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accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-症狀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#症狀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 症狀 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-症狀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-病因" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 病因 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-病因-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关病因子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-病因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-遺傳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遺傳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 遺傳 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-遺傳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-環境因素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#環境因素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 環境因素 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-環境因素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-構造問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#構造問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 構造問題 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-構造問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-診斷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#診斷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 診斷 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-診斷-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关診斷子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-診斷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-類型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#類型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 類型 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-類型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-度數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#度數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 度數 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-度數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-發病年齡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發病年齡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 發病年齡 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發病年齡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-預防" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#預防"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 預防 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-預防-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-遺傳基因" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遺傳基因"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 遺傳基因 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-遺傳基因-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 治療 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-治療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 相關 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">近視</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。83种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" > 83种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopie" title="Miopie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Miopie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1" title="قصر النظر – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قصر النظر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="নিকটদৃষ্টি – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নিকটদৃষ্টি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopiya_(yax%C4%B1ndang%C3%B6rm%C9%99)" title="Miopiya (yaxındangörmə) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Miopiya (yaxındangörmə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9/%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="یاخین-گؤرمک/مییوپی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاخین-گؤرمک/مییوپی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Блізарукасць – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блізарукасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Паніклівасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паніклівасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolong" title="Lolong – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Lolong" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Късогледство – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Късогледство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="নিকটদৃষ্টি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকটদৃষ্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کورتبینی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کورتبینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1tkozrakost" title="Krátkozrakost – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krátkozrakost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rsynethed" title="Nærsynethed – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nærsynethed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurzsichtigkeit" title="Kurzsichtigkeit – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kurzsichtigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopiye" title="Miyopiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Miyopiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%89%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μυωπία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μυωπία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopeco" title="Miopeco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miopeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BChin%C3%A4gevus" title="Lühinägevus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lühinägevus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نزدیک‌بینی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نزدیک‌بینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likin%C3%A4k%C3%B6isyys" title="Likinäköisyys – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Likinäköisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopie" title="Myopie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Myopie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B3ipe" title="Mióipe – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mióipe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%86" title="માયોપીઆ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="માયોપીઆ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusa_da_hangen_nesa" title="Kusa da hangen nesa – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kusa da hangen nesa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="קוצר ראייה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוצר ראייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="निकटदृष्टि दोष – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निकटदृष्टि दोष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6vidl%C3%A1t%C3%A1s" title="Rövidlátás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rövidlátás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կարճատեսություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարճատեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabun_jauh" title="Rabun jauh – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rabun jauh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rs%C3%BDni" title="Nærsýni – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nærsýni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Жақыннан көргіштік – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жақыннан көргіштік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%8B%9C" title="근시 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Алыстан начар көрүү – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алыстан начар көрүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumparegyst%C4%97" title="Trumparegystė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trumparegystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvredz%C4%ABba" title="Tuvredzība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tuvredzība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кратковидост – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кратковидост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹ്രസ്വദൃഷ്ടി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹ്രസ്വദൃഷ്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="ऱ्हस्वदृष्टी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्हस्वदृष्टी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF" title="अदूर दृष्टि – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अदूर दृष्टि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijziendheid" title="Bijziendheid – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bijziendheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rsynthet" title="Nærsynthet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nærsynthet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF" title="ସମୀପଦୃଷ୍ଟି – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସମୀପଦୃଷ୍ଟି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਨਿਕਟ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਦੋਸ਼ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਕਟ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਦੋਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3tkowzroczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Krótkowzroczność – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krótkowzroczność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopie" title="Miopie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miopie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Близорукость – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Близорукость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%85%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF)" title="Миопия (ырааҕы мөлтөхтүк көрүү) – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Миопия (ырааҕы мөлтөхтүк көрүү)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1tkozrakos%C5%A5" title="Krátkozrakosť – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krátkozrakosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4rsynthet" title="Närsynthet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Närsynthet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoni_mfupi" title="Uoni mfupi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uoni mfupi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="கிட்டப்பார்வை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிட்டப்பார்வை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF" title="హ్రస్వ దృష్టి – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హ్రస్వ దృష్టి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="สายตาสั้น – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สายตาสั้น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopi" title="Miyopi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Miyopi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Күрәкарау – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күрәкарау" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Короткозорість – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Короткозорість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="قریبی بصارت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قریبی بصارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopiya" title="Miopiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Miopiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_th%E1%BB%8B" title="Cận thị – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cận thị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopeye" title="Miyopeye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Miyopeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A7%86" title="近视 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="近视" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaenhyanx" title="Dagaenhyanx – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dagaenhyanx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ABn-s%C4%AB" title="Kīn-sī – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kīn-sī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lightgrey">近視 Near-sightedness</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">又称</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Myopia, short-sightedness, near-sighted</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:Myopia.