanidade">Patrimonio da Humanidade</a> da <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> pola súa importancia natural. Estes lugares son as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illas_Bonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illas Bonin (a páxina aínda non existe)">illas Bonin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirakami-Sanchi" title="Shirakami-Sanchi">Shirakami-Sanchi</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parque_Nacional_Shiretoko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parque Nacional Shiretoko (a páxina aínda non existe)">Parque Nacional Shiretoko</a> e <a href="/wiki/Yakushima" title="Yakushima">Yakushima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco1_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco1-131"><span>[</span>131<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medio_ambiente">Medio ambiente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar a sección: «Medio ambiente»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Medio ambiente"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Smog_in_Tokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Smog_in_Tokyo.jpg/220px-Smog_in_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Smog_in_Tokyo.jpg/330px-Smog_in_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Smog_in_Tokyo.jpg/440px-Smog_in_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Smog" title="Smog">Smog</a></i> en <a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a> no 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>Trala <a href="/wiki/Segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Segunda guerra mundial">segunda guerra mundial</a> Xapón experimentou un período de rápido crecemento económico no que o goberno restou importancia ás políticas ambientais en favor das corporacións industriais. Como resultado disto, a <a href="/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3n_ambiental" class="mw-redirect" title="Contaminación ambiental">contaminación ambiental</a> foi abundante durante as décadas de 1950 e 1960. En resposta da cada vez maior preocupación por este problema, o goberno do país introduciu varias leis de protección ambiental en 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span>[</span>132<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Crise_do_petr%C3%B3leo_de_1973" title="Crise do petróleo de 1973">crise do petróleo de 1973</a> foi outro factor importante na procura de usos máis eficientes de enerxía no país debido á súa falta de <a href="/wiki/Recursos_naturais" class="mw-redirect" title="Recursos naturais">recursos naturais</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span>[</span>133<span>]</span></a></sup> As leis de protección ambiental máis recentes inclúen medidas para reducir a <a href="/wiki/Contaminaci%C3%B3n_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Contaminación atmosférica">contaminación atmosférica</a> urbana, a mellora da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xesti%C3%B3n_de_residuos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xestión de residuos (a páxina aínda non existe)">xestión de residuos</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Eutrofizaci%C3%B3n" title="Eutrofización">eutrofización</a> da auga, a conservación da natureza, a redución dos efectos do <a href="/wiki/Cambio_clim%C3%A1tico" title="Cambio climático">cambio climático</a>, o manexo de <a href="/wiki/Substancia_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Substancia química">substancias químicas</a> e a cooperación internacional para a conservación do medio ambiente.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span>[</span>134<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En contraste con estas políticas, e malia os cada vez maiores investimentos en <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_renovable" title="Enerxía renovable">enerxías renovables</a> no país, a data de xuño de 2015 máis de 40 <a href="/wiki/Central_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Central térmica">centrais térmicas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n" title="Carbón">carbón</a> estaban en fase de planificación ou en construción no Xapón.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span>[</span>135<span>]</span></a></sup> Xapón encadrouse na 39ª posición do <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dndice_de_Desempe%C3%B1o_Ambiental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Índice de Desempeño Ambiental (a páxina aínda non existe)">Índice de Desempeño Ambiental</a> do 2016, índice que mide o compromiso dos países co sostemento medioambiental.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span>[</span>136<span>]</span></a></sup> Como asinante do <a href="/wiki/Protocolo_de_Kyoto" title="Protocolo de Kyoto">Protocolo de Kyoto</a> e anfitrión da conferencia de 1997 na que se creou, o Xapón está baixo a obriga de reducir as súas emisións de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Dióxido de carbono">dióxido de carbono</a> e tomar outras medidas para reducir os efectos adversos do <a href="/wiki/Cambio_clim%C3%A1tico" title="Cambio climático">cambio climático</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span>[</span>137<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economía"><span id="Econom.C3.ADa"></span>Economía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar a sección: «Economía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Economía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Economía do Xapón">Economía do Xapón</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Real_GDP_growth_rate_in_Japan_(1956-2008).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Real_GDP_growth_rate_in_Japan_%281956-2008%29.png/220px-Real_GDP_growth_rate_in_Japan_%281956-2008%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Real_GDP_growth_rate_in_Japan_%281956-2008%29.png/330px-Real_GDP_growth_rate_in_Japan_%281956-2008%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Real_GDP_growth_rate_in_Japan_%281956-2008%29.png/440px-Real_GDP_growth_rate_in_Japan_%281956-2008%29.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Crecemento real do <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> no Xapón dende 1956 ata 2008<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span>[</span>138<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span>[</span>139<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span>[</span>140<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>O crecemento da economía moderna do Xapón comezou no <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Edo" title="Período Edo">período Edo</a>, e algúns elementos sobreviventes desta época son as rutas de transporte por terra e mar, así como instrumentos financeiros como os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrato_de_futuros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrato de futuros (a páxina aínda non existe)">contratos de futuros</a>, banca e seguros dos negociantes de arroz de Osaca.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span>[</span>141<span>]</span></a></sup> Durante o <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Meiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Período Meiji">período Meiji</a>, dende o ano 1868, Xapón expandiuse economicamente coa adopción da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Econom%C3%ADa_de_mercado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economía de mercado (a páxina aínda non existe)">economía de mercado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span>[</span>142<span>]</span></a></sup> Moitas das empresas actuais fundáronse nesa época, e o Xapón pasou a ser unha das nacións máis desenvolvidas de Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span>[</span>143<span>]</span></a></sup> O período de crecemento económico xeral que tivo lugar dende os anos 1960 ata os anos 1980 foi denominado o "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Milagre_xapon%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milagre xaponés (a páxina aínda non existe)">Milagre xaponés</a>", cunha media de crecemento económico dun 7,5% nos anos 1960 e 1970, e dun 3,2% nos anos 1980 e comezos dos anos 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span>[</span>144<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Este crecemento freouse nos anos 1990 durante a denominada "<a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9cada_perdida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Década perdida (a páxina aínda non existe)">Década perdida</a>" debido aos efectos da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burbulla_financeira_e_inmobiliaria_no_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burbulla financeira e inmobiliaria no Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">burbulla financeira e inmobiliaria no Xapón</a> e as políticas gobernamentais dirixidas a reducir os excesos especulativos dos mercados inmobiliarios e de valores. Os esforzos para revivir o crecemento económico non tiveron éxito e víronse prexudicados aínda máis polo efecto da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burbulla_de_Internet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burbulla de Internet (a páxina aínda non existe)">burbulla de Internet</a> do 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> A economía do país comezou a recuperarse a partir do ano 2005, cun crecemento do <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> dun 2,8%, por riba dos índices de crecemento dos <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América">Estados Unidos</a> e da <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Europea" title="Unión Europea">Unión Europea</a> durante o mesmo período.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span>[</span>145<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> xaponesa abrangue o 13% do seu territorio e o país é o segundo con maior volume de capturas de <a href="/wiki/Peixe" class="mw-redirect" title="Peixe">peixe</a> cun 15% do total global, só por detrás da China,<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> mentres que no conxunto da economía global do país, o <a href="/wiki/Sector_terciario" title="Sector terciario">sector de servizos</a> representa uns tres cuartos do PIB total do país.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span>[</span>146<span>]</span></a></sup> A data de 2010, a forza de traballo do país nipón era duns 65,9 millóns de traballadores.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span>[</span>147<span>]</span></a></sup> Malia que Xapón ten unha <a href="/wiki/Desemprego" title="Desemprego">taxa de desemprego</a> baixa, dun 3,2%,<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span>[</span>148<span>]</span></a></sup> ao redor duns 20 millóns de persoas, un 17% da poboación, atopábase baixo a liña de pobreza no ano 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span>[</span>149<span>]</span></a></sup> A vivenda no país nipón é limitada debido á pouca dispoñibilidade de terreo nas áreas urbanas.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span>[</span>150<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Euro_exchange_rate_to_JPY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Euro_exchange_rate_to_JPY.svg/220px-Euro_exchange_rate_to_JPY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Euro_exchange_rate_to_JPY.svg/330px-Euro_exchange_rate_to_JPY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Euro_exchange_rate_to_JPY.svg/440px-Euro_exchange_rate_to_JPY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Taxa de cambio do <a href="/wiki/Ien" title="Ien">Ien</a> fronte ao <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> dende 1999<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span>[</span>151<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A moeda oficial do Xapón é o Ien (símbolo <a href="/wiki/%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="¥">¥</a> e <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">código</a> JPY). É a terceira divisa máis empregada no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercado_Internacional_de_Divisas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercado Internacional de Divisas (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mercado Internacional de Divisas</a> tralo <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_estadounidense" title="Dólar estadounidense">dólar estadounidense</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span>[</span>152<span>]</span></a></sup> No 2015 Xapón era a terceira maior potencia económica do mundo en termos de <a href="/wiki/PIB_nominal" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB nominal">PIB nominal</a>, só por detrás dos Estados Unidos e a <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_IMF_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP_IMF-153"><span>[</span>153<span>]</span></a></sup> e a cuarta potencia económica mundial en termos de <a href="/wiki/Paridade_de_poder_adquisitivo" title="Paridade de poder adquisitivo">PPA</a>, tralos Estados Unidos, a China e a <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-imf_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf-154"><span>[</span>154<span>]</span></a></sup> A data de 2014, a <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9beda_p%C3%BAblica" title="Débeda pública">débeda pública</a> do Xapón estaba estimada en máis do 200% do seu PIB anual, sendo a maior débeda pública de tódolos países do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span>[</span>155<span>]</span></a></sup> En agosto de 2011, a axencia de cualificación <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moody%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moody's (a páxina aínda non existe)">Moody's</a> rebaixou a clasificación da débeda pública do Xapón dende o "Aa3" ata o "Aa2" debido ao nivel de déficit e débeda do país dende a recesión global de 2009, agravados tamén polos efectos do <a href="/wiki/Terremoto_e_tsunami_de_Sendai_de_2011" title="Terremoto e tsunami de Sendai de 2011">terremoto e tsunami de Sendai de 2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span>[</span>156<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xapón estaba no posto número 34 da lista do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ease_of_doing_business_index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ease of doing business index (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ease of doing business index</a> de 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span>[</span>157<span>]</span></a></sup> O sistema <a href="/wiki/Capitalismo" title="Capitalismo">capitalista</a> xaponés presenta características con variacións distintivas: as empresas "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Keiretsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keiretsu (a páxina aínda non existe)">keiretsu</a>" teñen unha grande influencia, e o emprego de por vida xunto ós ascensos baseados na experiencia laboral son relativamente comúns no mundo laboral xaponés.<sup id="cite_ref-oecd2008_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd2008-158"><span>[</span>158<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span>[</span>159<span>]</span></a></sup> As compañías xaponesas son coñecidas por empregar métodos de xestión como a "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Toyota_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Toyota Way (a páxina aínda non existe)">The Toyota Way</a>", e o activismo dos accionistas é escaso.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span>[</span>160<span>]</span></a></sup> Posúe unha gran capacidade industrial, sendo fogar dalgunhas das maiores e máis tecnoloxicamente avanzadas produtoras de <a href="/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculo" title="Vehículo">vehículos</a> de motor, <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3nica" title="Electrónica">electrónica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferramenta" title="Ferramenta">ferramentas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aceiro" title="Aceiro">aceiro</a> e outros metais non ferrosos, <a href="/wiki/Barco" title="Barco">barcos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substancia_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Substancia química">substancias químicas</a>, téxtiles e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alimento_procesado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alimento procesado (a páxina aínda non existe)">alimentos procesados</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span>[</span>161<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span>[</span>162<span>]</span></a></sup> Algunhas das maiores empresas do Xapón son, entre outras, <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=NTT_DoCoMo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NTT DoCoMo (a páxina aínda non existe)">NTT DoCoMo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeda_Pharmaceutical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takeda Pharmaceutical (a páxina aínda non existe)">Takeda Pharmaceutical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nippon_Steel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nippon Steel (a páxina aínda non existe)">Nippon Steel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nippon_Oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nippon Oil (a páxina aínda non existe)">Nippon Oil</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_%26_I_Holdings_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven & I Holdings Co. (a páxina aínda non existe)">Seven & I Holdings Co.</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span>[</span>163<span>]</span></a></sup> Xapón ten algúns dos maiores <a href="/wiki/Banco" title="Banco">bancos</a> do mundo, e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolsa_de_Toquio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolsa de Toquio (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bolsa de Toquio</a>, coñecida polos índices <a href="/wiki/Nikkei_225" title="Nikkei 225">Nikkei 225</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=TOPIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TOPIX (a páxina aínda non existe)">TOPIX</a>, é a segunda maior do mundo en canto a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capitalizaci%C3%B3n_de_mercado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitalización de mercado (a páxina aínda non existe)">capitalización de mercado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span>[</span>164<span>]</span></a></sup> No 2006 326 empresas da lista <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> Global 2000 tiñan a súa orixe no Xapón.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span>[</span>165<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exportacións_e_importacións"><span id="Exportaci.C3.B3ns_e_importaci.C3.B3ns"></span>Exportacións e importacións</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editar a sección: «Exportacións e importacións»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Exportacións e importacións"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:2005Japanese_exports.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/2005Japanese_exports.PNG/250px-2005Japanese_exports.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/2005Japanese_exports.PNG/375px-2005Japanese_exports.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/2005Japanese_exports.PNG/500px-2005Japanese_exports.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Principais destinos das exportacións do Xapón no 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>No 2015 o total de exportacións do Xapón superou os 643 mil millóns de <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ExIm_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExIm-166"><span>[</span>166<span>]</span></a></sup> A data de 2012 os principais mercados para as exportacións xaponesas eran a <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> (18,1%), os <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América">Estados Unidos</a> (17,8%), <a href="/wiki/Corea_do_Sur" title="Corea do Sur">Corea do Sur</a> (7,7%), <a href="/wiki/Tailandia" title="Tailandia">Tailandia</a> (5,5%) e <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> (5,1%). Estas exportacións consisten principalmente en equipamento, vehículos de motor, produtos de <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aceiro" title="Aceiro">aceiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semicondutor" title="Semicondutor">semicondutores</a> e pezas de <a href="/wiki/Autom%C3%B3bil" title="Automóbil">automóbiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span>[</span>167<span>]</span></a></sup> O total de importacións acadado polo Xapón no 2015 chegou ós 667 mil millóns de euros.<sup id="cite_ref-ExIm_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExIm-166"><span>[</span>166<span>]</span></a></sup> No 2012, as importacións do Xapón tiveron como principais mercados de orixe a China (21,3%), os Estados Unidos (8,8%), <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (6,4%), <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita">Arabia Saudita</a> (6,2%), os <a href="/wiki/Emiratos_%C3%81rabes_Unidos" title="Emiratos Árabes Unidos">Emiratos Árabes Unidos</a> (5,0%), Corea do Sur (4,6%) e <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> (4,0%).<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> Os principais produtos importados son maquinaria e equipamento industrial, <a href="/wiki/Combustible_f%C3%B3sil" title="Combustible fósil">combustibles fósiles</a>, alimentos, <a href="/wiki/Substancia_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Substancia química">químicos</a>, téxtiles e materia prima para a industria. En termos de participación no mercado, os mercados domésticos do Xapón son os máis pechados de tódolos países pertencentes á <a href="/wiki/OCDE" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">OCDE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oecd2008_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd2008-158"><span>[</span>158<span>]</span></a></sup> A comezos do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XXI" title="Século XXI">século XXI</a> baixo o goberno de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junichir%C5%8D_Koizumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junichirō Koizumi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Junichirō Koizumi</a>, o país levou a cabo diversas reformas a prol da competitividade nos mercados, e os investimentos estranxeiros no país experimentaron un aumento notable.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span>[</span>168<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ciencia_e_tecnoloxía"><span id="Ciencia_e_tecnolox.C3.ADa"></span>Ciencia e tecnoloxía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editar a sección: «Ciencia e tecnoloxía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ciencia e tecnoloxía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Honda_ASIMO_(ver._2011)_2013_Tokyo_Motor_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Honda_ASIMO_%28ver._2011%29_2013_Tokyo_Motor_Show.jpg/150px-Honda_ASIMO_%28ver._2011%29_2013_Tokyo_Motor_Show.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Honda_ASIMO_%28ver._2011%29_2013_Tokyo_Motor_Show.jpg/225px-Honda_ASIMO_%28ver._2011%29_2013_Tokyo_Motor_Show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Honda_ASIMO_%28ver._2011%29_2013_Tokyo_Motor_Show.jpg/300px-Honda_ASIMO_%28ver._2011%29_2013_Tokyo_Motor_Show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Robot <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASIMO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASIMO (a páxina aínda non existe)">ASIMO</a> de <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> no 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Xapón é un dos países líderes na <a href="/wiki/Investigaci%C3%B3n_cient%C3%ADfica" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigación científica">investigación científica</a>, particularmente nos campos da <a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3nica" title="Electrónica">electrónica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autom%C3%B3bil" title="Automóbil">automóbiles</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maquinaria_industrial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maquinaria industrial (a páxina aínda non existe)">maquinaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enxe%C3%B1ar%C3%ADa_s%C3%ADsmica" title="Enxeñaría sísmica">enxeñaría sísmica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%B3tica" title="Robótica">robótica</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica">óptica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semicondutor" title="Semicondutor">semicondutores</a> e <a href="/wiki/Metalurxia" title="Metalurxia">metalurxia</a>. Cun total duns 700 000 investigadores, o país adica un orzamento para <a href="/wiki/Investigaci%C3%B3n_e_desenvolvemento" title="Investigación e desenvolvemento">Investigación e desenvolvemento</a> duns 130 mil millóns de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_estadounidense" title="Dólar estadounidense">dólares</a>, o terceiro máis alto do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span>[</span>169<span>]</span></a></sup> Xapón é líder mundial na investigación fundamental, con 21 <a href="/wiki/Premios_Nobel" title="Premios Nobel">Premios Nobel</a> nos campos da <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Premio Nobel de Física">física</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Premio Nobel de Química">química</a> e <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_de_Fisiolox%C3%ADa_ou_Medicina" title="Premio Nobel de Fisioloxía ou Medicina">medicina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span>[</span>170<span>]</span></a></sup> e tres gañadores da <a href="/wiki/Medalla_Fields" title="Medalla Fields">Medalla Fields</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span>[</span>171<span>]</span></a></sup> Xapón é o líder mundial na produción e uso de <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robots</a> industriais, posuíndo a metade dos robots industriais do mundo no ano 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span>[</span>172<span>]</span></a></sup> baixando ata un 20% (300 000 dun total de 1,3 millóns) a data de 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span>[</span>173<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Axencia_Xaponesa_de_Exploraci%C3%B3n_Aeroespacial" title="Axencia Xaponesa de Exploración Aeroespacial">Axencia Xaponesa de Exploración Aeroespacial</a> leva a cabo investigacións espaciais, planetarias e de <a href="/wiki/Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Aviación">aviación</a>, así como o desenvolvemento de <a href="/wiki/Foguete" title="Foguete">foguetes</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sat%C3%A9lite" title="Satélite">satélites</a>. Tamén participa na <a href="/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_Espacial_Internacional" title="Estación Espacial Internacional">Estación Espacial Internacional</a>, por medio do módulo <i>Kibo</i> que foi engadido á estación nos voos do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transbordador_STS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transbordador STS (a páxina aínda non existe)">Transbordador STS</a> no ano 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span>[</span>174<span>]</span></a></sup> Ademais do lanzamento dunha <a href="/wiki/Sonda_espacial" title="Sonda espacial">sonda espacial</a> a <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> no 2010, a <i><a href="/wiki/Akatsuki_(nave_espacial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akatsuki (nave espacial)">Akatsuki</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span>[</span>175<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span>[</span>176<span>]</span></a></sup> os plans do Xapón para a exploración espacial inclúen o desenvolvemento e lanzamento da misión <a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" class="mw-redirect" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a> a <a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(planeta)" title="Mercurio (planeta)">Mercurio</a> no 2018<sup id="cite_ref-FACTS_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FACTS-177"><span>[</span>177<span>]</span></a></sup> e a construción dunha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Base_lunar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Base lunar (a páxina aínda non existe)">base lunar</a> no 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span>[</span>178<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enerxía"><span id="Enerx.C3.ADa"></span>Enerxía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editar a sección: «Enerxía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Enerxía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No 2013 o 45,7% da enerxía producida no Xapón procedeu do <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo">petróleo</a>, o 24,2% do <a href="/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n" title="Carbón">carbón</a>, o 22,5% do <a href="/wiki/Gas_natural" title="Gas natural">gas natural</a>, o 3,1% da <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_hidroel%C3%A9ctrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enerxía hidroeléctrica">enerxía hidroeléctrica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-energy_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-179"><span>[</span>179<span>]</span></a></sup> A produción de <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_nuclear" title="Enerxía nuclear">enerxía nuclear</a> reduciuse case por completo en maio de 2012 parando case tódalas <a href="/wiki/Central_nuclear" title="Central nuclear">centrais nucleares</a> do país, pasando dun 10,6% do total no 2010 ata un 0,4% no 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-energy_179-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-179"><span>[</span>179<span>]</span></a></sup> principalmente pola oposición pública resultante dos <a href="/wiki/Accidentes_nucleares_de_Fukushima_I" title="Accidentes nucleares de Fukushima I">Accidentes nucleares de Fukushima I</a> de marzo do 2011, malia que o goberno do país tentou convencer a opinión pública para volver a poñer en funcionamento algúns dos 50 <a href="/wiki/Reactor_nuclear" title="Reactor nuclear">reactores nucleares</a> do país.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span>[</span>180<span>]</span></a></sup> Dous destes reactores, en <a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a>, foron reiniciados o 11 de agosto<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span>[</span>181<span>]</span></a></sup> e o 15 de outubro de 2015<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span>[</span>182<span>]</span></a></sup> Xapón carece de reservas de combustibles fósiles, polo que ten unha gran dependencia na importación de enerxía,<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span>[</span>183<span>]</span></a></sup> polo que dende comezos do século XX tentou diversificar as súas fontes enerxéticas e manter niveis altos de eficiencia enerxética.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span>[</span>184<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transporte">Transporte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Editar a sección: «Transporte»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=18" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Transporte"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:E7_F4_Asama_522_Omiya_20140419.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/E7_F4_Asama_522_Omiya_20140419.jpg/220px-E7_F4_Asama_522_Omiya_20140419.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/E7_F4_Asama_522_Omiya_20140419.jpg/330px-E7_F4_Asama_522_Omiya_20140419.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/E7_F4_Asama_522_Omiya_20140419.jpg/440px-E7_F4_Asama_522_Omiya_20140419.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Shinkansen</a> E7 da compañía <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan_Railways_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japan Railways Group (a páxina aínda non existe)">JR East</a></figcaption></figure> <p>O sector do transporte no Xapón destaca pola súa eficiencia enerxética, xa que usa menos enerxía por persoa comparado con outros <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_desenvolvido" title="País desenvolvido">países desenvolvidos</a>, principalmente grazas a unha gran porcentaxe de uso de ferrocarrís e as baixas distancias de viaxe.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span>[</span>185<span>]</span></a></sup> Por outra banda o transporte do país é un dos máis caros do mundo, principalmente debido aos altos impostos e peaxes e particularmente no transporte por estrada.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span>[</span>186<span>]</span></a></sup> No Xapón o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentido_da_circulaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentido da circulación (a páxina aínda non existe)">sentido da circulación</a> é polo lado esquerdo,<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span>[</span>187<span>]</span></a></sup> e unha única rede de <a href="/wiki/Autoestrada" title="Autoestrada">autoestradas</a> de peaxe de alta velocidade establecida no 1957 conecta as principais cidades do país,<sup id="cite_ref-develop_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-develop-188"><span>[</span>188<span>]</span></a></sup> con peaxes operadas por empresas privadas.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span>[</span>189<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dende a privatización do <a href="/wiki/Ferrocarril" title="Ferrocarril">sistema ferroviario</a> do país no ano 1987, existen ducias de empresas que compiten no mercado de transporte de pasaxeiros rexional e local. As principais destas compañías son varias do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan_Railways_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japan Railways Group (a páxina aínda non existe)">Japan Railways Group</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kintetsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kintetsu (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kintetsu Corporation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seibu_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seibu Railway (a páxina aínda non existe)">Seibu Railway</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keio_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keio Corporation (a páxina aínda non existe)">Keio Corporation</a>. O país conta cunhas 250 liñas de trens <a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Shinkansen</a> de alta velocidade que conectan as principais cidades do país, trens que contan cunha reputación de gran puntualidade e seguridade.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span>[</span>190<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span>[</span>191<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuo_Shinkansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuo Shinkansen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Chuo Shinkansen</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">中央新幹線</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span>, unha liña de tren <a href="/wiki/Maglev" class="mw-redirect" title="Maglev">maglev</a> en construción entre <a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a> con plans de expansión ata <a href="/wiki/Osaca" title="Osaca">Osaca</a>, terá unha duración de viaxe estimada de 40 minutos entre Toquio e Nagoya e 67 minutos entre Toquio e Osaca, cunha velocidade máxima de 505 km/h.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-192"><span>[</span>192<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hai 175 <a href="/wiki/Aeroporto" title="Aeroporto">aeroportos</a> no Xapón,<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> sendo o <a href="/wiki/Aeroporto_de_Haneda" title="Aeroporto de Haneda">Aeroporto de Haneda</a> o maior aeroporto doméstico e o segundo con máis tráfico de pasaxeiros de Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span>[</span>193<span>]</span></a></sup> Os principais aeroportos internacionais son o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeroporto_Internacional_de_Narita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeroporto Internacional de Narita (a páxina aínda non existe)">Aeroporto Internacional de Narita</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeroporto_Internacional_de_Kansai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeroporto Internacional de Kansai (a páxina aínda non existe)">Aeroporto Internacional de Kansai</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeroporto_Internacional_de_Ch%C5%ABbu_Centrair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeroporto Internacional de Chūbu Centrair (a páxina aínda non existe)">Aeroporto Internacional de Chūbu Centrair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span>[</span>194<span>]</span></a></sup> No ano 2014 Xapón tiña o cuarto maior mercado aéreo de pasaxeiros do mundo, cun tráfico total de 110 544 000 pasaxeiros.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span>[</span>195<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porto_de_Nagoya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porto de Nagoya (a páxina aínda non existe)">Porto de Nagoya</a> é o maior porto marítimo e o de maior tráfico do país.