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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Île_Bourbon_(1642–1793)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Île_Bourbon_(1642–1793)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Île Bourbon (1642–1793)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Île_Bourbon_(1642–1793)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_revolts_(1793–1814)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_revolts_(1793–1814)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Revolutionary revolts (1793–1814)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_revolts_(1793–1814)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colony_of_Bourbon,_then_Réunion_(1814–1946)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colony_of_Bourbon,_then_Réunion_(1814–1946)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Colony of Bourbon, then Réunion (1814–1946)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colony_of_Bourbon,_then_Réunion_(1814–1946)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history_(1946–)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history_(1946–)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern history (1946–)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history_(1946–)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geopolitics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geopolitics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Geopolitics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geopolitics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipalities_(communes)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities_(communes)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Municipalities (<i>communes</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalities_(communes)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Defence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology_and_relief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Geology and relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Beaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Wildlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine_biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Marine biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coral_reef" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coral_reef"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Coral reef</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coral_reef-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gardening_and_Bourbon_roses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gardening_and_Bourbon_roses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.1</span> <span>Gardening and Bourbon roses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gardening_and_Bourbon_roses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats_to_the_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_to_the_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Threats to the environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats_to_the_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Historical population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_metropolitan_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_metropolitan_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Major metropolitan areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_metropolitan_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migrations_and_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migrations_and_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Migrations and ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migrations_and_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4.1</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blogs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blogs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Blogs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blogs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Public services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hydroelectric_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydroelectric_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4.1</span> <span>Hydroelectric power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydroelectric_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>General information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Réunion: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 152 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">152 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AC%E1%8B%A9%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%AE%E1%8A%95" title="ሬዩንዮን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሬዩንዮን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="لا ريونيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لا ريونيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuni%C3%B3n" title="Reunión – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reunión" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Reunion" title="La Reunion – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="La Reunion" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuni%C3%B3n" title="Reunión – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reunión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%BCnyon" title="Reünyon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Reünyon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="رئونیون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رئونیون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%81" title="রেউনিওঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেউনিওঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Рэюньён – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэюньён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Рэюньён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэюньён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реюнион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Реюнион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez_ar_Re%C3%BCnion" title="Enez ar Reünion – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Enez ar Reünion" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_la_Reuni%C3%B3" title="Illa de la Reunió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa de la Reunió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%AB%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ރިޔޫނިއަން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރިޔޫނިއަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CF%8B%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Ρεϋνιόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρεϋνιόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuni%C3%B3n_(Francia)" title="Reunión (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reunión (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunio" title="Reunio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reunio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="رئونیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئونیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" title="La Réunion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Réunion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" title="La Réunion – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="La Réunion" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Reuni%C3%B3n" title="Departamento de Reunión – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Departamento de Reunión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9C%84%EB%8B%88%EC%98%B9" title="레위니옹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레위니옹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ռեյունյոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեյունյոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82" title="रेयूनियों – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेयूनियों" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="রিইউনিয়ন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রিইউনিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реюньон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Реюньон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRiyunion" title="IRiyunion – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IRiyunion" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Riunione" title="La Riunione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La Riunione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ראוניון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראוניון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რეიუნიონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეიუნიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реюньон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Реюньон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyiniyo" title="Reyiniyo – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Reyiniyo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" title="La Réunion – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="La Réunion" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Reyinyon" title="La Reyinyon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="La Reyinyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lar%C3%A9ynyon" title="Laréynyon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Laréynyon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Реюньон департаменти – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Реюньон департаменти" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реюньон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Реюньон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunio" title="Reunio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Reunio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinjona" title="Reinjona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reinjona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departement_La_R%C3%A9union" title="Departement La Réunion – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Departement La Réunion" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunjonas" title="Reunjonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Reunjonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реинион – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Реинион" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" title="La Réunion – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="La Réunion" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="റീയൂണിയൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റീയൂണിയൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82" title="रेयूनियों – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रेयूनियों" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რეიუნიონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რეიუნიონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="لا ريونيون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لا ريونيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="ریونیون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ریونیون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реюньон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Реюньон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%81" title="रेयुनियोँ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रेयुनियोँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3" title="レユニオン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レユニオン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="ГӀеуьньон – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀеуьньон" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Ailen" title="Réunion Ailen – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Réunion Ailen" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%BCnion" title="Reünion – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reünion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyunion" title="Reyunion – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Reyunion" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%82" title="ਰੇਊਨੀਓਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਊਨੀਓਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ریونین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریونین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_(isla)" title="Réunion (isla) – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Réunion (isla)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="رېيونين – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رېيونين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunioh" title="Reunioh – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Reunioh" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" title="La Réunion – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="La Réunion" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuni%C3%A3o_(departamento)" title="Reunião (departamento) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reunião (departamento)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyunyon" title="Reyunyon – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Reyunyon" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyunyun" title="Riyunyun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Riyunyun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реюньон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Реюньон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱵᱳᱝᱜᱟᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱳᱝᱜᱟᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunione_(%C3%ACsula)" title="Reunione (ìsula) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Reunione (ìsula)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunioni" title="Reunioni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Reunioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riunioni" title="Riunioni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Riunioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="රීයූනියන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රීයූනියන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86" title="ڕیۆنیۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕیۆنیۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реинион – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реинион" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ரீயூனியன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரீயூனியன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реюньон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Реюньон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ရေႇၼီႇယၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ရေႇၼီႇယၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="เรอูว์นียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรอูว์นียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Реюньйон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Реюньйон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%92_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%BA" title="رے یونیوں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رے یونیوں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%BCne%C3%A4n" title="Reüneän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Reüneän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iye_del_Reyunion" title="Iye del Reyunion – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Iye del Reyunion" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rei%C3%B1%C3%B5o" title="Reiñõo – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Reiñõo" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA" title="留尼汪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="留尼汪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunion" title="Reunion – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Reunion" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" title="La Réunion – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="La Réunion" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%BA" title="留尼旺 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="留尼旺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Réunion" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" 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lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&oldid=1258180553" title="Réunion">Revision as of 15:40, 18 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&oldid=1258180553" title="Réunion">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-18T15:40:36Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:DonBeroni" class="mw-userlink" title="User:DonBeroni" data-mw-revid="1258180553"><bdi>DonBeroni</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:DonBeroni" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:DonBeroni">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/DonBeroni" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/DonBeroni">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>26,413</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Colony_of_Bourbon,_then_Réunion_(1814–1946)">→<bdi dir="ltr">Colony of Bourbon, then Réunion (1814–1946)</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&diff=prev&oldid=1258180553" title="Réunion" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&oldid=1258182538" title="Réunion">Latest revision as of 15:55, 18 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit" title="Réunion">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-18T15:55:04Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&undoafter=1258180553&undo=1258182538" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:DonBeroni" class="mw-userlink" title="User:DonBeroni" data-mw-revid="1258182538"><bdi>DonBeroni</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:DonBeroni" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:DonBeroni">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/DonBeroni" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/DonBeroni">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>26,413</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#Colony_of_Bourbon,_then_Réunion_(1814–1946)">→<bdi dir="ltr">Colony of Bourbon, then Réunion (1814–1946)</bdi></a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 104:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 104:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Bourbon Island was returned to the French under the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]] of 1814. The slave trade openly operated in the colony after French rule was restored, and despite international condemnation Bourbon Island imported 2,000 slaves every month during the 1820s, mostly from the [[Swahili coast]] or Quelimane in Portuguese Mozambique.<ref name="Slavery. 1980 p. 75-76"/> In 1841, Edmond Albius' discovery of hand-pollination of [[vanilla]] flowers enabled the island to soon become the world's leading vanilla producer. The cultivation of [[geranium]], whose essence is widely used in perfumery, also took off. From 1838 to 1841, Rear-Admiral [[Anne Chrétien Louis de Hell]] was governor of the island. A profound change of society and mentality linked to the events of the last ten years led the governor to present three emancipation projects to the Colonial Council.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Bourbon Island was returned to the French under the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]] of 1814. The slave trade openly operated in the colony after French rule was restored, and despite international condemnation Bourbon Island imported 2,000 slaves every month during the 1820s, mostly from the [[Swahili coast]] or Quelimane in Portuguese Mozambique.<ref name="Slavery. 1980 p. 75-76"/> In 1841, Edmond Albius' discovery of hand-pollination of [[vanilla]] flowers enabled the island to soon become the world's leading vanilla producer. The cultivation of [[geranium]], whose essence is widely used in perfumery, also took off. From 1838 to 1841, Rear-Admiral [[Anne Chrétien Louis de Hell]] was governor of the island. A profound change of society and mentality linked to the events of the last ten years led the governor to present three emancipation projects to the Colonial Council.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>On 9 June 1848, after the arrival of news of the [[French Revolution of 1848]] from Europe, governor {{Interlanguage link|Joseph Graëb|fr|Joseph Graëb}} announced the proclamation of the French Republic in [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]], and on that same day the island was definitely renamed "Réunion", the name it had already held between 1793 and 1806. The establishment of the Republic was met with coldness and distrust by the white plantocracy due to the professed abolitionism of the new Republican authorities in Paris. On 18 October 1848, the new [[Commissioner of the Republic]] [[Joseph Napoléon Sébastien Sarda <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Garrigan</del>]], sent from Paris to replace Graëb, announced in Saint-Denis the [[Slavery in France#End of slavery in France|abolition of slavery]] in Réunion, effective on 20 December 1848 (December 20 has been an official holiday in Réunion since then). Louis Henri Hubert Delisle became its first Creole governor on 8 August 1852, and remained in this position until 8 January 1858.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>On 9 June 1848, after the arrival of news of the [[French Revolution of 1848]] from Europe, governor {{Interlanguage link|Joseph Graëb|fr|Joseph Graëb}} announced the proclamation of the French Republic in [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]], and on that same day the island was definitely renamed "Réunion", the name it had already held between 1793 and 1806. The establishment of the Republic was met with coldness and distrust by the white plantocracy due to the professed abolitionism of the new Republican authorities in Paris. On 18 October 1848, the new [[Commissioner of the Republic]] [[Joseph Napoléon Sébastien Sarda <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Garriga</ins>]], sent from Paris to replace Graëb, announced in Saint-Denis the [[Slavery in France#End of slavery in France|abolition of slavery]] in Réunion, effective on 20 December 1848 (December 20 has been an official holiday in Réunion since then). Louis Henri Hubert Delisle became its first Creole governor on 8 August 1852, and remained in this position until 8 January 1858.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>After abolition, many foreign workers came as [[indentured worker]]s. Slavery was replaced by a system of contract labor known as ''engagés'', which lasted from 1848 until 1864.<ref name="Slavery. 1980 p. 75-77">Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 75-77</ref> In practice, an illegal slave trade was conducted in which slaves were acquired from Portuguese Mozambique and [[Zanzibar]] and then trafficked to Réunion via the [[Slavery in the Comoros|Comoros slave trade]]. They were officially called ''engagés'' to avoid the anti-slavery British [[blockade of Africa]].<ref name="Slavery. 1980 p. 75-77"/></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>After abolition, many foreign workers came as [[indentured worker]]s. Slavery was replaced by a system of contract labor known as ''engagés'', which lasted from 1848 until 1864.<ref name="Slavery. 1980 p. 75-77">Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 75-77</ref> In practice, an illegal slave trade was conducted in which slaves were acquired from Portuguese Mozambique and [[Zanzibar]] and then trafficked to Réunion via the [[Slavery in the Comoros|Comoros slave trade]]. They were officially called ''engagés'' to avoid the anti-slavery British [[blockade of Africa]].<ref name="Slavery. 1980 p. 75-77"/></div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 15:55, 18 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overseas department of France in the Indian Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"La Réunion" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/La_Reunion_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="La Reunion (disambiguation)">La Reunion (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">La Réunion</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Réunion</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /><span title="Réunion Creole French-language text"><i lang="rcf">La Rényon</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunion Creole French language">Réunion Creole French</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area#Outermost_Regions" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">outermost region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_R%C3%A9union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of La Réunion"><img alt="Coat of arms of La Réunion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Armoiries_R%C3%A9union.svg/110px-Armoiries_R%C3%A9union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Armoiries_R%C3%A9union.svg/165px-Armoiries_R%C3%A9union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Armoiries_R%C3%A9union.svg/220px-Armoiries_R%C3%A9union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1615" data-file-height="1237" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Coat of arms of Réunion">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Florebo_quocumque_ferar" title="Florebo quocumque ferar">Florebo quocumque ferar</a></i></span><br />(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'I will flourish wherever I am brought')</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></span> (national)<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">("The Marseillaise")</span><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="La_Marseillaise.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg/La_Marseillaise.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=am&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="am" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=sk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sk" label="slovenčina ‪(sk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/P%27tite_fleur_aim%C3%A9e" title="P'tite fleur aimée">P'tite fleur aimée</a></span></span> (regional)<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="234" data-mwtitle="Unofficial_Anthem_of_Réunion_-_Ptite_fleur_aimée.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Unofficial_Anthem_of_R%C3%A9union_-_Ptite_fleur_aim%C3%A9e.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/Unofficial_Anthem_of_R%C3%A9union_-_Ptite_fleur_aim%C3%A9e.ogg/Unofficial_Anthem_of_R%C3%A9union_-_Ptite_fleur_aim%C3%A9e.