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Myopia.gif/300px-Myopia.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Myopia.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="308" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">近視者中眼睛構造的改變</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">症状</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">看不清楚眼睛較遠的物體，但看近距離的物體則是清楚不<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blurred_vision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blurred vision（页面不存在）">模糊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/blurred_vision" class="extiw" title="en:blurred vision">blurred vision</a>）的。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%97%9B" title="頭痛">頭痛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B%E7%96%B2%E5%8B%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="眼睛疲勞">眼睛疲勞</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%B5%E7%99%BC%E7%97%87" title="併發症">併發症</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E8%84%B1%E8%90%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="视网膜脱落">视网膜脱落</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%86%85%E9%9A%9C" title="白内障">白内障</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%85%89%E7%9C%BC" title="青光眼">青光眼</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%85%89%E4%B8%8D%E6%AD%A3" title="屈光不正">眼屈光不正</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" title="視覺障礙">視力受損</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">病因</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">先天基因與後天環境因素導致</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%A0" title="风险因素">风险因素</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">近距離用眼工作（Near work）、長時間待在室內、家族病史</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD" title="诊断">診斷方法</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%9B%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="視力測試">視力測試</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;">治療</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="眼鏡">眼鏡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%BD%A2%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="隱形眼鏡">隱形眼鏡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E5%A1%91%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%93" title="角膜塑形術">角膜塑形術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学">外科学</a> (surgery)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%A3%E7%97%85%E7%8E%87" title="患病率">患病率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.5 billion people (22%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;;;">分类和外部资源</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%88%E7%A7%91" title="醫學專科">醫學專科</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="眼科學">眼科學</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">11</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">9D00.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="ICD-9编码列表">9-CM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">367.1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="人類孟德爾遺傳學">OMIM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/160700、255500、300613、310460、603221、608367、608474、608908、609256、609257、609258、609259、609994、609995、610320、612554、612717、613969、614166、614167、615420、615431、615946">160700、255500、300613、310460、603221、608367、608474、608908、609256、609257、609258、609259、609994、609995、610320、612554、612717、613969、614166、614167、615420、615431、615946</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="疾病資料庫">DiseasesDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb8729.htm">8729</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001023.htm">001023</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Orphanet" title="Orphanet">Orphanet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert=98619">98619</a></td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: right; font-size:0.9em;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168403" class="extiw" title="d:Q168403">编辑此条目的维基数据</a>]</td></tr></tbody></table> 近視（英語：Near-sightedness，myopia，short-sightedness<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a>）是指<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC" title="眼">眼睛</a>視覺成像未能聚焦於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2%E8%86%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="視網膜">視網膜</a>上，而是聚焦於視網膜之前的情形。患者在目視遠物會模糊，而視近物相對清楚。其他症狀包含<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%97%9B" title="頭痛">頭痛</a>跟<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B%E7%96%B2%E5%8B%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="眼睛疲勞">眼睛疲勞</a><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-2">[2]</a>，嚴重的近視會增加<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2%E8%86%9C%E5%89%9D%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="視網膜剝離">視網膜剝離</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%85%A7%E9%9A%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="白內障">白內障</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%85%89%E7%9C%BC" title="青光眼">青光眼</a>的風險。<a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-3">[3]</a> 目前相信潛在肇因來自遺傳與環境因素，風險因子為做事時需聚焦於近物、長時間待在室內及家族病史等<a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pan2012-4">[4]</a>，近視也和高<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%B6%93%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="社經地位">社經地位</a>相關<a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-3">[3]</a>，其他因素包括營養不良等<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>。潛在的構造問題是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="眼球">眼球</a>直徑過長，或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="水晶體">水晶體</a>太缺乏彈性，但後者較少見<a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>。近視是一種<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E5%B1%88%E5%85%89%E4%B8%8D%E6%AD%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="眼屈光不正">眼屈光不正</a>，確診方式是做<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%9B%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="視力測試">視力測試</a>。<a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-2">[2]</a> 目前已有實驗性的例證指出，盡量讓兒童待在戶外可預防兒童近視<a href="#cite_note-Ram2015-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>，這可能是因為他們接觸到的自然光對近視的預防作用<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>。近視可經由佩戴<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="眼鏡">眼鏡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%BD%A2%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="隱形眼鏡">隱形眼鏡</a>或接受<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="手術">手術</a>來矯正。佩戴眼鏡是最簡單也最安全的；隱形眼鏡則可以提供較寬闊的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E9%87%8E" title="視野">視野</a>，但也伴隨著感染的風險；而接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%85%89%E6%89%8B%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="屈光手術">屈光手術</a>可以永久改變眼角膜的形狀。<a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-2">[2]</a> 近視是最常見的眼睛問題，據估計約有 15 億人患有近視（約佔全球人口 22%）<a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> ，不同地區的近視人口比例差距甚大<a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-3">[3]</a>，約佔成人的 15~49%<a href="#cite_note-Pan2012-4">[4]</a>，男女比例倒是相去無幾<a href="#cite_note-Pan2015-11">[11]</a>。近視的兒童在尼泊爾鄉間僅佔 1.2%，在南非佔 4%，在美國佔 12%，但卻在中國部分大城市卻高達 37%<a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pan2012-4">[4]</a>。自 1950 年代起，近視人口比例持續增加。近視卻未經矯正是視力喪失的常見原因，放諸四海皆準，其他原因包含白內障、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%96%91%E9%83%A8%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="黃斑部退化">黃斑部退化</a>以及缺乏<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0A" title="維生素A">維他命 A</a><a href="#cite_note-Pan2015-11">[11]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="症狀">症狀</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：症狀">编辑</a>]</div> 近視患者可以在特定距離（視力的遠點）內看得清楚，但在這個範圍外的物體則是模糊的。通過定期檢查，大部分近視患者的眼睛結構與非近視患者並無不同。好發於學齡兒童，並在8至15歲惡化。<a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318200209-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="病因">病因</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：病因">编辑</a>]</div> 一般相信近視的成因是先天基因與後天環境因素總和導致<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>。風險因子包含：長時間近距離用眼的工作，長時間待在室內，都市化，和家族病史；也跟高社經地位和高教育水準有關。<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>一個雙胞胎的研究指出至少涉及一些遺傳因素<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>。而近視患者在已開發國家中迅速增加，證明也涉及環境因素<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="遺傳">遺傳</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：遺傳">编辑</a>]</div> 近視的風險可能会从父母遗传<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>。基因連鎖的研究在15個跟近視有關的染色體中定位出18個可能的基因座，但這18個基因座中沒有一個跟屬於造成近視的候選基因。相較於由單一基因座來控制近視的發作，許多突變蛋白質複雜的交互作用才可能是原因。相較於結構蛋白質的單一異常造成近視，這些結構蛋白質的控制異常才可能是造成近視的實際原因<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>。各國近視協作研在歐裔個體中識別出16個新的造成屈光錯誤的基因座，其中8個跟亞裔相同。這些新的基因座包含具神經傳導，離子傳輸，維甲酸代謝，細胞外基質重塑，和眼睛發展等功能的候選基因。高風險基因的帶原者罹患近視的風險增加十倍<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="環境因素">環境因素</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：環境因素">编辑</a>]</div> 增加近視風險的環境因素包括：光照不足，活動量低，長時間近距離用眼（如：讀書、寫字、使用手機、平板與電腦），和受教育年份的增加<a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318200209-12">[12]</a>。 其中一個假說是缺少正常視覺刺激會造成眼球的不當發展。在這個假說中的「正常」是指眼球在演化過程中的環境刺激，現代人大部分時間待在螢光燈照亮的建築室內，可能提高近視發生的風險<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>。花更多時間運動和在戶外玩樂的人，特別是兒童，有較低的比例近視，指出在進行這些活動中受到的更強、更複雜的視覺刺激能延緩近視。有些初步的證據顯示，戶外活動對於近視加深的預防效果可能(至少部分)來自於長時間日照會影響視網膜多巴胺的製造和釋放。<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> 近距離用眼工作的假說，也稱為「用眼過度理論」宣稱：長時間近距離用眼會使眼內及眼外的肌肉緊張。有些研究支持這項假說，有些則不然。雖然存在關聯性，但不是明顯的因果關係。<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> 近視在患有糖尿病、兒童關節炎、葡萄膜炎和系統性紅斑狼瘡的兒童中也更常見。<a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318200209-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="構造問題">構造問題</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：構造問題">编辑</a>]</div> 因為近視是由於屈光錯誤造成，近視的物理成因可與任何失焦的光學系統相比。Borish 和 Duke-Elder 將近視分成這些物理原因： <ul><li>軸性近視歸因於眼睛的軸長過長<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a></li> <li>屈光性近視歸因於眼睛折射物質的狀態。屈光性近視有兩個子分類： <ul><li>“曲率近視”歸因於眼球的一個或多個折射表面，特別是角膜，曲率過大或是增加</li> <li>“屈光率近視”歸因於一個或多個眼球介質的折射率的變化<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a></li></ul></li></ul> 任何出現失焦像差的光學系統，失焦的現象會透過改變光圈大小而增強或減弱。就眼睛而言，放大的瞳孔會加強屈光錯誤，而縮小的瞳孔會減弱此屈光錯誤。這現象會造成個體在低照明區域更難看清楚，就算在日照等明亮環境下沒有症狀。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="診斷">診斷</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：診斷">编辑</a>]</div> 近視的診斷通常由驗光師或眼科醫師來進行。在屈光檢查中，會使用自動驗光儀或網膜鏡得到各眼屈光狀態的初步客觀評估，接者使用綜合驗光儀主觀地使患者的眼鏡度數處方更完善。其他類型的屈光錯誤是遠視、散光和老花。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="類型">類型</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：類型">编辑</a>]</div> 用臨床表現來描述不同類型的近視： <ul><li>單純近視：除了近視以外一切正常眼睛的近視，通常少於400至600度<a href="#cite_note-未命名_2-20230318200209-24">[24]</a>。這是最常見的近視型態。</li> <li>退化性近視（Degenerative Myopia）：又稱惡性近視(Malignant Myopia) 或病理性近視(Pathologic Myopia)，特徵是眼底明顯變化，例如後葡萄腫（posterior <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staphyloma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staphyloma（页面不存在）">staphyloma</a>），而且與矯正後的高屈光誤差和超常視覺敏銳度有關<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>。這種類型的近視會隨著時間惡化。據報導，退化性近視是視障的主要原因之一。</li> <li>假性近視（Pseudomyopia）：眼睛調節系統痙攣所造成的遠視模糊<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>。</li> <li>夜間近視（Nocturnal myopia）：沒有足夠的刺激使得眼睛調節系統僅部分作用，造成遠處物體沒有正確對焦。<a href="#cite_note-未命名_2-20230318200209-24">[24]</a></li> <li>暫時性近視（Nearwork-induced transient myopia，NITM）：在持續的近眼工作後使遠視點偏移而造成的短期近視。<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li>儀器近視（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrument_myopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrument myopia（页面不存在）">Instrument myopia</a>）：觀看儀器設備（例如：顯微鏡）時的過度調節。<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li>誘導近視（Induced myopia)：又稱繼發性近視(acquired myopia)是由各種藥物、血糖提升、核硬化症、氧氣中毒（潛水，或氧氣高壓療程）或其他異常所造成。<a href="#cite_note-未命名_2-20230318200209-24">[24]</a>磺胺類藥物會造成睫狀肌水腫，造成水晶體前移，讓眼睛失焦。<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>血糖提升會讓山梨醇在水晶體中累積造成腫脹，這種腫脹經常造成暫時性近視。修復視網膜剝離所使用的鞏膜扣環（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Scleral_buckle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scleral buckle（页面不存在）">Scleral buckles</a>）也可能因為增加眼軸長度而造成近視。<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li>屈光率近近視（Index myopia）歸因於一個或多個眼球介質的折射率的變化<a href="#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a>。