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span>[</span>196<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografía"><span id="Demograf.C3.ADa"></span>Demografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Editar a sección: «Demografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=19" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Demografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demograf%C3%ADa_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografía do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Demografía do Xapón</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Population_pyramid_of_Japan,_2010.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Population_pyramid_of_Japan%2C_2010.svg/220px-Population_pyramid_of_Japan%2C_2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Population_pyramid_of_Japan%2C_2010.svg/330px-Population_pyramid_of_Japan%2C_2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Population_pyramid_of_Japan%2C_2010.svg/440px-Population_pyramid_of_Japan%2C_2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Pirámide de poboación do Xapón no 2010.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg/220px-Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg/330px-Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg/440px-Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Evolución histórica e estimación da poboación total do Xapón.</figcaption></figure> <p>A poboación do Xapón está estimada nuns 127 millóns de persoas,<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> o 80% deles vivindo na illa <a href="/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Honshū">Honshū</a>. A sociedade xaponesa é culturalmente homoxénea,<sup id="cite_ref-MulticulturalJapan_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MulticulturalJapan-197"><span>[</span>197<span>]</span></a></sup> composta por un 98,5% de etnia xaponesa,<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> con pequenas poboacións de estranxeiros.<sup id="cite_ref-MulticulturalJapan_197-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MulticulturalJapan-197"><span>[</span>197<span>]</span></a></sup> A poboación de orixe <a href="/wiki/Corea" title="Corea">coreana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span>[</span>198<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">chinesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipinas" title="Filipinas">filipina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">brasileira</a> (maioritariamente de ascendencia xaponesa),<sup id="cite_ref-nikkeijin_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkeijin-199"><span>[</span>199<span>]</span></a></sup> e <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú">peruana</a> (de ascendencia xaponesa) conforman os poucos grupos étnicos minoritarios existentes no país.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span>[</span>200<span>]</span></a></sup> No ano 2003 había uns 134 700 occidentais non latinoamericanos e uns 345 500 expatriados <a href="/wiki/Latinoam%C3%A9rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinoamérica">latinoamericanos</a>, dos que uns 274 700 eran brasileiros,<sup id="cite_ref-nikkeijin_199-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nikkeijin-199"><span>[</span>199<span>]</span></a></sup> formando a maior comunidade de estranxeiros no país.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span>[</span>201<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O grupo nativo dominante é o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pobo_Yamato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pobo Yamato (a páxina aínda non existe)">pobo Yamato</a>, mentres que os grupos minoritarios da rexión inclúen o <a href="/wiki/Pobo_ainu" title="Pobo ainu">pobo ainu</a><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span>[</span>202<span>]</span></a></sup> e o <a href="/wiki/Pobo_ryukyu" title="Pobo ryukyu">pobo ryukyu</a>, así como grupos sociais minoritarios como os <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burakumin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burakumin (a páxina aínda non existe)">burakumin</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span>[</span>203<span>]</span></a></sup> Tamén existen persoas con devanceiros mixtos incorporados ós Yamato, como por exemplo os procedentes das <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illas_Bonin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illas Bonin (a páxina aínda non existe)">Illas Bonin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mccormack1999_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mccormack1999-204"><span>[</span>204<span>]</span></a></sup> No 2014 os traballadores estranxeiros non nacionalizados ocupaban só o 1,5% da poboación total do país.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span>[</span>205<span>]</span></a></sup> O Xapón considérase un país etnicamente homoxéneo, e non hai unha estatística oficial do estado no que respecta á etnicidade, malia que existen estudos que describen o país como unha sociedade multi-étnica.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span>[</span>206<span>]</span></a></sup> Gran parte dos <a href="/wiki/Pobo_xapon%C3%A9s" title="Pobo xaponés">xaponeses</a> ven o Xapón como unha sociedade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoculturalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monoculturalismo (a páxina aínda non existe)">monocultural</a>, incluíndo representantes do goberno con diversas declaracións públicas neste respecto que recibiron críticas de membros das diversas minorías étnicas como os <a href="/wiki/Pobo_ainu" title="Pobo ainu">ainu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span>[</span>207<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xapón ten a segunda maior <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_de_vida" title="Esperanza de vida">esperanza de vida</a> do mundo, acadando os 83,5 anos para os nados entre 2010 e 2015, e a terceira menor <a href="/wiki/Mortalidade_infantil" title="Mortalidade infantil">mortalidade infantil</a> do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span>[</span>208<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-haaretz.com_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-209"><span>[</span>209<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Table_A.17_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Table_A.17-210"><span>[</span>210<span>]</span></a></sup> A poboación xaponesa sofre dende finais do século XX e comezos do XXI un rápido envellecemento debido ao <i>baby boom</i> trala <a href="/wiki/Segunda_guerra_mundial" title="Segunda guerra mundial">segunda guerra mundial</a> sucedido por unha forte diminución na <a href="/wiki/Taxa_de_natalidade" title="Taxa de natalidade">taxa de natalidade</a> en anos posteriores. No 2012 aproximadamente o 24,1% da poboación tiña máis de 65 anos de idade, cunha proxección de que esta proporción chegue a case o 40% arredor do ano 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-211"><span>[</span>211<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estes cambios na estrutura demográfica do país provocan unha serie de problemas sociais, particularmente un potencial declive na poboación traballadora e un aumento do custo dos beneficios sociais como o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_de_pensi%C3%B3ns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan de pensións (a páxina aínda non existe)">plan de pensións</a> público.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span>[</span>212<span>]</span></a></sup> Ademais, os matrimonios e as persoas que non teñen fillos aumentaron considerablemente nos últimos anos.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogawa_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogawa-213"><span>[</span>213<span>]</span></a></sup> Segundo datos do 2011, a poboación do Xapón diminuíra por quinto ano consecutivo, baixando nunhas 204 000 persoas ata acadar os 126,24 millóns de habitantes. Este foi o maior declive de poboación do país dende o ano 1947, o primeiro no que se tomaron datos de poboación comparables.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span>[</span>214<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Terremoto_e_tsunami_de_Sendai_de_2011" title="Terremoto e tsunami de Sendai de 2011">terremoto e tsunami de Sendai de 2011</a> foi outro factor neste declive da poboación, causando unhas 16 000 mortes e 2 600 desaparicións a data de 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span>[</span>215<span>]</span></a></sup> Outro dos problemas demográficos do país é o seu alto índice de <a href="/wiki/Suicidio" title="Suicidio">suicidios</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-216"><span>[</span>216<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Times_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-217"><span>[</span>217<span>]</span></a></sup> que no ano 2009 excederon os 30 000 por duodécimo ano consecutivo.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span>[</span>218<span>]</span></a></sup> O suicidio é a primeira causa de falecemento no país para persoas de menos de 30 anos de idade.<sup id="cite_ref-ozawa-desilva_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ozawa-desilva-219"><span>[</span>219<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diversas estimacións indican que a poboación do país vai diminuír ata un número de entre 95 e 100 millóns de habitantes cara ao ano 2050,<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span>[</span>220<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span>[</span>221<span>]</span></a></sup> polo que os investigadores e o goberno do país están a estudar posibles solucións a este problema.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogawa_213-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogawa-213"><span>[</span>213<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n" title="Inmigración">inmigración</a> e as axudas á natalidade adoitan suxerirse como posibles solucións para conseguir traballadores novos que poidan soportar economicamente a poboación cada vez máis avellentada do país.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span>[</span>222<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span>[</span>223<span>]</span></a></sup> O Xapón acepta un número estable de 15 000 cidadáns por nacionalización (帰化<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja"><i>naturalización</i></span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span>) ao ano,<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span>[</span>224<span>]</span></a></sup> pero segundo un informe de <a href="/wiki/Alto_Comisionado_das_Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas_para_os_Refuxiados" title="Alto Comisionado das Nacións Unidas para os Refuxiados">ACNUR</a> no 2012 Xapón só aceptou 18 refuxiados dos máis de 2000 que solicitaron asilo no país.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span>[</span>225<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; font-size:120%;">Cidades máis poboadas do <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xapón</a><span style="font-weight:normal;"><small><sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span>[</span>226<span>]</span></a></sup></small></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12" style="background-color:#ddddff; padding-left:7px; padding-right:7px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_(revised).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg/150px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg/225px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg/300px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_%28revised%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="1858" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Barrios_de_Toquio" title="Barrios de Toquio">Toquio</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Yokohama_MinatoMirai21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yokohama_MinatoMirai21.jpg/150px-Yokohama_MinatoMirai21.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yokohama_MinatoMirai21.jpg/225px-Yokohama_MinatoMirai21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Yokohama_MinatoMirai21.jpg/300px-Yokohama_MinatoMirai21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Posición </th> <th>Localidade </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Prefecturas_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Prefecturas do Xapón">Prefectura</a> </th> <th>Pob. </th> <th>Posición </th> <th>Localidade </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Prefecturas_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Prefecturas do Xapón">Prefectura</a> </th> <th>Pob. </th> <td rowspan="12" style="background-color:#ddddff; padding-left:7px; padding-right:7px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Osaka_Castle_03bs3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Osaka_Castle_03bs3200.jpg/150px-Osaka_Castle_03bs3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Osaka_Castle_03bs3200.jpg/225px-Osaka_Castle_03bs3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Osaka_Castle_03bs3200.jpg/300px-Osaka_Castle_03bs3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2133" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Osaca" title="Osaca">Osaca</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nagoya_dome_from_Midland_Square.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nagoya_dome_from_Midland_Square.JPG/150px-Nagoya_dome_from_Midland_Square.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nagoya_dome_from_Midland_Square.JPG/225px-Nagoya_dome_from_Midland_Square.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Nagoya_dome_from_Midland_Square.JPG/300px-Nagoya_dome_from_Midland_Square.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Barrios_de_Toquio" title="Barrios de Toquio">Toquio</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">8,949,447</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Hiroshima" title="Prefectura de Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,174,209</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Yokohama" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kanagawa" title="Prefectura de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">3,689,603</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Miyagi" title="Prefectura de Miyagi">Miyagi</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,045,903</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Osaca" title="Osaca">Osaca</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Osaca" title="Prefectura de Osaca">Osaca</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">2,666,371</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kitakyushu" title="Kitakyushu">Kitakyushu</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Fukuoka" title="Prefectura de Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">977,288</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Aichi" title="Prefectura de Aichi">Aichi</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">2,263,907</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Chiba" title="Chiba">Chiba</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Chiba" title="Prefectura de Chiba">Chiba</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">962,130</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,914,434</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sakai,_Osaka" title="Sakai, Osaka">Sakai</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Osaca" title="Prefectura de Osaca">Osaca</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">842,134</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobe">Kobe</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Prefectura de Hyōgo">Hyōgo</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,544,873</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Niigata" title="Niigata">Niigata</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Niigata" title="Prefectura de Niigata">Niigata</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">812,192</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kyoto" title="Prefectura de Kyoto">Kyoto</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,474,473</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Shizuoka" title="Prefectura de Shizuoka">Shizuoka</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">800,912</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Fukuoka" title="Prefectura de Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,463,826</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto" title="Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kumamoto" title="Prefectura de Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">734,294</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Kawasaki, Kanagawa">Kawasaki</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kanagawa" title="Prefectura de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,425,678</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sagamihara" title="Sagamihara">Sagamihara</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kanagawa" title="Prefectura de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">717,561</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Saitama" title="Saitama">Saitama</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Saitama" title="Prefectura de Saitama">Saitama</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">1,222,910</span></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka" title="Shizuoka">Shizuoka</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Shizuoka" title="Prefectura de Shizuoka">Shizuoka</a> </td> <td align="right"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">716,328</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relixión"><span id="Relixi.C3.B3n"></span>Relixión</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Editar a sección: «Relixión»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=20" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Relixión"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg/220px-Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg/330px-Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg/440px-Itsukushima_torii_distance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Templo_Itsukushima" class="mw-redirect" title="Templo Itsukushima">Templo Itsukushima</a> preto de <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_da_Humanidade" title="Patrimonio da Humanidade">Patrimonio da Humanidade</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>O <a href="/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo">taoísmo</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Confucianismo" title="Confucianismo">confucianismo</a> dende a <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> son as principais influencias das crenzas e costumes relixiosos xaponeses.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span>[</span>227<span>]</span></a></sup> O país ten liberdade relixiosa de acordo co Artigo 20 da súa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constituci%C3%B3n_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitución do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">constitución</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span>[</span>228<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span>[</span>229<span>]</span></a></sup> Segundo diversas estimacións entre o 84% e o 96% da poboación xaponesa subscribe o <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budismo</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Shinto" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto">Shinto</a>, incluíndo un gran número de seguidores dun <a href="/wiki/Sincretismo" title="Sincretismo">sincretismo</a> das <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinbutsu_sh%C5%ABg%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinbutsu shūgō (a páxina aínda non existe)">dúas relixións</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span>[</span>230<span>]</span></a></sup> Estas estimacións están baseadas nas afiliacións individuais ós diversos templos, polo que outros estudos suxeriron que só o 30% da poboación se identifica realmente como pertencente a unha relixión.<sup id="cite_ref-Kisala_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kisala-231"><span>[</span>231<span>]</span></a></sup> Segundo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_O._Reischauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin O. Reischauer (a páxina aínda non existe)">Edwin Reischauer</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marius_Jansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marius Jansen (a páxina aínda non existe)">Marius Jansen</a>, a finais do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a> entre o 70 e o 80% dos xaponeses non se consideraban crentes de ningunha relixión.<sup id="cite_ref-ReischauerJansen215_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReischauerJansen215-232"><span>[</span>232<span>]</span></a></sup> Menos do 1% dos xaponeses son <a href="/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo">cristiáns</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span>[</span>233<span>]</span></a></sup> e outras relixións minoritarias inclúen o <a href="/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo">islamismo</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Hindu%C3%ADsmo" title="Hinduísmo">hinduísmo</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Sikhismo" title="Sikhismo">sikhismo</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Xuda%C3%ADsmo" title="Xudaísmo">xudaísmo</a> xunto a numerosas novas relixións xurdidas no país dende mediados do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX">século XIX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke-234"><span>[</span>234<span>]</span></a></sup> Malia todo, o nivel de participación en determinados eventos relixiosos é xeralmente alto, especialmente durante os diversos festivais xaponeses como o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatsum%C5%8Dde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatsumōde (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hatsumōde</a></i> ou o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aninovo_Xapon%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aninovo Xaponés (a páxina aínda non existe)">Aninovo Xaponés</a>, e as rúas das cidades adoitan decorarse nas datas do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanabata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanabata (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tanabata</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obon (a páxina aínda non existe)">Obon</a> e polo <a href="/wiki/Nadal" title="Nadal">Nadal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span>[</span>235<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguas">Linguas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Editar a sección: «Linguas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=21" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Linguas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Véxase tamén</i><i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Linguas_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Categoría:Linguas do Xapón">Categoría:Linguas do Xapón</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nihongo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/100px-Nihongo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/150px-Nihongo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nihongo.svg/200px-Nihongo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption>A palabra <i>Nihongo</i> escrita en <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Máis do 99% da poboación do Xapón fala <a href="/wiki/Lingua_xaponesa" title="Lingua xaponesa">xaponés</a> como a súa primeira lingua.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_114-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup> A lingua xaponesa é unha <a href="/wiki/Lingua_aglutinante" title="Lingua aglutinante">lingua aglutinante</a> que se distingue por un sistema de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Honor%C3%ADficos_xaponeses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honoríficos xaponeses (a páxina aínda non existe)">honoríficos</a> que reflicten a natureza xerárquica da sociedade xaponesa, con formas verbais e vocabulario particular que indican o status relativo do falante e do oínte.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span>[</span>236<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Lingua_xaponesa#Sistemas_de_pronuncia_e_escrita_xaponesas" title="Lingua xaponesa">escrita xaponesa</a> emprega caracteres <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> e dous conxuntos de <a href="/wiki/Silabarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Silabarios">silabarios</a> <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a>, así como o <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a> e o sistema de <a href="/wiki/Numeraci%C3%B3n_%C3%A1rabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Numeración árabe">numeración árabe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span>[</span>237<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ademais do xaponés, na cadea de <a href="/wiki/Illas_Ryukyu" title="Illas Ryukyu">illas Ryukyu</a> fálanse as <a href="/wiki/Linguas_ryukyuanas" title="Linguas ryukyuanas">linguas ryukyuanas</a>, que inclúen a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_amami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua amami (a páxina aínda non existe)">lingua amami</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_kunigami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua kunigami (a páxina aínda non existe)">lingua kunigami</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_de_Okinawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua de Okinawa (a páxina aínda non existe)">lingua de Okinawa</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_miyako" title="Lingua miyako">lingua miyako</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_yaeyama" title="Lingua yaeyama">lingua yaeyama</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_yonaguni" title="Lingua yonaguni">lingua yonaguni</a>, e forman parte da familia das <a href="/wiki/Linguas_xap%C3%B3nicas" title="Linguas xapónicas">linguas xapónicas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span>[</span>238<span>]</span></a></sup> Malia os esforzos dos gobernos locais por aumentar o coñecemento sobre estas linguas tradicionais, poucos dos mozos xaponeses estudan estas linguas.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span>[</span>239<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ainu" title="Lingua ainu">lingua ainu</a>, que non ten relación probada co xaponés ou con calquera outra lingua, está <a href="/wiki/Lingua_en_perigo_de_extinci%C3%B3n" title="Lingua en perigo de extinción">en perigo de extinción</a>, con tan só uns poucos falantes nativos restantes en <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span>[</span>240<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educación"><span id="Educaci.C3.B3n"></span>Educación</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Editar a sección: «Educación»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=22" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Educación"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As escolas de primaria, secundaria e as universidades foron introducidas no Xapón en 1872 como resultado da <a href="/wiki/Historia_do_Xap%C3%B3n#Imperialismo_xaponés" title="Historia do Xapón">Restauración Meiji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span>[</span>241<span>]</span></a></sup> Dende o ano 1947 a educación obrigatoria inclúe a <a href="/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3n_primaria" title="Educación primaria">educación primaria</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3n_secundaria" title="Educación secundaria">secundaria</a>, que no seu conxunto duran un total de nove anos, dende os 6 ata os 15 anos de idade. Case tódolos mozos continúan a súa educación nun instituto sénior durante tres anos. Segundo o Ministerio de Educación do país, no 2005 ao redor do 75,9% dos graduados de instituto asistiron posteriormente a unha universidade, colexio maior, escola de negocios ou outras institucións educativas semellantes.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup> As dúas universidades mellor valoradas do Xapón son a <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Toquio" title="Universidade de Toquio">Universidade de Toquio</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Kyoto" title="Universidade de Kyoto">Universidade de Kyoto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span>[</span>243<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span>[</span>244<span>]</span></a></sup> O "Programa para a Avaliación de Estudantes Internacionais" coordinado pola <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_para_a_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_e_o_Desenvolvemento_Econ%C3%B3mico" title="Organización para a Cooperación e o Desenvolvemento Económico">OCDE</a> valorou o conxunto do coñecemento xeral e capacidades dos estudantes xaponeses de 15 anos de idade como o sexto mellor do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span>[</span>245<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saúde"><span id="Sa.C3.BAde"></span>Saúde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Editar a sección: «Saúde»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=23" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Saúde"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No Xapón o goberno nacional xunto ós locais fornecen un sistema de saúde. O pago de servizos médicos persoais ofrécese a través dun sistema de seguros de saúde universais que proporcionan unha relativa igualdade de acceso, con tarifas definidas por un comité gobernamental, e os cidadáns que non posúen un seguro por medio dun emprego poden participar nun programa nacional de seguros de saúde administrado polos gobernos locais. Dende o ano 1973 tódolos anciáns están cubertos por un sistema de seguros fornecido polo goberno,<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span>[</span>246<span>]</span></a></sup> e tódolos pacientes poden escoller médicos e centros de saúde para os seus tratamentos médicos.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span>[</span>247<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime_e_seguridade">Crime e seguridade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Editar a sección: «Crime e seguridade»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=24" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Crime e seguridade"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Yakuza_at_Sanja_Matsuri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Yakuza_at_Sanja_Matsuri.jpg/220px-Yakuza_at_Sanja_Matsuri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Yakuza_at_Sanja_Matsuri.jpg/330px-Yakuza_at_Sanja_Matsuri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Yakuza_at_Sanja_Matsuri.jpg/440px-Yakuza_at_Sanja_Matsuri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza">Yakuza</a> no festival <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanja_Matsuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanja Matsuri (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sanja Matsuri</a> en <a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A taxa de crime no Xapón atópase entre as máis baixas dos países desenvolvidos.<sup id="cite_ref-UNODC2013_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNODC2013-248"><span>[</span>248<span>]</span></a></sup> No ano 2010 os corpos de seguridade do estado contaban cun persoal de máis de 290 000 membros nas forzas da Axencia Nacional de Policía e máis de 280 000 no corpo da Policía Prefectural,<sup id="cite_ref-Numbers_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Numbers-249"><span>[</span>249<span>]</span></a></sup> e no 2013 o país rexistrou unha diminución na súa taxa de criminalidade por undécimo ano consecutivo, acadando un mínimo histórico dende a metade do século XX.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span>[</span>250<span>]</span></a></sup> A posesión de armas está prohibida no país para o público xeral, os <a href="/wiki/Rifle" class="mw-disambig" title="Rifle">rifles</a> de <a href="/wiki/Cinex%C3%A9tica" title="Cinexética">caza</a> e espadas cerimoniais deben rexistrarse na policía e a manufactura e venda de armas está regulada por lei.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span>[</span>251<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza">Yakuza</a> é a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mafia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mafia (a páxina aínda non existe)">mafia</a> organizada orixinaria do país, cun total estimado de 58 000 membros no país no ano 2014, número que se foi reducindo dende a última década do século XX trala aprobación de diversas leis específicas promulgadas no país contra este tipo de organizacións.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span>[</span>252<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span>[</span>253<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Editar a sección: «Cultura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=25" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Cultura"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_do_Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura do Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cultura do Xapón</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <p>A cultura xaponesa sufriu un gran desenvolvemento dende as súas orixes. A cultura contemporánea combina influencias de <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Norteam%C3%A9rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Norteamérica">Norteamérica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ECJC_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECJC-254"><span>[</span>254<span>]</span></a></sup> As artes tradicionais xaponesas inclúen a <a href="/wiki/Artesan%C3%ADa" title="Artesanía">artesanía</a> de <a href="/wiki/Olar%C3%ADa" title="Olaría">olaría</a> e <a href="/wiki/Porcelana" title="Porcelana">porcelana</a>, dos <a href="/wiki/Quimono" title="Quimono">quimonos</a>, do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lacado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lacado (a páxina aínda non existe)">lacado</a> xaponés, das <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espadas_xaponesas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espadas xaponesas (a páxina aínda non existe)">espadas xaponesas</a> e dos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonecos_tradicionais_xaponeses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonecos tradicionais xaponeses (a páxina aínda non existe)">bonecos tradicionais xaponeses</a>, as actuacións de <a href="/wiki/Bunraku" title="Bunraku">bunraku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">kabuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">noh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danza_tradicional_xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danza tradicional xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">danza</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakugo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakugo (a páxina aínda non existe)">rakugo</a>, e outras prácticas como a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerimonia_do_t%C3%A9_xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerimonia do té xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">cerimonia do té xaponesa</a>, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikebana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikebana (a páxina aínda non existe)">ikebana</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Artes_marciais" class="mw-redirect" title="Artes marciais">artes marciais</a> xaponesas, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligraf%C3%ADa_xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caligrafía xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">caligrafía xaponesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">origami</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onsen (a páxina aínda non existe)">onsen</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Gueixa" title="Gueixa">gueixas</a> e diversos xogos tradicionais.<sup id="cite_ref-ECJC_254-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECJC-254"><span>[</span>254<span>]</span></a></sup> Xapón desenvolveu un sistema de protección e promoción das propiedades culturais tanxibles e intanxibles e dos Tesouros Nacionais do país..<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span>[</span>255<span>]</span></a></sup> Quince dos dezanove lugares inscritos como <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_da_Humanidade" title="Patrimonio da Humanidade">Patrimonio da Humanidade</a> da <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> do país son pola súa importancia cultural.