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%A9partement_974_in_France_(zoom).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/D%C3%A9partement_974_in_France_%28zoom%29.svg/250px-D%C3%A9partement_974_in_France_%28zoom%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/D%C3%A9partement_974_in_France_%28zoom%29.svg/375px-D%C3%A9partement_974_in_France_%28zoom%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/D%C3%A9partement_974_in_France_%28zoom%29.svg/500px-D%C3%A9partement_974_in_France_%28zoom%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="1003" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=R%C3%A9union&params=21_06_52_S_55_31_57_E_region:RE_type:adm1st_scale:500000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°06′52″S</span> <span class="longitude">55°31′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.11444°S 55.53250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-21.11444; 55.53250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">Prefecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Regional_Council_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Regional Council of Réunion">President of Regional Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huguette_Bello" title="Huguette Bello">Huguette Bello</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pour_La_R%C3%A9union_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pour La Réunion (political party)">PLR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_departmental_councils_(France)" title="List of presidents of departmental councils (France)">President of Departmental Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cyrille Melchior (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,511 km<sup>2</sup> (970 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">15th region</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(January 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-pop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">885,700</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">350/km<sup>2</sup> (910/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Réunionese</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€21.67 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€24,465</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:00" title="UTC+04:00">UTC+04:00</a> (RET)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:RE" title="ISO 3166-2:RE">RE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:FR" title="ISO 3166-2:FR">FR-974</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reunion.pref.gouv.fr/">Prefecture</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regionreunion.com">Regional Council</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cg974.fr/">Departmental Council</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>La Réunion</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/juː/: 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[la<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁe.ynjɔ̃]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b3\/Fr-La_R%C3%A9union.ogg\/Fr-La_R%C3%A9union.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-La R\u00e9union.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Fr-La_R%C3%A9union.ogg/Fr-La_R%C3%A9union.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-La_R%C3%A9union.ogg" title="File:Fr-La Réunion.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole" title="Réunion Creole">Reunionese Creole</a>: <i lang="rcf">La Rényon</i>; known as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Île Bourbon</i></span> before 1848) is an island in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> that is an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department and region</a> of France. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a>, it is located approximately 679 km (422 mi) east of the island of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and 175 km (109 mi) southwest of the island of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>. As of January 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it had a population of 885,700.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_La_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Denis, La Réunion">Saint-Denis</a>. </p><p>La Réunion was uninhabited until French immigrants and colonial subjects settled the island in the 17th century. Its tropical climate led to the development of a plantation economy focused primarily on sugar; slaves from East Africa were imported as fieldworkers, followed by Malays, <a href="/wiki/Annamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Annamite">Vietnamese</a>, Chinese, and Indians as indentured laborers. Today, the greatest proportion of the population is of mixed descent, while the predominant language is <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole" title="Réunion Creole">Réunion Creole</a>, though French remains the sole official language. </p><p> Since 1946, Réunion has been governed as a <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">French region</a> and thus has a similar status to its counterparts in Metropolitan France. Consequently, it is one of the <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">outermost regions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is, along with the French overseas department of <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, one of the two eurozone areas in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>. Owing to its strategic location, France maintains a large military presence. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_flag_of_R%C3%A9union_(VAR).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Proposed_flag_of_R%C3%A9union_%28VAR%29.svg/220px-Proposed_flag_of_R%C3%A9union_%28VAR%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Proposed_flag_of_R%C3%A9union_%28VAR%29.svg/330px-Proposed_flag_of_R%C3%A9union_%28VAR%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Proposed_flag_of_R%C3%A9union_%28VAR%29.svg/440px-Proposed_flag_of_R%C3%A9union_%28VAR%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Lo Mavéli (Lö Mahavéli) or Le Volcan rayonnant (The radiant volcano),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the unofficial <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Flag of Réunion">flag of Réunion</a> from 2003 used officially by various local authorities, like <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Philippe" title="Saint-Philippe">Saint-Philippe</a>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>France took possession of the island in the 17th century, naming it <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a>, after the dynasty that then ruled France. To break with this name, which was too attached to the <i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> decided on 23 March 1793<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to rename the territory Réunion Island. ("La Réunion", in French, usually means "meeting" or "assembly" rather than "reunion". This name was presumably chosen in homage to the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Fédéré">fédérés</a> of Marseilles and the Paris <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guards</a> that preceded the <a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792">insurrection of 10 August 1792</a>. No document establishes this and the use of the word "meeting" could have been purely symbolic.)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island changed its name again in the 19th century: in 1806, under the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a>, General Decaen named it Île Bonaparte (after <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>), and in 1810 it became Île Bourbon again. It was eventually renamed Réunion after <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">the fall of the July monarchy</a> by a decree of the provisional government on 7 March 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with the original spelling and the classical spelling and typographical rules,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "la Réunion" was written with a lower case in the article, but during the end of the 20th century the spelling "La Réunion" with a capital letter was developed in many writings to emphasize the integration of the article in the name. This last spelling corresponds to the recommendations of the <i>Commission nationale de toponymie</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appears in the current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">Constitution of the French Republic</a> in articles 72-3 and 73. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10-cent-1816-Isle-Bourbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/10-cent-1816-Isle-Bourbon.jpg/220px-10-cent-1816-Isle-Bourbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/10-cent-1816-Isle-Bourbon.jpg/330px-10-cent-1816-Isle-Bourbon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/10-cent-1816-Isle-Bourbon.jpg/440px-10-cent-1816-Isle-Bourbon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>An 1816 ten-centime coin from Réunion, from when it was still called Isle de Bourbon</figcaption></figure> <p>The island has been inhabited since the 17th century, when people from France and Madagascar settled there. Slavery was abolished on 20 December 1848 (a date celebrated yearly on the island), when the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second French Republic">Second Republic</a> abolished slavery in the French colonies. However, <a href="/wiki/Indentured_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured workers">indentured workers</a> continued to be brought to Réunion from <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>, among other places. The island became an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">overseas department</a> of France in 1946. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not much is known of La Réunion's history prior to the arrival of the Portuguese in the early 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen09_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen09-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arab traders were familiar with it by the name <i>Dina Morgabin</i>, "Western Island" (likely <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دنية/دبية مغربي</span> <i>Daniyah/Dībah Maghribīy</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Tabuteau13_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tabuteau13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (September 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:R%C3%A9union#Dubious" title="Talk:Réunion">discuss</a></i>]</sup> The island is possibly featured on a map from 1153 AD by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Al Sharif el-Edrisi</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The island might also have been visited by <a href="/wiki/Swahili_people" title="Swahili people">Swahili</a> or <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> (ancient Indonesian–Malaysian) sailors on their journey to the west from the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> to Madagascar.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen09_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen09-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first European discovery of the area was made around 1507 by Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Fernandes_Pereira" title="Diogo Fernandes Pereira">Diogo Fernandes Pereira</a>, but the specifics are unclear. The uninhabited island might have been first sighted by the expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mascarenhas" title="Pedro Mascarenhas">Dom Pedro Mascarenhas</a>, who gave his name to the island group around Réunion, the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarenes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hydro269_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydro269-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Réunion itself was dubbed <i>Santa Apolónia</i> after <a href="/wiki/Saint_Apollonia" title="Saint Apollonia">a favourite saint</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tabuteau13_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tabuteau13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which suggests that the date of the Portuguese discovery could have been 9 February, her feast day. <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Lopes_de_Sequeira" title="Diogo Lopes de Sequeira">Diogo Lopes de Sequeira</a> is said to have landed on the islands of Réunion and <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues" title="Rodrigues">Rodrigues</a> in 1509.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Île_Bourbon_(1642–1793)"><span id=".C3.8Ele_Bourbon_.281642.E2.80.931793.29"></span>Île Bourbon (1642–1793)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Île Bourbon (1642–1793)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaheDeLaBourdonnais_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MaheDeLaBourdonnais_2.JPG/220px-MaheDeLaBourdonnais_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MaheDeLaBourdonnais_2.JPG/330px-MaheDeLaBourdonnais_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MaheDeLaBourdonnais_2.JPG/440px-MaheDeLaBourdonnais_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9_de_La_Bourdonnais" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahé de La Bourdonnais">Mahé de La Bourdonnais</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By the early 1600s, nominal Portuguese rule had left Santa Apolónia virtually untouched.<sup id="cite_ref-Hydro269_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydro269-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was then occupied by France and administered from <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a>, Mauritius. Although the first French claims date from 1638, when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Cauche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Cauche (page does not exist)">François Cauche</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Cauche" class="extiw" title="fr:François Cauche">fr</a>]</span> and Salomon Goubert visited in June 1638,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the island was officially claimed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Pronis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Pronis (page does not exist)">Jacques Pronis</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Pronis" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Pronis">fr</a>]</span> of France in 1642, when he deported a dozen French <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutineers</a> to the island from <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. The convicts were returned to France several years later, and in 1649, the island was named Île Bourbon after the French royal <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>. Colonisation started in 1665, when the <a href="/wiki/French_East_India_Company" title="French East India Company">French East India Company</a> sent the first settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-Hydro269_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydro269-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French colonists developed a plantation economy founded on the cultivation of coffee and sugar by use of slave labor. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French colonisation, supplemented by importing Africans, Chinese and Indians as workers, contributed to ethnic diversity in the population. From 1690, most of the non-Europeans on the island were enslaved. Of the 80,000 slaves imported to Réunion and Mauritius between 1769 and 1793, 45% was provided by slave traders of the <a href="/wiki/Sakalava_people" title="Sakalava people">Sakalava people</a> in North West Madagascar, who raided East Africa and the Comoros for slaves, and the rest was provided by Arab slave traders who bought slaves from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a> and transported them to Réunion via Madagascar.<sup id="cite_ref-Slavery._1980_p._75-76_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slavery._1980_p._75-76-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolutionary_revolts_(1793–1814)"><span id="Revolutionary_revolts_.281793.E2.80.931814.29"></span>Revolutionary revolts (1793–1814)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revolutionary revolts (1793–1814)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 March 1793, during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the island's name was changed to "La Réunion" in homage to the meeting of the Federates of Marseille and the National Guards of Paris, during the march on the Tuileries Palace on 10 August 1792, and to erase the name of the Bourbon dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The abolition of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> voted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> on 4 February 1794, was rejected by La Réunion, as well as by Île de France (Mauritius). A delegation accompanied by military forces, charged with imposing the liberation of slaves, arrived on the island of Bourbon on 18 June 1796, only to be immediately expelled without mercy. There followed a period of unrest and challenges to the power of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a>, which no longer had any authority over the two islands. The First Consul of the Republic, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, maintained slavery there, which was never abolished in practice, with the law of 20 May 1802. On 26 September 1806, the island was renamed Île Bonaparte and found itself in the front line of the Franco-British conflict for the control of the Indian Ocean. </p><p>Following climatic catastrophes of 1806-1807 (cyclones, floods), coffee cultivation declined rapidly and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a>, whose demand in France increased, due to France's recent loss of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>, and soon of the Île-de-France (Mauritius). Because of its growth cycle, sugarcane is not affected by cyclones. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the island was invaded by British forces and its governor, General Sainte-Suzanne, was forced to capitulate on 9 July 1810. The island then came under <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British rule</a> and was under British occupation until the end of the Napoleonic period. The old name of Île Bourbon was restored in 1810. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colony_of_Bourbon,_then_Réunion_(1814–1946)"><span id="Colony_of_Bourbon.2C_then_R.C3.A9union_.281814.E2.80.931946.29"></span>Colony of Bourbon, then Réunion (1814–1946)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Colony of Bourbon, then Réunion (1814–1946)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bourbon Island was returned to the French under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">Treaty of Paris</a> of 1814. The slave trade openly operated in the colony after French rule was restored, and despite international condemnation Bourbon Island imported 2,000 slaves every month during the 1820s, mostly from the <a href="/wiki/Swahili_coast" title="Swahili coast">Swahili coast</a> or Quelimane in Portuguese Mozambique.<sup id="cite_ref-Slavery._1980_p._75-76_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slavery._1980_p._75-76-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1841, Edmond Albius' discovery of hand-pollination of <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a> flowers enabled the island to soon become the world's leading vanilla producer. The cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Geranium" title="Geranium">geranium</a>, whose essence is widely used in perfumery, also took off. From 1838 to 1841, Rear-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Anne_Chr%C3%A9tien_Louis_de_Hell" title="Anne Chrétien Louis de Hell">Anne Chrétien Louis de Hell</a> was governor of the island. A profound change of society and mentality linked to the events of the last ten years led the governor to present three emancipation projects to the Colonial Council. </p><p>On 9 June 1848, after the arrival of news of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">French Revolution of 1848</a> from Europe, governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Gra%C3%ABb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Graëb (page does not exist)">Joseph Graëb</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gra%C3%ABb" class="extiw" title="fr:Joseph Graëb">fr</a>]</span> announced the proclamation of the French Republic in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a>, and on that same day the island was definitely renamed "Réunion", the name it had already held between 1793 and 1806. The establishment of the Republic was met with coldness and distrust by the white plantocracy due to the professed abolitionism of the new Republican authorities in Paris. On 18 October 1848, the new <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Republic" title="Commissioner of the Republic">Commissioner of the Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Napol%C3%A9on_S%C3%A9bastien_Sarda_Garriga" title="Joseph Napoléon Sébastien Sarda Garriga">Joseph Napoléon Sébastien Sarda Garriga</a>, sent from Paris to replace Graëb, announced in Saint-Denis the <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_France#End_of_slavery_in_France" title="Slavery in France">abolition of slavery</a> in Réunion, effective on 20 December 1848 (December 20 has been an official holiday in Réunion since then). Louis Henri Hubert Delisle became its first Creole governor on 8 August 1852, and remained in this position until 8 January 1858. </p><p>After abolition, many foreign workers came as <a href="/wiki/Indentured_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured worker">indentured workers</a>. Slavery was replaced by a system of contract labor known as <i>engagés</i>, which lasted from 1848 until 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-Slavery._1980_p._75-77_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slavery._1980_p._75-77-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, an illegal slave trade was conducted in which slaves were acquired from Portuguese Mozambique and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> and then trafficked to Réunion via the <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Comoros" title="Slavery in the Comoros">Comoros slave trade</a>. They were officially called <i>engagés</i> to avoid the anti-slavery British <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Africa" title="Blockade of Africa">blockade of Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Slavery._1980_p._75-77_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slavery._1980_p._75-77-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> in 1869 reduced the importance of the island as a stopover on the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a> trade route <sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and caused a shift in commercial traffic away from the island. Europe increasingly turned to sugar beet to meet its sugar needs. Despite the development policy of the local authorities and the recourse to compromise, the economic crisis became evident from the 1870s onwards. However, this economic depression did not prevent the modernization of the island, with the development of the road network, the creation of the railroad and the construction of the artificial harbor of the Pointe des Galets. These major construction projects offered a welcome alternative for agricultural workers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fete_des_travailleurs_indiens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fete_des_travailleurs_indiens.jpg/220px-Fete_des_travailleurs_indiens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fete_des_travailleurs_indiens.jpg/330px-Fete_des_travailleurs_indiens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fete_des_travailleurs_indiens.jpg/440px-Fete_des_travailleurs_indiens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> festival, 19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Réunion was under the control of <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> until 30 November 1942, when <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free French</a> forces disembarked from the destroyed <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_L%C3%A9opard" title="French destroyer Léopard"><i>Léopard</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_La_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of La Réunion">liberated the colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history_(1946–)"><span id="Modern_history_.281946.E2.80.93.29"></span>Modern history (1946–)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern history (1946–)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Réunion became a <i><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">département d'outre-mer</a></i> (overseas <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">département</a>) of France on 19 March 1946. <a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a> assigned to Réunion the department code <code>974</code>, and the region code <code>04</code> when regional councils were created in 1982 in France, including in existing overseas departments which also became overseas regions. </p><p>Over about two decades in the late 20th century (1963–1982), 1,630 children from La Réunion were relocated to rural areas of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>, particularly to <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>, ostensibly for education and work opportunities. That program was led by influential <a href="/wiki/Gaullist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaullist">Gaullist</a> politician <a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Michel Debré</a>, who was an MP for La Réunion at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these children were abused or disadvantaged by the families with whom they were placed. Known as the <a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_Creuse" title="The Children of Creuse">Children of Creuse</a>, they and their fate came to light in 2002 when one of them, Jean-Jacques Martial, filed suit against the French state for kidnapping and deportation of a minor.