白內障可能會導致屈光率近視。<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li>形體剝奪近視（Form deprivation myopia）：發生於視力因為有限的光照視力範圍而被剝奪，或是眼睛被人工水晶體修改。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="度數">度數</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：度數">编辑</a>]</div> 近视度数定义：睫状肌麻痹后，等效球镜<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%85%89%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="屈光力">屈光力</a> ≤ -0.5D<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>。 <ul><li>近視0至50度（−0.00 ~ −0.50D）一般被歸類為正視眼。</li> <li>低度近視一般指50至300度（−0.50 ~ −3.00D）的近視。</li> <li>中度近視一般指300至600度的近視（−3.00 ~ −6.00D）。中度近視患者更有可能罹患色素擴散症候群（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pigment_dispersion_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pigment dispersion syndrome（页面不存在）">pigment dispersion syndrome</a>）或色素性青光眼<a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaucoma">（pigmentary glaucoma</a>）。<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li>高度近視一般指600度（−6.00D）或以上的近視。高度近視患者更有可能發生<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E8%84%B1%E7%A6%BB" title="视网膜脱离">視網膜剝離</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>或隅角開放性青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>，也更有可能得到<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%9A%8A%E7%97%87" title="飛蚊症">飛蚊症</a>或是在視野中出現陰影形狀<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>。除此之外，高度近視也與<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%96%91%E8%AE%8A%E6%80%A7" title="黃斑變性">黃斑部病變</a>(macular degeneration）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%86%85%E9%9A%9C" title="白内障">白內障</a>和重大視障有關。<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="發病年齡">發病年齡</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：發病年齡">编辑</a>]</div> 近視有時也以發病年齡來分類<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <ul><li>先天性近視(Congenital myopia)，又稱幼年型近視(infantile myopia)出生時就存在並持續整個嬰兒時期</li> <li>青年型近視(youth onset myopia)在幼兒期或是青少時期發生，度數可能會持續變化直到21歲，因此全球的眼科專家一般都不建議任何形式的手術矯正。</li> <li>成年型近視(Adult onset myopia)發作在20歲之後。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="預防">預防</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：預防">编辑</a>]</div> 目前最有效的藥物預防甚至治療方式是使用長效“散瞳劑”（長效睫狀肌麻痺劑的俗誤稱，主要是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%98%BF%E6%89%98%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="硫酸阿托品">硫酸阿托品</a>，其亦有散瞳作用），在北美洲有75%使用，在澳洲有80%使用。待在戶外，暴露在強光下<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>，有研究表明，青少年户外活動的時間與近視加深速度成反比<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>。 閱讀手機畫面使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E8%B7%9D%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%99%A8" title="遠距成像放大器">遠距成像放大器</a>（Project Air）<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>。長時間近距離看手機也是目前誘發近視的主要原因之一，以遠距成像放大器做視覺輔具，可以將原本 15~50cm 的用眼距離,延長到 100~250cm；距離遠了，眼睛的負擔就減輕，藉此達到預防近視度數增加的效果。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="遺傳基因">遺傳基因</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：遺傳基因">编辑</a>]</div> 至今，人们已经定位了一些可能诱发近视眼的基因位点，收入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="人類孟德爾遺傳學">人類孟德爾遺傳學</a>中，下表列出了这些基因<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>： <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>基因名称 </th> <th>位置 </th> <th>发现者 </th> <th>近视眼种类 </th> <th>遗传方式 </th> <th>MIM编号 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP1 </td> <td align="center">Xq28 </td> <td align="center">Schwartz，1990 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">X连锁隐性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/310460">310460</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP2 </td> <td align="center">18p11.31 </td> <td align="center">Young，1998 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">常染色体显性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/160700">160700</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP3 </td> <td align="center">12q21-q23 </td> <td align="center">Young，1998 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">常染色体显性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/603221">603221</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101023043808/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/603221">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP4 </td> <td align="center">7q36 </td> <td align="center">Naiglin，2002 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">常染色体显性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/608367">608367</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101024100441/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/608367">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP5 </td> <td align="center">17q21-q22 </td> <td align="center">Paluru，2003 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">常染色体显性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/608474">608474</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP6 </td> <td align="center">22q12 </td> <td align="center">Stambolian，2004 </td> <td align="center">近视 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/608908">608908</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP7 </td> <td align="center">11q13 </td> <td align="center">Hammond，2004 </td> <td align="center">近视 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/609256">609256</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP8 </td> <td align="center">3q26 </td> <td align="center">Hammond，2004 </td> <td align="center">近视 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/609257">609257</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP9 </td> <td align="center">4q12 </td> <td align="center">Hammond，2004 </td> <td align="center">近视 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/609258">609258</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP10 </td> <td align="center">8p23 </td> <td align="center">Hammond，2004 </td> <td align="center">近视 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/609259">609259</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP11 </td> <td align="center">4q22-q27 </td> <td align="center">张清烔，2005 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">常染色体显性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/609994">609994</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP12 </td> <td align="center">2q37.1 </td> <td align="center">Paluru，2005 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">常染色体显性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/609995">609995</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP13 </td> <td align="center">Xq23-q25 </td> <td align="center">张清烔，2006 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">X连锁隐性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/300613">300613</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP14 </td> <td align="center">1q36 </td> <td align="center">Wojciechowbski，2006 </td> <td align="center">近视 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/610320">610320</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP15 </td> <td align="center">10q21.1 </td> <td align="center">Nallasamy，2007 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">常染色体显性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/612717">612717</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">MYP16 </td> <td align="center">5p15.33-p15.2 </td> <td align="center">Lam，2008 </td> <td align="center">高度近视 </td> <td align="center">常染色体显性遗传 </td> <td align="center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/612554">612554</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="治療">治療</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：治療">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myopia-2-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Myopia-2-3.svg/220px-Myopia-2-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Myopia-2-3.svg/330px-Myopia-2-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Myopia-2-3.svg/440px-Myopia-2-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>凹透镜对近视的远视力的矫正。</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>近视眼镜。近视之后，眼睛将无法看清楚远处，所以需要佩戴近视眼镜才能看清楚远处。</li> <li>使用阅读镜（远视眼镜）。和近视眼镜相反，远视眼镜可以减轻看近处的负担，从而预防近视。这种预防近视的方法被称为近<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BE%E8%A7%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雾视法（页面不存在）">雾视法</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Leung-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>雾视镜应按验光时的雾视值选配。</li> <li>使用OK（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E5%A1%91%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%93" title="角膜塑形術">orthokeratology</a>）镜（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E5%A1%91%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%93" title="角膜塑形術">角膜塑形</a>镜）。OK镜类似于一般的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%90%E5%BD%A2%E7%9C%BC%E9%95%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="隐形眼镜">隐形眼镜</a>，但是不是用来看清远处的。它可以在长期使用中（夜晚）改变<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C" title="角膜">角膜</a>的形状，从而在一定程度上逆转真性近视或防止近视加深<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>。但是，也需要注意用眼卫生，否则可能导致严重的眼部感染<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>。</li> <li>使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%89%98%E5%93%81" title="阿托品">阿托品</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E8%8D%AF%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="眼药水">眼药水</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>。阿托品（或其类似的药物，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%8C%E4%BB%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哌仑西平（页面不存在）">哌仑西平</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%90%A1%E5%8D%A1%E8%83%BA" title="托吡卡胺">托吡卡胺</a>等M受体拮抗剂）可以麻痹睫状肌，放松其痉挛，从而预防近视。多项研究表明，阿托品眼药水对减缓近视的加深是有效的<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>。但是这类<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="药物">药物</a>也是有<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="副作用">副作用</a>的，包括暂时无法看清近处、对强光极为敏感等。</li> <li>激光手术是目前能够快速逆转近视的方法，对部分成年人适用。但它通常并不能使人恢复正常人的视力，且其副作用可能也显著，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E7%9C%BC%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="干眼症">干眼症</a>、炫光、夜视力下降等，甚至可能在若干年后视力严重下降。激光手术在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C" title="角膜">角膜</a>上留下的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B7%E5%8F%A3" title="傷口">伤口</a>永远都不会真正<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%88%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愈合（页面不存在）">愈合</a>，可能受到创伤而错位。其原理是通过激光在角膜上塑形，改变其折射率，从而提高远视力。事实上，美国<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="美国食品药品监督管理局">FDA</a>通过LASIK技术认证的前任主管Morris Waxler最近发现，LASIK厂商及其合伙人（包括眼科医生）在申请FDA认证时隐瞒与伪造了大量关于LASIK的安全性与有效性的数据<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>。而眼科医师则认为，利用新技术进行手术的安全性更高，尽管Waxler的资料认为新技术的副作用是同样的。因此，激光手术的长期安全性仍然备受争议。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關">相關</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：相關">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="動物的近視（页面不存在）">動物的近視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia_in_animals" class="extiw" title="en:Myopia in animals">Myopia in animals</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eyecarehk.org/myopia/">近視</a>. 睛明護眼. 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Nature genetics. 2013-3, 45 (3) [2022-10-22]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1061-4036">ISSN 1061-4036</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740568">PMC 3740568</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23396134">PMID 23396134</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.2554">doi:10.1038/ng.2554</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023085218/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740568/">存档</a>于2022-10-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+meta-analyses+of+multi-ethnic+cohorts+identify+multiple+new+susceptibility+loci+for+refractive+error+and+myopia&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Ching-Yu&rft.au=Fan%2C+Qiao&rft.au=Guggenheim%2C+Jeremy+A.&rft.au=H%C3%B6hn%2C+Ren%C3%A9&rft.au=Hewitt%2C+Alex+W.&rft.au=Hysi%2C+Pirro+G.&rft.au=MacGregor%2C+Stuart&rft.au=Nag%2C+Abhishek&rft.au=Wojciechowski%2C+Robert&rft.au=Yonova-Doing%2C+Ekaterina&rft.aufirst=Virginie+J.M.