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url('https://hagim.reform.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2023/12/10-tevet-website.jpg')"> <div class="hero-overlay"></div> <div class="hero-squares-wrap" style="background-image: url('https://hagim.reform.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2022/02/אייקון-מוביל-אתר-החגים.jpg')"></div> <div class="opening-content"> <div class="title-wrap"> <h1>צום עשרה בטבת</h1> </div> <div class="sub-title-wrap"> <h2>יום הקדיש הכללי - ועוד</h2> </div> <div class="link-btn-wrap"> <a href="https://hagim.reform.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2022/05/asarabetevetasufa.pdf" target="_blank" class="button" title="אסופת מקורות להורדה">אסופת מקורות להורדה</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="breadcrumbs"><span id="breadcrumbs"><span><span><a href="https://hagim.reform.org.il/">חגים בתנועה הרפורמית</a></span> / <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">עשרה בטבת</span></span></span></div> <main id="primary" class="site-main"> <article id="post-1165" class="post-1165 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <div class="wrapper "> <div class="container main"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">עשרה בטבת</h1> </header> <div class="entry-content free-content"> <p>צום עשרה בטבת הוא אחד מארבעת ימי התענית שנקבעו לזכר חורבן בית ראשון וחורבן בית שני )יחד עם תשעה באב, שבעה עשר בתמוז וצום גדליהו החל ב-ג' בתשרי(. מבחינה כרונולוגית, צום העשרה בטבת הוא הראשון לצומות, מכיוון שהוא היום בו הוטל המצור הבבלי על ירושלים בשנת 588 לפנה"ס. מצור זה הוביל כעבור שנה ומחצה לחורבנו של הבית הראשון, לנפילתה של מלכות יהודה ולהגליית רוב העם לבבל.</p> <p><a href="https://hagim.reform.org.il/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9D-%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%98%D7%91%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94/">מתקווה לייאוש – מאמר על הצומות והרלוונטיות שלהם לימינו</a></p> <p>בשנת 1950 קבעה הרבנות הראשית לישראל את עשרה בטבת כיום הקדיש הכללי לזכר קורבנות השואה, שנתיים ימים לפני ההכרזה על יום כ"ז בניסן כיום הזיכרון הממלכתי לשואה ולגבורה על ידי כנסת ישראל. עם קביעתו של יום הזיכרון הממלכתי מצוין יום הקדיש הכללי לזכרם של קורבנות השואה שיום מותם לא<br>נודע. ביום עשרה בטבת מצוין אף יום הולדתו של המשורר הלאומי חיים נחמן ביאליק, ממבשרי התחייה של התרבות העברית ושיבת ישראל לארצו.</p> <p><strong>מילים עתיקין חדישין – חיים נחמן ביאליק, אליעזר בין יהודה והתחדשות יהודית בראי השפה העברית</strong></p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://reform.org.il/people/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%97%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F/">למאמר המלא >></a></div> </div> <p></p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">יום הקדיש הכללי</h2> <p>אנחנו מזמינים אתכם לקרוא את מאמרה של הרבה דר' דליה מרקס: "<a href="https://www.academia.edu/28234104/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%AA">תפילת הקדיש – מעמק הריין לעמק יזרעאל</a>", על המפגש בין תפילת הקדיש והאידאולוגיה הקיבוצית החילונית:</p> <p>בן דורנו, המשכל אחת מהוריו או חבר קרוב לליבו – שי מיני יתמות יורדים עליו, האחד בהילקח ממנו אחד מיקירו, השני […שהוא] איבד את צורת הביטו, את אוצרות הלשון, את המרושת הרוחנית שבאמצעותם נהגו אות אבותיו לתת ביטוי לאבלם […] יתמות אחת היא יתמות האדם, השניה – ממסורת (אוריאל טל)<br>המאמר עוסק בקדיש, תפילה שמקורה עלום, אשר הפכה ברכות השנים להיות מזוהה יותר מכול כתפילת היתומים והאבלים, ובוחן את פגישה עם האידיאולוגיה החלוצית החילונית, למעשה מציע המאמר מסע בין שני עמקים – מעמק הריין, שבו נוצקה תפילת הקדיש במאה השתיים עשרה בעקבות פרעות הצלבנים, לעמק יזרעאל, כור מחצבתה של ההתיישבות העובדת הקיבוצית הישראלית.