<sup id="cite_ref-Martial2003_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martial2003-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other similar lawsuits were filed over the following years, but all were dismissed by French courts and finally by the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005 and 2006, La Réunion was hit by a crippling epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Chikungunya" title="Chikungunya">chikungunya</a>, a disease spread by mosquitoes. According to the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 255,000 people on La Réunion had contracted the disease as of 26 April 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The neighbouring islands of Mauritius and Madagascar also suffered epidemics of this disease during the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few cases also appeared in mainland France, carried by people travelling by airline. The French government of <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a> sent an emergency aid package worth €36 million and deployed about 500 troops in an effort to eradicate mosquitoes on the island.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Politics of Réunion">Politics of Réunion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Elections in Réunion">Elections in Réunion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/310px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/465px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png/620px-EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png 2x" data-file-width="2206" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>Map of the European Union (pre <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> on 31 January 2020) in the world, with overseas countries and territories and outermost regions</figcaption></figure> <p>La Réunion sends seven deputies to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">French National Assembly</a> and three senators to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of France">Senate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status">Status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Réunion is an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department and region of France</a> (known in French as a <i>département et région d'outre-mer</i>, DROM) governed by article 73 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">Constitution of France</a>, under which the laws and regulations are applicable as of right, as in metropolitan France.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus, Réunion has a regional council and a departmental council. These territorial entities have the same general powers as the departments and regions of metropolitan France, albeit with some adaptations. Article 73 of the constitution provides for the possibility of replacing the region and the department by a single territorial entity, but, unlike <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> or <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, there are currently no plans to do so. Unlike the other DROMs, the constitution explicitly excludes Réunion from the possibility of receiving authorization from Parliament to set certain rules itself, either by law or by the national executive.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state is represented in Réunion by a <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">prefect</a>. The territory is divided into four districts (Saint-Benoît, Saint-Denis, Saint-Paul and Saint-Pierre). Réunion has 24 municipalities organized into 5 agglomeration communities. From the point of view of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, Réunion is considered an "outermost region.” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geopolitics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The positioning of La Réunion Island has given it a more or less important strategic role depending on the period. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG/300px-B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG/450px-B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG/600px-B%C3%A2timent-Palais-Source.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Palais de la Source, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Departmental Council of Réunion">Departmental Council of Réunion</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Already at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discovery_of_the_sea_route_to_India" title="Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India">India Route</a> or <i>Route des Indes,</i> Réunion was a French possession located between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> and the Indian trading posts, although far from the <a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a>. Île de Bourbon (its name under the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a>) was not, however, the preferred position for trade and military. Governor Labourdonnais claimed that Île de France (Mauritius) was a land of opportunity, thanks to its topography and the presence of two natural harbours. He intended Île de Bourbon to be a depot or an emergency base for Île de France.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> diverted much of the maritime traffic from the southern Indian Ocean and reduced the strategic importance of the island. This decline is confirmed by the importance given to Madagascar, which was later colonized.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the island, the seat of a <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">defense</a> and security zone, is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">French Armed Forces</a> of the Southern Indian Ocean Zone (FAZSOI), which brings together French Army units stationed in La Réunion and Mayotte. Réunion is also a base for the so-called <a href="/wiki/Frenchelon" title="Frenchelon">Frenchelon</a> <a href="/wiki/Signal_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal intelligence">signal intelligence</a> system, whose infrastructure includes a mobile listening and automatic search unit. Saint-Pierre is also the headquarters of the mostly uninhabited <a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> (<i>Terres australes et antarctiques françaises</i>, TAAF). Because of France's possession of Réunion, France is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Commission" title="Indian Ocean Commission">Indian Ocean Commission</a>, which also includes the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Arrondissements of the Réunion department">Arrondissements of the Réunion department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Cantons of the Réunion department">Cantons of the Réunion department</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Communes of the Réunion department">Communes of the Réunion department</a></div> <p>Administratively, La Réunion is divided into 24 <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France"><i>communes</i></a> (municipalities) grouped into four <a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France"><i>arrondissements</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also subdivided into 25 <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">cantons</a>, meaningful only for electoral purposes at the departmental or regional level. It is a French overseas department, hence a French overseas region. The low number of <i>communes</i>, compared with French metropolitan departments of similar size and population, is unique: most of its <i>communes</i> encompass several localities, sometimes separated by significant distances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipalities_(communes)"><span id="Municipalities_.28communes.29"></span>Municipalities (<i>communes</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Municipalities (communes)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Population (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-pop2019_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2019-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Coat of arms </th> <th>Arrondissement </th> <th>Map </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_Avirons" title="Les Avirons">Les Avirons</a> </td> <td>26.27 </td> <td>11,440 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_DomFr_Les_Avirons_(La_R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Blason_ville_DomFr_Les_Avirons_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Les_Avirons_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Blason_ville_DomFr_Les_Avirons_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Les_Avirons_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Blason_ville_DomFr_Les_Avirons_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Les_Avirons_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Les_Avirons_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Locator_map_of_Les_Avirons_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Les_Avirons_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Locator_map_of_Les_Avirons_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Les_Avirons_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Locator_map_of_Les_Avirons_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Les_Avirons_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bras-Panon" title="Bras-Panon">Bras-Panon</a> </td> <td>88.55 </td> <td>13,057 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Ville_Fr_Bras-Panon_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_Ville_Fr_Bras-Panon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_Ville_Fr_Bras-Panon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_Ville_Fr_Bras-Panon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_Ville_Fr_Bras-Panon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Blason_Ville_Fr_Bras-Panon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_Ville_Fr_Bras-Panon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Benoît">Saint-Benoît</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Bras-Panon_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Locator_map_of_Bras-Panon_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Bras-Panon_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Locator_map_of_Bras-Panon_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Bras-Panon_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Locator_map_of_Bras-Panon_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Bras-Panon_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cilaos" title="Cilaos">Cilaos</a> </td> <td>84.4 </td> <td>5,538 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_DomFr_Cilaos_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Blason_ville_DomFr_Cilaos_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Cilaos_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Blason_ville_DomFr_Cilaos_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Cilaos_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Blason_ville_DomFr_Cilaos_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Cilaos_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Cilaos_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Locator_map_of_Cilaos_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Cilaos_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Locator_map_of_Cilaos_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Cilaos_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Locator_map_of_Cilaos_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Cilaos_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Entre-Deux" title="Entre-Deux">Entre-Deux</a> </td> <td>66.83 </td> <td>6,927 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_DomFr_Entre-Deux_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Blason_ville_DomFr_Entre-Deux_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Entre-Deux_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Blason_ville_DomFr_Entre-Deux_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Entre-Deux_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Blason_ville_DomFr_Entre-Deux_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Entre-Deux_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Entre-Deux_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Locator_map_of_Entre-Deux_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Entre-Deux_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Locator_map_of_Entre-Deux_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Entre-Deux_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Locator_map_of_Entre-Deux_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Entre-Deux_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9" title="L'Étang-Salé">L'Étang-Salé</a> </td> <td>38.65 </td> <td>14,059 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_DomFr_%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Blason_ville_DomFr_%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_DomFr_%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Blason_ville_DomFr_%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_DomFr_%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Blason_ville_DomFr_%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_DomFr_%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_L%E2%80%99%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Locator_map_of_L%E2%80%99%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_L%E2%80%99%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Locator_map_of_L%E2%80%99%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_L%E2%80%99%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Locator_map_of_L%E2%80%99%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_L%E2%80%99%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petite-%C3%8Ele" title="Petite-Île">Petite-Île</a> </td> <td>33.93 </td> <td>12,395 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_Fr_Petite-Ile_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blason_ville_Fr_Petite-Ile_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_Fr_Petite-Ile_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blason_ville_Fr_Petite-Ile_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_Fr_Petite-Ile_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blason_ville_Fr_Petite-Ile_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_Fr_Petite-Ile_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Petite-%C3%8Ele_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Locator_map_of_Petite-%C3%8Ele_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Petite-%C3%8Ele_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Locator_map_of_Petite-%C3%8Ele_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Petite-%C3%8Ele_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Locator_map_of_Petite-%C3%8Ele_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Petite-%C3%8Ele_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Plaine-des-Palmistes" title="La Plaine-des-Palmistes">La Plaine-des-Palmistes</a> </td> <td>83.19 </td> <td>6,626 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Benoît">Saint-Benoît</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_La_Plaine-des-Palmistes_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Locator_map_of_La_Plaine-des-Palmistes_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_La_Plaine-des-Palmistes_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Locator_map_of_La_Plaine-des-Palmistes_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_La_Plaine-des-Palmistes_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Locator_map_of_La_Plaine-des-Palmistes_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_La_Plaine-des-Palmistes_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Le_Port,_R%C3%A9union" title="Le Port, Réunion">Le Port</a> </td> <td>16.62 </td> <td>32,977 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LOGO_LE_PORT_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LOGO_LE_PORT_2016.jpg/40px-LOGO_LE_PORT_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LOGO_LE_PORT_2016.jpg/60px-LOGO_LE_PORT_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/LOGO_LE_PORT_2016.jpg/80px-LOGO_LE_PORT_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="813" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Paul" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Paul">Saint-Paul</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Le_Port_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Le_Port_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Le_Port_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Le_Port_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Le_Port_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Le_Port_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Le_Port_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Possession" title="La Possession">La Possession</a> </td> <td>118.35 </td> <td>32,985 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_DomFr_La_Possession_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blason_ville_DomFr_La_Possession_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_DomFr_La_Possession_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blason_ville_DomFr_La_Possession_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_DomFr_La_Possession_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blason_ville_DomFr_La_Possession_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_DomFr_La_Possession_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="657" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Paul" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Paul">Saint-Paul</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_La_Possession_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Locator_map_of_La_Possession_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_La_Possession_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Locator_map_of_La_Possession_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_La_Possession_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Locator_map_of_La_Possession_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_La_Possession_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-André, Réunion">Saint-André</a> </td> <td>53.07 </td> <td>56,902 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Benoît">Saint-Benoît</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Locator_map_of_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Locator_map_of_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Locator_map_of_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Andr%C3%A9_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Benoît, Réunion">Saint-Benoît</a> </td> <td>229.61 </td> <td>37,036 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Benoît">Saint-Benoît</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Locator_map_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Locator_map_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Locator_map_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> </td> <td>142.79 </td> <td>153,810 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/40px-Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/60px-Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/80px-Blason_St-Denis_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Denis_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Locator_map_of_Saint-Denis_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Denis_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Locator_map_of_Saint-Denis_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Denis_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Locator_map_of_Saint-Denis_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Denis_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Joseph,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Joseph, Réunion">Saint-Joseph</a> </td> <td>178.5 </td> <td>37,918 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ville_de_Saint-Joseph_(R%C3%A9union).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ville_de_Saint-Joseph_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png/40px-Ville_de_Saint-Joseph_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ville_de_Saint-Joseph_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png/60px-Ville_de_Saint-Joseph_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ville_de_Saint-Joseph_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png/80px-Ville_de_Saint-Joseph_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="645" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Joseph_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Locator_map_of_Saint-Joseph_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Joseph_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Locator_map_of_Saint-Joseph_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Joseph_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Locator_map_of_Saint-Joseph_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Joseph_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Leu,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Leu, Réunion">Saint-Leu</a> </td> <td>118.37 </td> <td>34,586 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Leu_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Leu_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Leu_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Leu_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Leu_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Leu_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Leu_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="657" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Paul" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Paul">Saint-Paul</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Leu_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Locator_map_of_Saint-Leu_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Leu_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Locator_map_of_Saint-Leu_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Leu_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Locator_map_of_Saint-Leu_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Leu_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Louis, Réunion">Saint-Louis</a> </td> <td>98.9 </td> <td>53,120 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Louis_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Louis_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Louis_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Louis_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Louis_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Louis_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Saint-Louis_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Louis_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a> </td> <td>241.28 </td> <td>103,208 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Paul_(La_R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Paul_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Paul_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Paul_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Paul_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Paul_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Paul_%28La_R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Paul" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Paul">Saint-Paul</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Paul_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Saint-Paul_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Paul_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Saint-Paul_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Paul_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Locator_map_of_Saint-Paul_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Paul_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Philippe" title="Saint-Philippe">Saint-Philippe</a> </td> <td>153.94 </td> <td>5,198 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Philippe_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Locator_map_of_Saint-Philippe_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Philippe_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Locator_map_of_Saint-Philippe_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Philippe_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Locator_map_of_Saint-Philippe_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Philippe_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td>95.99 </td> <td>84,982 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_St-Pierre_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Blason_St-Pierre_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/40px-Blason_St-Pierre_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Blason_St-Pierre_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/60px-Blason_St-Pierre_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Blason_St-Pierre_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/80px-Blason_St-Pierre_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Saint-Pierre_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Locator_map_of_Saint-Pierre_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Pierre_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Locator_map_of_Saint-Pierre_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Pierre_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Locator_map_of_Saint-Pierre_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Saint-Pierre_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Marie, Réunion">Sainte-Marie</a> </td> <td>87.21 </td> <td>34,061 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_DomFr_Sainte-Marie_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blason_ville_DomFr_Sainte-Marie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Sainte-Marie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blason_ville_DomFr_Sainte-Marie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Sainte-Marie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Blason_ville_DomFr_Sainte-Marie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_ville_DomFr_Sainte-Marie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="657" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Sainte-Marie_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Marie_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Marie_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Marie_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Marie_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Marie_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Marie_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Rose,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Rose, Réunion">Sainte-Rose</a> </td> <td>177.6 </td> <td>6,345 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Benoît">Saint-Benoît</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Rose_-_R%C3%A9union_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Suzanne,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion">Sainte-Suzanne</a> </td> <td>58.84 </td> <td>24,065 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Sainte-Suzanne_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Suzanne_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Suzanne_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Suzanne_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Suzanne_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Locator_map_of_Sainte-Suzanne_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Sainte-Suzanne_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Salazie" title="Salazie">Salazie</a> </td> <td>103.82 </td> <td>7,136 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_DomFr_Salazie_(R%C3%A9union).