&rft.aulast=Verhoeven&rft.chron=2013-3&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1061-4036&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Nature+genetics&rft.volume=45&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3740568&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3740568%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fng.2554&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23396134&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation book">auteur., Lieberman, Daniel, 1964-. 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Ophthalmology. 2013-05-01, 120 (5). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0161-6420">ISSN 0161-6420</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23380471">PMID 23380471</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ophtha.2012.10.022">doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.10.022</a> （English）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Day+Length+on+Eye+Growth%2C+Myopia+Progression%2C+and+Change+of+Corneal+Power+in+Myopic+Children&rft.au=Ribel-Madsen%2C+S%C3%B8ren+Munk&rft.au=Trier%2C+Klaus&rft.aufirst=Dongmei&rft.aulast=Cui&rft.date=2013-05-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0161-6420&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmology&rft.volume=120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaojournal.org%2Farticle%2FS0161-6420%2812%2901040-8%2Fabstract&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ophtha.2012.10.022&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23380471&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AA%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pan, Chen-Wei; Ramamurthy, Dharani; Saw, Seang-Mei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x">Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia: Prevalence and risk factors for myopia</a>. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2012-01, 32 (1) [2022-10-22]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2011.00884.x">doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221103233908/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x">存档</a>于2022-11-03） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Worldwide+prevalence+and+risk+factors+for+myopia%3A+Prevalence+and+risk+factors+for+myopia&rft.au=Ramamurthy%2C+Dharani&rft.au=Saw%2C+Seang-Mei&rft.aufirst=Chen-Wei&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.date=2012-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmic+and+Physiological+Optics&rft.volume=32&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2011.00884.x&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2011.00884.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-0">23.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-1">23.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_23-2">23.2</a> <cite class="citation book">Cline, David; Hofstetter, Henry W.; Griffin, John R. Dictionary of visual science. 4th ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35317418">https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35317418</a>. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7506-9895-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-7506-9895-0">ISBN 0-7506-9895-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/35317418">OCLC 35317418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+visual+science&rft.au=Griffin%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Hofstetter%2C+Henry+W.&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=4th+ed&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-7506-9895-0&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F35317418&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35317418&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#citation_missing_title" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-未命名_2-20230318200209-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318200209_24-0">24.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318200209_24-1">24.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名_2-20230318200209_24-2">24.2</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150122062311/http://www.aoa.org/documents/optometrists/CPG-15.pdf">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF). web.archive.org. 2015-01-22 [2022-10-23]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoa.org/documents/optometrists/CPG-15.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2015-01-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Wayback+Machine&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.archive.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoa.org%2Fdocuments%2Foptometrists%2FCPG-15.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Cline, David; Hofstetter, Henry W.; Griffin, John R. Dictionary of visual science. 4th ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35317418">https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35317418</a>. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7506-9895-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-7506-9895-0">ISBN 0-7506-9895-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/35317418">OCLC 35317418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+visual+science&rft.au=Griffin%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Hofstetter%2C+Henry+W.&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=4th+ed&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-7506-9895-0&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F35317418&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35317418&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#citation_missing_title" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Rubin, Melvin L. Dictionary of eye terminology. 4th ed. Gainesville, Fla.: Triad Pub. Co <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46929907">https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/46929907</a>. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-937404-63-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-937404-63-2">ISBN 0-937404-63-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/46929907">OCLC 46929907</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+eye+terminology&rft.aufirst=Melvin+L.&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.date=2001&rft.edition=4th+ed&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-937404-63-2&rft.place=Gainesville%2C+Fla.&rft.pub=Triad+Pub.+Co&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F46929907&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46929907&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#citation_missing_title" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Ong, Editha; Ciuffreda, Kenneth J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01204624">Nearwork-induced transient myopia</a>. Documenta Ophthalmologica. 1995-02-01, 91 (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-2622">ISSN 1573-2622</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01204624">doi:10.1007/BF01204624</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Nearwork-induced+transient+myopia&rft.au=Ciuffreda%2C+Kenneth+J.&rft.aufirst=Editha&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.date=1995-02-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1573-2622&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Documenta+Ophthalmologica&rft.volume=91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2FBF01204624&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01204624&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Richards, Oscar W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Abstract/1976/10000/Instrument_Myopia_Microscopy_.3.aspx">Instrument Myopia—Microscopy*</a>. Optometry and Vision Science. 1976-10, 53 (10) [2022-10-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1538-9235">ISSN 1538-9235</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025000740/https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/abstract/1976/10000/instrument_myopia_microscopy_.3.aspx">存档</a>于2022-10-25） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96&rft.atitle=Instrument+Myopia%E2%80%94Microscopy%2A&rft.aufirst=Oscar+W.&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.date=1976-10&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1538-9235&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=Optometry+and+Vision+Science&rft.volume=53&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Foptvissci%2FAbstract%2F1976%2F10000%2FInstrument_Myopia_Microscopy_.3.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Panday, Vasudha A.; Rhee, Douglas J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18201514/">Review of sulfonamide-induced acute myopia and acute bilateral angle-closure glaucoma</a>. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ICD-10-H1" title="Template:ICD-10-H1"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ICD-10-H1" title="Template talk:ICD-10-H1"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:ICD-10-H1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:ICD-10-H1"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类第十版_眼和附器疾病_(H00-H59)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类第十版</a> 眼和附器疾病 (<a href="/wiki/ICD-10_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E7%9C%BC%E5%92%8C%E9%99%84%E5%99%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="ICD-10 第七章：眼和附器疾病">H00-H59</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%99%A8" title="附器">附器</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%91" title="眼睑">眼睑</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87" title="炎症">炎症</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E7%B2%92%E8%82%BF" title="麦粒肿">睑腺炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B0%E7%B2%92%E8%85%AB" title="霰粒腫">睑板腺囊肿</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%91%E7%BC%98%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睑缘炎（页面不存在）">睑缘炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blepharitis" class="extiw" title="en:Blepharitis">Blepharitis</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%91%E5%86%85%E7%BF%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睑内翻（页面不存在）">睑内翻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropion" class="extiw" title="en:Entropion">Entropion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%91%E5%A4%96%E7%BF%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睑外翻（页面不存在）">睑外翻</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectropion" class="extiw" title="en:Ectropion">Ectropion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%94%E7%9C%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兔眼（页面不存在）">兔眼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagophthalmos" class="extiw" title="en:Lagophthalmos">Lagophthalmos</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%91%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%BE%E5%9E%82%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睑皮松垂症（页面不存在）">睑皮松垂症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blepharochalasis" class="extiw" title="en:Blepharochalasis">Blepharochalasis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%91%E4%B8%8B%E5%9E%82" title="眼睑下垂">上睑下垂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E6%80%A7%E7%9E%BC%E5%8F%A3%E7%8B%B9%E5%B0%8F%E7%97%87" title="先天性家族性瞼口狹小症">睑裂狭小</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E6%96%91%E7%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄斑瘤（页面不存在）">黄斑瘤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthelasma" class="extiw" title="en:Xanthelasma">Xanthelasma</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%91%E7%BC%98%E7%B2%98%E8%BF%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睑缘粘连（页面不存在）">睑缘粘连</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankyloblepharon" class="extiw" title="en:Ankyloblepharon">Ankyloblepharon</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%AB%E6%AF%9B" title="睫毛">眼睫毛</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%AB%E6%AF%9B%E5%80%92%E5%88%BA" title="睫毛倒刺">倒睫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%AB%E6%AF%9B%E8%84%B1%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睫毛脱落（页面不存在）">睫毛脱落</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madarosis" class="extiw" title="en:Madarosis">Madarosis</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