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco1_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco1-131"><span>[</span>131<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:left; width:25em; float:right; margin:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;" colspan="3">Festivos do Xapón<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span>[</span>256<span>]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Data </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Nome </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Tradución </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1_de_xaneiro" title="1 de xaneiro">1 de xaneiro</a></td> <td>元日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Ganjitsu</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Aninovo </td></tr> <tr> <td>Segundo luns de xaneiro</td> <td>成人の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Seijin no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día da maioría de idade </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11_de_febreiro" title="11 de febreiro">11 de febreiro</a></td> <td>建国記念の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Kenkoku Kinen no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día da Fundación Nacional </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sobre o <a href="/wiki/20_de_marzo" title="20 de marzo">20 de marzo</a></td> <td>春分の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Shunbun no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día do equinoccio de primavera </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/29_de_abril" title="29 de abril">29 de abril</a></td> <td>昭和の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Shōwa no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día de Shōwa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3_de_maio" title="3 de maio">3 de maio</a></td> <td>憲法記念日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Kenpō Kinenbi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día da Constitución </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4_de_maio" title="4 de maio">4 de maio</a></td> <td>みどりの日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Midori no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día da vexetación </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5_de_maio" title="5 de maio">5 de maio</a></td> <td>こどもの日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Kodomo no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día dos nenos </td></tr> <tr> <td>Terceiro luns de xullo</td> <td>海の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Umi no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día dos océanos </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11_de_agosto" title="11 de agosto">11 de agosto</a></td> <td>山の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Yama no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día da montaña </td></tr> <tr> <td>Terceiro luns de setembro</td> <td>敬老の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Keirō no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día do respecto ós maiores </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sobre o 23 de setembro</td> <td>秋分の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Shūbun no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día do equinoccio de outono </td></tr> <tr> <td>Segundo luns de outubro</td> <td>体育の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Taiiku no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día da saúde e do deporte </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3_de_novembro" title="3 de novembro">3 de novembro</a></td> <td>文化の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Bunka no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día da cultura </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/23_de_novembro" title="23 de novembro">23 de novembro</a></td> <td>勤労感謝の日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Kinrō Kansha no Hi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Día do traballo </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/23_de_decembro" title="23 de decembro">23 de decembro</a></td> <td>天皇誕生日<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">Tennō Tanjōbi</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span></td> <td>Aniversario do emperador </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arte">Arte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Editar a sección: «Arte»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=26" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Arte"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arte_xaponesa" title="Arte xaponesa">Arte xaponesa</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Kinkaku-ji_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kinkaku-ji_01.jpg/220px-Kinkaku-ji_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kinkaku-ji_01.jpg/330px-Kinkaku-ji_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Kinkaku-ji_01.jpg/440px-Kinkaku-ji_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="1827" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinkaku-ji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinkaku-ji (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kinkaku-ji</a>, parte dos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monumentos_Hist%C3%B3ricos_da_Antiga_Kyoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monumentos Históricos da Antiga Kyoto (a páxina aínda non existe)">Monumentos Históricos da Antiga Kyoto</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Os templos do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santuario_de_Ise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santuario de Ise (a páxina aínda non existe)">Santuario de Ise</a> están considerados como o prototipo da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura_xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arquitectura xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">arquitectura xaponesa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span>[</span>257<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span>[</span>258<span>]</span></a></sup> Construídas na súa maioría con <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">madeira</a>, as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minka (a páxina aínda non existe)">casas tradicionais</a> e moitos templos usan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatami (a páxina aínda non existe)">tatamis</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8Dji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shōji (a páxina aínda non existe)">portas corredías</a> que separan as habitacións e os espazos interiores dos exteriores.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span>[</span>259<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escultura_xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escultura xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">escultura xaponesa</a>, principalmente en madeira, e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pintura_xaponesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pintura xaponesa (a páxina aínda non existe)">pintura xaponesa</a> están entre as artes xaponesas máis antigas, con rexistros das primeiras pinturas figurativas que datan do <a href="/wiki/-300" title="-300">300 a. C.</a> A historia da pintura xaponesa é un reflexo da síntese e competición entre a estética tradicional xaponesa e a adaptación de ideas importadas doutras culturas.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-260"><span>[</span>260<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg/220px-Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg/330px-Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg/440px-Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8242" data-file-height="5640" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/A_grande_onda_de_Kanagawa" title="A grande onda de Kanagawa">A grande onda de Kanagawa</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> de <a href="/wiki/Hokusai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A interacción entre a arte xaponesa e a <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">europea</a> foi significativa durante a historia moderna. Como exemplo, os gravados <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a>, que comezaron a exportarse no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX">século XIX</a> durante o movemento coñecido como <a href="/wiki/Xaponismo" title="Xaponismo">Xaponismo</a>, foron unha influencia importante no desenvolvemento da arte moderna occidental, particularmente no <a href="/wiki/Post-impresionismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-impresionismo">post-impresionismo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_260-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-260"><span>[</span>260<span>]</span></a></sup> Algúns dos artistas de ukiyo-e máis famosos foron <a href="/wiki/Hiroshige" title="Hiroshige">Hiroshige</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hokusai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokusai">Hokusai</a>, quen acuñou o termo <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a><sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span>[</span>261<span>]</span></a></sup> co que se coñece a <a href="/wiki/Banda_dese%C3%B1ada" title="Banda deseñada">banda deseñada</a> xaponesa que se desenvolveu no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a> e acadou unha gran popularidade en todo o mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span>[</span>262<span>]</span></a></sup> O cine de animación xaponés, coñecido como <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>, tamén se fixo moi popular a finais do século XX,<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span>[</span>263<span>]</span></a></sup> e os <a href="/wiki/Videoxogo" title="Videoxogo">videoxogos</a> xaponeses son uns dos máis populares dende a década de 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span>[</span>264<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Editar a sección: «Literatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=27" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Literatura"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As primeiras obras literarias xaponesas son as crónicas <i><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i> e <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i> e a antoloxía poética <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Man'yōshū (a páxina aínda non existe)">Man'yōshū</a></i>, todas elas do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVIII" title="Século XVIII">século XVIII</a> e escritas en caracteres chineses.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span>[</span>265<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span>[</span>266<span>]</span></a></sup> A comezos do período Heian desenvolveuse o sistema de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonograma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonograma (a páxina aínda non existe)">fonogramas</a> coñecidos como <i>kana</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> e <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a>). A obra do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taketori_Monogatari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taketori Monogatari (a páxina aínda non existe)">Taketori Monogatari</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">竹取物語</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span> está considerada a obra narrativa xaponesa máis antiga,<sup id="cite_ref-ispmsu_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ispmsu-267"><span>[</span>267<span>]</span></a></sup> mentres que un reconto da vida da corte no período Heian se dá na obra <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makura_no_S%C5%8Dshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makura no Sōshi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Makura no Sōshi</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">枕草子</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sei_Sh%C5%8Dnagon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sei Shōnagon (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sei Shōnagon</a> e a obra do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XI" title="Século XI">século XI</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Genji_Monogatari" title="Genji Monogatari">Genji Monogatari</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">源氏物語</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span> de <a href="/wiki/Murasaki_Shikibu" title="Murasaki Shikibu">Murasaki Shikibu</a> adoita describirse como a primeira <a href="/wiki/Novela" title="Novela">novela</a> da historia.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span>[</span>268<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span>[</span>269<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/220px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/330px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg/440px-Genji_emaki_01003_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Pergamiño ilustrado do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII">século XII</a> de <i><a href="/wiki/Genji_Monogatari" title="Genji Monogatari">Genji Monogatari</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Durante o período Edo, os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C5%8Dnin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chōnin (a páxina aínda non existe)">chōnin</a> ('cidadáns') superaron á aristocracia <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> como produtores e consumidores de literatura no Xapón. A popularidade de obras de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saikaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saikaku (a páxina aínda non existe)">Saikaku</a> é un exemplo deste cambio na lectura e autoría, mentres que <a href="/wiki/Matsuo_Bash%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsuo Bashō">Bashō</a> reviviu a tradición poética do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokinsh%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokinshū (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kokinshū</a> cos seus <a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">haiku</a>) e escribiu o diario de viaxe poético <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oku_no_Hosomichi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oku no Hosomichi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Oku no Hosomichi</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">奥の細道</span><sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Xapon%C3%A9s" title="Axuda:Xaponés"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></a></sup>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span>[</span>270<span>]</span></a></sup> A época Meiji viu un declive das formas literarias tradicionais debido á integración de influencias literarias occidentais. <a href="/wiki/Natsume_S%C5%8Dseki" title="Natsume Sōseki">Natsume Sōseki</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mori_%C5%8Cgai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mori Ōgai (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mori Ōgai</a> están considerados os primeiros novelistas modernos do Xapón, seguidos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ry%C5%ABnosuke_Akutagawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ryūnosuke Akutagawa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jun%27ichir%C5%8D_Tanizaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (a páxina aínda non existe)">Jun'ichirō Tanizaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima" title="Yukio Mishima">Yukio Mishima</a> e <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a>. O Xapón ten dous autores gañadores do <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Premio Nobel de Literatura">Premio Nobel de Literatura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a> no 1968 e <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> no 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-ispmsu_267-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ispmsu-267"><span>[</span>267<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Música"><span id="M.C3.BAsica"></span>Música</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Editar a sección: «Música»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=28" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Música"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:TaikoDrummersAichiJapan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TaikoDrummersAichiJapan.jpg/220px-TaikoDrummersAichiJapan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TaikoDrummersAichiJapan.jpg/330px-TaikoDrummersAichiJapan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/TaikoDrummersAichiJapan.jpg/440px-TaikoDrummersAichiJapan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Grupo de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiko (a páxina aínda non existe)">kumi-daiko</a> en <a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Aichi" title="Prefectura de Aichi">Aichi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Xapón é o maior mercado para a música física do mundo, cun volume de vendas de 2000 millóns de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_estadounidense" title="Dólar estadounidense">dólares</a> no ano 2014, e o segundo mercado global de música, cun valor total de vendas de 2600 millóns de dólares no 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span>[</span>271<span>]</span></a></sup> Este mercado está dominado por artistas xaponeses, abarcando 37 dos 50 álbums<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span>[</span>272<span>]</span></a></sup> e 49 dos 50 sinxelos máis vendidos no país durante o ano 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span>[</span>273<span>]</span></a></sup> A música local é habitual nos múltiples locais de <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">karaoke</a> do país, nos que os propios selos discográficos teñen participación.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span>[</span>274<span>]</span></a></sup> A música xaponesa tradicional diferénciase da occidental en que adoita estar baseada en intervalos de respiración humana no lugar de usar unha notación matemática.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275"><span>[</span>275<span>]</span></a></sup> A música folclórica xaponesa coñécese co nome de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Min%27y%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Min'yō (a páxina aínda non existe)">Min'yō</a>, na que os cantantes adoitan ir acompañados de <a href="/wiki/La%C3%BAde" title="Laúde">laúdes</a> de tres cordas coñecidos como <a href="/wiki/Shamisen" title="Shamisen">shamisen</a>, así como de <a href="/wiki/Tambor" title="Tambor">tambores</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taiko (a páxina aínda non existe)">taiko</a> e dunha <a href="/wiki/Frauta" title="Frauta">frauta</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bamb%C3%BA" title="Bambú">bambú</a> chamada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakuhachi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakuhachi (a páxina aínda non existe)">shakuhachi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-malm.1963_276-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malm.1963-276"><span>[</span>276<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomía"><span id="Gastronom.C3.ADa"></span>Gastronomía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Editar a sección: «Gastronomía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=29" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Gastronomía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A gastronomía xaponesa baséase na combinación de <a href="/wiki/Alimento_b%C3%A1sico" title="Alimento básico">alimentos básicos</a>, tipicamente <a href="/wiki/Arroz" title="Arroz">arroz</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Fideo" title="Fideo">fideos</a>, cunha <a href="/wiki/Sopa" title="Sopa">sopa</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> e pratos de <a href="/wiki/Peixe" class="mw-redirect" title="Peixe">peixe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vexetal" title="Vexetal">vexetais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a> e outros alimentos semellantes, para engadir sabor ao alimento básico. A comezos da época moderna introducíronse novos ingredientes non empregados previamente, como por exemplo as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carne_vermella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carne vermella (a páxina aínda non existe)">carnes vermellas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span>[</span>277<span>]</span></a></sup> A cociña xaponesa é coñecida pola súa énfase nos alimentos de temporada,<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span>[</span>278<span>]</span></a></sup> na calidade dos ingredientes e na presentación.<sup id="cite_ref-ashkenazi_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashkenazi-279"><span>[</span>279<span>]</span></a></sup> A gastronomía xaponesa tamén presenta un amplo conxunto de especialidades rexionais que se basean en receitas tradicionais e ingredientes locais.<sup id="cite_ref-ashkenazi_279-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashkenazi-279"><span>[</span>279<span>]</span></a></sup> O peixe é un elemento común, servido en moitas ocasións cru en forma de <a href="/wiki/Sashimi" title="Sashimi">sashimi</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Suxi" title="Suxi">suxi</a>, e o <a href="/wiki/Marisco" title="Marisco">marisco</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vexetal" title="Vexetal">vexetais</a> adoitan fretirse cun lixeiro rebozado en forma de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempura (a páxina aínda non existe)">tempura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span>[</span>280<span>]</span></a></sup> No 2010 a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%ADa_Michelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guía Michelin (a páxina aínda non existe)">Guía Michelin</a> outorgou a restaurantes do Xapón tantas estrelas Michelin coma ao resto de restaurantes do mundo xuntos.<sup id="cite_ref-michelin20101124_281-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-michelin20101124-281"><span>[</span>281<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deporte">Deporte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Editar a sección: «Deporte»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=30" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Deporte"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Véxase tamén</i><i>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n_nos_Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos" title="Xapón nos Xogos Olímpicos">Xapón nos Xogos Olímpicos</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG/220px-Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG/330px-Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG/440px-Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption>Combate de <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> no 2008 entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asash%C5%8Dry%C5%AB_Akinori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asashōryū Akinori (a páxina aínda non existe)">Asashōryū Akinori</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotosh%C5%8Dgiku_Kazuhiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotoshōgiku Kazuhiro (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kotoshōgiku Kazuhiro</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tradicionalmente o <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> está considerado o deporte nacional do Xapón,<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span>[</span>282<span>]</span></a></sup> e as <a href="/wiki/Artes_marciais" class="mw-redirect" title="Artes marciais">artes marciais</a> como o <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Karate" title="Karate">karate</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">kendo</a> teñen tamén moitos practicantes e espectadores no país.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span>[</span>283<span>]</span></a></sup> Trala Restauración Meiji introducíronse moitos deportes occidentais no Xapón que comezaron a espallarse polo sistema educativo.<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span>[</span>284<span>]</span></a></sup> Xapón foi o anfitrión dos <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos" title="Xogos Olímpicos">Xogos Olímpicos</a> <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_1964" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 1964">de 1964 en Toquio</a>, e por dúas veces dos <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno" title="Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno">Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno</a>, os de <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno_de_1972" title="Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 1972">1972 en Sapporo</a> e os de <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno_de_1998" title="Xogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 1998">1998 en Nagano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span>[</span>285<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286"><span>[</span>286<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a> vai ser o anfitrión dos <a href="/wiki/Xogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_2020" title="Xogos Olímpicos de 2020">Xogos Olímpicos de 2020</a>, o que o converterá na primeira cidade asiática en acoller uns Xogos Olímpicos en dúas ocasións.<sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287"><span>[</span>287<span>]</span></a></sup> O Xapón é o país asiático con máis éxitos deportivos no <a href="/wiki/Rugby#Rugby_15_ou_rugby_union" title="Rugby">rugby</a>, e no 2019 vai ser o país anfitrión da <a href="/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_de_Rugby" title="Copa do Mundo de Rugby">Copa do Mundo de Rugby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288"><span>[</span>288<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9isbol" title="Béisbol">béisbol</a> tornouse no deporte máis popular no país dende mediados do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289"><span>[</span>289<span>]</span></a></sup> A liga profesional do país, coñecida como <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball" title="Nippon Professional Baseball">Nippon Professional Baseball</a>, estableceuse como tal no ano 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290"><span>[</span>290<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol" title="Fútbol">fútbol</a> acadou tamén unha gran popularidade no país dende o establecemento da <a href="/wiki/J._League" class="mw-redirect" title="J. League">J. League</a> no ano 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291"><span>[</span>291<span>]</span></a></sup> O Xapón foi unha das sedes da <a href="/wiki/Copa_Intercontinental_de_F%C3%BAtbol" title="Copa Intercontinental de Fútbol">Copa Intercontinental</a> dende 1981 ata 2004 e foi anfitrioa do <a href="/wiki/Mundial_de_F%C3%BAtbol_de_2002" title="Mundial de Fútbol de 2002">Mundial de Fútbol de 2002</a> xunto a <a href="/wiki/Corea_do_Sur" title="Corea do Sur">Corea do Sur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292"><span>[</span>292<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Selecci%C3%B3n_de_f%C3%BAtbol_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Selección de fútbol do Xapón">selección de fútbol do Xapón</a> é un dos equipos asiáticos con máis logros deportivos neste deporte, con catro títulos da <a href="/wiki/Copa_Asi%C3%A1tica" title="Copa Asiática">Copa Asiática</a> na sección masculina<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293"><span>[</span>293<span>]</span></a></sup> e un título da <a href="/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_de_F%C3%BAtbol_Feminino" title="Copa do Mundo de Fútbol Feminino">Copa do Mundo de Fútbol</a> no 2011 na súa sección feminina.<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294"><span>[</span>294<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> é outro dos deportes populares no país nipón,<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295"><span>[</span>295<span>]</span></a></sup> así como varias disciplinas de <a href="/wiki/Automobilismo" title="Automobilismo">automobilismo</a> como a serie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_GT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super GT (a páxina aínda non existe)">Super GT</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula_Nippon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formula Nippon (a páxina aínda non existe)">Formula Nippon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296"><span>[</span>296<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuta_Tabuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuta Tabuse (a páxina aínda non existe)">Yuta Tabuse</a> foi o primeiro xogador de <a href="/wiki/Baloncesto" title="Baloncesto">baloncesto</a> xaponés en xogar na <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-consulteny_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consulteny-297"><span>[</span>297<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=31" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="font-style: italic; font-size: 95%; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Todas as referencias en inglés agás cando se indique o contrario.</span> </p> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Definicións no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academia.gal/dicionario/-/termo/xapon%C3%A9s"><i>Dicionario da Real Academia Galega</i></a> e no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portaldaspalabras.gal/dicionario/procura/xapon%C3%A9s">Portal das Palabras</a> para <i>xaponés</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053154/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/CHOUSA/2014/02/60o2r100.htm">"「東京都の人口(推計)」の概要(平成26年2月1日現在) (2014)"</a>. <i>Goberno Metropolitano de Toquio</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/INET/CHOUSA/2014/02/60o2r100.htm">o orixinal</a> o 04 de marzo de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de marzo de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=%E3%8C%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%EF%BC%88%E6%8E%A8%E8%A8%88%EF%BC%89%E3%E3%81%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81%EF%BC%88%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9026%E5%B9%B42%E6%9C%881%E6%97%A5%E7%8F%BE%E5%9C%A8%EF%BC%89+%282014%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Goberno+Metropolitano+de+Toquio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metro.tokyo.jp%2FINET%2FCHOUSA%2F2014%2F02%2F60o2r100.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Institute for Urban Strategies, The Mori Memorials Foundation (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/ius2/gpci2/">"Global Power City Index 2015"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de marzo de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Institute+for+Urban+Strategies%2C+The+Mori+Memorials+Foundation&rft.btitle=Global+Power+City+Index+2015&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mori-m-foundation.or.jp%2Fenglish%2Fius2%2Fgpci2%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metrotokyo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-metrotokyo_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Statistics Bureau of Japan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.htm">"Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 26 de novembro de 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Table+2.10+Population+of+Three+Major+Metropolitan+Areas&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Fhandbook%2Fc0117.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-american-interest.com/2015/01/04/the-seven-great-powers/">"The Seven Great Powers"</a>. <i>American-Interest</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de xullo de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+Seven+Great+Powers&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American-Interest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-american-interest.com%2F2015%2F01%2F04%2Fthe-seven-great-powers%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balance_of_Power-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Balance_of_Power_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Paul, T. V.; Wirtz, James J.; Fortmann, Michel (2005). <i>Balance of Power</i>. State University of New York Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-7914-6401-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-7914-6401-6">0-7914-6401-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Fortmann%2C+Michel&rft.au=Wirtz%2C+James+J.&rft.aufirst=T.+V.&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.btitle=Balance+of+Power&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7914-6401-6&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joshua_Baron-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Joshua_Baron_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Baron, Joshua (22 de xaneiro de 2014). <i>Great Power Peace and American Primacy: The Origins and Future of a New International Order</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/1-137-29948-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/1-137-29948-7">1-137-29948-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.btitle=Great+Power+Peace+and+American+Primacy%3A+The+Origins+and+Future+of+a+New+International+Order&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-137-29948-7&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/11926364/Nobel-Prize-winners-Which-country-has-the-most-Nobel-laureates.html">"Nobel Prize winners: Which country has the most Nobel laureates?"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 3 de marzo de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Nobel+Prize+winners%3A+Which+country+has+the+most+Nobel+laureates%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fnorthamerica%2Fusa%2F11926364%2FNobel-Prize-winners-Which-country-has-the-most-Nobel-laureates.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/economies/#indexId=GCI&economy=JPN">"Country/Economy Profiles: Japan"</a>. World Economic Forum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 24 de febreiro de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Country%2FEconomy+Profiles%3A+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freports.weforum.org%2Fglobal-competitiveness-report-2015-2016%2Feconomies%2F%23indexId%3DGCI%26economy%3DJPN&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/competitiveness-rankings/">"Competitiveness Rankings"</a>. World Economic Forum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 24 de febreiro de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Competitiveness+Rankings&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freports.weforum.org%2Fglobal-competitiveness-report-2015-2016%2Fcompetitiveness-rankings%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006145259/http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/Global%20Peace%20Index%20Report%202015_0.pdf">"Global Peace Index 2015"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Institute for Economics and Peace. 2015. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/Global%20Peace%20Index%20Report%202015_0.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 06 de outubro de 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 5 de outubro de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Global+Peace+Index+2015&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Institute+for+Economics+and+Peace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofhumanity.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FGlobal%2520Peace%2520Index%2520Report%25202015_0.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNussbaumRoth2005">Nussbaum & Roth 2005</a>, p. 707</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">De Bary, William Theodore (2008). <i>Sources of East Asian Tradition: The modern period, Volume 2</i>. Columbia University Press. pp. 295, 343, 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780231143233" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780231143233">9780231143233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=William+Theodore&rft.aulast=De+Bary&rft.btitle=Sources+of+East+Asian+Tradition%3A+The+modern+period%2C+Volume+2&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780231143233&rft.pages=295%2C+343%2C+352&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Piggott, Joan R. (1997). <i>The emergence of Japanese kingship</i>. Stanford University Press. pp. 143–144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-8047-2832-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-8047-2832-1">0-8047-2832-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Joan+R.&rft.aulast=Piggott&rft.btitle=The+emergence+of+Japanese+kingship&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8047-2832-1&rft.pages=143-144&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNussbaumRoth2005">Nussbaum & Roth 2005</a>, p. 709</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNussbaumRoth2005">Nussbaum & Roth 2005</a>, pp. 707-711</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoxer1951">Boxer 1951</a>, pp. 1-14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoxer1951">Boxer 1951</a>, pp. 11, 28-36, 49-51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Imamura, Keiji (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prehistoricjapan0000imam"><i>Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prehistoricjapan0000imam/page/10">10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780824818524" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780824818524">9780824818524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Keiji&rft.aulast=Imamura&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Japan%3A+New+Perspectives+on+Insular+East+Asia&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780824818524&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprehistoricjapan0000imam&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Matsumara, Hirofumi; Dodo, Yukio; Dodo, Yukio (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/117/2/117_080325/_article">"Dental characteristics of Tohoku residents in Japan: implications for biological affinity with ancient Emishi"</a>. <i>Anthropological Science</i> <b>117</b> (2): 95–105. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0918-7960">0918-7960</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1537%2Fase.080325">10.1537/ase.080325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Dental+characteristics+of+Tohoku+residents+in+Japan%3A+implications+for+biological+affinity+with+ancient+Emishi&rft.au=Dodo%2C+Yukio&rft.aufirst=Hirofumi%3B+Dodo%2C+Yukio&rft.aulast=Matsumara&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0918-7960&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Science&rft.pages=95-105&rft.volume=117&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fase%2F117%2F2%2F117_080325%2F_article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1537%2Fase.080325&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, TM; Park, H; Omoto, K; Harihara, S; Stoneking, M; Horai, S (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v51/n1/abs/jhg20068a.html">"Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes"</a>. <i>Journal of Human Genetics</i> <b>51</b> (1): 47–58. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16328082">16328082</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10038-005-0322-0">10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Dual+origins+of+the+Japanese%3A+common+ground+for+hunter-gatherer+and+farmer+Y+chromosomes&rft.au=Harihara%2C+S&rft.au=Horai%2C+S&rft.au=Karafet%2C+TM&rft.au=Omoto%2C+K&rft.au=Park%2C+H&rft.au=Stoneking%2C+M&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rft.aulast=Hammer&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.pages=47-58&rft.volume=51&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fjhg%2Fjournal%2Fv51%2Fn1%2Fabs%2Fjhg20068a.html&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10038-005-0322-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16328082&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Travis, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~annj/courses/notes/jomon_genes.html">"Jomon Genes"</a>. University of Pittsburgh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.btitle=Jomon+Genes&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~annj%2Fcourses%2Fnotes%2Fjomon_genes.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jomo/hd_jomo.htm">"Jomon Culture (ca. 10,500–ca. 300 B.C.)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 23 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Jomon+Culture+%28ca.+10%2C500%93ca.+300+B.C.%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fjomo%2Fhd_jomo.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Denoon, Donald; Hudson, Mark (2001). <i>Multicultural Japan: palaeolithic to postmodern</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-521-00362-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-521-00362-8">0-521-00362-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Donald%3B+Hudson%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Denoon&rft.btitle=Multicultural+Japan%3A+palaeolithic+to+postmodern&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-00362-8&rft.pages=22-23&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430010530/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-25.html">"Road of rice plant"</a>. National Science Museum of Japan. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-25.html">o orixinal</a> o 30 de abril de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Road+of+rice+plant&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Science+Museum+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kahaku.go.jp%2Fspecial%2Fpast%2Fjapanese%2Fipix%2F5%2F5-25.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kofu/hd_kofu.htm">"Kofun Period (ca. Third Century–538)"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Kofun+Period+%28ca.+Third+Century%93538%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fkofu%2Fhd_kofu.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm">"Yayoi Culture (ca. Fourth Century B.C.–Third Century A.D.)"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Yayoi+Culture+%28ca.+Fourth+Century+B.C.%93Third+Century+A.D.%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fyayo%2Fhd_yayo.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Takashi, Okazaki; Goodwin, Janet (1993). "Japan and the continent". <i>The Cambridge history of Japan, Volume 1: Ancient Japan</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-521-22352-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-521-22352-0">0-521-22352-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan+and+the+continent&rft.au=Goodwin%2C+Janet&rft.aufirst=Okazaki&rft.aulast=Takashi&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+history+of+Japan%2C+Volume+1%3A+Ancient+Japan&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-521-22352-0&rft.pages=275&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, pp. 14-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, Delmer M., ed. (1993). <i>The Cambridge History of Japan</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 140–149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0521223522" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0521223522">978-0521223522</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FCHOL9780521223522">10.1017/CHOL9780521223522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Japan&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0521223522&rft.pages=140-149&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCHOL9780521223522&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Beasley, William Gerald (1999). <i>The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan</i>. University of California Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-520-22560-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-520-22560-0">0-520-22560-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=William+Gerald&rft.aulast=Beasley&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Experience%3A+A+Short+History+of+Japan&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-520-22560-0&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Japan Guide (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2132.html">"Nara and Heian Periods"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en inglés)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de setembro de 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Nara+and+Heian+Periods&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japan-guide.com%2Fe%2Fe2132.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sansom, George (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapanto0001unse"><i>A History of Japan to 1334</i></a>. Stanford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapanto0001unse/page/57">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-8047-0523-3" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-8047-0523-3">978-0-8047-0523-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Sansom&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan+to+1334&rft.date=1958&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0523-3&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapanto0001unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 64–79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 140–142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hays, J.N. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/epidemicspandemi0000hays"><i>Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/epidemicspandemi0000hays/page/31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/1-85109-658-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/1-85109-658-2">1-85109-658-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=J.N.&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.btitle=Epidemics+and+pandemics%3A+their+impacts+on+human+history&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-85109-658-2&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fepidemicspandemi0000hays&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Middleton, John (2015). <i>World Monarchies and Dynasties</i>. Routledge. p. 1887. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9781317451570" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9781317451570">9781317451570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.btitle=World+Monarchies+and+Dynasties&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781317451570&rft.pages=1887&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Denecke, Wiebke (2013). <i>Classical World Literatures: Sino-Japanese and Greco-Roman Comparisons</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780199973699" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780199973699">9780199973699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Wiebke&rft.aulast=Denecke&rft.btitle=Classical+World+Literatures%3A+Sino-Japanese+and+Greco-Roman+Comparisons&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780199973699&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-genji-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-genji_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene1999">Keene 1999</a>, pp. 477–478</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 79–87, 122–123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fujiwara-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fujiwara_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, pp. 29–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Deal, William E. (2005). <i>Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan</i>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 25, 192, 206–207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780816074853" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780816074853">9780816074853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft.aulast=Deal&rft.btitle=Handbook+to+Life+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Japan&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780816074853&rft.pages=25%2C+192%2C+206-207&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lloyd, Arthur (2004). <i>The Creed Of Half Japan: Historical Sketches Of Japanese Buddhism</i>. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780766190443" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780766190443">9780766190443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.btitle=The+Creed+Of+Half+Japan%3A+Historical+Sketches+Of+Japanese+Buddhism&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780766190443&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, pp. 31–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, pp. 33–34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lockard, Craig (2007). <i>Societies, Networks, and Transitions: Volume I: A Global History</i>. Cengage Learning. p. 322. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780618386123" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780618386123">9780618386123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.aulast=Lockard&rft.btitle=Societies%2C+Networks%2C+and+Transitions%3A+Volume+I%3A+A+Global+History&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780618386123&rft.pages=322&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weston, Mark (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv0000west"><i>Giants of Japan: The Lives of Japan's Greatest Men and Women</i></a>. Kodansha. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/giantsofjapanliv0000west/page/137">137</a>–138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-9882259-4-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-9882259-4-7">978-0-9882259-4-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.btitle=Giants+of+Japan%3A+The+Lives+of+Japan%27s+Greatest+Men+and+Women&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-9882259-4-7&rft.pages=137-138&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgiantsofjapanliv0000west&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 106–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henshall41-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Henshall41_49-0">49,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Henshall41_49-1">49,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerez1998">Perez 1998</a>, pp. 32-33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Keene, Donald (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yoshimasasilverp0000keen"><i>Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion: The Creation of the Soul of Japan</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-231-13056-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-231-13056-1">978-0-231-13056-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/52268947">52268947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.btitle=Yoshimasa+and+the+Silver+Pavilion%3A+The+Creation+of+the+Soul+of+Japan&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13056-1&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyoshimasasilverp0000keen&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52268947&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sansom, George (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan130002unse"><i>A History of Japan: 1334–1615</i></a>. Stanford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan130002unse/page/42">42</a>, 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-8047-0525-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-8047-0525-9">0-8047-0525-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Sansom&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+1334%931615&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8047-0525-9&rft.pages=42%2C+217&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan130002unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee_108-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lee_108_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lee, Kenneth B. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/koreaeastasiasto0000leek"><i>Korea and East Asia: The Story of a Phoenix</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/koreaeastasiasto0000leek/page/108">108</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780275958237" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780275958237">9780275958237</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+B.&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.btitle=Korea+and+East+Asia%3A+The+Story+of+a+Phoenix&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780275958237&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkoreaeastasiasto0000leek&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turnbull,_Stephen_1598,_page_85-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull,_Stephen_1598,_page_85_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Turnbull, Stephen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn"><i>Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98</i></a>. Cassell & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/samuraiinvasionj0000turn/page/85">85</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780304359486" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780304359486">9780304359486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.btitle=Samurai+Invasion%3A+Japan%27s+Korean+War+1592%9398&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780304359486&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsamuraiinvasionj0000turn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hane, Mikiso (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/premodernjapanhi0000hane"><i>Premodern Japan: A Historical Survey</i></a>. Westview Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/premodernjapanhi0000hane/page/133">133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-8133-4970-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-8133-4970-1">978-0-8133-4970-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Mikiso&rft.aulast=Hane&rft.btitle=Premodern+Japan%3A+A+Historical+Survey&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4970-1&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpremodernjapanhi0000hane&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Turnbull, Stephen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toyotomihideyosh00turn"><i>Toyotomi Hideyoshi</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toyotomihideyosh00turn/page/n62">61</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-84603-960-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-84603-960-7">978-1-84603-960-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.btitle=Toyotomi+Hideyoshi&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-960-7&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftoyotomihideyosh00turn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 142–143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Toby, Ronald P. (1977). "Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu". <i>Journal of Japanese Studies</i> <b>3</b> (2): 323–363. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F132115">10.2307/132115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Reopening+the+Question+of+Sakoku%3A+Diplomacy+in+the+Legitimation+of+the+Tokugawa+Bakufu&rft.aufirst=Ronald+P.&rft.aulast=Toby&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Japanese+Studies&rft.pages=323-363&rft.volume=3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F132115&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerez1998">Perez 1998</a>, pp. 79-80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ohtsu, M.; Ohtsu, Makoto (1999). "Japanese National Values and Confucianism". <i>Japanese Economy</i> <b>27</b> (2): 45–59. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2753%2FJES1097-203X270245">10.2753/JES1097-203X270245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japanese+National+Values+and+Confucianism&rft.au=Ohtsu%2C+Makoto&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.aulast=Ohtsu&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Economy&rft.pages=45-59&rft.volume=27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2FJES1097-203X270245&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cullen, L.M. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan150000cull"><i>A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan150000cull/page/173">173</a>-185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-521-52918-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-521-52918-2">0-521-52918-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=L.M.&rft.aulast=Cullen&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%2C+1582-1941%3A+Internal+and+External+Worlds&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-521-52918-2&rft.pages=173-185&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan150000cull&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerez1998">Perez 1998</a>, pp. 84-85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 289–296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, pp. 159–160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerez1998">Perez 1998</a>, p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Matsusaka, Y. Tak (2009). "The Japanese Empire". En Tsutsui, William M. <i>Companion to Japanese History</i>. Blackwell. pp. 224–241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-4051-1690-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-4051-1690-9">978-1-4051-1690-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+Japanese+Empire&rft.aufirst=Y.+Tak&rft.aulast=Matsusaka&rft.btitle=Companion+to+Japanese+History&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1690-9&rft.pages=224-241&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hiroshi, Shimizu; Hitoshi, Hirakawa (1999). <i>Japan and Singapore in the world economy : Japan's economic advance into Singapore, 1870–1965</i>. Routledge. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-415-19236-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-415-19236-1">978-0-415-19236-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Hitoshi%2C+Hirakawa&rft.aufirst=Shimizu&rft.aulast=Hiroshi&rft.btitle=Japan+and+Singapore+in+the+world+economy+%3A+Japan%27s+economic+advance+into+Singapore%2C+1870%931965&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-19236-1&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Meyer, Milton W. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanconcisehist00meye_362"><i>Japan: A Concise History</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanconcisehist00meye_362/page/n193">179</a>, 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0742541184" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0742541184">978-0742541184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Milton+W.&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.btitle=Japan%3A+A+Concise+History&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0742541184&rft.pages=179%2C+193&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapanconcisehist00meye_362&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 471, 488–489</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenshall2012">Henshall 2012</a>, pp. 114–115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/pre-war/361125a.html#3">"The Axis Alliance"</a>. iBiblio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Axis+Alliance&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=iBiblio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fpolicy%2Fpre-war%2F361125a.html%233&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, p. 442</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviets-declare-war-on-japan-invade-manchuria">"Soviets declare war on Japan; invade Manchuria - Aug 08, 1945"</a>. <i>history.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de abril de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Soviets+declare+war+on+Japan%3B+invade+Manchuria+-+Aug+08%2C+1945&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fsoviets-declare-war-on-japan-invade-manchuria&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/IMTFE/IMTFE-8.html">"Judgment International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Chapter VIII: Conventional War Crimes (Atrocities)"</a>. iBiblio. 1948.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Judgment+International+Military+Tribunal+for+the+Far+East%2C+Chapter+VIII%3A+Conventional+War+Crimes+%28Atrocities%29&rft.date=1948&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=iBiblio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FPTO%2FIMTFE%2FIMTFE-8.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Worth, Roland H., Jr. (1995). <i>No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific</i>. McFarland. pp. 56, 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-7864-0141-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-7864-0141-9">0-7864-0141-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Roland+H.%2C+Jr.&rft.aulast=Worth&rft.btitle=No+Choice+But+War%3A+the+United+States+Embargo+Against+Japan+and+the+Eruption+of+War+in+the+Pacific&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7864-0141-9&rft.pages=56%2C+86&rft.pub=McFarland&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501141220/http://www.sankei.co.jp/seiron/koukoku/2005/0504/ronbun3-2.html">"Copia arquivada" <bdi lang="ja">インドネシア独立運動と日本とスカルノ(2)</bdi></a>. <i>馬 樹禮</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span>. 産経新聞社. 2005. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sankei.co.jp/seiron/koukoku/2005/0504/ronbun3-2.html">o orixinal</a> o 01 de maio de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de outubro de 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Copia+arquivada+%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E7%AC%E7%AB%E9%81%E5%95%E3%81%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%AC+%E6%A8%B9%E7%A6%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sankei.co.jp%2Fseiron%2Fkoukoku%2F2005%2F0504%2Fronbun3-2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/411208c.html">"The Kingdom of the Netherlands Declares War with Japan"</a>. iBiblio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de outubro de 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+of+the+Netherlands+Declares+War+with+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=iBiblio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Fpolicy%2F1941%2F411208c.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pape, Robert A. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-security_fall-1993_18_2/page/154">"Why Japan Surrendered"</a>. <i>International Security</i> <b>18</b> (2): 154–201. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2539100">10.2307/2539100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Why+Japan+Surrendered&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft.aulast=Pape&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.pages=154-201&rft.volume=18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-security_fall-1993_18_2%2Fpage%2F154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2539100&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Watt, Lori (2010). <i>When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan</i>. Harvard University Press. pp. 1–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-674-05598-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-674-05598-8">978-0-674-05598-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.btitle=When+Empire+Comes+Home%3A+Repatriation+and+Reintegration+in+Postwar+Japan&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-674-05598-8&rft.pages=1-4&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Coleman, Joseph (6 de marzo de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411091335/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/06/national/52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia/">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/06/national/52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia/">o orixinal</a> o 11 de abril de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 3 de abril de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=%2752+coup+plot+bid+to+rearm+Japan%3A+CIA&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.chron=6+de+marzo+de+2007&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2007%2F03%2F06%2Fnational%2F52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5178822.stm">"Japan scraps zero interest rates"</a>. BBC News. 14 de xullo de 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de decembro de 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan+scraps+zero+interest+rates&rft.chron=14+de+xullo+de+2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F5178822.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-tsunami-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-tsunami_84-0">84,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes-tsunami_84-1">84,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Fackler, Martin; Drew, Kevin (11 de marzo de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/12/world/asia/12japan.html?ref=world">"Devastation as Tsunami Crashes Into Japan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de marzo de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Devastation+as+Tsunami+Crashes+Into+Japan&rft.au=Drew%2C+Kevin&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.aulast=Fackler&rft.chron=11+de+marzo+de+2011&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F03%2F12%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F12japan.html%3Fref%3Dworld&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constitution-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_85-0">85,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_85-1">85,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_85-2">85,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_85-3">85,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_85-4">85,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214104438/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html">"The Constitution of Japan"</a>. Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. 3 de novembro de 1946. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html">o orixinal</a> o 14 de decembro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 14 de novembro de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Prime+Minister+of+Japan+and+His+Cabinet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantei.go.jp%2Fforeign%2Fconstitution_and_government_of_japan%2Fconstitution_e.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201092521/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e03/ed03-01.html">"Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress"</a>. Axencia da Casa Imperial. 2002. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e03/ed03-01.html">o orixinal</a> o 01 de decembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de decembro de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Their+Majesties+the+Emperor+and+Empress&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Axencia+da+Casa+Imperial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunaicho.go.jp%2Fe03%2Fed03-01.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hills, Ben (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/princessmasakopr00hill"><i>Princess Masako: Prisoner of the Chrysanthemum Throne</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9781585425686" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9781585425686">9781585425686</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.aulast=Hills&rft.btitle=Princess+Masako%3A+Prisoner+of+the+Chrysanthemum+Throne&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781585425686&rft.pub=Penguin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprincessmasakopr00hill&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj--88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wsj-_88-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sekiguchi, Toko (17 de xuño de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105155853/http://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-lowers-voting-age-to-18-1434514706">"Japan Lowers Voting Age to 18"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-lowers-voting-age-to-18-1434514706">o orixinal</a> o 05 de xaneiro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 14 de xaneiro de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan+Lowers+Voting+Age+to+18&rft.aufirst=Toko&rft.aulast=Sekiguchi&rft.chron=17+de+xu%C3%B1o+de++2015&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fjapan-lowers-voting-age-to-18-1434514706&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Crespo, José Antonio (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-political-science-review_1995-04_16_2/page/199">"The Liberal Democratic Party in Japan: Conservative Domination"</a>. <i>International Political Science Review</i> <b>16</b> (2): 199–209. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1601459">1601459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+Liberal+Democratic+Party+in+Japan%3A+Conservative+Domination&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Antonio&rft.aulast=Crespo&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=International+Political+Science+Review&rft.pages=199-209&rft.volume=16&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1601459&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-political-science-review_1995-04_16_2%2Fpage%2F199&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Fackler, Martin (27 de decembro de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/27/world/asia/shinzo-abe-selected-as-japans-prime-minister.html?_r=1&">"Ex-Premier Is Chosen To Govern Japan Again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 12 de marzo de 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Ex-Premier+Is+Chosen+To+Govern+Japan+Again&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.aulast=Fackler&rft.chron=27+de+decembro+de+2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F12%2F27%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fshinzo-abe-selected-as-japans-prime-minister.html%3F_r%3D1%26&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDean2002">Dean 2002</a>, pp. 55-58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kanamori, Shigenari (1 de xaneiro de 1999). "German influences on Japanese Pre-War Constitution and Civil Code". <i>European Journal of Law and Economics</i> <b>7</b> (1): 93–95. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1008688209052">10.1023/A:1008688209052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=German+influences+on+Japanese+Pre-War+Constitution+and+Civil+Code&rft.aufirst=Shigenari&rft.aulast=Kanamori&rft.chron=1+de+xaneiro+de+1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Law+and+Economics&rft.pages=93-95&rft.volume=7&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1008688209052&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html">"The Japanese Judicial System"</a>. Oficina do Primeiro Ministro do Xapón<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Judicial+System&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Oficina+do+Primeiro+Ministro+do+Xap%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantei.go.jp%2Fforeign%2Fjudiciary%2F0620system.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDean2002">Dean 2002</a>, p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Oficina do Alto Comisionado para os Dereitos Humanos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130814212439/http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/newhvstatusbycountry?OpenView&Start=1&Count=250&Expand=87">"Status by country"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oficina_do_Alto_Comisionado_das_Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas_para_os_Dereitos_Humanos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oficina do Alto Comisionado das Nacións Unidas para os Dereitos Humanos (a páxina aínda non existe)">Oficina do Alto Comisionado das Nacións Unidas para os Dereitos Humanos</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/newhvstatusbycountry?OpenView&Start=1&Count=250&Collapse=1">o orixinal</a> o 14 de agosto de 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Oficina+do+Alto+Comisionado+para+os+Dereitos+Humanos&rft.btitle=Status+by+country&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Oficina+do+Alto+Comisionado+das+Naci%C3%B3ns+Unidas+para+os+Dereitos+Humanos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2Fnewhvstatusbycountry%3FOpenView%26Start%3D1%26Count%3D250%26Collapse%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307020806/http://www2.ohchr.org/spanish/law/cat.htm">Convención contra la Tortura y Otros Tratos o Penas Crueles, Inhumanos o Degradantes</a> (Resolución) <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</span>. Oficina do Alto Comisionado das Nacións Unidas para os Dereitos Humanos. 10 de decembro de 1984. 39/46. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/spanish/law/cat.htm">o orixinal</a> o 7 de marzo de 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Convenci%C3%B3n+contra+la+Tortura+y+Otros+Tratos+o+Penas+Crueles%2C+Inhumanos+o+Degradantes&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Oficina+do+Alto+Comisionado+das+Naci%C3%B3ns+Unidas+para+os+Dereitos+Humanos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ohchr.org%2Fspanish%2Flaw%2Fcat.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209113655/http://www2.ohchr.org/spanish/law/docs/A.RES.63.117_sp.pdf">Protocolo Facultativo del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (Resolución) <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</span>. Oficina do Alto Comisionado das Nacións Unidas para os Dereitos Humanos. 10 de decembro de 2008. A/RES/63/117. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/spanish/law/docs/A.RES.63.117_sp.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 9 de febreiro de 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Protocolo+Facultativo+del+Pacto+Internacional+de+Derechos+Econ%C3%B3micos%2C+Sociales+y+Culturales&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Oficina+do+Alto+Comisionado+das+Naci%C3%B3ns+Unidas+para+os+Dereitos+Humanos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ohchr.org%2Fspanish%2Flaw%2Fdocs%2FA.RES.63.117_sp.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307020845/http://www2.ohchr.org/spanish/law/cedaw-one.htm">Protocolo Facultativo de la Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer</a> (Resolución) <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</span>. Oficina do Alto Comisionado das Nacións Unidas para os Dereitos Humanos. 6 de outubro de 1999. A/54/4. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/spanish/law/cedaw-one.htm">o orixinal</a> o 7 de marzo de 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Protocolo+Facultativo+de+la+Convenci%C3%B3n+sobre+la+eliminaci%C3%B3n+de+todas+las+formas+de+discriminaci%C3%B3n+contra+la+mujer&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Oficina+do+Alto+Comisionado+das+Naci%C3%B3ns+Unidas+para+os+Dereitos+Humanos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ohchr.org%2Fspanish%2Flaw%2Fcedaw-one.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140802052200/http://www2.ohchr.org/spanish/law/disabilities-op.htm">Protocolo facultativo de la Convención sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad</a> (Resolución) <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</span>. Oficina do Alto Comisionado das Nacións Unidas para os Dereitos Humanos. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ohchr.org/spanish/law/disabilities-op.htm">o orixinal</a> o 2 de agosto de 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Protocolo+facultativo+de+la+Convenci%C3%B3n+sobre+los+derechos+de+las+personas+con+discapacidad&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Oficina+do+Alto+Comisionado+das+Naci%C3%B3ns+Unidas+para+os+Dereitos+Humanos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ohchr.org%2Fspanish%2Flaw%2Fdisabilities-op.