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Blason_DomFr_Salazie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/40px-Blason_DomFr_Salazie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Blason_DomFr_Salazie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/60px-Blason_DomFr_Salazie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Blason_DomFr_Salazie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg/80px-Blason_DomFr_Salazie_%28R%C3%A9union%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Beno%C3%AEt" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Benoît">Saint-Benoît</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Salazie_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Locator_map_of_Salazie_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Salazie_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Locator_map_of_Salazie_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Salazie_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Locator_map_of_Salazie_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Salazie_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Le_Tampon" title="Le Tampon">Le Tampon</a> </td> <td>165.43 </td> <td>79,824 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ville_du_Tampon_(R%C3%A9union).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ville_du_Tampon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png/40px-Ville_du_Tampon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ville_du_Tampon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png/60px-Ville_du_Tampon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ville_du_Tampon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png/80px-Ville_du_Tampon_%28R%C3%A9union%29.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="799" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Le_Tampon_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Locator_map_of_Le_Tampon_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Le_Tampon_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Locator_map_of_Le_Tampon_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Le_Tampon_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Locator_map_of_Le_Tampon_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Le_Tampon_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_Trois-Bassins" title="Les Trois-Bassins">Les Trois-Bassins</a> </td> <td>42.58 </td> <td>7,015 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Paul" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Paul">Saint-Paul</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_of_Les_Trois-Bassins_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Locator_map_of_Les_Trois-Bassins_2018.png/50px-Locator_map_of_Les_Trois-Bassins_2018.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Locator_map_of_Les_Trois-Bassins_2018.png/75px-Locator_map_of_Les_Trois-Bassins_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Locator_map_of_Les_Trois-Bassins_2018.png/100px-Locator_map_of_Les_Trois-Bassins_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3313" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tribunal-grande-instance-Saint-Denis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tribunal-grande-instance-Saint-Denis.JPG/300px-Tribunal-grande-instance-Saint-Denis.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tribunal-grande-instance-Saint-Denis.JPG/450px-Tribunal-grande-instance-Saint-Denis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tribunal-grande-instance-Saint-Denis.JPG/600px-Tribunal-grande-instance-Saint-Denis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The High Court (Tribunal de grande instance) in Saint-Denis, Réunion.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>communes</i> voluntarily grouped themselves into five groups for cooperating in some domains, apart from the four <i>arrondissements</i> to which they belong for purposes of national laws and executive regulation. After some changes in their composition, name and status, all of them operate with the status of <a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_communities_in_France" title="Agglomeration communities in France">agglomeration communities</a>, and apply their own local taxation (in addition to national, regional, departmental, and municipal taxes) and have an autonomous budget decided by the assembly representing all member communes. This budget is also partly funded by the state, the region, the department, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> for some development and investment programs. Every <i>commune</i> in Réunion is now a member of such an intercommunality, with its own taxation, to which member communes have delegated their authority in various areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although diplomacy, military, and French government matters are handled by Paris, La Réunion is a member of <a href="/wiki/La_Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="La Francophonie">La Francophonie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Commission" title="Indian Ocean Commission">Indian Ocean Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">International Trade Union Confederation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Port_Management_Association_of_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa">Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">World Federation of Trade Unions</a> in its own right. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defence">Defence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">French Armed Forces</a> are responsible for the defence of the department. These forces also contribute to the defence of other French territories in the region, including <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a>. A total of some 2,000 French troops are deployed in the region, mostly in La Réunion centred on the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Marine_Infantry_Parachute_Regiment" title="2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment">2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment</a>. Two <a href="/wiki/CASA/IPTN_CN-235" title="CASA/IPTN CN-235">CASA CN 235</a> aircraft, forming air detachment 181 and drawn from the 50th Air Transport squadron, provide a modest air transport and surveillance capability.<sup id="cite_ref-sudindien_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sudindien-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> demonstrated a capacity to reinforce the territory by deploying two <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Rafale</a> fighter aircraft, supported by an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330_MRTT" title="Airbus A330 MRTT">A330 MRTT Phénix</a> tanker, from France to Réunion for a regional exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French naval presence includes two <a href="/wiki/Flor%C3%A9al-class_frigate" title="Floréal-class frigate"><i>Floréal</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Flor%C3%A9al" title="French frigate Floréal"><i>Floréal</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Niv%C3%B4se" title="French frigate Nivôse"><i>Nivôse</i></a>, the icebreaker <a href="/wiki/L%27Astrolabe_(2016_icebreaker)" title="L'Astrolabe (2016 icebreaker)"><i>L'Astrolabe</i></a>, the patrol and support ship <a href="/wiki/D%27Entrecasteaux-class_patrol_ship" title="D'Entrecasteaux-class patrol ship"><i>Champlain</i></a> and the coast guard vessel <i>Le Malin</i>. The <a href="/wiki/French_Naval_Aviation" title="French Naval Aviation">naval aviation element</a> includes a <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS565_Panther" title="Eurocopter AS565 Panther">Eurocopter AS565 Panther</a> helicopter from Flottille 36F able to embark on the <i>Floréal</i>-class frigates as required.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sudindien_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sudindien-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2025, the helicopter is to be replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS365_Dauphin" title="Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin">AS 365N Dauphin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2025, <i>Le Malin</i> is to be replaced by <i>Auguste Techer</i>, a vessel of the new <a href="/wiki/Patrouilleur_Outre-mer" title="Patrouilleur Outre-mer"><i>Félix Éboué</i> class</a> of patrol vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French Navy will further reinforce its offshore patrol capabilities in the region by deploying a second vessel of the class (<i>Félix Éboué</i>) to Réunion by 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NavalNews2021_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NavalNews2021-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 800 <a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie" title="National Gendarmerie">National Gendarmerie</a>, including one mobile squadron and one high mountain platoon, are also stationed in Réunion.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Gendarmerie" title="Maritime Gendarmerie">Maritime Gendarmerie</a> has also operated the patrol boat <a href="/wiki/Vedette_c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re_de_surveillance_maritime" title="Vedette côtière de surveillance maritime"><i>Verdon</i></a> in the territory<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though she was reported forward deployed in Mayotte as of 2022).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Geography of Réunion">Geography of Réunion</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:550px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:550px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:550px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_R%C3%A9union_department_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Réunion is located in Réunion"><img alt="Réunion is located in Réunion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/La_R%C3%A9union_department_location_map.svg/550px-La_R%C3%A9union_department_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="511" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/La_R%C3%A9union_department_location_map.svg/825px-La_R%C3%A9union_department_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/La_R%C3%A9union_department_location_map.svg/1100px-La_R%C3%A9union_department_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="964" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_R%C3%A9union_department_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/La_R%C3%A9union_department_relief_location_map.jpg/550px-La_R%C3%A9union_department_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="511" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/La_R%C3%A9union_department_relief_location_map.jpg/825px-La_R%C3%A9union_department_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/La_R%C3%A9union_department_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="964" /></a></span></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:4.615%;left:6.667%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: NavyC; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>INDIAN OCEAN</b></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.007%;left:44.003%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Piton des Neiges 3 071 m"><img alt="Piton des Neiges 3 071 m" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/BlackMountain.svg/20px-BlackMountain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/BlackMountain.svg/30px-BlackMountain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/BlackMountain.svg/40px-BlackMountain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="470" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Piton_des_Neiges" title="Piton des Neiges"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Maroon; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>Piton des Neiges</b><br />3 071 m</span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.322%;left:75.686%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Piton de la Fournaise 2 632 m"><img alt="Piton de la Fournaise 2 632 m" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RedMountain.svg/20px-RedMountain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RedMountain.svg/30px-RedMountain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/RedMountain.svg/40px-RedMountain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="470" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Piton_de_la_Fournaise" title="Piton de la Fournaise"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Maroon; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>Piton de la Fournaise</b><br /> 2 632 m</span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.277%;left:46.413%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Pluies" title="Rivière des Pluies"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Teal; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Rivière des Pluies</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.369%;left:63.12%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_du_M%C3%A2t" title="Rivière du Mât"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Teal; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Rivière du Mât</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.031%;left:33.293%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Galets_(R%C3%A9union)" title="Rivière des Galets (Réunion)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Teal; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Rivière des Galets</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.738%;left:65.227%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Marsouins" title="Rivière des Marsouins"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Teal; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Rivière des Marsouins</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.708%;left:77.68%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_de_l%27Est" title="Rivière de l'Est"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Teal; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Rivière de l'Est</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.569%;left:61.747%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_des_Remparts" title="Rivière des Remparts"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Teal; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Rivière des Remparts</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.569%;left:35.893%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:1px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_Saint-%C3%89tienne_(R%C3%A9union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivière Saint-Étienne (Réunion)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Teal; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Rivière Saint-Étienne</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.138%;left:39.747%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Denis"><img alt="Saint-Denis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/City_locator_1.svg/20px-City_locator_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/City_locator_1.svg/30px-City_locator_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/City_locator_1.svg/40px-City_locator_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis_(La_R%C3%A9union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Denis (La Réunion)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-Denis</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.246%;left:60.96%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sainte- Suzanne"><img alt="Sainte- Suzanne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Suzanne,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Sainte-<br />Suzanne</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.908%;left:53.227%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sainte- Marie"><img alt="Sainte- Marie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Marie, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Sainte-<br />Marie</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.985%;left:75.04%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Benoît"><img alt="Saint-Benoît" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/15px-City_locator_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/23px-City_locator_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/30px-City_locator_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:9px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Benoît, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-Benoît</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.708%;left:66.747%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-André"><img alt="Saint-André" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-André, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-André</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.154%;left:72.213%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bras-Panon"><img alt="Bras-Panon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Bras-Panon" title="Bras-Panon"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Bras-Panon</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.046%;left:52.053%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Salazie"><img alt="Salazie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Salazie" title="Salazie"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Salazie</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.538%;left:63.413%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="La Plaine-des-Palmistes"><img alt="La Plaine-des-Palmistes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/La_Plaine-des-Palmistes" title="La Plaine-des-Palmistes"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>La Plaine-des-Palmistes</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.338%;left:85.627%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sainte-Rose"><img alt="Sainte-Rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Rose,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Rose, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Sainte-Rose</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.262%;left:15.96%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Paul"><img alt="Saint-Paul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/15px-City_locator_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/23px-City_locator_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/30px-City_locator_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-Paul</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.831%;left:18.293%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Le Port"><img alt="Le Port" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Le_Port,_R%C3%A9union" title="Le Port, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Le Port</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.262%;left:24.653%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="La Possession"><img alt="La Possession" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/La_Possession" title="La Possession"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>La Possession</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.369%;left:18.253%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Leu"><img alt="Saint-Leu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Leu,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Leu, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-Leu</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.046%;left:19.333%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Les Trois-Bassins"><img alt="Les Trois-Bassins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Les_Trois-Bassins" title="Les Trois-Bassins"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Les Trois-Bassins</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.385%;left:43.733%;font-size:80%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Pierre"><img alt="Saint-Pierre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/15px-City_locator_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/23px-City_locator_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/City_locator_2.svg/30px-City_locator_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-Pierre</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.985%;left:24.44%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Les Avirons"><img alt="Les Avirons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Les_Avirons" title="Les Avirons"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Les Avirons</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.646%;left:28.88%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="L'Étang-Salé"><img alt="L'Étang-Salé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89tang-Sal%C3%A9" title="L'Étang-Salé"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>L'Étang-Salé</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.877%;left:34.56%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Louis"><img alt="Saint-Louis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Louis, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-Louis</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.585%;left:42.813%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cilaos"><img alt="Cilaos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Cilaos" title="Cilaos"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Cilaos</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.569%;left:42.533%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Entre-Deux"><img alt="Entre-Deux" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Entre-Deux" title="Entre-Deux"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Entre-Deux</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.569%;left:48.72%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Le Tampon"><img alt="Le Tampon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Le_Tampon" title="Le Tampon"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Le Tampon</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.354%;left:55.507%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Petite-Île"><img alt="Petite-Île" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Petite-%C3%8Ele" title="Petite-Île"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Petite-Île</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:89.015%;left:62.56%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Joseph"><img alt="Saint-Joseph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Joseph,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Joseph, Réunion"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-Joseph</b></i></span></a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:86.062%;left:82.373%;font-size:70%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Philippe"><img alt="Saint-Philippe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/5px-Location_dot_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/8px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Location_dot_black.svg/10px-Location_dot_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Saint-Philippe" title="Saint-Philippe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: LinkBlue; text-decoration: inherit;"><i><b>Saint-Philippe</b></i></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The island is 63 km (39 mi) long; 45 km (28 mi) wide; and covers 2,512 km<sup>2</sup> (970 sq mi). It is above a <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspot</a> in the Earth's crust. The <a href="/wiki/Piton_de_la_Fournaise" title="Piton de la Fournaise">Piton de la Fournaise</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a> on the eastern end of La Réunion, rises more than 2,631 m (8,632 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> and is sometimes called a sister to Hawaiian volcanoes because of the similarity of climate and volcanic nature. It has erupted more than 100 times since 1640, and is under constant monitoring, most recently erupting on 2 July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During another eruption in April 2007, the lava flow was estimated at 3,000,000 m<sup>3</sup> (3,900,000 cu yd) per day.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hotspot that fuels Piton de la Fournaise also created the islands of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rodrigues_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigues (island)">Rodrigues</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Piton_des_Neiges" title="Piton des Neiges">Piton des Neiges</a> volcano, the highest point on the island at 3,070 m (10,070 ft) above sea level, is northwest of the Piton de la Fournaise. Collapsed calderas and canyons are south west of the mountain. While the Piton de la Fournaise is one of Earth's most active volcanoes, the Piton des Neiges is dormant. Its name is French for "peak of snows", but snowfall on the summit of the mountain is rare. The slopes of both volcanoes are heavily forested. Cultivated land and cities like the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> are concentrated on the surrounding coastal lowlands. Offshore, part of the west coast is characterised by a <a href="/wiki/Reunion_Island%27s_coral_reef" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunion Island's coral reef">coral reef system</a>. Réunion also has three <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">calderas</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Cirque_de_Salazie" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirque de Salazie">Cirque de Salazie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cilaos" title="Cilaos">Cirque de Cilaos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cirque_de_Mafate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirque de Mafate">Cirque de Mafate</a>. The last is accessible only on foot or by helicopter. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ppalmistes2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plaine-des-Palmistes"><img alt="Plaine-des-Palmistes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ppalmistes2.jpg/240px-Ppalmistes2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ppalmistes2.jpg/360px-Ppalmistes2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Ppalmistes2.jpg/480px-Ppalmistes2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Plaine-des-Palmistes" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaine-des-Palmistes">Plaine-des-Palmistes</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_r%C3%A9union_0700a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cirque de Mafate is a caldera formed from the collapse of the large shield volcano the Piton des Neiges."><img alt="Cirque de Mafate is a caldera formed from the collapse of the large shield volcano the Piton des Neiges." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/La_r%C3%A9union_0700a.jpg/270px-La_r%C3%A9union_0700a.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/La_r%C3%A9union_0700a.jpg/405px-La_r%C3%A9union_0700a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/La_r%C3%A9union_0700a.jpg/540px-La_r%C3%A9union_0700a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mafate" title="Mafate">Cirque de Mafate</a> is a caldera formed from the collapse of the large <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a> the <i><a href="/wiki/Piton_des_Neiges" title="Piton des Neiges">Piton des Neiges</a></i>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reunion_21.12S_55.51E.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Réunion from space (NASA image): The three cirques, forming a kind of three-leafed clover shape, are visible in the central north west of the image. Piton de la Fournaise is in the south east."><img alt="Réunion from space (NASA image): The three cirques, forming a kind of three-leafed clover shape, are visible in the central north west of the image. Piton de la Fournaise is in the south east." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Reunion_21.12S_55.51E.jpg/210px-Reunion_21.12S_55.51E.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Reunion_21.12S_55.51E.jpg/314px-Reunion_21.12S_55.51E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Reunion_21.12S_55.51E.jpg/419px-Reunion_21.12S_55.51E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="2768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Réunion from space (NASA image): The three cirques, forming a kind of three-leafed clover shape, are visible in the central north west of the image. Piton de la Fournaise is in the south east.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volcanreunion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lava flow emitted in 2005 by the Piton de la Fournaise"><img alt="Lava flow emitted in 2005 by the Piton de la Fournaise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Volcanreunion.jpg/240px-Volcanreunion.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Volcanreunion.jpg/360px-Volcanreunion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Volcanreunion.jpg/480px-Volcanreunion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lava flow emitted in 2005 by the <a href="/wiki/Piton_de_la_Fournaise" title="Piton de la Fournaise">Piton de la Fournaise</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Ermitage_beach,_R%C3%A9union.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Plage de l'Ermitage" beach"><img alt=""Plage de l'Ermitage" beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/L%27Ermitage_beach%2C_R%C3%A9union.jpg/252px-L%27Ermitage_beach%2C_R%C3%A9union.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/L%27Ermitage_beach%2C_R%C3%A9union.jpg/378px-L%27Ermitage_beach%2C_R%C3%A9union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/L%27Ermitage_beach%2C_R%C3%A9union.jpg/504px-L%27Ermitage_beach%2C_R%C3%A9union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2545" data-file-height="1818" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Plage de l'Ermitage" beach</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology_and_relief">Geology and relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geology and relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Réunion is a volcanic island born some three million years ago<sup id="cite_ref-:1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the emergence of the Piton des Neiges volcano. It has an altitude of 3,070.5 m (10,074 ft), the highest peak in the Mascarene Islands and the Indian Ocean. The eastern part of the island is constituted by the Piton de la Fournaise, a much more recent volcano (500,000 years old) which is considered one of the most active on the planet. The emerged part of the island represents only a small percentage (about 3%) of the underwater mountain that forms it. </p><p>In addition to volcanism, the <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> of the island is very uneven due to active erosion. The center shelters three vast cirques dug by erosion (Salazie, Mafate and Cilaos) and the slopes of the island are furrowed by numerous rivers digging gullies, estimated at least 600,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> generally deep and whose torrents cut the sides of the mountains up to several hundreds of meters deep. </p><p>The ancient massif of the Piton des Neiges is separated from the <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massif</a> of La Fournaise by a gap formed by the plaine des Palmistes and the plaine des Cafres, a passageway between the east and the south of the island. Apart from the plains, the coastal areas are generally the flattest regions, especially in the north and west of the island. The coastline of the wild south is however steeper. </p><p>Between the coastal fringe and the Hauts, there is a steep transitional zone whose gradient varies considerably before arriving at the ridge lines setting the cirques or the Enclos, the <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> of the Piton de la Fournaise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Climat_R%C3%A9union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Climat_R%C3%A9union.jpg/400px-Climat_R%C3%A9union.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Climat_R%C3%A9union.jpg/600px-Climat_R%C3%A9union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Climat_R%C3%A9union.jpg/800px-Climat_R%C3%A9union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> map of Réunion</figcaption></figure> <p>La Réunion is characterized by a humid <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a>, tempered by the oceanic influence of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade wind">trade winds</a> blowing from east to west. The climate of Réunion is characterized by its great variability, mainly due to the imposing relief of the island, which is at the origin of numerous microclimates. </p><p>As a result, there are strong disparities in rainfall between the windward coast in the east and the leeward coast in the west, and in temperature between the warmer coastal areas and the relatively cooler highland areas. </p><p>In La Réunion there are two distinct seasons, defined by the rainfall regime: </p> <ul><li>a rainy season from January to March, during which most of the year's rain falls;</li> <li>a dry season from May to November. However, in the eastern part and in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a>, rainfall can be significant even in the dry season;</li></ul> <p>April and December are transition months, sometimes very rainy but also very dry. </p><p>Pointe des Trois Bassins, located on the coast of the commune of Trois-Bassins (west), is the driest season, with a normal annual precipitation of 447.7 mm (17.63 in), while Le Baril, in Saint-Philippe (southeast), is the wettest coastal season, with a normal annual precipitation of 4,256.2 mm (167.57 in).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the wettest station is in the highlands of Sainte-Rose, with an average annual rainfall of almost 11,000 mm (430 in), making it one of the wettest places in the world. </p><p>Temperatures in La Réunion are characterized by their great mildness throughout the year. In fact, the thermal amplitude from one season to another is relatively small (rarely exceeding 10 °C or 18 °F), although it is perceptible: </p> <ul><li>In the warm season (November to April): average minimums usually range between 21 and 24 °C (70 and 75 °F), and average maximums between 28 and 31 °C (82 and 88 °F), on the coast. At 1,000 m (3,300 ft), average minimums fluctuate between 10 and 14 °C (50 and 57 °F) and average maximums between 21 and 24 °C (70 and 75 °F);</li> <li>In the cold season (May to October): temperatures at sea level vary from 17 to 20 °C (63 to 68 °F) for average minimums and from 26 to 28 °C (79 to 82 °F) for average maximums. At 1,000 m (3,300 ft), average minimums range from 8 to 10 °C (46 to 50 °F) and average maximums from 17 to 21 °C (63 to 70 °F).</li></ul> <p>In mountain towns, such as <a href="/wiki/Cilaos" title="Cilaos">Cilaos</a> or La Plaine-des-Palmistes, average temperatures range between 12 and 22 °C (54 and 72 °F). The highest parts of the habitat and the natural areas at altitude may suffer some winter frosts. Snow was even observed on the Piton des Neiges and Piton de la Fournaise in 2003 and 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The warmest day on record set on 30 January 2022. In the cold pole of the La Réunion (all-time low −5 °C or 23 °F) Gite de Bellecombe (2,245 m or 7,365 ft <a href="/wiki/AMSL" class="mw-redirect" title="AMSL">AMSL</a>) with a maximum temperature of 25.4 °C (77.7 °F) on 30 January. It beats the previous record of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) set in 2021 and 2021. </p><p>While a growing number of islands (including "non-sovereign" islands) in the world are concerned about the effects of climate change, the island of Réunion was chosen (along with <a href="/wiki/Gran_Canaria" title="Gran Canaria">Gran Canaria</a> in Spain) as an example for a case study of an affected ultra-European peripheral territory, for a study on the adequacy of urban and regional planning tools to the needs and characteristics of these islands (including land use and population density and the regulatory framework). </p><p>This work confirmed that urban and peri-urban land use pressures are high, and that adaptation strategies are incompletely integrated into land use planning. According to the Institute of Island Studies, there is a dysfunction: "island planning tools often do not take <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">climate change adaptation</a> into account and there is too much top-down management in the decision-making process".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Réunion holds the world records for the most rainfall in 12-, 24-, 72- and 96-hour periods,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) in 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-24hrrain_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24hrrain-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beaches">Beaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Beaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Réunion hosts many tropical and unique beaches. They are often equipped with barbecues, amenities, and parking spaces. Hermitage Beach is the most extensive and best-preserved lagoon in Réunion Island and a popular snorkelling location.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a white sand beach lined with casuarina trees under which the locals often organise picnics. La Plage des Brisants is a well-known surfing spot, with many athletic and leisurely activities taking place. Each November, a film festival is also organised in La Plage des Brisants. Movies are projected on a large screen in front of a crowd. Beaches at Boucan Canot are surrounded by a stretch of restaurants that particularly cater to tourists. L'Étang-Salé on the west coast is a particularly unique beach as it is covered in black sand consisting of tiny fragments of basalt. This occurs when lava contacts water, it cools rapidly and shatters into the sand and fragmented debris of various size. Much of the debris is small enough to be considered sand. Grand Anse is a tropical white-sand beach lined with coconut trees in the south of Réunion, with a rock pool built for swimmers, a <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque">pétanque</a> playground, and a picnic area. Le Vieux Port in Saint Philippe is a green-sand beach consisting of tiny olivine crystals, formed by the 2007 lava flow, making it one of the youngest beaches on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Anse_Beach_Reunion_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunset at Grand Anse beach Réunion Island"><img alt="Sunset at Grand Anse beach Réunion Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Grand_Anse_Beach_Reunion_Island.jpg/120px-Grand_Anse_Beach_Reunion_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Grand_Anse_Beach_Reunion_Island.jpg/180px-Grand_Anse_Beach_Reunion_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Grand_Anse_Beach_Reunion_Island.jpg/240px-Grand_Anse_Beach_Reunion_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4169" data-file-height="2978" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sunset at Grand Anse beach Réunion Island</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunch_on_the_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Restaurants along Boucan Canot beach[51]"><img alt="Restaurants along Boucan Canot beach[51]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lunch_on_the_beach.jpg/120px-Lunch_on_the_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lunch_on_the_beach.jpg/180px-Lunch_on_the_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Lunch_on_the_beach.jpg/240px-Lunch_on_the_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Restaurants along Boucan Canot beach<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manapany,_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manapany beach rock pool"><img alt="Manapany beach rock pool" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manapany%2C_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg/120px-Manapany%2C_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manapany%2C_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg/180px-Manapany%2C_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Manapany%2C_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg/240px-Manapany%2C_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manapany beach rock pool</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89tang-sal%C3%A9-les-bains-plage03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'Étang-Salé Beach - a black sand beach from volcanic basalt"><img alt="L'Étang-Salé Beach - a black sand beach from volcanic basalt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%C3%89tang-sal%C3%A9-les-bains-plage03.jpg/120px-%C3%89tang-sal%C3%A9-les-bains-plage03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%C3%89tang-sal%C3%A9-les-bains-plage03.jpg/180px-%C3%89tang-sal%C3%A9-les-bains-plage03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/%C3%89tang-sal%C3%A9-les-bains-plage03.jpg/240px-%C3%89tang-sal%C3%A9-les-bains-plage03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">L'Étang-Salé Beach - a black sand beach from volcanic basalt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Reunion_lagoon_dsc00240.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L’Ermitage les Bains lagoon in front of Saint Paul, and its pass through the coral reef"><img alt="L’Ermitage les Bains lagoon in front of Saint Paul, and its pass through the coral reef" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/La_Reunion_lagoon_dsc00240.jpg/120px-La_Reunion_lagoon_dsc00240.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/La_Reunion_lagoon_dsc00240.jpg/180px-La_Reunion_lagoon_dsc00240.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/La_Reunion_lagoon_dsc00240.jpg/240px-La_Reunion_lagoon_dsc00240.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">L’Ermitage les Bains lagoon in front of Saint Paul, and its pass through the coral reef</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_National_Park" title="Réunion National Park">Réunion National Park</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tropical and insular flora of La Réunion Island is characterized by its diversity, a very high rate of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemism</a> and a very specific structure. The flora of La Réunion presents a great diversity of natural environments and species (up to 40 tree species/ha, compared to a temperate forest which has an average of 5/ha). This diversity is even more remarkable, but fragile, as it differs according to the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environment</a> (coastal, low, medium and high mountain). </p><p>La Réunion has a very high rate of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species, with more than 850 native plants (of natural origin and present before the arrival of humans), of which 232 are endemic to the La Réunion (only present on the island), as well as numerous species endemic to the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene</a> archipelago. Finally, the flora of La Réunion is distinguished from that of equatorial tropical forests by the low height and density of the canopy, probably due to adaptation to cyclones, and by a very specific vegetation, in particular a strong presence of epiphytic plants (growing on other plants), such as <a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchidaceae">orchids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">bromeliads</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="With one exception, bromeliads are native to the Americas. The website cited below seems to simply be giving examples of epiphytes, not saying with any authority that these types are found on Réunion. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and cacti<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Cacti are native to the Americas. The website cited below seems to simply be giving examples of epiphytes, not saying with any authority that these types are found on Réunion. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, but also ferns, <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">mosses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Wildlife of Réunion">Wildlife of Réunion</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_animals_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of extinct animals of Réunion">List of extinct animals of Réunion</a></div> <p>Like its prodigious floral diversity, Réunion is home to a variety of birds such as the <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_tropicbird" title="White-tailed tropicbird">white-tailed tropicbird</a> (French: <i lang="fr">paille en queue</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these birds species are endemic to the island, such as the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_harrier" title="Réunion harrier">Réunion harrier</a> and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_cuckooshrike" title="Réunion cuckooshrike">Réunion cuckooshrike</a>. Its largest land animal is the <a href="/wiki/Panther_chameleon" title="Panther chameleon">panther chameleon</a>, <i>Furcifer pardalis.</i> Much of the west coast is ringed by coral reef which harbours, among other animals, <a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conger_eel" class="mw-redirect" title="Conger eel">conger eels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parrot_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Parrot fish">parrot fish</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">Sea turtles</a> and dolphins also inhabit the coastal waters. Humpback whales migrate north to the island from the Antarctic waters annually during the Southern Hemisphere winter (June–September) to breed and feed, and can be routinely observed from the shores of Réunion during this season. </p><p>At least 19 species formerly <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> to Réunion have become <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> following human colonisation. For example, the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_giant_tortoise" title="Réunion giant tortoise">Réunion giant tortoise</a> became extinct after being slaughtered in vast numbers by sailors and settlers of the island. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FurciferPardalisMale.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A panther chameleon"><img alt="A panther chameleon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FurciferPardalisMale.JPG/240px-FurciferPardalisMale.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FurciferPardalisMale.JPG/360px-FurciferPardalisMale.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/FurciferPardalisMale.JPG/480px-FurciferPardalisMale.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Panther_chameleon" title="Panther chameleon">panther chameleon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pomacanthus_imperator_juv%C3%A9nile.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A juvenile Emperor angelfish"><img alt="A juvenile Emperor angelfish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pomacanthus_imperator_juv%C3%A9nile.JPG/243px-Pomacanthus_imperator_juv%C3%A9nile.JPG" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pomacanthus_imperator_juv%C3%A9nile.JPG/365px-Pomacanthus_imperator_juv%C3%A9nile.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pomacanthus_imperator_juv%C3%A9nile.JPG/486px-Pomacanthus_imperator_juv%C3%A9nile.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="889" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A juvenile <a href="/wiki/Emperor_angelfish" title="Emperor angelfish">Emperor angelfish</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 167.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 165.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Idole_des_Maures_(Zanclus_cornutus).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Moorish idol"><img alt="A Moorish idol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Idole_des_Maures_%28Zanclus_cornutus%29.jpg/248px-Idole_des_Maures_%28Zanclus_cornutus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Idole_des_Maures_%28Zanclus_cornutus%29.jpg/372px-Idole_des_Maures_%28Zanclus_cornutus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Idole_des_Maures_%28Zanclus_cornutus%29.jpg/496px-Idole_des_Maures_%28Zanclus_cornutus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Moorish_idol" title="Moorish idol">Moorish idol</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White-tailed_tropicbird.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A white-tailed Tropicbird"><img alt="A white-tailed Tropicbird" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/White-tailed_tropicbird.jpg/204px-White-tailed_tropicbird.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/White-tailed_tropicbird.jpg/306px-White-tailed_tropicbird.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/White-tailed_tropicbird.jpg/408px-White-tailed_tropicbird.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1079" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A white-tailed <a href="/wiki/Tropicbird" title="Tropicbird">Tropicbird</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eretmochelys_imbricata_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Hawksbill sea turtle"><img alt="A Hawksbill sea turtle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Eretmochelys_imbricata_01.jpg/240px-Eretmochelys_imbricata_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Eretmochelys_imbricata_01.jpg/360px-Eretmochelys_imbricata_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Eretmochelys_imbricata_01.jpg/480px-Eretmochelys_imbricata_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="1442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Hawksbill sea turtle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 149.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 147.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humpback_whale_bis.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Humpback whale off St-Gilles"><img alt="A Humpback whale off St-Gilles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Humpback_whale_bis.jpeg/221px-Humpback_whale_bis.jpeg" decoding="async" width="148" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Humpback_whale_bis.jpeg/331px-Humpback_whale_bis.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Humpback_whale_bis.jpeg/442px-Humpback_whale_bis.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2223" data-file-height="1812" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale</a> off <a href="/wiki/Saint-Gilles,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Gilles, Réunion">St-Gilles</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_biodiversity">Marine biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Marine biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the small area of coral reefs, the marine <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> of La Réunion is comparable to that of other islands in the area, which has earned the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene</a> archipelago its inclusion among the top ten global biodiversity "hotspots".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Réunion's coral reefs, both flat and barrier, are dominated mainly by fast-growing branching coral species of the genus Acropora (family Acroporidae), which provide shelter and food for many tropical species. </p><p>Recent scientific research in Réunion Island indicates that there are more than 190 species of corals, more than 1,300 species of mollusks, more than 500 species of crustaceans,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than 130 species of echinoderms and more than 1,000 species of fish.