%AA%E5%99%A8" title="泪器">泪器</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%AA%E8%85%BA%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泪腺炎（页面不存在）">泪腺炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacryoadenitis" class="extiw" title="en:Dacryoadenitis">Dacryoadenitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%AA%E6%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泪漏（页面不存在）">泪漏</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphora" class="extiw" title="en:Epiphora">Epiphora</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%AA%E5%9B%8A%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泪囊炎（页面不存在）">泪囊炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacryocystitis" class="extiw" title="en:Dacryocystitis">Dacryocystitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83%E5%B9%B2%E7%87%A5%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼球干燥症（页面不存在）">眼球干燥症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerophthalmia" class="extiw" title="en:Xerophthalmia">Xerophthalmia</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9C%B6" title="眼眶">眼眶</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83%E7%AA%81%E5%87%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼球突出（页面不存在）">眼球突出</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophthalmos" class="extiw" title="en:Exophthalmos">Exophthalmos</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83%E5%86%85%E9%99%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼球内陷（页面不存在）">眼球内陷</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enophthalmos" class="extiw" title="en:Enophthalmos">Enophthalmos</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%AA%A9%E8%9C%82%E7%AA%A9%E6%80%A7%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼窩蜂窩性組織炎（页面不存在）">眼窩蜂窩性組織炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_cellulitis" class="extiw" title="en:Orbital cellulitis">Orbital cellulitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%9C%B6%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%98%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼眶淋巴瘤（页面不存在）">眼眶淋巴瘤</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_lymphoma" class="extiw" title="en:Orbital lymphoma">Orbital lymphoma</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%9C%B6%E5%91%A8%E5%9C%8D%E8%9C%82%E7%AA%A9%E6%80%A7%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼眶周圍蜂窩性組織炎（页面不存在）">眼眶周圍蜂窩性組織炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periorbital_cellulitis" class="extiw" title="en:Periorbital cellulitis">Periorbital cellulitis</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E8%86%9C" title="结膜">结膜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="结膜炎">结膜炎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E5%BA%94%E6%80%A7%E7%BB%93%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="变应性结膜炎">过敏性</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E7%8A%B6%E8%83%AC%E8%82%89" title="翼状胬肉">翼状胬肉</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E6%80%A7%E7%BF%BC%E7%8B%80%E8%83%AC%E8%82%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假性翼狀胬肉（页面不存在）">假性翼狀胬肉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudopterygium" class="extiw" title="en:Pseudopterygium">Pseudopterygium</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%86%9C%E9%BB%84%E6%96%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结膜黄斑（页面不存在）">结膜黄斑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinguecula" class="extiw" title="en:Pinguecula">Pinguecula</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8B%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结膜下出血（页面不存在）">结膜下出血</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconjunctival_bleeding" class="extiw" title="en:Subconjunctival bleeding">Subconjunctival bleeding</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="眼球">眼球</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E8%86%9C" title="眼球纤维膜">眼纤维膜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A9%E8%86%9C" title="巩膜">巩膜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A9%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巩膜炎（页面不存在）">巩膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleritis" class="extiw" title="en:Scleritis">Scleritis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E5%B1%A4%E9%9E%8F%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="表層鞏膜炎（页面不存在）">表層鞏膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcleritis" class="extiw" title="en:Episcleritis">Episcleritis</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C" title="角膜">角膜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="角膜炎">角膜炎</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%96%B1%E7%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角膜疱疹（页面不存在）">角膜疱疹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_keratitis" class="extiw" title="en:Herpes simplex keratitis">Herpes simplex keratitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%98%E5%8F%98%E5%BD%A2%E8%99%AB%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="棘变形虫角膜炎（页面不存在）">棘变形虫角膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthamoeba_keratitis" class="extiw" title="en:Acanthamoeba keratitis">Acanthamoeba keratitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真菌性角膜炎（页面不存在）">真菌性角膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_keratitis" class="extiw" title="en:Fungal keratitis">Fungal keratitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%B4%E9%9C%B2%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暴露性角膜炎（页面不存在）">暴露性角膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_keratopathy" class="extiw" title="en:Exposure keratopathy">Exposure keratopathy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E7%9B%B2%E7%97%87" title="雪盲症">雪盲症</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角膜溃疡（页面不存在）">角膜溃疡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_ulcer" class="extiw" title="en:Corneal ulcer">Corneal ulcer</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E5%82%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%B0%8F%E8%A1%A8%E5%B1%A4%E9%BB%9E%E7%8B%80%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希傑森氏表層點狀角膜炎（页面不存在）">希傑森氏表層點狀角膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thygeson%27s_superficial_punctate_keratopathy" class="extiw" title="en:Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy">Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角膜营养不良（页面不存在）">角膜营养不良</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_dystrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Corneal dystrophy">Corneal dystrophy</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%8F%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E5%86%85%E7%9A%AE%E5%A4%B1%E7%99%A2%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福斯氏角膜内皮失癢症（页面不存在）">角膜内皮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchs%27_dystrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Fuchs' dystrophy">Fuchs' dystrophy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%AE%E5%A4%B1%E7%99%A2%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米斯曼角膜上皮失癢症（页面不存在）">角膜上皮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meesmann_corneal_dystrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Meesmann corneal dystrophy">Meesmann corneal dystrophy</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角膜擴張疾病（页面不存在）">角膜擴張疾病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_ectatic_disorders" class="extiw" title="en:Corneal ectatic disorders">Corneal ectatic disorders</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E9%8C%90%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C" title="圓錐角膜">圓錐角膜</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E9%82%8A%E7%B7%A3%E8%AE%8A%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="透明角膜邊緣變性（页面不存在）">透明角膜邊緣變性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellucid_marginal_degeneration" class="extiw" title="en:Pellucid marginal degeneration">Pellucid marginal degeneration</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%83%E5%BD%A2%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="球形角膜（页面不存在）">球形角膜</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratoglobus" class="extiw" title="en:Keratoglobus">Keratoglobus</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E8%8A%AE%E5%AE%89%E6%B0%8F%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E9%82%8A%E7%B7%A3%E8%AE%8A%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特芮安氏角膜邊緣變性（页面不存在）">特芮安氏角膜邊緣變性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrien%27s_marginal_degeneration" class="extiw" title="en:Terrien's marginal degeneration">Terrien's marginal degeneration</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LASIK%E8%A1%93%E5%BE%8C%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LASIK術後角膜擴張（页面不存在）">LASIK術後角膜擴張</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-LASIK_ectasia" class="extiw" title="en:Post-LASIK ectasia">Post-LASIK ectasia</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%BB%93%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角膜结膜炎（页面不存在）">角膜结膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratoconjunctivitis" class="extiw" title="en:Keratoconjunctivitis">Keratoconjunctivitis</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E7%9C%BC%E7%97%87" title="乾眼症">干燥性角结膜炎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E6%B7%B7%E6%B5%8A" title="角膜混浊">角膜混浊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%85%89%E6%80%A7%E7%9C%BC%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电光性眼炎（页面不存在）">电光性眼炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角膜新生血管（页面不存在）">角膜新生血管</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_neovascularization" class="extiw" title="en:Corneal neovascularization">Corneal neovascularization</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF-%E5%BC%97%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%8F%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯-弗二氏环（页面不存在）">凯-弗二氏环</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayser%E2%80%93Fleischer_ring" class="extiw" title="en:Kayser–Fleischer ring">Kayser–Fleischer ring</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%B0%8F%E7%BA%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈布氏纹（页面不存在）">哈布氏纹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haab%27s_striae" class="extiw" title="en:Haab's striae">Haab's striae</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E7%8E%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="角膜老年环（页面不存在）">角膜老年环</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_senilis" class="extiw" title="en:Arcus senilis">Arcus senilis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%A6%E7%8A%B6%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="带状角膜病变（页面不存在）">带状角膜病变</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_keratopathy" class="extiw" title="en:Band keratopathy">Band keratopathy</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%86%9C" title="葡萄膜">眼色素层</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%B9%E8%86%9C" title="虹膜">虹膜</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%AB%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="睫状体">睫状体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%B9%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="虹膜炎">虹膜炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%B9%E5%BD%A9%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="虹彩炎">葡萄膜炎</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中间葡萄膜炎（页面不存在）">中间葡萄膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_uveitis" class="extiw" title="en:Intermediate uveitis">Intermediate uveitis</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%88%BF%E7%A9%8D%E8%A1%80" title="前房積血">眼前房积血</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%8F%E7%95%B0%E8%89%B2%E8%99%B9%E8%86%9C%E7%9D%AB%E7%8B%80%E9%AB%94%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福斯氏異色虹膜睫狀體炎（页面不存在）">虹膜睫状体炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchs_heterochromic_iridocyclitis" class="extiw" title="en:Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis">Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%B9%E8%86%9C%E7%BA%A2%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虹膜红变（页面不存在）">虹膜红变</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubeosis_iridis" class="extiw" title="en:Rubeosis