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/australia/joint0703.html">"Japan-Australia Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation"</a>. Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores do Xapón<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 25 de agosto de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan-Australia+Joint+Declaration+on+Security+Cooperation&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Asuntos+Exteriores+do+Xap%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fregion%2Fasia-paci%2Faustralia%2Fjoint0703.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/india/pmv0810/joint_d.html">"Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation between Japan and India"</a>. Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores do Xapón. 22 de outubro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 25 de agosto de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Joint+Declaration+on+Security+Cooperation+between+Japan+and+India&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Asuntos+Exteriores+do+Xap%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fregion%2Fasia-paci%2Findia%2Fpmv0810%2Fjoint_d.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dac/japan.htm">"Statistics from the Development Co-operation Report 2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_para_a_Cooperaci%C3%B3n_e_o_Desenvolvemento_Econ%C3%B3mico" title="Organización para a Cooperación e o Desenvolvemento Económico">OCDE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de novembro de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Statistics+from+the+Development+Co-operation+Report+2015&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=OCDE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdac%2Fjapan.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070221044357/http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070111/1101194.htm">"UK backs Japan for UNSC bid"</a>. <i>Central Chronicle</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070111/1101194.htm">o orixinal</a> o 21 de febreiro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=UK+backs+Japan+for+UNSC+bid&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+Chronicle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralchronicle.com%2F20070111%2F1101194.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schoenbaum, Thomas J., ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacenortheastas00scho"><i>Peace in Northeast Asia: Resolving Japan's Territorial and Maritime Disputes with China, Korea and the Russian Federation</i></a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacenortheastas00scho/page/n33">26</a>–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9781848443983" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9781848443983">9781848443983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Peace+in+Northeast+Asia%3A+Resolving+Japan%27s+Territorial+and+Maritime+Disputes+with+China%2C+Korea+and+the+Russian+Federation&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781848443983&rft.pages=26-29&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeacenortheastas00scho&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report">Chanlett-Avery, Emma (19 de marzo do 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS22845.pdf">North Korea's Abduction of Japanese Citizens and the Six-Party Talks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>CRS Report for Congress</i> (Informe) (Federation of American Scientists). RS22845<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.aulast=Chanlett-Avery&rft.btitle=North+Korea%27s+Abduction+of+Japanese+Citizens+and+the+Six-Party+Talks&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FRS22845.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328104327/http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/resultoutput/15majorspenders">"SIPRI Yearbook 2012–15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2011"</a>. <i>Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/resultoutput/15majorspenders">o orixinal</a> o 28 de marzo de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de abril de 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=SIPRI+Yearbook+2012%9315+countries+with+the+highest+military+expenditure+in+2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fresearch%2Farmaments%2Fmilex%2Fresultoutput%2F15majorspenders&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worden-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Worden_107-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dolan, Ronald; Worden, Robert (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japancountrystud00dola"><i>Japan : A Country Study</i></a>. Area handbook (5ª ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780844407319" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780844407319">9780844407319</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1057-5294">1057-5294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Worden%2C+Robert&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.btitle=Japan+%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.date=1992&rft.edition=5%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780844407319&rft.issn=1057-5294&rft.pub=Federal+Research+Division%2C+Library+of+Congress&rft.series=Area+handbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapancountrystud00dola&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iraq_deployment-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Iraq_deployment_108-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070416075509/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/20/news/japan.php">"Tokyo says it will bring troops home from Iraq"</a>. <i>International Herald Tribune</i>. 20 de xuño de 2006. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/20/news/japan.php">o orixinal</a> o 16 de abril de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Tokyo+says+it+will+bring+troops+home+from+Iraq&rft.chron=20+de+xu%C3%B1o+de+2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2006%2F06%2F20%2Fnews%2Fjapan.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130806203903/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/exrimpac/abt_rimpac.html">"About RIMPAC"</a>. Goberno de Singapur. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/exrimpac/abt_rimpac.html">o orixinal</a> o 06 de agosto de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de marzo de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=About+RIMPAC&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Goberno+de+Singapur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindef.gov.sg%2Fimindef%2Fmindef_websites%2Ftopics%2Fexrimpac%2Fabt_rimpac.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNussbaumRoth2005">Nussbaum & Roth 2005</a>, p. 780</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCargo2000">McCargo 2000</a>, pp. 84–85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mabuchi, Masaru (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/WBI/Resources/wbi37175.pdf">"<i>Municipal Amalgamation in Japan</i>"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de decembro de 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Masaru&rft.aulast=Mabuchi&rft.btitle=Municipal+Amalgamation+in+Japan&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FWBI%2FResources%2Fwbi37175.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCargo2000">McCargo 2000</a>, pp. 8–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-0">114,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-1">114,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-2">114,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-3">114,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-4">114,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-5">114,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-6">114,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-7">114,7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cia_114-8">114,8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151220044055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html">"Japan"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html">o orixinal</a> o 20 de decembro de 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 9 de novembro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fja.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm">"Japan"</a>. US Department of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F4142.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070321013235/http://esa.un.org/unpp/">"World Population Prospects"</a>. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpp/">o orixinal</a> o 21 de marzo de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpp%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Barnes, Gina L. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428043510/http://shinku.nichibun.ac.jp/jpub/pdf/jr/IJ1501.pdf">"Origins of the Japanese Islands"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Universidade de Durham. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shinku.nichibun.ac.jp/jpub/pdf/jr/IJ1501.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 28 de abril de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de agosto de 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Gina+L.&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Japanese+Islands&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Universidade+de+Durham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshinku.nichibun.ac.jp%2Fjpub%2Fpdf%2Fjr%2FIJ1501.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070204064754/http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html">"Tectonics and Volcanoes of Japan"</a>. Oregon State University. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_asia/japan_tec.html">o orixinal</a> o 04 de febreiro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Tectonics+and+Volcanoes+of+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Oregon+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvolcano.und.edu%2Fvwdocs%2Fvolc_images%2Fnorth_asia%2Fjapan_tec.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">James, C.D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182450/http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf">"The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Universidade de California, Berkeley. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nisee.berkeley.edu/kanto/tokyo1923.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 03 de marzo de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=C.D.&rft.aulast=James&rft.btitle=The+1923+Tokyo+Earthquake+and+Fire&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Universidade+de+California%2C+Berkeley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnisee.berkeley.edu%2Fkanto%2Ftokyo1923.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS9.0-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USGS9.0_120-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5x9dgiIL8?url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2011/usc0001xgp/neic_c0001xgp_wmt.php">"USGS analysis as of March 12, 2011"</a>. Earthquake.usgs.gov. 23 de xuño de 2011. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2011/usc0001xgp/neic_c0001xgp_wmt.php">o orixinal</a> o 13 de marzo de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 9 de novembro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=USGS+analysis+as+of+March+12%2C+2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Earthquake.usgs.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feqinthenews%2F2011%2Fusc0001xgp%2Fneic_c0001xgp_wmt.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Israel, Brett (14 de marzo de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/30226-japan-tectonics-explosive-geology-ring-of-fire-110314.html">"Japan's Explosive Geology Explained"</a>. Live Science<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft.aulast=Israel&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Explosive+Geology+Explained&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Live+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F30226-japan-tectonics-explosive-geology-ring-of-fire-110314.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2013_World_Risk_Report-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2013_World_Risk_Report_122-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816173655/http://www.worldriskreport.com/uploads/media/WorldRiskReport_2013_online_01.pdf">"2013 World Risk Report"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldriskreport.com/uploads/media/WorldRiskReport_2013_online_01.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 16 de agosto de 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=2013+World+Risk+Report&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldriskreport.com%2Fuploads%2Fmedia%2FWorldRiskReport_2013_online_01.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karan1921-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-karan1921_123-0">123,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-karan1921_123-1">123,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-karan1921_123-2">123,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaran2005">Karan 2005</a>, pp. 19-21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karan41-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-karan41_124-0">124,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-karan41_124-1">124,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaran2005">Karan 2005</a>, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-climate-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-climate_125-0">125,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-climate_125-1">125,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304114417/http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/arrange/essential/climate.html">"Essential Info: Climate"</a>. Japan National Tourism Organization. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/arrange/essential/climate.html">o orixinal</a> o 04 de marzo de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Essential+Info%3A+Climate&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Japan+National+Tourism+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnto.go.jp%2Feng%2Farrange%2Fessential%2Fclimate.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818051003/http://www.japannewsreview.com/society/national/20070816page_id%3D1553">"Gifu Prefecture sees highest temperature ever recorded in Japan  40.9"</a>. Japan News Review Society. 16 de agosto de 2007. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japannewsreview.com/society/national/20070816page_id=1553">o orixinal</a> o 18 de agosto de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de agosto de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Gifu+Prefecture+sees+highest+temperature+ever+recorded+in+Japan++40.9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Japan+News+Review+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japannewsreview.com%2Fsociety%2Fnational%2F20070816page_id%3D1553&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070213035135/http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm">"Flora and Fauna: Diversity and regional uniqueness"</a>. Embassy of Japan in the USA. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/spotflora.htm">o orixinal</a> o 13 de febreiro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Flora+and+Fauna%3A+Diversity+and+regional+uniqueness&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Japan+in+the+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.us.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fjicc%2Fspotflora.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110323165908/http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/pamph/pamph01/en.pdf">"The Wildlife in Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente do Xapón. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/pamph/pamph01/en.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 23 de marzo de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 19 de febreiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Wildlife+in+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Medio+Ambiente+do+Xap%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.go.jp%2Fnature%2Fyasei%2Fpamph%2Fpamph01%2Fen.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/">"National Parks of Japan"</a>. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente do Xapón<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de maio de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=National+Parks+of+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Medio+Ambiente+do+Xap%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.go.jp%2Fen%2Fnature%2Fnps%2Fpark%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110917191036/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-annolist-japan/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E16573_4000_0__">"The Annotated Ramsar List: Japan"</a>. Ramsar. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-annolist-japan/main/ramsar/1-30-168^16573_4000_0__">o orixinal</a> o 17 de setembro de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de maio de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Ramsar+List%3A+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ramsar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramsar.org%2Fcda%2Fen%2Framsar-pubs-annolist-japan%2Fmain%2Framsar%2F1-30-168%5E16573_4000_0__&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco1-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-unesco1_131-0">131,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-unesco1_131-1">131,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/jp">"Japan – Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 5 de xullo de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan+%93+Properties+Inscribed+on+the+World+Heritage+List&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fjp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501085231/http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html"><bdi lang="ja">日本の大気汚染の歴史</bdi></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span>. Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erca.go.jp/taiki/history/ko_syousyu.html">o orixinal</a> o 01 de maio de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de marzo de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97%E6%B1%9A%E6%9F%93%E3%81%AE%E6%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Environmental+Restoration+and+Conservation+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erca.go.jp%2Ftaiki%2Fhistory%2Fko_syousyu.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sekiyama, Takeshi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216005103/http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf">"Japan's international cooperation for energy efficiency and conservation in Asian region"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Energy Conservation Center. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nice.erina.or.jp/en/pdf/C-SEKIYAMA.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 16 de febreiro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Takeshi&rft.aulast=Sekiyama&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+international+cooperation+for+energy+efficiency+and+conservation+in+Asian+region&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Energy+Conservation+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnice.erina.or.jp%2Fen%2Fpdf%2FC-SEKIYAMA.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/0/17/2110905.pdf">"Environmental Performance Review of Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/OCDE" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">OCDE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Environmental+Performance+Review+of+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=OCDE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F0%2F17%2F2110905.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Elaine Kurtenbach (6 de xuño de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160910044524/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-2c0993e9c0934fa692f7c5cf408177b0.html">"At G-7, Japan's energy plan is not all that green"</a>. Associated Press. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-2c0993e9c0934fa692f7c5cf408177b0.html">o orixinal</a> o 10 de setembro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=At+G-7%2C+Japan%27s+energy+plan+is+not+all+that+green&rft.au=Elaine+Kurtenbach&rft.chron=6+de+xu%C3%B1o+de+2015&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1A1-2c0993e9c0934fa692f7c5cf408177b0.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214021405/http://epi.yale.edu/country/japan">"Environmental Performance Index: Japan"</a>. Yale University. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epi.yale.edu/country/japan">o orixinal</a> o 14 de febreiro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 19 de abril de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Environmental+Performance+Index%3A+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Yale+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepi.yale.edu%2Fcountry%2Fjapan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110426055714/http://www.wbcsd.org/plugins/DocSearch/details.asp?txtDocTitle=kyoto%20protocol%20japan&txtDocText=kyoto%20protocol%20japan&DocTypeId=-1&ObjectId=MzQ4ODc&URLBack=result.asp%3FtxtDocTitle%3Dkyoto+protocol+japan%26txtDocText%3Dkyoto+protocol+japan%26DocTypeId%3D-1%26SortOrder%3D%26CurPage%3D1">"Japan sees extra emission cuts to 2020 goal -minister"</a>. World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbcsd.org/plugins/DocSearch/details.asp?txtDocTitle=kyoto%20protocol%20japan&txtDocText=kyoto%20protocol%20japan&DocTypeId=-1&ObjectId=MzQ4ODc&URLBack=result.asp%3FtxtDocTitle%3Dkyoto+protocol+japan%26txtDocText%3Dkyoto+protocol+japan%26DocTypeId%3D-1%26SortOrder%3D%26CurPage%3D1">o orixinal</a> o 26 de abril de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de marzo de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan+sees+extra+emission+cuts+to+2020+goal+-minister&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Business+Council+for+Sustainable+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbcsd.org%2Fplugins%2FDocSearch%2Fdetails.asp%3FtxtDocTitle%3Dkyoto%2520protocol%2520japan%26txtDocText%3Dkyoto%2520protocol%2520japan%26DocTypeId%3D-1%26ObjectId%3DMzQ4ODc%26URLBack%3Dresult.asp%253FtxtDocTitle%253Dkyoto%2Bprotocol%2Bjapan%2526txtDocText%253Dkyoto%2Bprotocol%2Bjapan%2526DocTypeId%253D-1%2526SortOrder%253D%2526CurPage%253D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-138">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090312061422/http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/qe011-68/gdemenuj68.html">"〜昭和30年からの需要項目別一覧〜"</a>. <i>Cabinet Office</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/qe011-68/gdemenuj68.html">o orixinal</a> o 12 de marzo de 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=%E3%9C%E6%98%E5%92%8C30%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%E3%82%89%E3%81%AE%E9%9C%E8%A6%81%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E5%88%A5%E4%B8%E8%A6%A7%E3%9C&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cabinet+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esri.cao.go.jp%2Fjp%2Fsna%2Fqe011-68%2Fgdemenuj68.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100901202007/http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/qe052-2/gdemenujb.html">"平成7暦年基準GDE(GDP)需要項目別時系列表"</a>. <i>Cabinet Office</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/qe052-2/gdemenujb.html">o orixinal</a> o 01 de setembro de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%EF%BC%97%E6%9A%A6%E5%B9%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%BA%96%EF%BC%A7%EF%BC%A4%EF%BC%A5%EF%BC%88%EF%BC%A7%EF%BC%A4%EF%BC%B0%EF%BC%89%E9%9C%E8%A6%81%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E5%88%A5%E6%99%82%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cabinet+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esri.cao.go.jp%2Fjp%2Fsna%2Fqe052-2%2Fgdemenujb.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-140">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050630024658/http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/toukei.html">"統計資料"</a>. <i>Cabinet Office</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/toukei.html">o orixinal</a> o 30 de xuño de 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cabinet+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esri.cao.go.jp%2Fjp%2Fsna%2Ftoukei.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-141">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Howe, Christopher (1996). <i>The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy</i>. Hurst & Company. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/1-85065-538-3" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/1-85065-538-3">1-85065-538-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Japanese+Trade+Supremacy&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-85065-538-3&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 312–314</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-143">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCargo2000">McCargo 2000</a>, pp. 18-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ryan, Liam (1 de xaneiro de 2000). "The "Asian economic miracle" unmasked: The political economy of the reality". <i>International Journal of Social Economics</i> <b>27</b> (7–10): 802–815. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1108%2F03068290010335235">10.1108/03068290010335235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+%22Asian+economic++miracle%22+unmasked%3A+The+political+economy+of+the+reality&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.chron=1+de+xaneiro+de+2000&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7%9310&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Social+Economics&rft.pages=802-815&rft.volume=27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2F03068290010335235&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Masake, Hisane (2 de marzo de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061120013846/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Japan/HC02Dh01.html">"A farewell to zero"</a>. <i>Asia Times</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Japan/HC02Dh01.html">o orixinal</a> o 20 de novembro de 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=A+farewell+to+zero&rft.aufirst=Hisane&rft.aulast=Masake&rft.chron=2+de+marzo+de+2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FJapan%2FHC02Dh01.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-146">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.htm#c06">"Manufacturing and Construction"</a>. <i>Statistical Handbook of Japan</i>. Statistics Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Manufacturing+and+Construction&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Handbook+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Fhandbook%2Fc0117.htm%23c06&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-147">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm">"Background Note: Japan"</a>. US State Department<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 19 de marzo de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=US+State+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F4142.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-148">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/roudou/results/month/">"Monthly Results"</a>. <i>Statistics Japan</i>. Ministerio do Interior do Xapón. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Monthly+Results&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Froudou%2Fresults%2Fmonth%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-149">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Fackler, Martin (21 de abril de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/world/asia/22poverty.html?source=patrick.net">"Japan Tries to Face Up to Growing Poverty Problem"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan+Tries+to+Face+Up+to+Growing+Poverty+Problem&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.aulast=Fackler&rft.chron=21+de+abril+de+2010&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F04%2F22%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F22poverty.html%3Fsource%3Dpatrick.net&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-150">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/NewListE.do?tid=000001028768">"2008 Housing and Land Survey"</a>. Statistics Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=2008+Housing+and+Land+Survey&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Statistics+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-stat.go.jp%2FSG1%2Festat%2FNewListE.do%3Ftid%3D000001028768&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-151">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-jpy.en.html">"Euro exchange rates JPY"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Banco_Central_Europeo" title="Banco Central Europeo">Banco Central Europeo</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Euro+exchange+rates+JPY&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Banco+Central+Europeo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecb.europa.eu%2Fstats%2Fexchange%2Feurofxref%2Fhtml%2Feurofxref-graph-jpy.en.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-152">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfx13fx.pdf">"Foreign exchange turnover in April 2013: preliminary global results"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Bank for International Settlements<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de febreiro de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Foreign+exchange+turnover+in+April+2013%3A+preliminary+global+results&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bank+for+International+Settlements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bis.org%2Fpubl%2Frpfx13fx.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP_IMF-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GDP_IMF_153-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=1980&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=18&pr1.y=13&c=512%2C672%2C914%2C946%2C612%2C137%2C614%2C546%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C199%2C646%2C733%2C648%2C184%2C915%2C524%2C134%2C361%2C652%2C362%2C174%2C364%2C328%2C732%2C258%2C366%2C656%2C734%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698%2C668&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fondo_Monetario_Internacional" title="Fondo Monetario Internacional">Fondo Monetario Internacional</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 23 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Fondo+Monetario+Internacional&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2016%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fsy%3D1980%26ey%3D2015%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26pr1.x%3D18%26pr1.y%3D13%26c%3D512%252C672%252C914%252C946%252C612%252C137%252C614%252C546%252C311%252C962%252C213%252C674%252C911%252C676%252C193%252C548%252C122%252C556%252C912%252C678%252C313%252C181%252C419%252C867%252C513%252C682%252C316%252C684%252C913%252C273%252C124%252C868%252C339%252C921%252C638%252C948%252C514%252C943%252C218%252C686%252C963%252C688%252C616%252C518%252C223%252C728%252C516%252C558%252C918%252C138%252C748%252C196%252C618%252C278%252C624%252C692%252C522%252C694%252C622%252C142%252C156%252C449%252C626%252C564%252C628%252C565%252C228%252C283%252C924%252C853%252C233%252C288%252C632%252C293%252C636%252C566%252C634%252C964%252C238%252C182%252C662%252C359%252C960%252C453%252C423%252C968%252C935%252C922%252C128%252C714%252C611%252C862%252C321%252C135%252C243%252C716%252C248%252C456%252C469%252C722%252C253%252C942%252C642%252C718%252C643%252C724%252C939%252C576%252C644%252C936%252C819%252C961%252C172%252C813%252C132%252C199%252C646%252C733%252C648%252C184%252C915%252C524%252C134%252C361%252C652%252C362%252C174%252C364%252C328%252C732%252C258%252C366%252C656%252C734%252C654%252C144%252C336%252C146%252C263%252C463%252C268%252C528%252C532%252C923%252C944%252C738%252C176%252C578%252C534%252C537%252C536%252C742%252C429%252C866%252C433%252C369%252C178%252C744%252C436%252C186%252C136%252C925%252C343%252C869%252C158%252C746%252C439%252C926%252C916%252C466%252C664%252C112%252C826%252C111%252C542%252C298%252C967%252C927%252C443%252C846%252C917%252C299%252C544%252C582%252C941%252C474%252C446%252C754%252C666%252C698%252C668%26s%3DNGDPD%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-imf_154-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=83&pr.y=10&sy=2016&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C672%2C914%2C946%2C612%2C137%2C614%2C546%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C199%2C646%2C733%2C648%2C184%2C915%2C524%2C134%2C361%2C652%2C362%2C174%2C364%2C328%2C732%2C258%2C366%2C656%2C734%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698%2C668&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=">"Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects"</a>. Fondo Monetario Internacional<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 13 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Country+Groups+and+Subjects&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Fondo+Monetario+Internacional&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2016%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D83%26pr.y%3D10%26sy%3D2016%26ey%3D2020%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D512%252C672%252C914%252C946%252C612%252C137%252C614%252C546%252C311%252C962%252C213%252C674%252C911%252C676%252C193%252C548%252C122%252C556%252C912%252C678%252C313%252C181%252C419%252C867%252C513%252C682%252C316%252C684%252C913%252C273%252C124%252C868%252C339%252C921%252C638%252C948%252C514%252C943%252C218%252C686%252C963%252C688%252C616%252C518%252C223%252C728%252C516%252C558%252C918%252C138%252C748%252C196%252C618%252C278%252C624%252C692%252C522%252C694%252C622%252C142%252C156%252C449%252C626%252C564%252C628%252C565%252C228%252C283%252C924%252C853%252C233%252C288%252C632%252C293%252C636%252C566%252C634%252C964%252C238%252C182%252C662%252C359%252C960%252C453%252C423%252C968%252C935%252C922%252C128%252C714%252C611%252C862%252C321%252C135%252C243%252C716%252C248%252C456%252C469%252C722%252C253%252C942%252C642%252C718%252C643%252C724%252C939%252C576%252C644%252C936%252C819%252C961%252C172%252C813%252C132%252C199%252C646%252C733%252C648%252C184%252C915%252C524%252C134%252C361%252C652%252C362%252C174%252C364%252C328%252C732%252C258%252C366%252C656%252C734%252C654%252C144%252C336%252C146%252C263%252C463%252C268%252C528%252C532%252C923%252C944%252C738%252C176%252C578%252C534%252C537%252C536%252C742%252C429%252C866%252C433%252C369%252C178%252C744%252C436%252C186%252C136%252C925%252C343%252C869%252C158%252C746%252C439%252C926%252C916%252C466%252C664%252C112%252C826%252C111%252C542%252C298%252C967%252C927%252C443%252C846%252C917%252C299%252C544%252C582%252C941%252C474%252C446%252C754%252C666%252C698%252C668%26s%3DPPPGDP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-155">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005546/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html">"World Factbook, Country comparison: Public debt"</a>. CIA. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html">o orixinal</a> o 13 de xuño de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 8 de xullo de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=World+Factbook%2C+Country+comparison%3A+Public+debt&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2186rank.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-156">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-14625969">"Moody's cuts Japan's debt rating on deficit concerns"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 24 de agosto de 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Moody%27s+cuts+Japan%27s+debt+rating+on+deficit+concerns&rft.chron=24+de+agosto+de+2011&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-14625969&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-157">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IC.BUS.EASE.XQ?order=wbapi_data_value_2015+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc">"Ease of doing business index"</a>. <i>The World Bank</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Ease+of+doing+business+index&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FIC.BUS.EASE.XQ%3Forder%3Dwbapi_data_value_2015%2Bwbapi_data_value%2Bwbapi_data_value-last%26sort%3Dasc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oecd2008-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oecd2008_158-0">158,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-oecd2008_158-1">158,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101109122744/http://www.oecd.org/document/17/0,3343,en_2649_34111_40353553_1_1_1_1,00.html">"Economic survey of Japan 2008"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCDE" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">OCDE</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/document/17/0,3343,en_2649_34111_40353553_1_1_1_1,00.html">o orixinal</a> o 09 de novembro de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 25 de agosto de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Economic+survey+of+Japan+2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=OCDE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdocument%2F17%2F0%2C3343%2Cen_2649_34111_40353553_1_1_1_1%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-159">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/7193984?story_id=7193984">"Japan's Economy: Free at last"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 20 de xullo de 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 23 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Economy%3A+Free+at+last&rft.chron=20+de+xullo+de+2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F7193984%3Fstory_id%3D7193984&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-160">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/9414552?story_id=9414552">"Activist shareholders swarm in Japan"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 28 de xuño de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 23 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Activist+shareholders+swarm+in+Japan&rft.chron=28+de+xu%C3%B1o+de+2007&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F9414552%3Fstory_id%3D9414552&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-161">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McMillan, Charles J. (1996). "Chapter 5. Technology and the Knowledge economy". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japaneseindustri0000mcmi_n6r9"><i>The Japanese Industrial System</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japaneseindustri0000mcmi_n6r9/page/116">116</a>-120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9783110150865" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9783110150865">9783110150865</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Chapter+5.+Technology+and+the+Knowledge+economy&rft.aufirst=Charles+J.&rft.aulast=McMillan&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Industrial+System&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9783110150865&rft.pages=116-120&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapaneseindustri0000mcmi_n6r9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-162">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sugden, Roger; Hartung Cheng, Rita; Meadows, G. Richard, eds. (2003). <i>Urban and Regional Prosperity in a Globalised New Economy</i>. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 48–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9781781951217" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9781781951217">9781781951217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Urban+and+Regional+Prosperity+in+a+Globalised+New+Economy&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781781951217&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-163">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120726122226/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1b939a9a-2587-11dc-b338-000b5df10621.html">"Japan 500 2007"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1b939a9a-2587-11dc-b338-000b5df10621.html">o orixinal</a> o 26 de xullo de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 23 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan+500+2007&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F1b939a9a-2587-11dc-b338-000b5df10621.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-164">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121725/http://www.nyse.com/events/1170156816059.html">"Market Data"</a>. New York Stock Exchange. 31 de xaneiro de 2006. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyse.com/events/1170156816059.html">o orixinal</a> o 11 de outubro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de agosto de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Market+Data&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyse.com%2Fevents%2F1170156816059.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-165">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/18/06f2000_The-Forbes-2000_Rank.html">"The Forbes 2000"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+Forbes+2000&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Flists%2F2006%2F18%2F06f2000_The-Forbes-2000_Rank.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ExIm-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ExIm_166-0">166,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ExIm_166-1">166,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.customs.go.jp/toukei/suii/html/nenbet_e.htm">"Total Value of Exports and Imports (1950-)"</a>. <i>Trade Statistics of Japan</i>. Ministerio de Finanzas do Xapón<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Total+Value+of+Exports+and+Imports+%281950-%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trade+Statistics+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.customs.go.jp%2Ftoukei%2Fsuii%2Fhtml%2Fnenbet_e.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-167">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626172345/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.html">"Field listings : Exports - COMMODITIES"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. 2014. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.html">o orixinal</a> o 26 de xuño de 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de xullo de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Field+listings+%3A+Exports+-+COMMODITIES&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2FLibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2049.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-168">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4632747.stm">"Foreign investment in Japan soars"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 29 de xuño de 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Foreign+investment+in+Japan+soars&rft.chron=29+de+xu%C3%B1o+de+2005&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F4632747.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-169">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">McDonald, Joe (4 de decembro de 2006). "China to spend $136 billion on R&D". <i>BusinessWeek</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=China+to+spend+%24136+billion+on+R%26D&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.chron=4+de+decembro+de++2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BusinessWeek&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-170">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100309181812/http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/profile/intro/honor/nobel.htm/">"Japanese Nobel Laureates"</a>. Universidade de Kyoto. 2009. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/profile/intro/honor/nobel.htm/">o orixinal</a> o 09 de marzo de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de novembro de 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japanese+Nobel+Laureates&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Universidade+de+Kyoto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyoto-u.ac.jp%2Fen%2Fprofile%2Fintro%2Fhonor%2Fnobel.htm%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-171">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100310203313/http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/profile/intro/honor/fields.htm/">"Japanese Fields Medalists"</a>. Universidade de Kyoto. 2009. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/profile/intro/honor/fields.htm">o orixinal</a> o 10 de marzo de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de novembro de 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japanese+Fields+Medalists&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Universidade+de+Kyoto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyoto-u.ac.jp%2Fen%2Fprofile%2Fintro%2Fhonor%2Ffields.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-172">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unece.org/press/pr2000/00stat10e.htm">"The Boom in Robot Investment Continues"</a>. UN Economic Commission for Europe. 17 de outubro de 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de decembro de 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Boom+in+Robot+Investment+Continues&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UN+Economic+Commission+for+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unece.org%2Fpress%2Fpr2000%2F00stat10e.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-173">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327031517/http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/">"Industrial Robot Statistics"</a>. <i>International Federation of Robotics</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/">o orixinal</a> o 27 de marzo de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Industrial+Robot+Statistics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Federation+of+Robotics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifr.org%2Findustrial-robots%2Fstatistics%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-174">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070321160909/http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html">"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency"</a>. 3 de agosto de 2006. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/index_e.html">o orixinal</a> o 21 de marzo de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Findex_e.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-175">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/66pe8RvRF?url=http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/planet_c/index_e.html">"JAXA | Venus Climate Orbiter "AKATSUKI" (PLANET-C)"</a>. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/planet_c/index_e.html">o orixinal</a> o 11 de abril de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 4 de decembro de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=JAXA+%7C+Venus+Climate+Orbiter+%22AKATSUKI%22+%28PLANET-C%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaxa.jp%2Fprojects%2Fsat%2Fplanet_c%2Findex_e.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-176">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513024411/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/missions/planet-c/index.shtml">"ISAS | Venus Meteorology AKATSUKI (PLANET-C)"</a>. <i>Institute of Space and Astronautical Science</i>. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/missions/planet-c/index.shtml">o orixinal</a> o 13 de maio de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 4 de decembro de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=ISAS+%7C+Venus+Meteorology+AKATSUKI+%28PLANET-C%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Space+and+Astronautical+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isas.jaxa.jp%2Fe%2Fenterp%2Fmissions%2Fplanet-c%2Findex.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FACTS-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FACTS_177-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sci.esa.int/bepicolombo/47346-fact-sheet/">"ESA Science & Technology: Fact Sheet"</a>. ESA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 5 de febreiro de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=ESA+Science+%26+Technology%3A+Fact+Sheet&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ESA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsci.esa.int%2Fbepicolombo%2F47346-fact-sheet%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-178">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moondaily.com/reports/Japan_Plans_Moon_Base_By_2030_999.html">"Japan Plans Moon Base by 2030"</a>. MoonDaily. 3 de agosto de 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan+Plans+Moon+Base+by+2030&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=MoonDaily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moondaily.com%2Freports%2FJapan_Plans_Moon_Base_By_2030_999.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-energy-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-energy_179-0">179,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-energy_179-1">179,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.htm#c07">"Energy"</a>. <i>Statistical Handbook of Japan 2013</i>. Statistics Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Energy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Handbook+of+Japan+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Fhandbook%2Fc0117.htm%23c07&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-180">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Tsukimori, Osamu (5 de maio de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185518/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/05/us-nuclear-japan-idUSBRE84405820120505">"Japan nuclear power-free as last reactor shuts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/05/us-nuclear-japan-idUSBRE84405820120505">o orixinal</a> o 18 de xullo de 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 8 de maio de 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan+nuclear+power-free+as+last+reactor+shuts&rft.aufirst=Osamu&rft.aulast=Tsukimori&rft.chron=5+de+maio+de+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F05%2F05%2Fus-nuclear-japan-idUSBRE84405820120505&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-181">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160903071905/http://www.kyuden.co.jp/en_information_150811.html">"Startup of Sendai Nuclear Power Unit No.1"</a>. Kyushu Electric Power Co. 11 de agosto de 2015. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyuden.co.jp/en_information_150811.html">o orixinal</a> o 03 de setembro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Startup+of+Sendai+Nuclear+Power+Unit+No.1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Kyushu+Electric+Power+Co.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyuden.co.jp%2Fen_information_150811.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-182">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Justice, Adam (15 de outubro de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/japan-restarts-second-reactor-sendai-nuclear-plant-1524106">"Japan restarts second reactor at Sendai nuclear plant"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan+restarts+second+reactor+at+Sendai+nuclear+plant&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.aulast=Justice&rft.chron=15+de+outubro+de+2015&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fjapan-restarts-second-reactor-sendai-nuclear-plant-1524106&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-183">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/can-nuclear-power-save-japan-from-peak-oil/">"Can nuclear power save Japan from peak oil?"</a>. Our World 2.0. 2 de febreiro de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de marzo de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Can+nuclear+power+save+Japan+from+peak+oil%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Our+World+2.0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fourworld.unu.edu%2Fen%2Fcan-nuclear-power-save-japan-from-peak-oil%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-184">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm">"Japan"</a>. U.S. Department of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de marzo de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F4142.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-185">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lipscy, Phillip Y.; Schipper, Lee (2013). "Energy efficiency in the Japanese transport sector". <i>Energy Policy</i> <b>56</b>: 248–258. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2012.12.045">10.1016/j.enpol.2012.12.045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Energy+efficiency+in+the+Japanese+transport+sector&rft.au=Schipper%2C+Lee&rft.aufirst=Phillip+Y.&rft.aulast=Lipscy&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.pages=248-258&rft.volume=56&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2012.12.045&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-186">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lipscy, Phillip Y. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105022353/http://www.stanford.edu/~plipscy/JapanDPJEnergyEfficiency.pdf">"A Casualty of Political Transformation? The Politics of Japanese Energy Efficiency in the Transportation Sector"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of East Asian Studies</i> <b>12</b>: 409–439. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/~plipscy/JapanDPJEnergyEfficiency.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 05 de novembro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 19 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=A+Casualty+of+Political+Transformation%3F+The+Politics+of+Japanese+Energy+Efficiency+in+the+Transportation+Sector&rft.aufirst=Phillip+Y.&rft.aulast=Lipscy&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+East+Asian+Studies&rft.pages=409-439&rft.volume=12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2F~plipscy%2FJapanDPJEnergyEfficiency.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-187">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tofugu.com/japan/japan-drive-left-side-road/">"Why does Japan Drive on the left side of the road?"</a>. <i>tofugu.com</i>. 22 de febreiro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Why+does+Japan+Drive+on+the+left+side+of+the+road%3F&rft.chron=22+de+febreiro+de+2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tofugu.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tofugu.com%2Fjapan%2Fjapan-drive-left-side-road%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-develop-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-develop_188-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kimura, Fukunari; Maeda, Mitsuhiro (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928121436/http://www.bnm.gov.my/microsites/rcicc/papers/s5.kimura.pdf">"Transport Infrastructure Development in Japan and Korea: Drawing Lessons for the Philippines"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnm.gov.my/microsites/rcicc/papers/s5.kimura.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 28 de setembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de abril de 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Maeda%2C+Mitsuhiro&rft.aufirst=Fukunari&rft.aulast=Kimura&rft.btitle=Transport+Infrastructure+Development+in+Japan+and+Korea%3A+Drawing+Lessons+for+the+Philippines&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnm.gov.my%2Fmicrosites%2Frcicc%2Fpapers%2Fs5.kimura.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-189">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">Mizutani, Fumitoshi; Uranishi, Shuji (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-sre.wu-wien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa06/papers/226.pdf"><i>Privatization of the Japan Highway Public Corporation: Policy Assessment</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 46th Congress for the European Regional Science Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Uranishi%2C+Shuji&rft.aufirst=Fumitoshi&rft.aulast=Mizutani&rft.btitle=Privatization+of+the+Japan+Highway+Public+Corporation%3A+Policy+Assessment&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=conference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-sre.wu-wien.ac.at%2Fersa%2Fersaconfs%2Fersa06%2Fpapers%2F226.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-190">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.jr-central.co.jp/about/safety.html">"About the Shinkansen – Safety"</a>. Central Japan Railway Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de outubro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=About+the+Shinkansen+%93+Safety&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Central+Japan+Railway+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.jr-central.co.jp%2Fabout%2Fsafety.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-191">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513230217/http://www.hitachi-rail.com/rail_now/column/just_in_time/index.html">"Corporate Culture as Strong Diving Force for Punctuality- Another "Just in Time<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. <i>Hitachi Transportation System Website</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hitachi-rail.com/rail_now/column/just_in_time/index.html">o orixinal</a> o 13 de maio de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Corporate+Culture+as+Strong+Diving+Force+for+Punctuality-+Another+%22Just+in+Time%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hitachi+Transportation+System+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hitachi-rail.com%2Frail_now%2Fcolumn%2Fjust_in_time%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_192-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kyodo News (2 de xuño de 2011). "JR Tokai to list sites for maglev stations in June". <i>The Japan Times</i>. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=JR+Tokai+to+list+sites+for+maglev+stations+in+June&rft.au=Kyodo+News&rft.chron=2+de+xu%C3%B1o+de+2011&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.pages=9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-193">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110111152406/http://www.airports.org/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-218-222_666_2__">"Year to Date Passenger Traffic"</a>. Airports Council International. 11 de novembro de 2010. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airports.org/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-218-222_666_2__">o orixinal</a> o 11 de xaneiro de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de marzo de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Year+to+Date+Passenger+Traffic&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Airports+Council+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airports.org%2Fcda%2Faci_common%2Fdisplay%2Fmain%2Faci_content07_c.jsp%3Fzn%3Daci%26cp%3D1-5-212-218-222_666_2__&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-194">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nakagawa, Dai; Matsunaka, Ryoji (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transportpolicyf00dnak"><i>Transport Policy and Funding</i></a>. Elsevier. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transportpolicyf00dnak/page/n71">63</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-08-044852-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-08-044852-6">0-08-044852-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Matsunaka%2C+Ryoji&rft.aufirst=Dai&rft.aulast=Nakagawa&rft.btitle=Transport+Policy+and+Funding&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-08-044852-6&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftransportpolicyf00dnak&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-195">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc">"Air transport, passengers carried"</a>. <i>The World Bank</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Air+transport%2C+passengers+carried&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FIS.AIR.PSGR%3Forder%3Dwbapi_data_value_2014%2Bwbapi_data_value%2Bwbapi_data_value-last%26sort%3Ddesc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-196">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130050032/http://www.port-of-nagoya.jp/english/about_port.htm">"About the Port"</a>. Port of Nagoya. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.port-of-nagoya.jp/english/about_port.htm">o orixinal</a> o 30 de novembro de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=About+the+Port&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Port+of+Nagoya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.port-of-nagoya.jp%2Fenglish%2Fabout_port.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MulticulturalJapan-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MulticulturalJapan_197-0">197,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MulticulturalJapan_197-1">197,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716140322/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fl20070327zg.html%23.UAQfIKgo9Rw">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Multicultural Japan' remains a pipe dream"</a>. <i>Japan Times</i>. 27 de marzo de 2007. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20070327zg.html">o orixinal</a> o 16 de xullo de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=%27Multicultural+Japan%27+remains+a+pipe+dream&rft.chron=27+de+marzo+de+2007&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcgi-bin%2Ffl20070327zg.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-198">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/01/news/01iht-nurse.html">"Japan-born Koreans live in limbo"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 2 de abril de 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan-born+Koreans+live+in+limbo&rft.chron=2+de+abril+de+2005&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F04%2F01%2Fnews%2F01iht-nurse.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nikkeijin-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nikkeijin_199-0">199,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nikkeijin_199-1">199,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Onishi, Norimitsu (1 de novembro de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/02/world/asia/02japan.html">"An Enclave of Brazilians Is Testing Insular Japan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=An+Enclave+of+Brazilians+Is+Testing+Insular+Japan&rft.aufirst=Norimitsu&rft.aulast=Onishi&rft.chron=1+de+novembro+de+2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F02%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F02japan.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-200">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106194749/http://atimes.com/japan-econ/AJ16Dh01.html">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Home' is where the heartbreak is for Japanese-Peruvians"</a>. <i>Asia Times</i>. 16 de outubro de 1999. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/japan-econ/AJ16Dh01.html">o orixinal</a> o 06 de xaneiro de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=%27Home%27+is+where+the+heartbreak+is+for+Japanese-Peruvians&rft.chron=16+de+outubro+de+1999&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fjapan-econ%2FAJ16Dh01.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-201">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050824195238/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/y0213014.pdf">"Registered Foreigners in Japan by Nationality"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Statistics Bureau. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/y0213014.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 24 de agosto de 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Registered+Foreigners+in+Japan+by+Nationality&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Statistics+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fdata%2Fnenkan%2Fpdf%2Fy0213014.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-202">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Fogarty, Philippa (6 de xuño de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7437244.stm">"Recognition at last for Japan's Ainu"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de xuño de 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Recognition+at+last+for+Japan%27s+Ainu&rft.aufirst=Philippa&rft.aulast=Fogarty&rft.chron=6+de+xu%C3%B1o+de+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F7437244.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-203">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121216231723/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910511,00.html">"The Invisible Race"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 8 de xaneiro de 1973. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910511,00.html">o orixinal</a> o 16 de decembro de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+Invisible+Race&rft.chron=8+de+xaneiro+de+1973&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C910511%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mccormack1999-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mccormack1999_204-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">McCormack, Gavan (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212758/http://www.jpri.org/publications/occasionalpapers/op15.html">"Dilemmas of Development on The Ogasawara Islands"</a>. <i>JPRI Occasional Paper</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpri.org/publications/occasionalpapers/op15.html">o orixinal</a> o 16 de xaneiro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Dilemmas+of+Development+on+The+Ogasawara+Islands&rft.aufirst=Gavan&rft.aulast=McCormack&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JPRI+Occasional+Paper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpri.org%2Fpublications%2Foccasionalpapers%2Fop15.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-205">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/zuhyou/y650214000.xls">Japan Statistical Yearbook 2016</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519215124/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/zuhyou/y650214000.xls">Arquivado</a> 19 de maio de 2016 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-206">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lie, John (2004). <i>Multiethnic Japan</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780674013582" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780674013582">9780674013582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Lie&rft.btitle=Multiethnic+Japan&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780674013582&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-207">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129014929/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2005/10/18/national/aso-says-japan-is-nation-of-one-race/">"Aso says Japan is nation of 'one race<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. 18 de outubro de 2005. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2005/10/18/national/aso-says-japan-is-nation-of-one-race/">o orixinal</a> o 29 de xaneiro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Aso+says+Japan+is+nation+of+%27one+race%27&rft.chron=18+de+outubro+de+2005&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2005%2F10%2F18%2Fnational%2Faso-says-japan-is-nation-of-one-race%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-208">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en">"WHO Life expectancy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_da_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Organización Mundial da Saúde">Organización Mundial da Saúde</a>. 1 de xuño de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de xuño de 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=WHO+Life+expectancy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Organizaci%C3%B3n+Mundial+da+Sa%C3%BAde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Fgho%2Fdata%2Fnode.main.688%3Flang%3Den&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz.com-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-haaretz.com_209-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/who-life-expectancy-in-israel-among-highest-in-the-world-1.276618">"WHO: Life expectancy in Israel among highest in the world"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=WHO%3A+Life+expectancy+in+Israel+among+highest+in+the+world&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fwho-life-expectancy-in-israel-among-highest-in-the-world-1.276618&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Table_A.17-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Table_A.17_210-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf">"Table A.17"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>United Nations World Population Prospects</i>. <a href="/wiki/Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacións Unidas">ONU</a>. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Table+A.17&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+World+Population+Prospects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fwpp2006%2FWPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-handbook_211-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.htm#c02">"Statistical Handbook of Japan 2013: Chapter 2—Population"</a>. Statistics Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 14 de febreiro de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Statistical+Handbook+of+Japan+2013%3A+Chapter+2%94Population&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Statistics+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fdata%2Fhandbook%2Fc0117.htm%23c02&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-212">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ando, Albert; Moro, Andrea; Cordoba, Juan Pablo; Garland, Gonzalo (1995). "Dynamics of demographic development and its impact on personal saving: case of Japan". <i>Ricerche Economiche</i> <b>49</b> (3): 179–205. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0035-5054%2895%2990001-2">10.1016/0035-5054(95)90001-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+demographic+development+and+its+impact+on+personal+saving%3A+case+of+Japan&rft.au=Cordoba%2C+Juan+Pablo&rft.au=Garland%2C+Gonzalo&rft.au=Moro%2C+Andrea&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.aulast=Ando&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Ricerche+Economiche&rft.pages=179-205&rft.volume=49&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0035-5054%2895%2990001-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ogawa-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ogawa_213-0">213,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ogawa_213-1">213,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ogawa, Naohiro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/japan/socsec/ogawa.html">"Demographic Trends and their implications for Japan's future"</a>. <i>Transcript of speech delivered on 7 March 1997</i>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 14 de maio 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Demographic+Trends+and+their+implications+for+Japan%27s+future&rft.aufirst=Naohiro&rft.aulast=Ogawa&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transcript+of+speech+delivered+on+7+March+1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofa.go.jp%2Fj_info%2Fjapan%2Fsocsec%2Fogawa.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-214">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-02/japanese-population-drops-most-since-world-war-ii-after-quake.html">"Japan Population Drops Most Since World War II"</a>. 2 de xaneiro de 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan+Population+Drops+Most+Since+World+War+II&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-01-02%2Fjapanese-population-drops-most-since-world-war-ii-after-quake.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-215">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Ryall, Julian (3 de xaneiro de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8989372/Japans-population-contracts-at-fastest-rate-since-at-least-1947.html">"Japan's population contracts at fastest rate since at least 1947"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 29 de outubro de 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+population+contracts+at+fastest+rate+since+at+least+1947&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.aulast=Ryall&rft.chron=3+de+xaneiro+de+2012&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fjapan%2F8989372%2FJapans-population-contracts-at-fastest-rate-since-at-least-1947.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_216-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Strom, Stephanie (15 de xullo de 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F00E1DB173FF936A25754C0A96F958260&sec=health&spon=&scp=29&sq=suicide%20japan&st=cse">"In Japan, Mired in Recession, Suicides Soar"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de setembro de 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=In+Japan%2C+Mired+in+Recession%2C+Suicides+Soar&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.chron=15+de+xullo+de+1999&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F00E1DB173FF936A25754C0A96F958260%26sec%3Dhealth%26spon%3D%26scp%3D29%26sq%3Dsuicide%2520japan%26st%3Dcse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Times_217-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lewis, Leo (19 de xuño de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007173721/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4170649.ece">"Japan gripped by suicide epidemic"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4170649.ece">o orixinal</a> o 07 de outubro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de setembro de 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan+gripped+by+suicide+epidemic&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.chron=19+de+xu%C3%B1o+de+2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticle4170649.ece&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-218">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220233508/http://www.japantoday.com/category/opinions/view/bare-statistics-mask-human-cost-of-japan%E2%80%99s-high-suicide-rate">"Bare statistics mask human cost of Japan's high suicide rate"</a>. <i>Japan Today</i>. 31 de marzo de 2010. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantoday.com/category/opinions/view/bare-statistics-mask-human-cost-of-japan%E2%80%99s-high-suicide-rate">o orixinal</a> o 20 de febreiro de 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 3 de febreiro de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Bare+statistics+mask+human+cost+of+Japan%27s+high+suicide+rate&rft.chron=31+de+marzo+de+2010&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fopinions%2Fview%2Fbare-statistics-mask-human-cost-of-japan%25E2%2580%2599s-high-suicide-rate&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ozawa-desilva-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ozawa-desilva_219-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ozawa-de Silva, Chikako (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_culture-medicine-and-psychiatry_2008-12_32_4/page/516">"Too Lonely to Die Alone: Internet Suicide Pacts and Existential Suffering in Japan"</a>. <i>Cult Med Psychiatry</i> <b>32</b> (4): 516–551. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800195">18800195</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11013-008-9108-0">10.1007/s11013-008-9108-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Too+Lonely+to+Die+Alone%3A+Internet+Suicide+Pacts+and+Existential+Suffering+in+Japan&rft.aufirst=Chikako&rft.aulast=Ozawa-de+Silva&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Cult+Med+Psychiatry&rft.pages=516-551&rft.volume=32&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_culture-medicine-and-psychiatry_2008-12_32_4%2Fpage%2F516&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11013-008-9108-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18800195&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-220">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-newest/e/ppfj02/ppfj02.pdf">Population Projections for Japan: 2001-2050</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (Informe). National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Population+Projections+for+Japan%3A+2001-2050&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Population+and+Social+Security+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipss.go.jp%2Fpp-newest%2Fe%2Fppfj02%2Fppfj02.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-221">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Suzuki, Toru (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipss.go.jp/webj-ad/webjournal.files/population/2009_4/Web%20Journal_05.pdf">"The Latest Development in Population of Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Japanese Journal of Population</i> <b>7</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+Latest+Development+in+Population+of+Japan&rft.aufirst=Toru&rft.aulast=Suzuki&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=The+Japanese+Journal+of+Population&rft.volume=7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipss.go.jp%2Fwebj-ad%2Fwebjournal.files%2Fpopulation%2F2009_4%2FWeb%2520Journal_05.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-222">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sakanaka, Hidenori (5 de outubro de 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929222250/http://jipi.gr.jp/english/message.html">"Japan Immigration Policy Institute: Director's message"</a>. Japan Immigration Policy Institute. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jipi.gr.jp/english/message.html">o orixinal</a> o 29 de setembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 5 de xaneiro de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Hidenori&rft.aulast=Sakanaka&rft.btitle=Japan+Immigration+Policy+Institute%3A+Director%27s+message&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Japan+Immigration+Policy+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjipi.gr.jp%2Fenglish%2Fmessage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-223">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">French, Howard (24 de xullo de 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/24/international/asia/24JAPA.html?ei=5007&en=53c7315175389e69&ex=1374379200&partner=USERLAND&pagewanted=all&position=">"Insular Japan Needs, but Resists, Immigration"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 21 de febreiro de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Insular+Japan+Needs%2C+but+Resists%2C+Immigration&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.aulast=French&rft.chron=24+de+xullo+de+2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F07%2F24%2Finternational%2Fasia%2F24JAPA.html%3Fei%3D5007%26en%3D53c7315175389e69%26ex%3D1374379200%26partner%3DUSERLAND%26pagewanted%3Dall%26position%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-224">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moj.go.jp/TOUKEI/t_minj03.html"><bdi lang="ja">帰化許可申請者数等の推移</bdi></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span>. Ministerio de Xustiza do Xapón<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de marzo de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=%E5%B8%B0%E5%8C%96%E8%A8%B1%E5%8F%AF%E7%94%B3%E8%AB%E8%85%E6%95%B0%E7%89%E3%81%AE%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Xustiza+do+Xap%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moj.go.jp%2FTOUKEI%2Ft_minj03.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-225">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814171503/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/20/national/2012-saw-record-high-2545-people-apply-for-refugee-status-in-japan/#.UXWOPEpnhIE">"2012 saw record-high 2,545 people apply for refugee status in Japan"</a>. <i>Japan Times</i>. 20 de marzo de 2013. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/20/national/2012-saw-record-high-2545-people-apply-for-refugee-status-in-japan/#.UXWOPEpnhIE">o orixinal</a> o 14 de agosto de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=2012+saw+record-high+2%2C545+people+apply+for+refugee+status+in+Japan&rft.chron=20+de+marzo+de+2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2013%2F03%2F20%2Fnational%2F2012-saw-record-high-2545-people-apply-for-refugee-status-in-japan%2F%23.UXWOPEpnhIE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-226">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/jinsoku/zuhyou/jinsoku.xls">Table 1. Population and Households - Japan, All Shi, All Gun and Prefectures</a> (Censo oficial) <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a> e xaponés)</span>. Goberno do Xapón. 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Table+1.+Population+and+Households+-+Japan%2C+All+Shi%2C+All+Gun+and+Prefectures&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=Goberno+do+Xap%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.go.jp%2Fdata%2Fkokusei%2F2010%2Fjinsoku%2Fzuhyou%2Fjinsoku.xls&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-227">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-228">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Prohl, Inken; Nelson, John K., eds. (2012). <i>Handbook of Contemporary Japanese Religions</i>. BRILL. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9789004234352" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9789004234352">9789004234352</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Contemporary+Japanese+Religions&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789004234352&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-229">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1120/21PRPLJ363.pdf?sequence=1">"Separation of religion and state in Japan: A pragmatic interpretation of articles 20 and 89 of the japanese constitution"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal</i> (Universidade de Washington) <b>21</b> (2): 363–398. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Separation+of+religion+and+state+in+Japan%3A+A+pragmatic+interpretation+of+articles+20+and+89+of+the+japanese+constitution&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Rim+Law+%26+Policy+Journal&rft.pages=363-398&rft.volume=21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.law.washington.edu%2Fdspace-law%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1773.1%2F1120%2F21PRPLJ363.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-230">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (15 de setembro de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71342.htm">"International Religious Freedom Report 2006"</a>. US Department of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 4 de decembro de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Bureau+of+Democracy%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+Labor&rft.btitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2006%2F71342.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kisala-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kisala_231-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kisala, Robert (2005). Wargo, Robert, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/logicofnothingne0000warg"><i>The Logic Of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitarō</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/logicofnothingne0000warg/page/3">3</a>–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-8248-2284-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-8248-2284-6">0-8248-2284-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Kisala&rft.btitle=The+Logic+Of+Nothingness%3A+A+Study+of+Nishida+Kitar%C5&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8248-2284-6&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flogicofnothingne0000warg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReischauerJansen215-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ReischauerJansen215_232-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Reischauer, Edwin Oldfather; Jansen, Marius B. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesetodaycha00reis"><i>The Japanese today: change and continuity</i></a> (2ª ed.). Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesetodaycha00reis/page/215">215</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-674-47184-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-674-47184-9">978-0-674-47184-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Jansen%2C+Marius+B.&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Oldfather&rft.aulast=Reischauer&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+today%3A+change+and+continuity&rft.date=1988&rft.edition=2%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-674-47184-9&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapanesetodaycha00reis&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-233">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kato, Mariko (24 de febreiro de 2009). "Christianity's long history in the margins". <i>Japan Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Christianity%27s+long+history+in+the+margins&rft.aufirst=Mariko&rft.aulast=Kato&rft.chron=24+de+febreiro+de+2009&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_234-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Clarke, Peter, ed. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780895775016"><i>The World's religions : understanding the living faiths</i></a>. Reader's Digest. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780895775016/page/208">208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-89577-501-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-89577-501-6">978-0-89577-501-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+religions+%3A+understanding+the+living+faiths&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-89577-501-6&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780895775016&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-235">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ashida, Tetsurō; Daigaku, Kokugakuin; Kenkyūjo, Nihon Bunka (1994). <i>Folk beliefs in modern Japan</i>. Contemporary papers on Japanese religion <b>3</b>. Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9784905853022" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9784905853022">9784905853022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Daigaku%2C+Kokugakuin&rft.au=Kenky%C5%ABjo%2C+Nihon+Bunka&rft.aufirst=Tetsur%C5&rft.aulast=Ashida&rft.btitle=Folk+beliefs+in+modern+Japan&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9784905853022&rft.pub=Institute+for+Japanese+Culture+and+Classics%2C+Kokugakuin+University&rft.series=Contemporary+papers+on+Japanese+religion&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-236">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kaplan, Robert B.; Baldauf Jr., Richard B. "Language Planning in Japan". <i>Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin</i>. Springer. pp. 17–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-94-017-0145-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-94-017-0145-7">978-94-017-0145-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Language+Planning+in+Japan&rft.au=Baldauf+Jr.%2C+Richard+B.&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.btitle=Language+and+Language-in-Education+Planning+in+the+Pacific+Basin&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-94-017-0145-7&rft.pages=17-29&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-237">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Miyagawa, Shigeru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/jpnet/articles/JapaneseLanguage.html">"The Japanese Language"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Tecnolox%C3%ADa_de_Massachusetts" title="Instituto de Tecnoloxía de Massachusetts">Instituto de Tecnoloxía de Massachusetts</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Shigeru&rft.aulast=Miyagawa&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Language&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Instituto+de+Tecnolox%C3a+de+Massachusetts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fjpnet%2Farticles%2FJapaneseLanguage.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-238">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shimabukuro, Moriyo (2007). <i>The Accentual History of the Japanese and Ryukyuan Languages: A Reconstruction</i>. Global Oriental. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9781901903638" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9781901903638">9781901903638</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Moriyo&rft.aulast=Shimabukuro&rft.btitle=The+Accentual+History+of+the+Japanese+and+Ryukyuan+Languages%3A+A+Reconstruction&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781901903638&rft.pub=Global+Oriental&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-239">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Heinrich, Patrick (2004). "Language Planning and Language Ideology in the Ryūkyū Islands". <i>Language Policy</i> <b>3</b> (2): 153–179. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3ALPOL.0000036192.53709.fc">10.1023/B:LPOL.0000036192.53709.fc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Language+Planning+and+Language+Ideology+in+the+Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB+Islands&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.aulast=Heinrich&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Language+Policy&rft.pages=153-179&rft.volume=3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FB%3ALPOL.0000036192.53709.fc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-240">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080106062419/http://www.un.org/works/culture/japan_story.html">"15 families keep ancient language alive in Japan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacións Unidas">Nacións Unidas</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/works/culture/japan_story.html">o orixinal</a> o 06 de xaneiro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=15+families+keep+ancient+language+alive+in+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Naci%C3%B3ns+Unidas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fworks%2Fculture%2Fjapan_story.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-241">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ellington, Lucien (1 de decembro de 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405075716/http://www.fpri.org/footnotes/087.200312.ellington.japaneseeducation.html">"Beyond the Rhetoric: Essential Questions About Japanese Education"</a>. Foreign Policy Research Institute. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fpri.org/footnotes/087.200312.ellington.japaneseeducation.html">o orixinal</a> o 05 de abril de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft.aulast=Ellington&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Rhetoric%3A+Essential+Questions+About+Japanese+Education&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Foreign+Policy+Research+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpri.org%2Ffootnotes%2F087.200312.ellington.japaneseeducation.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-242">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102112620/http://www.mext.go.jp/english/statist/05101901/005.pdf">"School Education"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/english/statist/05101901/005.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 02 de xaneiro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de marzo de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=School+Education&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education%2C+Culture%2C+Sports%2C+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mext.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fstatist%2F05101901%2F005.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-243">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100316173528/http://www.globaluniversitiesranking.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94&Itemid=131">"TOP – 100"</a>. Global Universities Ranking. 2009. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globaluniversitiesranking.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94&Itemid=131">o orixinal</a> o 16 de marzo de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de marzo de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=TOP+%93+100&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Global+Universities+Ranking&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globaluniversitiesranking.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D94%26Itemid%3D131&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-244">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110403044940/http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2010">"QS World University Rankings 2010"</a>. QS TopUniversities. 2010. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2010">o orixinal</a> o 03 de abril de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de xaneiro de 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=QS+World+University+Rankings+2010&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=QS+TopUniversities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversity-rankings%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2010&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-245">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/document/22/0,3343,en_2649_201185_39713238_1_1_1_1,00.html">"OECD's PISA survey shows some countries making significant gains in learning outcomes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCDE" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">OCDE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=OECD%27s+PISA+survey+shows+some+countries+making+significant+gains+in+learning+outcomes&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=OCDE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdocument%2F22%2F0%2C3343%2Cen_2649_201185_39713238_1_1_1_1%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-246">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rodwin, Victor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/projects/rodwin/lessons.html">"Health Care in Japan"</a>. Universidade de Nova York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 10 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.aulast=Rodwin&rft.btitle=Health+Care+in+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Universidade+de+Nova+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyu.edu%2Fprojects%2Frodwin%2Flessons.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-247">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180907184624/http://www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/Jasos/Health.html">"Health Insurance: General Characteristics"</a>. Instituto Nacional de Poboación e Investigación da Seguridade Social. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/Jasos/Health.html">o orixinal</a> o 07 de setembro de 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Health+Insurance%3A+General+Characteristics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Poboaci%C3%B3n+e+Investigaci%C3%B3n+da+Seguridade+Social&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipss.go.jp%2Fs-info%2Fe%2FJasos%2FHealth.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNODC2013-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UNODC2013_248-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf">Global Study on Homicide 2013</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (Informe). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Global+Study+on+Homicide+2013&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=report&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fgsh%2Fpdfs%2F2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Numbers-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Numbers_249-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120420082225/http://www.npa.go.jp/hakusyo/h22/english/White_Paper_2010_8.pdf">"Public Safety Commission System and Police Activity Support"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Japanese National Police Agency. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npa.go.jp/hakusyo/h22/english/White_Paper_2010_8.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 20 de abril de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de febreiro de 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Public+Safety+Commission+System+and+Police+Activity+Support&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Japanese+National+Police+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npa.go.jp%2Fhakusyo%2Fh22%2Fenglish%2FWhite_Paper_2010_8.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-250">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kyodo (10 de xaneiro de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140318153532/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/01/10/national/crime-rate-in-japan-falls-11th-straight-year/#.V2fDpPl97bh">"Crime rate in Japan falls for the 11th straight year"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/01/10/national/crime-rate-in-japan-falls-11th-straight-year/#.V2fDpPl97bh">o orixinal</a> o 18 de marzo de 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Crime+rate+in+Japan+falls+for+the+11th+straight+year&rft.au=Kyodo&rft.chron=10+de+xaneiro+de+2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2014%2F01%2F10%2Fnational%2Fcrime-rate-in-japan-falls-11th-straight-year%2F%23.V2fDpPl97bh&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-251">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Allerman, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/806/9PacRimLPolyJ165.pdf?sequence=1">"The japanese firearm and sword possession control law: Translator's introduction"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal</i> <b>9</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+japanese+firearm+and+sword+possession+control+law%3A+Translator%27s+introduction&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Allerman&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Rim+Law+%26+Policy+Journal&rft.volume=9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.law.washington.edu%2Fdspace-law%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1773.1%2F806%2F9PacRimLPolyJ165.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-252">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/06/membership-japan-yakuza-crime-gangs-low">"Membership of Japan's yakuza crime gangs falls to all-time low"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Agence France-Presse. 6 de marzo de 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Membership+of+Japan%27s+yakuza+crime+gangs+falls+to+all-time+low&rft.chron=6+de+marzo+de+2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fmar%2F06%2Fmembership-japan-yakuza-crime-gangs-low&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-253">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hill, Peter B. E. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesemafiayak00hill"><i>The Japanese Mafia: Yakuza, Law, and the State</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesemafiayak00hill/page/n14">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780199257522" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780199257522">9780199257522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.+E.&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Mafia%3A+Yakuza%2C+Law%2C+and+the+State&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780199257522&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapanesemafiayak00hill&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECJC-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ECJC_254-0">254,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ECJC_254-1">254,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Buckley, Sandra (2009). <i>The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780415481526" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780415481526">9780415481526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Japanese+Culture&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780415481526&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-255">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bunka.go.jp/english/index.html">"Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan"</a>. Agency for Cultural Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 11 de maio de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Administration+of+Cultural+Affairs+in+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Agency+for+Cultural+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bunka.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-256">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">新村出, ed. (2008). <i>Kōjien</i> <bdi lang="ja">広辞苑</bdi> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span> (6ª ed.). 岩波書店. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9784000801218" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9784000801218">9784000801218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=K%C5jien+%E5%BA%83%E8%BE%9E%E8%91&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=6%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9784000801218&rft.pub=%E5%B2%A9%E6%B3%A2%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-257">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tange, Kenzo; Kawazoe, Noboru (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iseprototypeofja00asah"><i>Ise: Prototype of Japanese Architecture</i></a>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780262200066" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780262200066">9780262200066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Kawazoe%2C+Noboru&rft.aufirst=Kenzo&rft.aulast=Tange&rft.btitle=Ise%3A+Prototype+of+Japanese+Architecture&rft.date=1965&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780262200066&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiseprototypeofja00asah&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-258">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Reynolds, Jonathan M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_art-bulletin_2001-06_83_2/page/316">"Ise Shrine and a Modernist Construction of Japanese Tradition"</a>. <i>The Art Bulletin</i> <b>83</b> (2): 316–341. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3177211">3177211</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3177211">10.2307/3177211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Ise+Shrine+and+a+Modernist+Construction+of+Japanese+Tradition&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Bulletin&rft.pages=316-341&rft.volume=83&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3177211&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_art-bulletin_2001-06_83_2%2Fpage%2F316&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3177211&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-259">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kazuo, Nishi; Kazuo, Hozumi (1995). <i>What is Japanese Architecture?: A Survey of Traditional Japanese Architecture with a List of Sites and a Map</i>. Kodansha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-4-7700-1992-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-4-7700-1992-9">978-4-7700-1992-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Kazuo%2C+Hozumi&rft.aufirst=Nishi&rft.aulast=Kazuo&rft.btitle=What+is+Japanese+Architecture%3F%3A+A+Survey+of+Traditional+Japanese+Architecture+with+a+List+of+Sites+and+a+Map&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-4-7700-1992-9&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_260-0">260,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_260-1">260,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard (2010). <i>Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African, and Pacific Art and the London Avant-Garde</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-19-959369-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-19-959369-9">978-0-19-959369-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Rupert+Richard&rft.aulast=Arrowsmith&rft.btitle=Modernism+and+the+Museum%3A+Asian%2C+African%2C+and+Pacific+Art+and+the+London+Avant-Garde&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959369-9&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-261">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bouquillard, Jocelyn; Marquet, Christophe (2007). <i>Hokusai: First Manga Master</i>. Nova York: Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-8109-9341-4" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-8109-9341-4">0-8109-9341-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Marquet%2C+Christophe&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn&rft.aulast=Bouquillard&rft.btitle=Hokusai%3A+First+Manga+Master&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8109-9341-4&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pub=Abrams&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-262">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ito, Kinko (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-popular-culture_2005-02_38_3/page/456">"A History of Manga in the Context of Japanese Culture and Society"</a>. <i>Journal of Popular Culture</i> <b>38</b> (3): 456–475. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.2005.00123.x">10.1111/j.0022-3840.2005.00123.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Manga+in+the+Context+of+Japanese+Culture+and+Society&rft.aufirst=Kinko&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Popular+Culture&rft.pages=456-475&rft.volume=38&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-popular-culture_2005-02_38_3%2Fpage%2F456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.2005.00123.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-263">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tze-Yue G. Hu (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/framesofanimecul0000hutz"><i>Frames of Anime: Culture and Image-Building</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/framesofanimecul0000hutz/page/7">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9789622090989" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9789622090989">9789622090989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Tze-Yue+G.+Hu&rft.btitle=Frames+of+Anime%3A+Culture+and+Image-Building&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789622090989&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fframesofanimecul0000hutz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-264">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Herman, Leonard; Horwitz, Jer; Kent, Steve; Miller, Skyler (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122934/http://uk.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hov/index.html">"The History of Video Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/video/hov/index.html">o orixinal</a> o 29 de setembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Video+Games&rft.au=Horwitz%2C+Jer&rft.au=Kent%2C+Steve&rft.au=Miller%2C+Skyler&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.gamespot.com%2Fgamespot%2Ffeatures%2Fvideo%2Fhov%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-265">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene1999">Keene 1999</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-266">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">Lurie, David (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116015033/http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~ascj/2000/200015.htm"><i>The Preface to the Kojiki and Nara Period Writing Systems</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~ascj/2000/200015.htm">Asian Studies Conference Japan</a>. Meiji Gakuin University. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~ascj/2000/200015.htm">o orixinal</a> o 16 de xaneiro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Lurie&rft.btitle=The+Preface+to+the+Kojiki+and+Nara+Period+Writing+Systems&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=conference&rft.pub=Meiji+Gakuin+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meijigakuin.ac.jp%2F~ascj%2F2000%2F200015.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ispmsu-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ispmsu_267-0">267,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ispmsu_267-1">267,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011065654/http://isp.msu.edu/AsianStudies/wbwoa/eastasia/Japan/literature.html">"Windows on Asia—Literature : Antiquity to Middle Ages: Recent Past"</a>. Michigan State University. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isp.msu.edu/AsianStudies/wbwoa/eastasia/Japan/literature.html">o orixinal</a> o 11 de outubro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de decembro de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Windows+on+Asia%94Literature+%3A+Antiquity+to+Middle+Ages%3A+Recent+Past&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisp.msu.edu%2FAsianStudies%2Fwbwoa%2Feastasia%2FJapan%2Fliterature.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-268">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman2005">Totman 2005</a>, pp. 126–127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-269">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Royall, Tyler, ed. (2003). <i>The Tale of Genji</i>. Penguin Classics. pp. i–ii, xii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-14-243714-X" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-14-243714-X">0-14-243714-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Tale+of+Genji&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-14-243714-X&rft.pages=i-ii%2C+xii&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-270">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Keene, Donald (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldwithinwalls0000keen_w7k3"><i>World Within Walls: Japanese Literature of the Pre-Modern Era, 1600–1867</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-231-11467-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-231-11467-7">978-0-231-11467-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.btitle=World+Within+Walls%3A+Japanese+Literature+of+the+Pre-Modern+Era%2C+1600%931867&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11467-7&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldwithinwalls0000keen_w7k3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-271">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aramajapan.com/news/the-international-federation-of-the-phonographic-industry-releases-its-2014-data-on-the-world-music-market/18281/#more-18281">"The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry Releases Its 2014 Data on the World Music Market"</a>. <i>aramajapan.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de abril de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+International+Federation+of+the+Phonographic+Industry+Releases+Its+2014+Data+on+the+World+Music+Market&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aramajapan.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faramajapan.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-international-federation-of-the-phonographic-industry-releases-its-2014-data-on-the-world-music-market%2F18281%2F%23more-18281&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-272">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2014/12/2014-oricon-yearly-album-ranking-top50">"2014 Oricon Yearly Album Ranking TOP50"</a>. <i>tokyohive</i>. 6Theory Media, LLC. 20 de decembro de 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de abril de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=2014+Oricon+Yearly+Album+Ranking+TOP50&rft.chron=20+de+decembro+de+2014&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tokyohive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokyohive.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F12%2F2014-oricon-yearly-album-ranking-top50&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-273">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2014/12/2014-oricon-yearly-single-ranking-top50">"2014 Oricon Yearly Single Ranking TOP50"</a>. <i>tokyohive</i>. 6Theory Media, LLC. 20 de decembro de 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de abril de 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=2014+Oricon+Yearly+Single+Ranking+TOP50&rft.chron=20+de+decembro+de+2014&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tokyohive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokyohive.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F12%2F2014-oricon-yearly-single-ranking-top50&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-274">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Eu, Geoffrey (1995). Davis, Malcom B., ed. <i>Japan</i>. Houghton Mifflin Co. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780395664339" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780395664339">9780395664339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.aulast=Eu&rft.btitle=Japan&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780395664339&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Co.