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Réunion's deeper waters are home to dolphins, killer whales, humpback whales, blue sharks and a variety of shark species, including whale sharks, coral sharks, bull sharks, tiger sharks, blacktip sharks and great white sharks. Several species of sea turtles live and breed here. </p><p>Between 2010 and 2017, 23 shark attacks occurred in the waters of La Réunion, of which nine were fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Prefect_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefect of Réunion">Prefect of Réunion</a> Michel Lalande announced a ban on swimming, surfing, and bodyboarding off more than half of the coast. Lalande also said 45 <a href="/wiki/Bull_shark" title="Bull shark">bull sharks</a> and 45 <a href="/wiki/Tiger_shark" title="Tiger shark">tiger sharks</a> would be <a href="/wiki/Cull" class="mw-redirect" title="Cull">culled</a>, in addition to the 20 already killed as part of scientific research into the illness <a href="/wiki/Ciguatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciguatera">ciguatera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Migrations of <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a> contributed to a boom of <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">whale watching</a> industries on Réunion, and watching rules have been governed by the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observatoire_Marin_de_la_R%C3%A9union" class="extiw" title="fr:Observatoire Marin de la Réunion">OMAR (Observatoire Marin de la Réunion)</a> and <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globice" class="extiw" title="fr:Globice">Globice (Groupe local d'observation et d'identification des cétacés)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coral_reef">Coral reef</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Coral reef"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140915-1002_-_R%C3%A9union_-_0814.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/20140915-1002_-_R%C3%A9union_-_0814.jpg/302px-20140915-1002_-_R%C3%A9union_-_0814.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/20140915-1002_-_R%C3%A9union_-_0814.jpg/453px-20140915-1002_-_R%C3%A9union_-_0814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/20140915-1002_-_R%C3%A9union_-_0814.jpg/604px-20140915-1002_-_R%C3%A9union_-_0814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>L'Ermitage Lagoon</figcaption></figure> <p>Because the island is relatively young (3 million years old),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral formations</a> (8,000 years old) are not well developed and occupy a small area compared to older islands, mostly in the form of fringing reefs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These formations define shallow "lagoons" (rather "reef depressions"), the largest of which is no more than 200 m (660 ft) wide and about 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) deep.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These lagoons, which form a discontinuous reef belt 25 km (16 mi) long (i.e. 12% of the island's coastline) with a total area of 12 km<sup>2</sup> (4.6 sq mi), are located on the west and southwest coast of the island. The most important are those of L'Ermitage (St-Gilles), St-Leu, L'Étang-Salé and St-Pierre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2010, La Réunion is home to a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> that covers about 40% of the island's area and coincides with the central zone of the La <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_National_Park" title="Réunion National Park">Réunion National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is part of the <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Mascarene forests">Mascarene forests</a> terrestrial ecoregion.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gardening_and_Bourbon_roses">Gardening and Bourbon roses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Gardening and Bourbon roses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first members of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon rose">"Bourbon" group</a> of garden roses originated on this island (then still Île Bourbon, hence the name) from a spontaneous <a href="/wiki/Hybridisation_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybridisation (biology)">hybridisation</a> between <a href="/wiki/Damask_rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Damask rose">Damask roses</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rosa_chinensis" title="Rosa chinensis">Rosa chinensis</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had been brought there by the colonists. The first Bourbon roses were discovered on the island in 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Threats_to_the_environment">Threats to the environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Threats to the environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among coastal <a href="/wiki/Ecosystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosystems">ecosystems</a>, coral reefs are among the richest in <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, but they are also the most fragile.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearly one-third of fish <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> were already considered threatened or vulnerable in 2009, with coral degradation in many places. The causes of this state of affairs are pollution, <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> and poaching, as well as anthropogenic pressure, especially linked to the densification of urbanization in coastal areas and the discharge of sewage.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>15 species living on La Réunion were included in the Red List published by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manapany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Manapany.jpg/220px-Manapany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Manapany.jpg/330px-Manapany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Manapany.jpg/440px-Manapany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manapany" title="Manapany">Manapany</a> in 2004</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Demographics of Réunion">Demographics of Réunion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cilaos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cilaos.JPG/220px-Cilaos.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cilaos.JPG/330px-Cilaos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cilaos.JPG/440px-Cilaos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cilaos" title="Cilaos">Cilaos</a> town, high in the Cirque (2003)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inauguration_par_les_%C3%A9lus_d%27un_panneau_d%27information_con%C3%A7u_par_les_%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves_de_l%27AIre_marine_%C3%A9ducative_de_Saint-Leu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Inauguration_par_les_%C3%A9lus_d%27un_panneau_d%27information_con%C3%A7u_par_les_%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves_de_l%27AIre_marine_%C3%A9ducative_de_Saint-Leu.jpg/220px-Inauguration_par_les_%C3%A9lus_d%27un_panneau_d%27information_con%C3%A7u_par_les_%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves_de_l%27AIre_marine_%C3%A9ducative_de_Saint-Leu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Inauguration_par_les_%C3%A9lus_d%27un_panneau_d%27information_con%C3%A7u_par_les_%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves_de_l%27AIre_marine_%C3%A9ducative_de_Saint-Leu.jpg/330px-Inauguration_par_les_%C3%A9lus_d%27un_panneau_d%27information_con%C3%A7u_par_les_%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves_de_l%27AIre_marine_%C3%A9ducative_de_Saint-Leu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Inauguration_par_les_%C3%A9lus_d%27un_panneau_d%27information_con%C3%A7u_par_les_%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves_de_l%27AIre_marine_%C3%A9ducative_de_Saint-Leu.jpg/440px-Inauguration_par_les_%C3%A9lus_d%27un_panneau_d%27information_con%C3%A7u_par_les_%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves_de_l%27AIre_marine_%C3%A9ducative_de_Saint-Leu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>People in Réunion (2018)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple-tamoul-saint-denis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Temple-tamoul-saint-denis.JPG/220px-Temple-tamoul-saint-denis.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Temple-tamoul-saint-denis.JPG/330px-Temple-tamoul-saint-denis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Temple-tamoul-saint-denis.JPG/440px-Temple-tamoul-saint-denis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption> Shri Maha Kalikambal Temple in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_population">Historical population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Historical population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1654 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1670 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1686 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">269</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1707 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">734</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1713 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,171</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1717 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1777 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,469</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.91%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1804 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">65,152</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1826 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">87,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1837 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">110,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1853 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">152,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">182,676</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1877 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">180,295</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">169,493</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1887 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">163,881</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1892 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,713</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.94%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1897 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">173,192</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1902 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">173,315</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1907 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">177,677</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.50%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">173,822</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">173,190</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">186,837</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">197,933</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">208,258</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">220,955</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">241,667</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">274,370</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">349,282</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1967 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">416,525</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1974 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">476,675</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">515,814</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">597,823</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.86%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">706,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">821,136</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">850,727</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">871,157</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2024 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">885,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.55%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Local population estimates and censuses up to 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INSEE censuses between 1954 and 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-1954-1999_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1954-1999-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pop_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Last INSEE 2024 estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_metropolitan_areas">Major metropolitan areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Major metropolitan areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most populous <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> is <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a>, which covers six communes (Saint-Denis, <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Marie, Réunion">Sainte-Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Possession" title="La Possession">La Possession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Suzanne,_R%C3%A9union" title="Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion">Sainte-Suzanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-André, Réunion">Saint-André</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bras-Panon" title="Bras-Panon">Bras-Panon</a>) in the north of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three largest metropolitan areas are:<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Urban unit </th> <th>Population (2021) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">319,141 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Pierre, Réunion">Saint-Pierre</a>-<a href="/wiki/Le_Tampon" title="Le Tampon">Le Tampon</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">224,549 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">172,302 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migrations_and_ethnic_groups">Migrations and ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Migrations and ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cafres" title="Cafres">Cafres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malbars" title="Malbars">Malbars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinois_(R%C3%A9union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinois (Réunion)">Chinois (Réunion)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarabes" title="Zarabes">Zarabes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoreilles" title="Zoreilles">Zoreilles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais of Indian origin">Réunionnais of Indian origin</a></div> <p>At the 2019 census, 82.4% of the inhabitants of La Réunion were born on the island, 11.7% were born in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a>, 1.0% were born in <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, 0.3% were born in the rest of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a>, and 4.6% were born in foreign countries (46% of them children of French expatriates and settlers born in foreign countries, such as children of Réunionese settlers born in Madagascar during colonial times; the other 54% immigrants, i.e. people born in foreign countries with no French nationality at birth).<sup id="cite_ref-immig_2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent decades, the number of Metropolitan Frenchmen living on the La Réunion has increased markedly: only 5,664 natives of Metropolitan France lived in Réunion at the 1967 census, but their numbers were multiplied by more than 6 in 23 years, reaching 37,516 at the 1990 census, and then nearly tripled in the next 29 years, reaching 100,493 at the 2019 census.<sup id="cite_ref-IRD_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRD-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-immig_1_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_1-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-immig_2_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Native Réunionese, meanwhile, have emigrated increasingly to Metropolitan France: the number of natives of La Réunion living in Metropolitan France rose from 16,548 at the 1968 census to 92,354 at the 1990 census to 130,662 at the 2019 census, by which date 15.7% of the natives of Réunion lived outside of Réunion.<sup id="cite_ref-immig_1_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_1-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-immig_2_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Réunion has experienced extremely little immigration of foreigners since World War Two, and by the 2019 census only 2.5% of the inhabitants of Réunion were immigrants. This is in contrast to the situation that prevailed from the middle of the 19th century until World War Two when many migrants from India (especially from <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eastern Asia (particularly China), and Africa came to La Réunion to work in the plantation economy. Their descendants have now become French citizens. </p> <table style="width:720px; border:2px solid #999;" rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em">Place of birth of residents of Réunion<br /><small>(at the 1967, 1982, 1990, 1999, 2008, 2013, and 2019 censuses)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="center">Census</td> <td align="center">Born in<br />Réunion</td> <td align="center">Born in<br /><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a></td> <td align="center">Born in<br /><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></td> <td align="center">Born in the<br />rest of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></td> <td align="center">Born in foreign<br />countries with French<br />citizenship at birth<sup>1</sup></td> <td align="center">Immigrants<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2019</td> <td align="center">82.4%</td> <td align="center">11.7%</td> <td align="center">1.0%</td> <td align="center">0.3%</td> <td align="center">2.1%</td> <td align="center">2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2013</td> <td align="center">83.7%</td> <td align="center">11.1%</td> <td align="center">0.7%</td> <td align="center">0.3%</td> <td align="center">2.2%</td> <td align="center">2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2008</td> <td align="center">84.6%</td> <td align="center">10.3%</td> <td align="center">0.8%</td> <td align="center">0.2%</td> <td align="center">2.4%</td> <td align="center">1.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1999</td> <td align="center">86.1%</td> <td align="center">9.1%</td> <td align="center">0.9%</td> <td align="center">0.4%</td> <td align="center">2.0%</td> <td align="center">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1990</td> <td align="center">90.4%</td> <td align="center">6.3%</td> <td align="center">0.2%</td> <td align="center">0.1%</td> <td align="center">1.9%</td> <td align="center">1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1982</td> <td align="center">93.1%</td> <td align="center">4.1%</td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="4">2.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1967</td> <td align="center">96.8%</td> <td align="center">1.4%</td> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="4">1.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="7"><sup>1</sup><small>Persons born abroad of French parents, such as <a href="/wiki/Pieds-Noirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieds-Noirs">Pieds-Noirs</a> and children of French <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a>.</small><br /><sup>2</sup><small>An immigrant is by French definition a person born in a foreign country and who did not have French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still listed as an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="7">Source: IRD,<sup id="cite_ref-IRD_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRD-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-immig_1_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_1-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-immig_2_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immig_2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ethnic groups present include people of <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais of Indian origin">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malagasy people">Malagasy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> origin. Local names for these are Yabs, <a href="/wiki/Cafres" title="Cafres">Cafres</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais of Indian origin">Malbars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinois_(R%C3%A9union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinois (Réunion)">Chinois</a>. All of the ethnic groups on the island are immigrant populations that have come to Réunion from Europe, Asia and Africa over the centuries. These populations have mixed from the earliest days of the island's colonial history (the first settlers married women from Madagascar and of Indo-Portuguese heritage), resulting in a majority population of <a href="/wiki/Mixed_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed race">mixed race</a> and of "Creole" culture. </p><p>It is not known exactly how many people of each ethnicity live in La Réunion, since the French census does not ask questions about ethnic origin,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which applies in La Réunion because it is a part of France in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">1958 constitution</a>. The extent of racial mixing on the island also makes ethnic estimates difficult. According to estimates, <a href="/wiki/European_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="European diaspora">Whites</a> make up roughly one quarter of the population,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malbars" title="Malbars">Malbars</a> make up more than 25% of the population and people of Chinese ancestry form roughly 3%.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percentages for those of African and mixed-race origins vary widely in estimates. Also, some people of <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a> ancestry live on the island, though they are very few in number.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-advan_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advan-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-religiousintelligence_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religiousintelligence-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamils</a> are the largest group among the Indian community.<sup id="cite_ref-indiandiaspora.nic.in_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiandiaspora.nic.in-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island's community of Muslims from northwestern India, particularly <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, and elsewhere is commonly referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Zarabes" title="Zarabes">zarabes</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_Creole_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais Creole people">Creoles</a> (a name given to those born on the island, regardless of ethnic origins) make up the majority of the population. Groups that are not Creole include people recently arrived from Metropolitan France (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Zoreilles" title="Zoreilles">zoreilles</a></i>) and those from <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> as well as immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Tamil">Sri Lankan Tamil</a> refugees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Hinduism in Réunion">Hinduism in Réunion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Islam in Réunion">Islam in Réunion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cilaos_kirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cilaos_kirche.jpg/220px-Cilaos_kirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cilaos_kirche.jpg/330px-Cilaos_kirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cilaos_kirche.jpg/440px-Cilaos_kirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="2169" /></a><figcaption>Catholic church of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges in <a href="/wiki/Cilaos" title="Cilaos">Cilaos</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1270.6204736175px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 533.31561845714px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 301.31325811305px; border-left-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 71.69861740979px; border-left-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religious affiliation (2000 censuses)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (84.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (10%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (2.15%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> No religion (1.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> Other (1.25%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The predominant religion is Christianity. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> has a single jurisdiction, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Saint-Denis-de-La_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Denis-de-La Réunion">Diocese of Saint-Denis-de-La Réunion</a>. Religious Intelligence estimates Christians to be 84.9% of the population, followed by <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a> (10%) and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> (2.15%).<sup id="cite_ref-religiousintelligence_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religiousintelligence-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> are also represented. </p><p>Most large towns have a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a> and a mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais literature">Réunionnais literature</a></div> <p>Réunionese culture is a blend (<i>métissage</i>) of European, African, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais of Indian origin">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinois_(R%C3%A9union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinois (Réunion)">Chinese</a> and insular traditions. The most widely spoken language, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole" title="Réunion Creole">Réunion Creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">derives from French</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French is the sole official language of Réunion. Though not official, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole" title="Réunion Creole">Réunion Creole</a> is widely spoken alongside French. Creole is commonly used for informal purposes, whereas the official language for administrative purposes, as well as education, is French.