iridis">Rubeosis iridis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%AD%98%E6%80%A7%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永存性瞳孔膜（页面不存在）">永存性瞳孔膜</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_pupillary_membrane" class="extiw" title="en:Persistent pupillary membrane">Persistent pupillary membrane</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%B9%E8%86%9C%E6%A0%B9%E9%83%A8%E6%96%AD%E7%A6%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虹膜根部断离（页面不存在）">虹膜根部断离</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridodialysis" class="extiw" title="en:Iridodialysis">Iridodialysis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%B9%E8%86%9C%E7%B2%98%E8%BF%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虹膜粘连（页面不存在）">虹膜粘连</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synechia_(eye)" class="extiw" title="en:Synechia (eye)">Synechia (eye)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%B9%E8%86%9C%E7%95%B0%E8%89%B2%E7%97%87" title="虹膜異色症">虹膜異色</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E7%BB%9C%E8%86%9C" title="脉络膜">脉络膜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E8%84%89%E7%BB%9C%E8%86%9C%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无脉络膜症（页面不存在）">无脉络膜症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroideremia" class="extiw" title="en:Choroideremia">Choroideremia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%89%E7%BB%9C%E8%86%9C%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脉络膜视网膜炎（页面不存在）">脉络膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorioretinitis" class="extiw" title="en:Chorioretinitis">Chorioretinitis</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%89%E7%BB%9C%E8%86%9C%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脉络膜视网膜炎（页面不存在）">脉络膜视网膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorioretinitis" class="extiw" title="en:Chorioretinitis">Chorioretinitis</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶状体">晶状体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%86%85%E9%9A%9C" title="白内障">白内障</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E7%99%BD%E5%85%A7%E9%9A%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="先天性白內障（页面不存在）">先天性白內障</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_cataract" class="extiw" title="en:Congenital cataract">Congenital cataract</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%84%BF%E7%99%BD%E5%86%85%E9%9A%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小儿白内障（页面不存在）">小儿白内障</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_cataract" class="extiw" title="en:Childhood cataract">Childhood cataract</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无晶状体（页面不存在）">无晶状体</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphakia" class="extiw" title="en:Aphakia">Aphakia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%BC%82%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="晶状体异位（页面不存在）">晶状体异位</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopia_lentis" class="extiw" title="en:Ectopia lentis">Ectopia lentis</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C" title="视网膜">视网膜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视网膜炎（页面不存在）">视网膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis" class="extiw" title="en:Retinitis">Retinitis</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%89%E7%BB%9C%E8%86%9C%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脉络膜视网膜炎（页面不存在）">脉络膜视网膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorioretinitis" class="extiw" title="en:Chorioretinitis">Chorioretinitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎（页面不存在）">巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytomegalovirus_retinitis" class="extiw" title="en:Cytomegalovirus retinitis">Cytomegalovirus retinitis</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E8%84%B1%E7%A6%BB" title="视网膜脱离">视网膜脱离</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E5%B1%82%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视网膜层分裂（页面不存在）">视网膜层分裂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoschisis" class="extiw" title="en:Retinoschisis">Retinoschisis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E9%83%A8%E7%BC%BA%E8%A1%80%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼部缺血综合征（页面不存在）">眼部缺血综合征</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_ischemic_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Ocular ischemic syndrome">Ocular ischemic syndrome</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9D%99%E8%84%89%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视网膜中央静脉阻塞（页面不存在）">视网膜中央静脉阻塞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_retinal_vein_occlusion" class="extiw" title="en:Central retinal vein occlusion">Central retinal vein occlusion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E" title="视网膜中央动脉阻塞">视网膜中央动脉阻塞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视网膜分支动脉阻塞（页面不存在）">视网膜分支动脉阻塞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_retinal_artery_occlusion" class="extiw" title="en:Branch retinal artery occlusion">Branch retinal artery occlusion</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视网膜病变（页面不存在）">视网膜病变</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinopathy" class="extiw" title="en:Retinopathy">Retinopathy</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E5%B0%BF%E7%97%85%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98" title="糖尿病视网膜病变">糖尿病视网膜病变</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%80%E5%8E%8B%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高血压视网膜病变（页面不存在）">高血压视网膜病变</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_retinopathy" class="extiw" title="en:Hypertensive retinopathy">Hypertensive retinopathy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purtscher%E6%B0%8F%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E8%AE%8A" title="Purtscher氏視網膜病變">遠達性視網膜病變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E4%BA%A7%E5%84%BF%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98" title="早产儿视网膜病变">早产儿视网膜病变</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%99%B6%E6%A0%B7%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E5%8F%98%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结晶样视网膜变性（页面不存在）">结晶样视网膜变性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bietti%27s_crystalline_dystrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Bietti's crystalline dystrophy">Bietti's crystalline dystrophy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%AF%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柯氏症（页面不存在）">渗出性视网膜病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coats%27_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Coats' disease">Coats' disease</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B0%E7%8A%B6%E7%BA%A2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镰状红细胞性视网膜病变（页面不存在）">镰状红细胞性视网膜病变</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_retinopathy" class="extiw" title="en:Sickle cell retinopathy">Sickle cell retinopathy</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%96%91%E9%83%A8%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="黃斑部退化">黄斑变性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2%E8%86%9C%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0%E8%AE%8A%E6%80%A7" title="視網膜色素變性">色素性视网膜炎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视网膜出血（页面不存在）">视网膜出血</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_haemorrhage" class="extiw" title="en:Retinal haemorrhage">Retinal haemorrhage</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%80%A7%E6%B5%86%E6%B6%B2%E6%80%A7%E8%84%89%E7%BB%9C%E8%86%9C%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98" title="中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变">中心性浆液性视网膜病变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%96%91%E6%B0%B4%E8%85%AB" title="黃斑水腫">黃斑水腫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E5%89%8D%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视网膜前膜（页面不存在）">视网膜前膜</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiretinal_membrane" class="extiw" title="en:Epiretinal membrane">Epiretinal membrane</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E6%96%91%E7%9A%B1%E8%A4%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄斑皱褶（页面不存在）">黄斑皱褶</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macular_pucker" class="extiw" title="en:Macular pucker">Macular pucker</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B5%E9%BB%84%E7%8A%B6%E9%BB%84%E6%96%91%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卵黄状黄斑营养不良（页面不存在）">卵黄状黄斑营养不良</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitelliform_macular_dystrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Vitelliform macular dystrophy">Vitelliform macular dystrophy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%AF%E6%B0%8F%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E9%BB%91%E8%92%99%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莱伯氏先天性黑蒙症（页面不存在）">莱伯氏先天性黑蒙症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber_congenital_amaurosis" class="extiw" title="en:Leber congenital amaurosis">Leber congenital amaurosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E5%BC%B9%E7%8A%B6%E8%84%89%E7%BB%9C%E8%86%9C%E8%A7%86%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散弹状脉络膜视网膜病（页面不存在）">散弹状脉络膜视网膜病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdshot_chorioretinopathy" class="extiw" title="en:Birdshot chorioretinopathy">Birdshot chorioretinopathy</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%85%89%E7%9C%BC" title="青光眼">青光眼</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%9C%BC%E5%8E%8B%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高眼压症（页面不存在）">高眼压症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_hypertension" class="extiw" title="en:Ocular hypertension">Ocular hypertension</a>）/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%91%E6%80%A7%E5%B9%BC%E5%B9%B4%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%85%89%E7%9C%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原发性幼年性青光眼（页面不存在）">原发性幼年性青光眼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_juvenile_glaucoma" class="extiw" title="en:Primary juvenile glaucoma">Primary juvenile glaucoma</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E8%9A%8A%E7%97%87" title="飛蚊症">飛蚊症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%B0%8F%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%96%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE%E7%97%87" title="雷伯氏遺傳性視神經萎縮症">雷伯氏遺傳性視神經萎縮症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%BA%A2" title="眼红">紅眼症</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83%E7%A0%B4%E8%A3%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼球破裂（页面不存在）">眼球破裂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_rupture" class="extiw" title="en:Globe rupture">Globe rupture</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%92%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真菌性角膜炎（页面不存在）">真菌性角膜炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_keratitis" class="extiw" title="en:Fungal keratitis">Fungal keratitis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83%E7%97%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼球痨（页面不存在）">眼球痨</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthisis_bulbi" class="extiw" title="en:Phthisis bulbi">Phthisis bulbi</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%98%E7%95%99%E5%9E%8B%E5%A2%9E%E6%AE%96%E6%80%A7%E5%88%9D%E7%B4%9A%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E9%AB%94%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殘留型增殖性初級玻璃體症（页面不存在）">殘留胎兒血管組織症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_hyperplastic_primary_vitreous" class="extiw" title="en:Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous">Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous</a>）/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%98%E7%95%99%E5%9E%8B%E5%A2%9E%E6%AE%96%E6%80%A7%E5%88%9D%E7%B4%9A%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E9%AB%94%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殘留型增殖性初級玻璃體症（页面不存在）">殘留型增殖性初級玻璃體症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_hyperplastic_primary_vitreous" class="extiw" title="en:Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous">Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%80%A7%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="持续性晶状体血管膜（页面不存在）">持续性晶状体血管膜</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_tunica_vasculosa_lentis" class="extiw" title="en:Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis">Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E6%80%A7%E6%BB%B2%E6%BC%8F%E6%80%A7%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E9%AB%94%E8%A6%96%E7%B6%B2%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家族性滲漏性玻璃體視網膜病變（页面不存在）">家族性滲漏性玻璃體視網膜病變</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_exudative_vitreoretinopathy" class="extiw" title="en:Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy">Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">径路</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F" title="视神经">视神经</a>及 