</p> <p>מוזמנים לעיון ולקרוא בטקסטים הקיבוציים החלופיים שהציעו בני הקיבוצים לקדיש:</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://hagim.reform.org.il/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2022/05/yom-hakadish-haclali.pdf">להורדת הקובץ</a></div> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://www.academia.edu/28234104/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%AA">למאמר המלא</a></div> </div> 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fill="currentColor" width="1em"> <title>כלי נגישות</title> <g><path d="M60.4,78.9c-2.2,4.1-5.3,7.4-9.2,9.8c-4,2.4-8.3,3.6-13,3.6c-6.9,0-12.8-2.4-17.7-7.3c-4.9-4.9-7.3-10.8-7.3-17.7c0-5,1.4-9.5,4.1-13.7c2.7-4.2,6.4-7.2,10.9-9.2l-0.9-7.3c-6.3,2.3-11.4,6.2-15.3,11.8C7.9,54.4,6,60.6,6,67.3c0,5.8,1.4,11.2,4.3,16.1s6.8,8.8,11.7,11.7c4.9,2.9,10.3,4.3,16.1,4.3c7,0,13.3-2.1,18.9-6.2c5.7-4.1,9.6-9.5,11.7-16.2l-5.7-11.4C63.5,70.4,62.5,74.8,60.4,78.9z"/><path d="M93.8,71.3l-11.1,5.5L70,51.4c-0.6-1.3-1.7-2-3.2-2H41.3l-0.9-7.2h22.7v-7.2H39.6L37.5,19c2.5,0.3,4.8-0.5,6.7-2.3c1.9-1.8,2.9-4,2.9-6.6c0-2.5-0.9-4.6-2.6-6.3c-1.8-1.8-3.9-2.6-6.3-2.6c-2,0-3.8,0.6-5.4,1.8c-1.6,1.2-2.7,2.7-3.2,4.6c-0.3,1-0.4,1.8-0.3,2.3l5.4,43.5c0.1,0.9,0.5,1.6,1.2,2.3c0.7,0.6,1.5,0.9,2.4,0.9h26.4l13.4,26.7c0.6,1.3,1.7,2,3.2,2c0.6,0,1.1-0.1,1.6-0.4L97,77.7L93.8,71.3z"/></g> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-overlay"> <div class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-inner"> <p class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-title">כלי נגישות</p> <ul class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-items pojo-a11y-tools"> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-resize-font pojo-a11y-btn-resize-plus" data-action="resize-plus" data-action-group="resize" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>הגדל טקסט</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-56v56c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-16c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-56h-56c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h56v-56c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h16c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8v56h56c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">הגדל טקסט</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-resize-font pojo-a11y-btn-resize-minus" data-action="resize-minus" data-action-group="resize" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>הקטן טקסט</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 200v16c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8h-144c-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8v-16c0-4.25 3.75-8 8-8h144c4.25 0 8 3.75 8 8zM288 208c0-61.75-50.25-112-112-112s-112 50.25-112 112 50.25 112 112 112 112-50.25 112-112zM416 416c0 17.75-14.25 32-32 32-8.5 0-16.75-3.5-22.5-9.5l-85.75-85.5c-29.25 20.25-64.25 31-99.75 31-97.25 0-176-78.75-176-176s78.75-176 176-176 176 78.75 176 176c0 35.5-10.75 70.5-31 99.75l85.75 85.75c5.75 5.75 9.25 14 9.25 22.