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other languages spoken on La Réunion include: <a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorian</a> varieties (especially <a href="/wiki/Shimaore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimaore">Shimaore</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a>, by recent immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and Madagascar; <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka language">Hakka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Cantonese</a> by members of the Chinese community; <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian languages</a>, mostly <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, spoken by a small community of Muslims. These languages are generally spoken by immigrants, as those born on the island tend to use French and Creole. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> are offered as optional languages in some schools.<sup id="cite_ref-indiandiaspora.nic.in_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiandiaspora.nic.in-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Music of Réunion">Music of Réunion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sega_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Sega music">Sega music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></div> <p>There are two music genres which originated in La Réunion: sega, which originated earlier and is also traditional in Mauritius, Rodrigues and Seychelles; and maloya, which originated in the 19th century and is only found in Réunion. Every 20 December, the inhabitants of La Réunion celebrate La Réunion <a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a> Day. This celebration, also known as the Fête des Cafres or "Fet' Kaf'", commemorates the proclamation of the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> by the Second Republic (France) in 1848. The term "cafre" refers to the Africans of the "Cafrerie" (a part of southern Africa). It derives from the <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> word "kaffer", which is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">American slang</a> "<a href="/wiki/Nigger" title="Nigger">nigger</a>" or "nègre", originating in colonial France.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, in the 21st century, Reunionese celebrate with joy the end of a long period of oppression. Cafres, Malagasy, Comorians, Indians, Yabs, Z'oreilles and metropolitans gather in the streets dancing to the rhythm of the sega and the maloya, the two great musical genres of Réunion.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous concerts are organized, most of them free, as well as costume parades and dance shows such as <a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">merengue</a>, for example. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">Cuisine of Réunion</a></div> <p>Always accompanied by rice, the most common dishes are carry (sometimes spelled cari), a local version of Indian <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rougail" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:rougail">rougail</a> and civets (stews). Curry is made with a base of onion, garlic and <a href="/wiki/Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Spices">spices</a> such as turmeric (called "safran péi" on the island),<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on which fish, meat and eggs are fried; tomato is then added. Dishes can also be flavoured with ginger; the peel of a <a href="/wiki/Kaffir_lime" title="Kaffir lime">combava</a> is often prized. <a href="/wiki/Chop_suey" title="Chop suey">Chop suey</a> (with rice, not pasta) and other Asian dishes such as pork with pineapple<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rougail_Saucisse_04-07-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="image representing the rougail saucisse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Rougail_Saucisse_04-07-07.jpg/220px-Rougail_Saucisse_04-07-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Rougail_Saucisse_04-07-07.jpg/330px-Rougail_Saucisse_04-07-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Rougail_Saucisse_04-07-07.jpg/440px-Rougail_Saucisse_04-07-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The rougail saucisse.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some examples of popular réunionese dishes include: </p> <ul><li>Achards (inspired by <a href="/wiki/Achaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaar">achaar</a>)</li> <li>Cabri massalé</li> <li>Cari poulet</li> <li>Rougail dakatine</li> <li>Rougail morue</li> <li>Rougail saucisse</li> <li>Bouchon</li></ul> <p>In general, there are few dishes without meat or fish, so there are few <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian options</a>. One of them is chouchou chayote gratin. Otherwise, mainly poultry is consumed. One of the local specialties is tangue<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> civet (of the hedgehog family). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Moraingy" title="Moraingy">Moringue</a> is a popular combat/dance sport similar to <a href="/wiki/Capoeira" title="Capoeira">capoeira</a>. There are several famous Réunionese sportsmen and women like the <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handballer</a> <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Richardson" title="Jackson Richardson">Jackson Richardson</a>, as well as the karateka <a href="/wiki/Lucie_Ignace" title="Lucie Ignace">Lucie Ignace</a>. La Réunion has a number of contributions to worldwide professional <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>. It has been home to notable pro surfers including <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Flores" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremy Flores">Jeremy Flores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johanne_Defay" title="Johanne Defay">Johanne Defay</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justine_Mauvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justine Mauvin (page does not exist)">Justine Mauvin</a>. Famous break St Leu has been host to several world surfing championship competitions. Since 1992, Réunion has hosted a number of <a href="/wiki/Ultramarathons" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultramarathons">ultramarathons</a> under the umbrella name of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Raid" title="Grand Raid">Grand Raid</a>. As of 2018, four different races compose the Grand Raid: the Diagonale des Fous, The Trail de Bourbon, the Mascareignes, and the Zembrocal Trail.<sup id="cite_ref-Reunion.FR17_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reunion.FR17-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a> <i>Meeting de la Réunion</i> is held at the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Paul_Julius_B%C3%A9nard" title="Stade Paul Julius Bénard">Stade Paul Julius Bénard</a> by the governing body <i>Ligue Réunionnaise d'athlétisme</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Football">Football</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Football (soccer) is the most popular sport. With more than 30,000 licensed players for a population exceeding 850,000 inhabitants, it remains the sport of choice for young people. Although the highest level of competition called the First Division of Réunion is equivalent to a division d'honneur in metropolitan France (DH), all the youngsters hope to play at the highest level one day. </p><p>This has been the case for players such as <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Robert" title="Laurent Robert">Laurent Robert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florent_Sinama_Pongolle" title="Florent Sinama Pongolle">Florent Sinama-Pongolle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Hoarau" title="Guillaume Hoarau">Guillaume Hoarau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Payet" title="Dimitri Payet">Dimitri Payet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Tr%C3%A9moulinas" title="Benoît Trémoulinas">Benoit Tremoulinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvine_Malard" title="Melvine Malard">Melvine Malard</a> (the only six Reunionese to have played for the French national team), <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Robert" title="Bertrand Robert">Bertrand Robert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fontaine" title="Thomas Fontaine">Thomas Fontaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Ajorque" title="Ludovic Ajorque">Ludovic Ajorque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabrice_Abriel" title="Fabrice Abriel">Fabrice Abriel</a> (of La Réunion descent) and <a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Moimbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilfried Moimbe">Wilfried Moimbe</a> (of Réunion descent), to name but a few. The territory has its own team, the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_national_football_team" title="Réunion national football team">Réunion national football team</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Creole_garden" title="Creole garden">Creole garden</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau-Lauratet.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ch%C3%A2teau-Lauratet.JPG/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau-Lauratet.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ch%C3%A2teau-Lauratet.JPG/330px-Ch%C3%A2teau-Lauratet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ch%C3%A2teau-Lauratet.JPG/440px-Ch%C3%A2teau-Lauratet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3861" data-file-height="2574" /></a><figcaption>Château Lauratet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Structurally, the local Creole house is said to be symmetrical.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, in the absence of an architect, workers would draw a line on the ground and build two identical parts on each side, resulting in houses of essentially <a href="/wiki/Rectangular" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectangular">rectangular</a> shape. The veranda is an important element of the house. It is an <a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">outdoor terrace</a> built on the front of the house, as it allowed to show its richness to the street. A Creole garden completes the house. It is composed of local plants, found in the forest. There is usually a greenhouse with orchids, anthuriums and different types of ferns. </p><p>The Villa Déramond-Barre is a Creole architectural model of great heritage interest.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditions">Traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two forms of musical expression historically make up the folkloric tradition of Réunion Island. One, the sega, is a Creole variant of the <a href="/wiki/Quadrille" title="Quadrille">quadrille</a>, the other, the maloya, like the American blues, comes from Africa, carried by the nostalgia and pain of slaves uprooted and deported from their homeland. </p><p>The sega, a disguised ballroom dance to the rhythm of traditional Western instruments (accordion, harmonica, guitar, etc.), is a testament to the fun of colonial society at the time. Today, it is still the typical ballroom dance of the island of Réunion and the Mascarene archipelago in general, along with the Mauritian sega and the <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesian</a> sega. </p><p>The slaves' maloya, a ritual dance full of melodies and gestures, was performed almost clandestinely at night around a bonfire; the few instruments that accompanied it were made of plants (bamboo, gourds, etc.). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dipavali_-_la_r%C3%A9union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dipavali_-_la_r%C3%A9union.jpg/220px-Dipavali_-_la_r%C3%A9union.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dipavali_-_la_r%C3%A9union.jpg/330px-Dipavali_-_la_r%C3%A9union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dipavali_-_la_r%C3%A9union.jpg/440px-Dipavali_-_la_r%C3%A9union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="982" /></a><figcaption>Dipavali Festival</figcaption></figure> <p>Beyond their taste for this musical art form, the maloya troupes wanted to perpetuate the memory of the <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a>, their suffering and their uprooting. Through sometimes controversial texts, they remind France of its slave-owning past and underline the damage that this colonial era did to human beings; in the course of the island's history, maloya artists and kabars (gatherings) were sometimes banned by the authorities. </p><p>With the institution of a public holiday to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolition</a> of slavery (fête caf', 20 December), maloya has received official recognition; it is regularly played on public radio and many discotheques and dance parties programme it regularly; it is even enjoying a revival: groups have begun to make modern versions, styles and arrangements, such as maloggae and other electric maloya. </p><p>Some of Réunion Island's emblematic musical groups include: Groupe folklorique de La Réunion, Kalou Pilé, Baster, Ousanousava, Ziskakan, Pat'Jaune, <a href="/wiki/Dany%C3%A8l_Waro" title="Danyèl Waro">Danyèl Waro</a>, Tisours, etc. We can also mention one of the greatest Maloya singers: Lo Rwa Kaf. Born in Sainte-Suzanne, he was one of the first to sing Maloya. When he died in 2004, many people were present at his funeral. </p><p>In 2008, the artist Brice Guilbert made a video clip entitled La Réunion. In this clip, we see him crossing all the <a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">landscapes</a> of the island. </p><p>In the field of contemporary dance, we can mention the choreographer Pascal Montrouge, who directs the only company in France that has a double headquarters in Saint-Denis de La Réunion and Hyères, which reinforces the sense of his vision of identity. In 2007, the city of Saint-Denis de La Réunion entrusted him with the artistic direction of its Saint-Denis Danses festival. </p><p>The island is home to the regional <a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">conservatory</a> of La Réunion, which has four teaching centres and was created in 1987 under the impetus of the then president of the region, Pierre Lagourgue. Today, although traditional dances are not forgotten in the conservatoires (which teach dance, music and theatre), the dances taught are classical dance, contemporary dance and Bharata natyam dance. These students regularly have the opportunity to dance with choreographers from Réunion such as Didier Boutiana cie "Konpani Soul city", Soraya Thomas cie "Morphose" or Éric Languet cie "Danse en l'R". These different local companies allow the inhabitants of Réunion to dance professionally. </p><p>Urban culture has also made its appearance, following the trends and influences of metropolitan France and the United States. Thus, hip-hop culture is developing, but also ragga dancehall, with KM David or Kaf Malbar being the figurehead of this new movement, influencing the young generation all over the island, with their songs spread by mp3 or internet. Many young artists are trying to "break through" in this music, whose industry is developing reasonably well, locally but also internationally, and has nothing to envy from the precursors of French <a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Réunion has a local public television channel, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_Outre-Mer_1re" class="mw-redirect" title="Réseau Outre-Mer 1re">Réunion 1ère</a>, which now forms part of <a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision" class="mw-redirect" title="France Télévision">France Télévision</a>, and also receives <a href="/wiki/France_2" title="France 2">France 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_3" title="France 3">France 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_4" title="France 4">France 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_5" title="France 5">France 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> from metropolitan France, as well as <a href="/wiki/France_%C3%94" title="France Ô">France Ô</a>, which shows programming from all of the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas departments and territories of France">overseas departments and territories</a>. There are also two local private channels, Télé Kréol and Antenne Réunion. </p><p>It has a local public radio station, formerly Radio Réunion, but now known as Réunion 1ère, like its television counterpart. It also receives the <a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">Radio France</a> networks <a href="/wiki/France_Inter" title="France Inter">France Inter</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_Musique" title="France Musique">France Musique</a> and <a href="/wiki/France_Culture" title="France Culture">France Culture</a>. The first private local radio station, Radio Freedom, was introduced in 1981. They broadcast daily content about weather and local services. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plateau-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-R%C3%A9union-1-2512.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plateau-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-R%C3%A9union-1-2512.JPG/220px-Plateau-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-R%C3%A9union-1-2512.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plateau-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-R%C3%A9union-1-2512.JPG/330px-Plateau-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-R%C3%A9union-1-2512.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plateau-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-R%C3%A9union-1-2512.JPG/440px-Plateau-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-R%C3%A9union-1-2512.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The set of the television news of Télé Réunion</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Newspapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two main newspapers: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_de_l%27%C3%AEle_de_La_R%C3%A9union" title="Journal de l'île de La Réunion">Journal de l'île de La Réunion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Quotidien_(R%C3%A9unionese_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Quotidien (Réunionese newspaper) (page does not exist)">Le Quotidien (Réunionese newspaper)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Quotidien_de_La_R%C3%A9union" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Quotidien de La Réunion">fr</a>]</span></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Present on the island since 1896, is marked by its insularity and its geographical distance from <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>. In the absence of the Centre national de la cinématographie (CNC), it has developed specific distribution and dissemination networks. Its landscapes first served as a natural backdrop for many film and television productions, and film events, such as festivals, multiplied there. Digital technology now facilitates the development of local productions, most of which reflect the particularities of a multicultural and multilingual society. </p><p>The Réunion Film festival (festival du film de La Réunion) was created in 2005 and is chaired by Fabienne Redt. The festival presented first and second feature films by French directors. The 10th and last edition took place in 2014 in partnership mainly with the TEAT Champ Fleuri (Saint-Denis) and the city of Saint-Paul. </p><p>In the Port, the International Film Festival of Africa and the La Réunion Islands (Festival international du film d'Afrique et des îles de La Réunion) was also held. </p><p>Among the existing film festivals is the Réunion Island Adventure Film Festival (13 editions), which awards prizes to adventure films. </p><p>In Saint-Philippe, the Festival Même pas peur, Réunion's international fantasy film festival, has been held since 2010. </p><p>In Saint-Pierre, there are two festivals: Écran jeunes (25th edition in 2019) and the Festival du Film Court de Saint-Pierre, directed by Armand Dauphin (3rd edition in 2019). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adama_(film)" title="Adama (film)">Adama</a></i> (animated there)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Mermaid" title="Mississippi Mermaid">Mississippi Mermaid</a></i> (1969) (filmed there)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blogs">Blogs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Blogs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Reunion Island Tourism blog</i> (English/French tourism blog)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visit_Reunion_(Instagram)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visit Reunion (Instagram) (page does not exist)">Visit Reunion</a></i> (English language blog and Instagram page)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (February 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The internet situation in Réunion was once marked by its <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">insularity</a> and remoteness from mainland France, which caused some technological delays. Today, the trend has been reversed and the region has a relatively efficient internet connection and is one of the departments most connected by fibre optics in France. </p><p>Internet connection can be provided by ADSL (offered by four operators), fibre optic (three operators), or by cellular data on 4G and 5G networks (currently being tested in Saint-Denis). </p><p>Réunion domain names have the suffix <a href="/wiki/.re" title=".re">.re</a>. The La Réunion region has deployed a regional fibre-optic network for operators. This network is based partly on EDF's very <a href="/wiki/High_voltage" title="High voltage">high voltage</a> cables - G@zelle network, partly on the region's own fibre and partly on Hertzian links for the most isolated areas. This network is managed by a public service company called La Réunion Numérique.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Economy of Réunion">Economy of Réunion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LePortEst.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/LePortEst.JPG/220px-LePortEst.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/LePortEst.JPG/330px-LePortEst.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/LePortEst.JPG/440px-LePortEst.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The east dock of Réunion's main seaport in <a href="/wiki/Le_Port,_R%C3%A9union" title="Le Port, Réunion">Le Port</a> (2006)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trieur_de_vanille_-_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Trieur_de_vanille_-_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg/220px-Trieur_de_vanille_-_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Trieur_de_vanille_-_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg/330px-Trieur_de_vanille_-_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Trieur_de_vanille_-_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg/440px-Trieur_de_vanille_-_La_R%C3%A9union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption>Man sorting <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_vanilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon vanilla">Bourbon vanilla</a> (2004)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2019, the GDP of Réunion at market exchange rates, not at <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>, was estimated at 19.5 billion <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a> (US$21.8 bn) and the GDP per capita (also at market exchange rates) was 22,629 <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a> (US$25,333),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the highest in sub-Saharan Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but only 61.7% of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>'s GDP per capita that year, and 73.5% of the metropolitan French regions outside the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Paris Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">Global Financial Crisis of 2008</a>, the economy of La Réunion was in a process of catching up with the rest of France. From 1997 to 2007, the economy of La Réunion grew by an average of +4.6% per year in <a href="/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Real versus nominal value (economics)">real terms</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1996_2020_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1996_2020-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the GDP per capita rose from 53.7% of metropolitan France's level in 2000 to 61.6% of metropolitan France in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> that followed the financial crisis greatly affected La Réunion whose economy came to a standstill in 2008, then experienced two years of <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a> in 2009 and 2010, followed by three years of <a href="/wiki/Economic_stagnation" title="Economic stagnation">stagnation</a> (2011-2013).<sup id="cite_ref-1996_2020_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1996_2020-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2013, the GDP per capita of Réunion had fallen back to 60.6% of metropolitan France's level.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_98-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Economic growth returned in 2014. The economy grew by an average of +2.9% per year in real terms from 2014 to 2017, and the GDP per capita of Réunion rose to 62.4% of metropolitan France's GDP per capita by 2017, its highest level ever.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_98-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy slowed down in 2018, growing at only +1.7% due in part to the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests" title="Yellow vests protests">yellow vests protests</a> which paralyzed the Réunionese economy in the end of 2018, before recovering to +2.2% in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-1996_2020_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1996_2020-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of this slower growth since 2018, the GDP per capita of Réunion fell back slightly compared to metropolitan France's, standing at 61.7% of metropolitan France's level in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_98-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Réunion was affected by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020, leading to a massive recession of -4.2% that year according to provisional estimates, the largest on record,<sup id="cite_ref-1996_2020_99-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1996_2020-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although less severe than in metropolitan France (-7.9% for metropolitan France in 2020).