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%9B%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視神經盤（页面不存在）">视觉径路</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_disc" class="extiw" title="en:Optic disc">Optic disc</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视神经炎（页面不存在）">视神经炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuritis" class="extiw" title="en:Optic neuritis">Optic neuritis</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E4%B9%B3%E5%A4%B4%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视神经乳头炎（页面不存在）">视神经乳头炎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_papillitis" class="extiw" title="en:Optic papillitis">Optic papillitis</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E4%B9%B3%E5%A4%B4%E6%B0%B4%E8%82%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="视神经乳头水肿">视神经乳头水肿</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福斯特·肯尼迪综合征（页面不存在）">福斯特·肯尼迪综合征</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster_Kennedy_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Foster Kennedy syndrome">Foster Kennedy syndrome</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%97%85%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視神經病變（页面不存在）">視神經病變</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuropathy" class="extiw" title="en:Optic neuropathy">Optic neuropathy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%9B%98%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E7%96%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视盘玻璃疣（页面不存在）">视盘玻璃疣</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_disc_drusen" class="extiw" title="en:Optic disc drusen">Optic disc drusen</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%90%8E%E7%BC%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视神经萎缩（页面不存在）">视神经萎缩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuropathy" class="extiw" title="en:Optic neuropathy">Optic neuropathy</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%BA%E8%A1%80%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缺血性视神经病变（页面不存在）">缺血性视神经病变</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_optic_neuropathy" class="extiw" title="en:Ischemic optic neuropathy">Ischemic optic neuropathy</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E9%83%A8%E7%BC%BA%E8%A1%80%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前部缺血性视神经病变（页面不存在）">前部 (AION)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy" class="extiw" title="en:Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy">Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E9%83%A8%E7%BC%BA%E8%A1%80%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后部缺血性视神经病变（页面不存在）">后部 (PION)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy" class="extiw" title="en:Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy">Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%93%E6%98%BE%E6%80%A7%E8%A7%86%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%90%8E%E7%BC%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="常染色体显性视神经萎缩（页面不存在）">常染色体显性视神经萎缩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjer%27s_optic_neuropathy" class="extiw" title="en:Kjer's optic neuropathy">Kjer's optic neuropathy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%B0%8F%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%96%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE%E7%97%87" title="雷伯氏遺傳性視神經萎縮症">雷伯氏遺傳性視神經萎縮症</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%8A%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF%E6%80%A7%E8%A6%96%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%97%85%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="毒性及營養不良性視神經病變（页面不存在）">营养性视神经病变</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_and_nutritional_optic_neuropathy" class="extiw" title="en:Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy">Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E5%A4%96%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼外肌（页面不存在）">眼外肌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraocular_muscles" class="extiw" title="en:Extraocular muscles">Extraocular muscles</a>）、 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼球运动（页面不存在）">运动</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_movement" class="extiw" title="en:Eye movement">Eye movement</a>）、 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B%E8%B0%83%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="眼睛调节">适应</a>、 <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="屈光度">屈光</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%86" title="斜视">斜视</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%86" title="斜视">麻痹性斜视</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BC%E8%82%8C%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眼肌麻痹（页面不存在）">眼肌麻痹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoparesis" class="extiw" title="en:Ophthalmoparesis">Ophthalmoparesis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%9C%BC%E5%A4%96%E8%82%8C%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹（页面不存在）">慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_progressive_external_ophthalmoplegia" class="extiw" title="en:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia">Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF-%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡恩斯-塞爾綜合征（页面不存在）">卡恩斯-塞爾綜合征</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kearns%E2%80%93Sayre_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Kearns–Sayre syndrome">Kearns–Sayre syndrome</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%91%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脑神经疾病（页面不存在）">脑神经麻痹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerve_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Cranial nerve disease">Cranial nerve disease</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%9C%BC%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动眼神经麻痹（页面不存在）">动眼神经 (第三)</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve_palsy" class="extiw" title="en:Oculomotor nerve palsy">Oculomotor nerve palsy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E8%84%91%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四脑神经麻痹（页面不存在）">第四脑神经</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_nerve_palsy" class="extiw" title="en:Fourth nerve palsy">Fourth nerve palsy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E8%84%91%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第六脑神经麻痹（页面不存在）">第六脑神经</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_nerve_palsy" class="extiw" title="en:Sixth nerve palsy">Sixth nerve palsy</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;">其他斜视</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内斜视（页面不存在）">内斜视</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esotropia" class="extiw" title="en:Esotropia">Esotropia</a>）/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外斜视（页面不存在）">外斜视</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotropia" class="extiw" title="en:Exotropia">Exotropia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%96%9C%E7%9C%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上斜眼（页面不存在）">上斜眼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertropia" class="extiw" title="en:Hypertropia">Hypertropia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%90%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隐斜视（页面不存在）">隐斜视</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterophoria" class="extiw" title="en:Heterophoria">Heterophoria</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E9%9A%90%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内隐斜视（页面不存在）">内隐斜</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophoria" class="extiw" title="en:Esophoria">Esophoria</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E9%9A%90%E6%96%9C%E8%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外隐斜视（页面不存在）">外隐斜</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophoria" class="extiw" title="en:Exophoria">Exophoria</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%89%E6%96%9C%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旋轉斜視（页面不存在）">旋轉斜視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotropia" class="extiw" title="en:Cyclotropia">Cyclotropia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97%E6%B0%8F%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81" title="布朗氏综合征">布朗氏综合征</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%84%E6%81%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狄恩尼氏症候群（页面不存在）">狄恩尼氏症候群</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Duane syndrome">Duane syndrome</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E7%9C%BC%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="双眼视觉">双眼视觉</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E8%BD%AD%E5%87%9D%E8%A7%86%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共轭凝视麻痹（页面不存在）">共轭凝视麻痹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gaze_palsy" class="extiw" title="en:Conjugate gaze palsy">Conjugate gaze palsy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%9D%E8%A7%86%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凝视不足（页面不存在）">凝视不足</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_insufficiency" class="extiw" title="en:Convergence insufficiency">Convergence insufficiency</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E9%97%B4%E6%80%A7%E7%9C%BC%E8%82%8C%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核间性眼肌麻痹（页面不存在）">核间性眼肌麻痹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internuclear_ophthalmoplegia" class="extiw" title="en:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia">Internuclear ophthalmoplegia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8D%8A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一个半综合征（页面不存在）">一个半综合征</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_and_a_half_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:One and a half syndrome">One and a half syndrome</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;">屈光</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%85%89%E4%B8%8D%E6%AD%A3" title="屈光不正">屈光不正</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E8%A6%96" title="遠視">遠視</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">近視</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E5%85%89" title="散光">散光</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%88%E5%85%89%E5%8F%82%E5%B7%AE%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="屈光参差症（页面不存在）">屈光参差症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisometropia" class="extiw" title="en:Anisometropia">Anisometropia</a>）/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%91%E8%86%9C%E5%BC%82%E8%B1%A1%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="网膜异象症（页面不存在）">网膜异象症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniseikonia" class="extiw" title="en:Aniseikonia">Aniseikonia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E8%8A%B1" title="老花">老花眼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%97%E6%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="視力受損">视力障碍</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%98%8E" title="失明">失明</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E8%A6%96" title="弱視">弱視</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%AF%E6%B0%8F%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E9%BB%91%E8%92%99%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莱伯氏先天性黑蒙症（页面不存在）">莱伯氏先天性黑蒙症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber_congenital_amaurosis" class="extiw" title="en:Leber