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">הקטן טקסט</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-grayscale" data-action="grayscale" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>גווני אפור</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.75 384h-15.75v-352h15.75v352zM31.5 383.75h-8v-351.75h8v351.75zM55 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM94.25 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM133.5 383.75h-15.5v-351.75h15.5v351.75zM165 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM180.75 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM196.5 383.75h-7.75v-351.75h7.75v351.75zM235.75 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM275 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM306.5 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM338 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM361.5 383.75h-15.75v-351.75h15.75v351.75zM408.75 383.75h-23.5v-351.75h23.5v351.75zM424.5 383.75h-8v-351.75h8v351.75zM448 384h-15.75v-352h15.75v352z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">גווני אפור</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-high-contrast" data-action="high-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>ניגודיות גבוהה</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M192 360v-272c-75 0-136 61-136 136s61 136 136 136zM384 224c0 106-86 192-192 192s-192-86-192-192 86-192 192-192 192 86 192 192z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">ניגודיות גבוהה</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-negative-contrast" data-action="negative-contrast" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>ניגודיות הפוכה</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 240c-23.75-36.75-56.25-68.25-95.25-88.25 10 17 15.25 36.5 15.25 56.25 0 61.75-50.25 112-112 112s-112-50.25-112-112c0-19.75 5.25-39.25 15.25-56.25-39 20-71.5 51.5-95.25 88.25 42.75 66 111.75 112 192 112s149.25-46 192-112zM236 144c0-6.5-5.5-12-12-12-41.75 0-76 34.25-76 76 0 6.5 5.5 12 12 12s12-5.5 12-12c0-28.5 23.5-52 52-52 6.5 0 12-5.5 12-12zM448 240c0 6.25-2 12-5 17.25-46 75.75-130.25 126.75-219 126.75s-173-51.25-219-126.75c-3-5.25-5-11-5-17.25s2-12 5-17.25c46-75.5 130.25-126.75 219-126.75s173 51.25 219 126.75c3 5.25 5 11 5 17.25z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">ניגודיות הפוכה</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-background-group pojo-a11y-btn-light-background" data-action="light-background" data-action-group="schema" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>רקע בהיר</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M184 144c0 4.25-3.75 8-8 8s-8-3.75-8-8c0-17.25-26.75-24-40-24-4.25 0-8-3.75-8-8s3.75-8 8-8c23.25 0 56 12.25 56 40zM224 144c0-50-50.75-80-96-80s-96 30-96 80c0 16 6.5 32.75 17 45 4.75 5.5 10.25 10.75 15.25 16.5 17.75 21.25 32.75 46.25 35.25 74.5h57c2.5-28.25 17.5-53.25 35.25-74.5 5-5.75 10.5-11 15.25-16.5 10.5-12.25 17-29 17-45zM256 144c0 25.75-8.5 48-25.75 67s-40 45.75-42 72.5c7.25 4.25 11.75 12.25 11.75 20.5 0 6-2.25 11.75-6.25 16 4 4.25 6.25 10 6.25 16 0 8.25-4.25 15.75-11.25 20.25 2 3.5 3.25 7.75 3.25 11.75 0 16.25-12.75 24-27.25 24-6.5 14.5-21 24-36.75 24s-30.25-9.5-36.75-24c-14.5 0-27.25-7.75-27.25-24 0-4 1.25-8.25 3.25-11.75-7-4.5-11.25-12-11.25-20.25 0-6 2.25-11.75 6.25-16-4-4.25-6.25-10-6.25-16 0-8.25 4.5-16.25 11.75-20.5-2-26.75-24.75-53.5-42-72.5s-25.75-41.25-25.75-67c0-68 64.75-112 128-112s128 44 128 112z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">רקע בהיר</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-links-underline" data-action="links-underline" data-action-group="toggle" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>הדגשת