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-275">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215305/http://factsanddetails.com/japan.php?itemid=708&catid=20&subcatid=130">"Classical Japanese Music: Gagaku Court Music, Shakuhachi Flutes, The Koto, Biwa And Other Traditional Instruments - Japan"</a>. Facts and Details. 27 de outubro de 2010. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factsanddetails.com/japan.php?itemid=708&catid=20&subcatid=130">o orixinal</a> o 04 de outubro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 23 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Classical+Japanese+Music%3A+Gagaku+Court+Music%2C+Shakuhachi+Flutes%2C+The+Koto%2C+Biwa+And+Other+Traditional+Instruments+-+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Facts+and+Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactsanddetails.com%2Fjapan.php%3Fitemid%3D708%26catid%3D20%26subcatid%3D130&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-malm.1963-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-malm.1963_276-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Malm, William P. (1963). <i>Nagauta: The Heart of Kabuki Music</i>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0837169003" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0837169003">0837169003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=William+P.&rft.aulast=Malm&rft.btitle=Nagauta%3A+The+Heart+of+Kabuki+Music&rft.date=1963&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0837169003&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-277">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hara, Reiko (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationalcui0000hara"><i>International Cuisine: Japan</i></a>. Hodder Arnold. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780340905777" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780340905777">9780340905777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Reiko&rft.aulast=Hara&rft.btitle=International+Cuisine%3A+Japan&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780340905777&rft.pub=Hodder+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finternationalcui0000hara&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-278">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212751/http://www.tjf.or.jp/eng/content/japaneseculture/pdf/ge09shun.pdf">"A Day in the Life: Seasonal Foods"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Japan Forum Newsletter</i>. 14 de setembro de 1999. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tjf.or.jp/eng/content/japaneseculture/pdf/ge09shun.pdf">o orixinal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> o 16 de xaneiro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 16 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=A+Day+in+the+Life%3A+Seasonal+Foods&rft.chron=14+de+setembro+de+1999&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Forum+Newsletter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tjf.or.jp%2Feng%2Fcontent%2Fjapaneseculture%2Fpdf%2Fge09shun.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ashkenazi-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ashkenazi_279-0">279,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ashkenazi_279-1">279,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ashkenazi, Michael; Jacob, Jeanne (2000). <i>The Essence of Japanese Cuisine: An Essay on Food and Culture</i>. Curzon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-7007-1085-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-7007-1085-0">978-0-7007-1085-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Jeanne&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Ashkenazi&rft.btitle=The+Essence+of+Japanese+Cuisine%3A+An+Essay+on+Food+and+Culture&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1085-0&rft.pub=Curzon+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-280">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://delishably.com/meat-dishes/The-Different-Kinds-of-Sushi">"The Different Kinds of Sushi: Types, Names, and Photos"</a>. <i>Delishably</i>. 20 de xaneiro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 8 de xullo de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=The+Different+Kinds+of+Sushi%3A+Types%2C+Names%2C+and+Photos&rft.chron=20+de+xaneiro+de+2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delishably&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdelishably.com%2Fmeat-dishes%2FThe-Different-Kinds-of-Sushi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-michelin20101124-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-michelin20101124_281-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-cache.stream.ne.jp/www09/michelin/guide/tokyo/"><bdi lang="ja">「ミシュランガイド東京・横浜・鎌倉2011」を発行 三つ星が14軒、 二つ星が54軒、一つ星が198軒に</bdi></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en xaponés)</span>. Michelin Japan. 24 de novembro de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de febreiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=%E3%8C%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%BB%E6%A8%AA%E6%B5%9C%E3%83%BB%E9%8E%8C%E5%892011%E3%E3%82%92%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%8C%E3%E4%B8%89%E3%81%A4%E6%98%9F%E3%81%8C14%E8%BB%92%E3%81+%E4%BA%8C%E3%81%A4%E6%98%9F%E3%81%8C54%E8%BB%92%E3%81%E4%B8%E3%81%A4%E6%98%9F%E3%81%8C198%E8%BB%92%E3%81%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Michelin+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb-cache.stream.ne.jp%2Fwww09%2Fmichelin%2Fguide%2Ftokyo%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-282">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930041547/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/sumoeastandwest/sumo.html">"Sumo: East and West"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS">PBS</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/sumoeastandwest/sumo.html">o orixinal</a> o 30 de setembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 10 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Sumo%3A+East+and+West&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Findependentlens%2Fsumoeastandwest%2Fsumo.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-283">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Guttmann, Allen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesesportshi00gutt"><i>Japanese Sports: A History</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesesportshi00gutt/page/n202">176</a>-180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780824824648" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780824824648">9780824824648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.aulast=Guttmann&rft.btitle=Japanese+Sports%3A+A+History&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780824824648&rft.pages=176-180&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapanesesportshi00gutt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-284">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317192109/http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/facts/culture_dailylife.html#sports">"Culture and Daily Life"</a>. Embassy of Japan in the UK. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/facts/culture_dailylife.html#sports">o orixinal</a> o 17 de marzo de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 27 de marzo de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Daily+Life&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Japan+in+the+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uk.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fen%2Ffacts%2Fculture_dailylife.html%23sports&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-285">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/tokyo-1964-summer-olympics">"TOKYO 1964: The Games come to Asia for the first time"</a>. <i>Official website of the Olympic Movement</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 25 de febreiro de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=TOKYO+1964%3A+The+Games+come+to+Asia+for+the+first+time&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+the+Olympic+Movement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Ftokyo-1964-summer-olympics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-286">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joc.or.jp/english/historyjapan/history_japan_bid.html">"Olympic History in Japan"</a>. Japanese Olympic Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Olympic+History+in+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Japanese+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joc.or.jp%2Fenglish%2Fhistoryjapan%2Fhistory_japan_bid.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-287">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-selects-tokyo-as-host-of-2020-summer-olympic-games/208784">"IOC selects Tokyo as host of 2020 Summer Olympic Games"</a>. 7 de setembro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=IOC+selects+Tokyo+as+host+of+2020+Summer+Olympic+Games&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fnews%2Fioc-selects-tokyo-as-host-of-2020-summer-olympic-games%2F208784&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-288">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/8170488.stm">"England will host 2015 World Cup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 28 de xullo de 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 28 de xullo de 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=England+will+host+2015+World+Cup&rft.chron=28+de+xullo+de+2009&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2F8170488.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-289">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Levinson, David; Christensen, Karen (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00levi_521"><i>Encyclopedia of World Sport: From Ancient Times to the Present</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00levi_521/page/n47">29</a>-31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780195131956" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780195131956">9780195131956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Christensen%2C+Karen&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Sport%3A+From+Ancient+Times+to+the+Present&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780195131956&rft.pages=29-31&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaworl00levi_521&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-290">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nagata, Yoichi; Holway, John B. (1995). "Japanese Baseball". En Thorn, John; Palmer, Pete; Gershman, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/totalbaseball0000unse_j5d7"><i>Total Baseball</i></a> (4ª ed.). Viking Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/totalbaseball0000unse_j5d7/page/547">547</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780670860999" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780670860999">9780670860999</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japanese+Baseball&rft.au=Holway%2C+John+B.&rft.aufirst=Yoichi&rft.aulast=Nagata&rft.btitle=Total+Baseball&rft.date=1995&rft.edition=4%AA&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780670860999&rft.pages=547&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftotalbaseball0000unse_j5d7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-291">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tjf.or.jp/takarabako/PDF/TB09_JCN.pdf">"Soccer as a Popular Sport: Putting Down Roots in Japan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. The Japan Forum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Soccer+as+a+Popular+Sport%3A+Putting+Down+Roots+in+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Japan+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tjf.or.jp%2Ftakarabako%2FPDF%2FTB09_JCN.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-292">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190222081910/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/index.html">"Previous FIFA World Cups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/index.html">o orixinal</a> o 22 de febreiro de 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 7 de xaneiro de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Previous+FIFA+World+Cups&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=FIFA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fworldcup%2Farchive%2Fedition%3D4395%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-293">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125085954/http://www.afcasiancup.com/team/en/Japan">"Team Japan"</a>. Asian Football Confederation. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afcasiancup.com/team/en/Japan">o orixinal</a> o 25 de xaneiro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 2 de marzo de 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Team+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Asian+Football+Confederation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afcasiancup.com%2Fteam%2Fen%2FJapan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-294">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112083228/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255989/match=300144437/summary.html">"Japan edge USA for maiden title"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a>. 17 de xullo de 2011. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255989/match=300144437/summary.html">o orixinal</a> o 12 de xaneiro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de xullo de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Japan+edge+USA+for+maiden+title&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=FIFA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fwomensworldcup%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D255989%2Fmatch%3D300144437%2Fsummary.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-295">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Varcoe, Fred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215517/http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/604/sports.asp">"Japanese Golf Gets Friendly"</a>. <i>Metropolis</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/604/sports.asp">o orixinal</a> o 26 de setembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japanese+Golf+Gets+Friendly&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.aulast=Varcoe&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metropolis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetropolis.co.jp%2Ftokyo%2F604%2Fsports.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-296">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Clarke, Len. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215524/http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/623/sports.asp">"Japanese Omnibus: Sports"</a>. <i>Metropolis</i>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/623/sports.asp">o orixinal</a> o 26 de setembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de abril de 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japanese+Omnibus%3A+Sports&rft.aufirst=Len&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metropolis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetropolis.co.jp%2Ftokyo%2F623%2Fsports.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-consulteny-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-consulteny_297-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203204908/http://www.ny.us.emb-japan.go.jp/en/c/vol_12-4/title_04.html">"Hoop Dreams – Yuta Tabuse, "The Jordan of Japan<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. Consulate General of Japan in New York. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ny.us.emb-japan.go.jp/en/c/vol_12-4/title_04.html">o orixinal</a> o 03 de decembro de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 19 de xaneiro de 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Hoop+Dreams+%93+Yuta+Tabuse%2C+%22The+Jordan+of+Japan%22&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ny.us.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fen%2Fc%2Fvol_12-4%2Ftitle_04.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=32" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia sobre:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Japan">Xapón</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia sobre:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Japan">Atlas do Xapón</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japangeo_vector.svg/32px-Japangeo_vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japangeo_vector.svg/48px-Japangeo_vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japangeo_vector.svg/64px-Japangeo_vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="255" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">A Galipedia ten un <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portal</a> sobre: <i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Xap%C3%B3n" title="Portal:Xapón">Xapón</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=33" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBoxer1951" class="citation book">Boxer, Charles Ralph (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christiancentury0000boxe"><i>The Christian century in Japan 1549–1650</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/1-85754-035-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/1-85754-035-2">1-85754-035-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Charles+Ralph&rft.aulast=Boxer&rft.btitle=The+Christian+century+in+Japan+1549%931650&rft.date=1951&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-85754-035-2&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristiancentury0000boxe&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDean2002" class="citation book">Dean, Meryll (2002). <i>Japanese legal system: text, cases & materials</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span> (2ª ed.). Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-85941-673-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-85941-673-0">978-1-85941-673-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Meryll&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.btitle=Japanese+legal+system%3A+text%2C+cases+%26+materials&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=2%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-85941-673-0&rft.pub=Cavendish&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHenshall2012" class="citation book">Henshall, Kenneth (2012). <i>A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-230-34662-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-230-34662-8">978-0-230-34662-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.aulast=Henshall&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+From+Stone+Age+to+Superpower&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-230-34662-8&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKaran2005" class="citation book">Karan, Pradyumna (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanin21stcentu0000kara"><i>Japan in the 21st century</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Ilustrador: Gilbreath, Dick. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780813123424" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780813123424">9780813123424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Pradyumna&rft.aulast=Karan&rft.btitle=Japan+in+the+21st+century&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780813123424&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapanin21stcentu0000kara&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKeene1999" class="citation book">Keene, Donald (1999) [1993]. <i>Seeds in the Heart: Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century</i>. A History of Japanese Literature <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span> <b>1</b>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-231-11441-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-231-11441-7">978-0-231-11441-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.btitle=Seeds+in+the+Heart%3A+Japanese+Literature+from+Earliest+Times+to+the+Late+Sixteenth+Century&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11441-7&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.series=A+History+of+Japanese+Literature&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMcCargo2000" class="citation book">McCargo, Duncan (2000). <i>Contemporary Japan</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0-333-71000-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/0-333-71000-2">0-333-71000-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft.aulast=McCargo&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Japan&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-333-71000-2&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNussbaumRoth2005" class="citation book">Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric; Roth, Käthe (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui_t6g9"><i>Japan Encyclopedia</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-674-01753-5">978-0-674-01753-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301">48943301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.au=Roth%2C+K%C3%A4the&rft.aufirst=Louis+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01753-5&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapanencyclopedi0000loui_t6g9&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48943301&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPerez1998" class="citation book">Perez, Louis G. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00pere"><i>The History of Japan</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-313-30296-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-313-30296-1">978-0-313-30296-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Louis+G.&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Japan&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30296-1&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan00pere&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTotman2005" class="citation book">Totman, Conrad (2005). <i>A History of Japan</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span> (2ª ed.). Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/1-4051-2359-1" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/1-4051-2359-1">1-4051-2359-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=2%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-4051-2359-1&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=34" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151220044055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html">"Japan"</a>. <i>CIA World Factbook</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html">o orixinal</a> o 20 de decembro de 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de setembro de 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fja.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318071436/https://www.turismo-japon.es/">"Oficina Nacional del Turismo Japonés"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turismo-japon.es/">o orixinal</a> o 18 de marzo de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 15 de xuño de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Oficina+Nacional+del+Turismo+Japon%C3%A9s&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismo-japon.es%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japan.kantei.go.jp/index.html">"Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=Prime+Minister+of+Japan+and+His+Cabinet&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjapan.kantei.go.jp%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/">"The Imperial Household Agency"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AXap%C3%B3n&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Household+Agency&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunaicho.go.jp%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Países_e_dependencias_de_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Modelo:Asia" title="Modelo:Asia"><abbr title="Ver o modelo">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-conversa"><a 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selflink">Xapón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeorxia" title="Xeorxia">Xeorxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xordania" title="Xordania">Xordania</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 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title="Territorio dependente">Dependencias</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">e</span> rexións<br />administrativas especiais</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illas_Cocos" title="Illas Cocos">Illas Cocos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illa_de_Nadal" title="Illa de Nadal">Illa de Nadal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">China</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Modelo:Xap%C3%B3n" title="Modelo:Xapón"><abbr title="Ver o modelo">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-conversa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversa_modelo:Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversa modelo:Xapón (a páxina aínda non existe)"><abbr title="Conversa do modelo">c</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Xap%C3%B3n&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar o modelo">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Divisións_administrativas_do_Xapón" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Divisións administrativas do <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xapón</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecturas_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Prefecturas do Xapón">Prefecturas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Aichi" title="Prefectura de Aichi">Aichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Akita" title="Prefectura de Akita">Akita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Aomori" title="Prefectura de Aomori">Aomori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Chiba" title="Prefectura de Chiba">Chiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Ehime" title="Prefectura de Ehime">Ehime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Fukui" title="Prefectura de Fukui">Fukui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Fukuoka" title="Prefectura de Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Fukushima" title="Prefectura de Fukushima">Fukushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Gifu" title="Prefectura de Gifu">Gifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Gunma" title="Prefectura de Gunma">Gunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Hiroshima" title="Prefectura de Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Prefectura de Hyōgo">Hyōgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Ibaraki" title="Prefectura de Ibaraki">Ibaraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Ishikawa" title="Prefectura de Ishikawa">Ishikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Iwate" title="Prefectura de Iwate">Iwate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kagawa" title="Prefectura de Kagawa">Kagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kagoshima" title="Prefectura de Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kanagawa" title="Prefectura de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_K%C5%8Dchi" title="Prefectura de Kōchi">Kōchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kumamoto" title="Prefectura de Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Kyoto" title="Prefectura de Kyoto">Kyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Mie" title="Prefectura de Mie">Mie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Miyagi" title="Prefectura de Miyagi">Miyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Miyazaki" title="Prefectura de Miyazaki">Miyazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Nagano" title="Prefectura de Nagano">Nagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Nagasaki" title="Prefectura de Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Nara" title="Prefectura de Nara">Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Niigata" title="Prefectura de Niigata">Niigata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_%C5%8Cita" title="Prefectura de Ōita">Ōita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Okayama" title="Prefectura de Okayama">Okayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Okinawa" title="Prefectura de Okinawa">Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Osaca" title="Prefectura de Osaca">Osaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Saga" title="Prefectura de Saga">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Saitama" title="Prefectura de Saitama">Saitama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Shiga" title="Prefectura de Shiga">Shiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Shimane" title="Prefectura de Shimane">Shimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Shizuoka" title="Prefectura de Shizuoka">Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Tochigi" title="Prefectura de Tochigi">Tochigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Tokushima" title="Prefectura de Tokushima">Tokushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio">Toquio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Tottori" title="Prefectura de Tottori">Tottori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Toyama" title="Prefectura de Toyama">Toyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Wakayama" title="Prefectura de Wakayama">Wakayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Yamagata" title="Prefectura de Yamagata">Yamagata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Yamaguchi" title="Prefectura de Yamaguchi">Yamaguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectura_de_Yamanashi" title="Prefectura de Yamanashi">Yamanashi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandeira do Xapón"><img alt="Bandeira do Xapón" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/150px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/200px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3ns_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Rexións do Xapón">Rexións</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_de_T%C5%8Dhoku" title="Rexión de Tōhoku">Tōhoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanto" title="Kanto">Kanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Ch%C5%ABbu" title="Rexión de Chūbu">Chubu</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Hokuriku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexión de Hokuriku (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hokuriku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Koshin%27etsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexión de Koshin'etsu (a páxina aínda non existe)">Koshin'etsu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Tokai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexión de Tokai (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tokai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Chunkyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexión de Chunkyo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Chunkyo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megal%C3%B3polede_Kansai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megalópolede Kansai (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kansai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Ch%C5%ABgoku" title="Rexión de Chūgoku">Chūgoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_concellos_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Lista de concellos do Xapón">Principais cidades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrios_de_Toquio" title="Barrios de Toquio">23 barrios de Toquio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiba" title="Chiba">Chiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa" title="Kawasaki, Kanagawa">Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitakyushu" title="Kitakyushu">Kitakyushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dbe" title="Kōbe">Kōbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niigata" title="Niigata">Niigata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoia" title="Nagoia">Nagoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okayama" title="Okayama">Okayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaca" title="Osaca">Osaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagamihara" title="Sagamihara">Sagamihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saitama" title="Saitama">Saitama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakai,_Osaka" title="Sakai, Osaka">Sakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka" title="Shizuoka">Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iocoama" title="Iocoama">Iocoama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q17">Q17</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/159367111">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159367111/">159367111</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90706615">90706615</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX450954">XX450954</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Francia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Francia">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384465">152384465</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclopedia_Rusa" title="Grande Enciclopedia Rusa">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4919294">4919294</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04877014">DA04877014</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Japan">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204082">1204082</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">GEC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0034339.xml">0034339</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/GeoNames" title="GeoNames">GeoNames</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geonames.org/1861060">1861060</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">GeoNLP: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://geolod.ex.nii.ac.jp/page/zSJCjv">zSJCjv</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bomb" title="Giant Bomb">GiantBomb</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giantbomb.com/wd/3035-37/">3035-37</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028495-5">4028495-5</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps?cid=17672817443235844676">17672817443235844676</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Proxecto_Gutenberg" title="Proxecto Gutenberg">Gutenberg</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/321">321</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dicionario_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_Su%C3%ADza" title="Dicionario Histórico de Suíza">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/003412">003412</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123649740">0000000123649740</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kulturnav.org/de944dd7-838e-46d0-a342-bc3edeff8a48">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78089021">n78089021</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2db42837-c832-3c27-b4a3-08198f75693c">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568158">00568158</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional da República Checa">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129425">ge129425</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Australia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35242950">35242950</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">OBP: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Japan">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">openMLOL: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medialibrary.it/media/ricercaopen.aspx?selcrea=36313">36313</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OSM</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/382313">382313</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/149361">149361</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02648918X">02648918X</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Getty_Thesaurus_of_Geographic_Names" title="Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names">TGN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000120">1000120</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giappone">giappone</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/WOEID" title="WOEID">WOEID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/places/info/23424856">23424856</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores_taxonómicos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores_taxonómicos" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonom%C3%ADa" title="Taxonomía">Identificadores taxonómicos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ISC: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/108467">108467</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007564">D007564</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_Medical_Language_System" title="Unified Medical Language System">UMLS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0005984">C0005984</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐jv4hl Cached time: 20241123091352 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 4.361 seconds Real time usage: 6.845 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 31903/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 822013/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 111190/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 36/100 Expensive parser function count: 37/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 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