congenital amaurosis">Leber congenital amaurosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E8%A7%86" title="复视">复视</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B2%E9%BB%9E%E7%BC%BA%E6%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盲點缺損（页面不存在）">盲點缺損</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotoma" class="extiw" title="en:Scotoma">Scotoma</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B2" title="色盲">色盲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B2" title="色盲">色弱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%89%B2%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="单色视觉">单色色盲</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E8%89%B2%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双色色盲（页面不存在）">双色色盲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichromacy" class="extiw" title="en:Dichromacy">Dichromacy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E8%89%B2%E7%9B%B2_(%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全色盲 (疾病)（页面不存在）">全色盲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achromatopsia" class="extiw" title="en:Achromatopsia">Achromatopsia</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E7%9B%B2%E7%97%87" title="夜盲症">夜盲症</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%80%A7%E5%A4%9C%E7%9B%B2%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="先天性夜盲症（页面不存在）">先天性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oguchi_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Oguchi disease">Oguchi disease</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%98%8E" title="失明">失明</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%97%E6%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="視力受損">视力低下</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%97%E6%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="視力受損">視力障礙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E7%BC%BA%E5%A4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視覺缺失（页面不存在）">視覺缺失</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopsia" class="extiw" title="en:Anopsia">Anopsia</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%8F%E7%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="偏盲（页面不存在）">偏盲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemianopsia" class="extiw" title="en:Hemianopsia">Hemianopsia</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%BC%BB%E4%BE%A7%E5%81%8F%E7%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双鼻侧偏盲（页面不存在）">双鼻侧偏盲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binasal_hemianopsia" class="extiw" title="en:Binasal hemianopsia">Binasal hemianopsia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E9%A2%9E%E4%BE%A7%E5%81%8F%E7%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双颞侧偏盲（页面不存在）">双颞侧偏盲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitemporal_hemianopsia" class="extiw" title="en:Bitemporal hemianopsia">Bitemporal hemianopsia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BE%A7%E5%81%8F%E7%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同侧偏盲（页面不存在）">同侧偏盲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homonymous_hemianopsia" class="extiw" title="en:Homonymous hemianopsia">Homonymous hemianopsia</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%A1%E9%99%90%E7%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="象限盲（页面不存在）">象限盲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrantanopia" class="extiw" title="en:Quadrantanopia">Quadrantanopia</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;">自觉型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E7%96%B2%E5%8B%9E" title="視疲勞">視疲勞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%9D%E7%9B%B2%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="晝盲症（页面不存在）">晝盲症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemeralopia" class="extiw" title="en:Hemeralopia">Hemeralopia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E5%85%89%E7%97%87" title="恐光症">恐光症</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%AA%E5%85%89%E6%9A%97%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闪光暗点（页面不存在）">闪光暗点</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillating_scotoma" class="extiw" title="en:Scintillating scotoma">Scintillating scotoma</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94" title="瞳孔">瞳孔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94%E4%B8%8D%E5%9D%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瞳孔不均（页面不存在）">瞳孔不均</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisocoria" class="extiw" title="en:Anisocoria">Anisocoria</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%9B%96%E8%80%B3-%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E9%80%8A%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿盖耳-罗伯逊瞳孔（页面不存在）">强直性瞳孔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyll_Robertson_pupil" class="extiw" title="en:Argyll Robertson pupil">Argyll Robertson pupil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E4%BC%A0%E5%85%A5%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="相对传入瞳孔缺陷（页面不存在）">马库斯·冈恩瞳孔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Gunn_pupil" class="extiw" title="en:Marcus Gunn pupil">Marcus Gunn pupil</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%BF%AA%E6%B0%8F%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4" title="艾迪氏症候群">艾迪氏症候群</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94%E7%BC%A9%E5%B0%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瞳孔缩小（页面不存在）">瞳孔缩小</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosis" class="extiw" title="en:Miosis">Miosis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7" title="瞳孔放大">瞳孔放大</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9E%B3%E5%AD%94%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7" title="瞳孔放大">散瞳症</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%AB%E7%8A%B6%E8%82%8C%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睫状肌麻痹（页面不存在）">睫状肌麻痹</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloplegia" class="extiw" title="en:Cycloplegia">Cycloplegia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佩里诺综合征（页面不存在）">佩里诺综合征</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinaud%27s_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Parinaud's syndrome">Parinaud's syndrome</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83%E9%9C%87%E9%A2%A4" title="眼球震颤">眼球震颤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E5%A4%B1%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兒童失明（页面不存在）">兒童失明</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_blindness" class="extiw" title="en:Childhood blindness">Childhood blindness</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ICD-10_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E7%9C%BC%E5%92%8C%E9%99%84%E5%99%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="ICD-10 第七章：眼和附器疾病">眼部感染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%9C%BC" title="沙眼">沙眼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%B0%BE%E4%B8%9D%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="盘尾丝虫病">盘尾丝虫病</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eye_navs" title="Template:Eye navs"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eye_navs" title="Template talk:Eye navs"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Eye_navs" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Eye navs"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="人眼索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%9C%BC" title="人眼">人眼</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Eye_anatomy" title="Template:Eye anatomy">解剖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_anatomy" title="Template:Orbital anatomy">眼眶</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Visual_pathways&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Visual pathways（页面不存在）">神經</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Visual_pathways" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Visual pathways">Template:Visual pathways</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eye_and_ear_physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eye and ear physiology（页面不存在）">生理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eye_and_ear_physiology" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eye and ear physiology">Template:Eye and ear physiology</a>） <ul><li>現象 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Appearance_phenomena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Appearance phenomena（页面不存在）">外觀</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Appearance_phenomena" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Appearance phenomena">Template:Appearance phenomena</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Visual_phenomena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Visual phenomena（页面不存在）">視覺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Visual_phenomena" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Visual phenomena">Template:Visual phenomena</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A6%96%E9%8C%AF%E8%A6%BA" title="Template:視錯覺">錯覺</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eye_proteins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eye proteins（页面不存在）">蛋白質</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eye_proteins" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eye proteins">Template:Eye proteins</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Development_of_nervous_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Development of nervous system（页面不存在）">發育</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Development_of_nervous_system" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Development of nervous system">Template:Development of nervous system</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of eye" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of eye"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_eye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of eye（页面不存在）">先天</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_eye" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of eye">Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of eye</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Human_corneal_dystrophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Human corneal dystrophy（页面不存在）">角膜病變</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Human_corneal_dystrophy" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Human corneal dystrophy">Template:Human corneal dystrophy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Eye_tumors" title="Template:Eye tumors">腫瘤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:ICD-10-H1" title="Template:ICD-10-H1">其他</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eye_symptoms_and_signs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eye symptoms and signs（页面不存在）">症狀</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eye_symptoms_and_signs" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eye symptoms and signs">Template:Eye symptoms and signs</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eye_procedures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eye procedures（页面不存在）">程序</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eye_procedures" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eye procedures">Template:Eye procedures</a>）</li> <li>藥物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%9C%BC%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%97%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:眼科抗感染药">感染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E9%9D%92%E5%85%89%E7%9C%BC%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82%E5%8F%8A%E7%BC%A9%E7%9E%B3%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗青光眼制剂及缩瞳药">青光眼和縮瞳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%95%A3%E7%9E%B3%E8%8D%AF%E5%92%8C%E7%9D%AB%E7%8A%B6%E8%82%8C%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:散瞳药和睫状肌麻痹药">散瞳劑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%9C%BC%E9%83%A8%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:眼部血管疾病药物">血管</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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