קישורים</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M364 304c0-6.5-2.5-12.5-7-17l-52-52c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7-7.25 0-13 2.75-18 8 8.25 8.25 18 15.25 18 28 0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24-12.75 0-19.75-9.75-28-18-5.25 5-8.25 10.75-8.25 18.25 0 6.25 2.5 12.5 7 17l51.5 51.75c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75s12.5-2.25 17-6.5l36.75-36.5c4.5-4.5 7-10.5 7-16.75zM188.25 127.75c0-6.25-2.5-12.5-7-17l-51.5-51.75c-4.5-4.5-10.75-7-17-7s-12.5 2.5-17 6.75l-36.75 36.5c-4.5 4.5-7 10.5-7 16.75 0 6.5 2.5 12.5 7 17l52 52c4.5 4.5 10.75 6.75 17 6.75 7.25 0 13-2.5 18-7.75-8.25-8.25-18-15.25-18-28 0-13.25 10.75-24 24-24 12.75 0 19.75 9.75 28 18 5.25-5 8.25-10.75 8.25-18.25zM412 304c0 19-7.75 37.5-21.25 50.75l-36.75 36.5c-13.5 13.5-31.75 20.75-50.75 20.75-19.25 0-37.5-7.5-51-21.25l-51.5-51.75c-13.5-13.5-20.75-31.75-20.75-50.75 0-19.75 8-38.5 22-52.25l-22-22c-13.75 14-32.25 22-52 22-19 0-37.5-7.5-51-21l-52-52c-13.75-13.75-21-31.75-21-51 0-19 7.75-37.5 21.25-50.75l36.75-36.5c13.5-13.5 31.75-20.75 50.75-20.75 19.25 0 37.5 7.5 51 21.25l51.5 51.75c13.5 13.5 20.75 31.75 20.75 50.75 0 19.75-8 38.5-22 52.25l22 22c13.75-14 32.25-22 52-22 19 0 37.5 7.5 51 21l52 52c13.75 13.75 21 31.75 21 51z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">הדגשת קישורים</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-readable-font" data-action="readable-font" data-action-group="toggle" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>פונט קריא</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M181.25 139.75l-42.5 112.5c24.75 0.25 49.5 1 74.25 1 4.75 0 9.5-0.25 14.25-0.5-13-38-28.25-76.75-46-113zM0 416l0.5-19.75c23.5-7.25 49-2.25 59.5-29.25l59.25-154 70-181h32c1 1.75 2 3.5 2.75 5.25l51.25 120c18.75 44.25 36 89 55 133 11.25 26 20 52.75 32.5 78.25 1.75 4 5.25 11.5 8.75 14.25 8.25 6.5 31.25 8 43 12.5 0.75 4.75 1.5 9.5 1.5 14.25 0 2.25-0.25 4.25-0.25 6.5-31.75 0-63.5-4-95.25-4-32.75 0-65.5 2.75-98.25 3.75 0-6.5 0.25-13 1-19.5l32.75-7c6.75-1.5 20-3.25 20-12.5 0-9-32.25-83.25-36.25-93.5l-112.5-0.5c-6.5 14.5-31.75 80-31.75 89.5 0 19.25 36.75 20 51 22 0.25 4.75 0.25 9.5 0.25 14.5 0 2.25-0.25 4.5-0.5 6.75-29 0-58.25-5-87.25-5-3.5 0-8.5 1.5-12 2-15.75 2.75-31.25 3.5-47 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">פונט קריא</span> </a> </li> <li class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-item"> <a href="#" class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-link pojo-a11y-btn-reset" data-action="reset" tabindex="-1" role="button"> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-icon"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>איפוס</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M384 224c0 105.75-86.25 192-192 192-57.25 0-111.25-25.25-147.75-69.25-2.5-3.25-2.25-8 0.5-10.75l34.25-34.5c1.75-1.5 4-2.25 6.25-2.25 2.25 0.25 4.5 1.25 5.75 3 24.5 31.75 61.25 49.75 101 49.75 70.5 0 128-57.5 128-128s-57.5-128-128-128c-32.75 0-63.75 12.5-87 34.25l34.25 34.5c4.75 4.5 6 11.5 3.5 17.25-2.5 6-8.25 10-14.75 10h-112c-8.75 0-16-7.25-16-16v-112c0-6.5 4-12.25 10-14.75 5.75-2.5 12.75-1.25 17.25 3.5l32.5 32.25c35.25-33.25 83-53 132.25-53 105.75 0 192 86.25 192 192z"></path></svg></span> <span class="pojo-a11y-toolbar-text">איפוס</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </body> </html>