<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_98-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption style="margin-bottom: 0.5em">Regional GDP of Réunion<br /><small>(in euros, current prices)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th> 2000 </th> <th> 2007 </th> <th> 2013 </th> <th> 2014 </th> <th> 2015 </th> <th> 2016 </th> <th> 2017 </th> <th> 2018 </th> <th> 2019  </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">Nominal GDP <small>(€ bn)</small></td> <td align="center">9.55</td> <td align="center">15.17</td> <td align="center">16.53</td> <td style="text-align:center;">16.97</td> <td align="center">17.55</td> <td align="center">18.07</td> <td align="center">18.56</td> <td align="center">19.00</td> <td align="center">19.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">GDP per capita <small>(euros)</small></td> <td align="center">13,218</td> <td align="center">18,937</td> <td align="center">19,701</td> <td style="text-align:center;">20,045</td> <td align="center">20,608</td> <td align="center">21,171</td> <td align="center">21,707</td> <td align="center">22,128</td> <td align="center">22,629 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">GDP per capita as a %<br />of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a>'s</td> <td align="center">53.7%</td> <td align="center">61.6%</td> <td align="center">60.6%</td> <td align="center">61.0%</td> <td align="center">61.5%</td> <td align="center">62.4%</td> <td align="center">62.4%</td> <td align="center">62.0%</td> <td align="center">61.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="text-align:center"><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_98-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sugar was traditionally the chief agricultural product and export. Tourism is now an important source of income.<sup id="cite_ref-tourism_La_Reunion_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tourism_La_Reunion-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island's remote location combined with its stable political alignment with Europe makes it a key location for satellite receiving stations<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and naval navigation.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GDP sector composition in 2017 (contribution of each sector to the total <a href="/wiki/Gross_value_added" title="Gross value added">gross value added</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sector</th> <th>% of total GVA </th></tr> <tr style="background:#afa;"> <td>Agriculture, forestry and fishing</td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em"><small>Detail</small></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td>Agriculture and forestry</td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fishing</td> <td>0.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2cee0;"> <td>Mining and quarrying</td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2cee0;"> <td>Manufacturing</td> <td>4.6% </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em"><small>Detail</small></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td>Food manufacturing<br /><small>(of which: sugar and rum)</small></td> <td>1.9%<br /><sub>(0.5%)</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Petroleum and coal products manufacturing</td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-food and non-petroleum/coal manufacturing</td> <td>2.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2cee0;"> <td>Utilities</td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2cee0;"> <td>Construction</td> <td>5.8% </td></tr> <tr style="background:#b0e0e6;"> <td>Market services</td> <td>49.8% </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em"><small>Detail</small></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td>Wholesale and retail trade</td> <td>11.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Transportation and warehousing</td> <td>3.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accommodation and food services</td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Information and communication</td> <td>3.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finance and insurance</td> <td>4.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Real estate activities</td> <td>14.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Professional, scientific and technical services</td> <td>3.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Administrative and support services</td> <td>3.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other (entertainment, repair, personal and laundry services)</td> <td>4.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#b0e0e6;"> <td>Non-market services</td> <td>36.2% </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em"><small>Detail</small></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td>Public administration and defense</td> <td>10.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Education, health care, elderly care, child day-care</td> <td>25.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unemployment is a major problem on Réunion, although the situation has improved markedly since the beginning of the 2000s: the unemployment rate, which stood above 30% from the early 1980s to the early 2000s, declined to 24.6% in 2007, then rebounded to 30.0% in 2011 due to the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">2008 global financial crisis</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, but declined again after 2011, reaching 19.0% in 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-chomage_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chomage-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its lowest level in 45 years.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, 36.1% of the population lived below the poverty line (defined by <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a> as 60% of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a>'s median income; in 2021 the poverty line for a family of two parents and two young children was €2,423 (US$2,868) per month),<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a marked decrease compared to 2013 when 49% of the population lived below the poverty line.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a> distillation contributes to the island's economy. A "<a href="/wiki/List_of_French_rums" title="List of French rums">Product of France</a>", it is shipped to Europe for bottling, then shipped to consumers around the world. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brasseries_de_Bourbon" title="Brasseries de Bourbon">Brasseries de Bourbon</a> is the main brewery of the island, with <a href="/wiki/Heineken_N.V." title="Heineken N.V.">Heineken</a> as shareholder. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9um_d%27Histoire_naturelle_-_Saint-Denis-42.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mus%C3%A9um_d%27Histoire_naturelle_-_Saint-Denis-42.JPG/220px-Mus%C3%A9um_d%27Histoire_naturelle_-_Saint-Denis-42.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mus%C3%A9um_d%27Histoire_naturelle_-_Saint-Denis-42.JPG/330px-Mus%C3%A9um_d%27Histoire_naturelle_-_Saint-Denis-42.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mus%C3%A9um_d%27Histoire_naturelle_-_Saint-Denis-42.JPG/440px-Mus%C3%A9um_d%27Histoire_naturelle_-_Saint-Denis-42.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Façade of the Natural History Museum of Réunion Island in Saint-Denis</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Tourism in Réunion">Tourism in Réunion</a></div> <p>Income from tourism is La Réunion primary economic resource, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> production and processing, which has allowed the development of large Réunionese groups such as Quartier Français, Groupe Bourbon ex-Sucreries Bourbon, a large international company now listed on the <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a>, but based outside the island and which has abandoned the sugar sector for the off-shore maritime sector. With the reduction of subsidies, this culture is threatened. Therefore, the development of fishing in the <a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern Territories</a> has been promoted. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>, particularly the commercial sector, is by far the most developed, and import distribution has taken off in the mid-1980s through affiliation and franchising agreements with metropolitan groups. The advent of franchised distribution has transformed the commercial apparatus, which historically was characterized by the geographic dispersion of small grocery-type units; the few "Chinese stores" still in operation are limited to mid-range towns and, as relics of a bygone era, have more of a tourist and educational appeal, even if they retain a convenience store function. </p><p>Despite its economic dynamism, the island is unable to absorb its significant unemployment, which is explained in particular by a very strong demographic growth. Many Réunioners are forced to move to metropolitan France for their studies or to find work. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugar_cane_from_the_chopper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sugar_cane_from_the_chopper.jpg/220px-Sugar_cane_from_the_chopper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sugar_cane_from_the_chopper.jpg/330px-Sugar_cane_from_the_chopper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sugar_cane_from_the_chopper.jpg/440px-Sugar_cane_from_the_chopper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Sugar cane on Réunion island</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agriculture in Réunion is an important activity in the island's economy:<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the agricultural territory covering 20% of the island's surface area employs 10% of the active population, generates 5% of the gross regional product and provides the island's main export. Formerly centered on coffee and <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">clove</a> cultivation, it has focused on sugar cane since the events of the early 19th century, namely the Great Avalanches and the seizure of Réunion by the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a>. Today it faces important issues related to the decisions of the World Trade Organization at the international level and the development of the urban fact at the local level. </p><p>Réunion Island has about 7,000 farms, 5,000 of which are professional. These farms mobilize almost 11,000 AWU (annual workload of one person on a full-time basis). </p><p>Ninety-seven percent of the farms in Réunion are less than 20 hectares in size, compared to an average of 78 hectares in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">mainland France</a>. </p><p>The most common status is that of individual farmer (97%). </p><p>In 2005, more than 60% of farm managers were between 40 and 59 years old. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Public services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health<span class="anchor" id="Health_care"></span><span class="anchor" id="Healthcare"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005–2006, Réunion experienced an epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Chikungunya" title="Chikungunya">chikungunya</a>, a viral disease similar to <a href="/wiki/Dengue_fever" title="Dengue fever">dengue fever</a> brought in from East Africa, which infected almost a third of the population because of its transmission through mosquitoes. The epidemic has since been eradicated. See the <a href="#History">History</a> section for more details. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RouteDesTamarins_ViaducBernica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RouteDesTamarins_ViaducBernica.JPG/220px-RouteDesTamarins_ViaducBernica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RouteDesTamarins_ViaducBernica.JPG/330px-RouteDesTamarins_ViaducBernica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RouteDesTamarins_ViaducBernica.JPG/440px-RouteDesTamarins_ViaducBernica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3694" data-file-height="2464" /></a><figcaption>The Bernica viaduct or Saint-Paul viaduct at the northern entrance of the route des tamarins</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Transport in Réunion">Transport in Réunion</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Roland_Garros_Airport" title="Roland Garros Airport">Roland Garros Airport</a> serves the island, handling flights to mainland France, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>, South Africa, China and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pierrefonds_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierrefonds Airport">Pierrefonds Airport</a>, a smaller airport, has some flights to Mauritius and Madagascar. In 2019 a <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> system was proposed to link Le Barachois with the airport.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Réunion Island has its own <a href="/wiki/Education_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Education system">education system</a>. Chantal Manès-Bonnisseau, Inspector General of Education, Sport and Research, was appointed <a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a> of the Académie de La Réunion and Chancellor of Universities at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers" title="Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a> on 29 July 2020. </p><p>She succeeds Vêlayoudom Marimoutou, who took office as secretary general of the Indian Ocean Commission on 16 July. </p><p>The Rectorate is located in the main city, in the Moufia district of Saint-Denis. At the start of the 2012 school year, the island had 522 pre-school or primary schools, including 26 private schools, for 120,230 students at the primary level, 82 secondary schools, including six private schools, for 61,300 students, 32 general and technological high schools, including three private schools, for 23,650 students, and 15 vocational schools, including two private schools, for 16,200 students. </p><p>Réunion's priority education zones affect slightly more than half of the primary and secondary school students.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baccalaureate results are relatively close to the national average with a rate of 81.4% in 2012 compared to 82.4% in 2011 (respectively: 84.5% and 85.6% in the national average). </p><p>In higher education, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reunion_Island" title="University of Reunion Island">University of La Réunion</a> has 11,600 students spread across the various sites, especially in Saint-Denis and Le Tampon. A further 5,800 students are divided between the post-baccalaureate courses of secondary education and other higher studies.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_barrage_takamaka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vue_barrage_takamaka.jpg/220px-Vue_barrage_takamaka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vue_barrage_takamaka.jpg/330px-Vue_barrage_takamaka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vue_barrage_takamaka.jpg/440px-Vue_barrage_takamaka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Takamaka II hydroelectric dam</figcaption></figure> <p>Energy on Réunion depends on oil and is limited by the island's <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">insularity</a>, which forces it to produce electricity locally and import <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a>. Faced with increasing demand and environmental requirements, the energy produced on the island is tending to increasingly exploit its great renewable energy potential through the development of <a href="/wiki/Wind_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind farms">wind farms</a>, solar farms and other experimental projects. Although 35% of La Réunion's electricity came from renewable sources in 2013, the department's energy dependency rate exceeds 85%. Saving electricity and optimising <a href="/wiki/Energy_efficiency_implementation" title="Energy efficiency implementation">energy efficiency</a> are two major areas of work for the authorities responsible for energy issues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hydroelectric_power">Hydroelectric power</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Hydroelectric power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the large volumes of rainfall, the flow of surface water allows the installation of hydroelectric infrastructures, especially as erosion has carved out narrow and very deep ravines. The Sainte-Rose plant (22 MW) and the Takamaka plant (17.5 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a>) are the two largest. In total, the island's six <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> infrastructures have a capacity of 133 MW. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Réunion has no official <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a>. </p><p>Former Governor Merwart created a coat of arms for the island on the occasion of the 1925 <a href="/wiki/Colonial_exhibition" title="Colonial exhibition">colonial exhibition</a> organised on Petite-Île. Merwart, a member of the Réunion Island Society of Sciences and Arts, wanted to include the island's history: </p> <ul><li>the bees evoke the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">Empire</a>;</li> <li>the central coat of arms evokes the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French Republican</a> flag;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleurs-de-lis</a> evoke the royal era;</li> <li>The motto "Florebo quocumque ferar" is that of the French East India Company and means "I will bloom wherever they take me", while the vanilla vines honour a flourishing harvest.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numeral</a> "MMM" evokes the altitude of the highest peaks;</li> <li>the ship Saint-Alexis is the one that first took possession of the island;</li></ul> <p>The most commonly used flag in La Réunion is that of the "radiant volcano", designed by Guy Pignolet in 1975, sometimes called "Lo Mavéli":<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it represents the volcano of Piton de la Fournaise in the form of a simplified red triangle on a navy blue background, while five sunbeams symbolise the arrival of the populations that have converged on the island over the centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">Administrative divisions of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Nakache" title="Alfred Nakache">Alfred Nakache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchaing" title="Anchaing">Anchaing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Du_battant_des_lames_au_sommet_des_montagnes" title="Du battant des lames au sommet des montagnes">Du battant des lames au sommet des montagnes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_and_departmental_heads_of_R%C3%A9union" title="List of colonial and departmental heads of Réunion">List of colonial and departmental heads of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_islands_in_the_Indian_and_Pacific_oceans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans">List of French overseas islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_R%C3%A9unionnais" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Réunionnais">List of Réunionnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Lists of islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 370">Malaysia Airlines Flight 370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Scouting and Guiding in Réunion">Scouting and Guiding in Réunion</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pop-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7752095/estim-pop-nreg-sexe-gca-1975-2024.xls">"Estimation de population par région, sexe et grande classe d'âge – Années 1975 à 2024"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estimation+de+population+par+r%C3%A9gion%2C+sexe+et+grande+classe+d%27%C3%A2ge+%E2%80%93+Ann%C3%A9es+1975+%C3%A0+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2Ffichier%2F7752095%2Festim-pop-nreg-sexe-gca-1975-2024.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en"><i>Regional gross domestic product by NUTS 2 region - million EUR</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131097685" class="extiw" title="d:Q131097685">Q131097685</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regional+gross+domestic+product+by+NUTS+2+region+-+million+EUR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftgs00003%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Réunion is pictured on all <a href="/wiki/Euro_banknotes" title="Euro banknotes">Euro banknotes</a>, on the back at the bottom of each note, right of the Greek ΕΥΡΩ (EURO) next to the denomination.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guide-reunion.fr/breves/detail/scoop-le-drapeau-reunionnais-ne-sappelle-pas-lo-maveli/">"Scoop : Le drapeau réunionnais ne s'appelle pas "lo mavéli" !"</a>. <i>guide-reunion.fr</i> (in French). 9 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guide-reunion.fr&rft.atitle=Scoop+%3A+Le+drapeau+r%C3%A9unionnais+ne+s%27appelle+pas+%22lo+mav%C3%A9li%22+%21&rft.date=2014-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguide-reunion.fr%2Fbreves%2Fdetail%2Fscoop-le-drapeau-reunionnais-ne-sappelle-pas-lo-maveli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Baptiste Duvergier, <i>Collection complète des lois [...]</i>, éd. A. Guyot et Scribe, Paris, 1834, «Décret du 23 mars 1793», <abbr>p.</abbr> 205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Vaxellaire, <i>Le Grand Livre de l'histoire de La Réunion</i>, <abbr>vol.</abbr> 1 : <i>Des origines à 1848</i>, éd. Orphie, 2000, 701 p. ISBN 978-2-87763-101-3 et 978-2877631013), <abbr>p.</abbr> 228 (avec fac-similé du décret).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nouveau recueil général de traités, conventions et autres transactions remarquables – Année 1848</i>, éd. Librairie de Dieterich, 1854, «Arrêté du gouvernement provisoire portant changement du nom de l'île Bourbon, Paris, 7 mars», <abbr>p.</abbr> 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l’Imprimerie nationale</i>, Imprimerie nationale, 1990 ISBN 978-2-11-081075-5 ; réédition 2002 ISBN 978-2-7433-0482-9 ; réimpressions octobre 2007 et novembre 2008 ISBN 978-2-7433-0482-9, <abbr>p.</abbr> 90 et 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081112114347/http://www.cnig.gouv.fr/upload/ressource/r1147273214.DOC">"Commission nationale de toponymie – Collectivités territoriales françaises"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnig.gouv.fr/upload/ressource/r1147273214.DOC">the original</a> on 12 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commission+nationale+de+toponymie+%E2%80%93+Collectivit%C3%A9s+territoriales+fran%C3%A7aises&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnig.gouv.fr%2Fupload%2Fressource%2Fr1147273214.DOC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen09-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allen09_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen09_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1999" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Richard B. (14 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WVmqM7F-J4QC&pg=PA9"><i>Slaves, Freedmen and Indentured Laborers in Colonial Mauritius</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521641258" title="Special:BookSources/9780521641258"><bdi>9780521641258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slaves%2C+Freedmen+and+Indentured+Laborers+in+Colonial+Mauritius&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999-10-14&rft.isbn=9780521641258&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWVmqM7F-J4QC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tabuteau13-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tabuteau13_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabuteau13_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabuteau1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tabuteau, Jacques (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BmgwAAAAYAAJ"><i>Histoire de la justice dans les Mascareignes</i></a> (in French). Paris: Océan éditions. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-907064-00-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-907064-00-2"><bdi>2-907064-00-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+justice+dans+les+Mascareignes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Oc%C3%A9an+%C3%A9ditions&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=2-907064-00-2&rft.aulast=Tabuteau&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBmgwAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hydro269-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hydro269_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hydro269_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hydro269_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoriarty1891" class="citation book cs1">Moriarty, Cpt. H.A. (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-NmhAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA269"><i>Islands in the southern Indian Ocean westward of Longitude 80 degrees east, including Madagascar</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Hydrographic_Office" title="United Kingdom Hydrographic Office">Great Britain Hydrographic Office</a>. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/416495775">416495775</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islands+in+the+southern+Indian+Ocean+westward+of+Longitude+80+degrees+east%2C+including+Madagascar&rft.place=London&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=Great+Britain+Hydrographic+Office&rft.date=1891&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F416495775&rft.aulast=Moriarty&rft.aufirst=Cpt.+H.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-NmhAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clicanoo.re/index.php?page=imprimer&id_article=97540">"| Journal de l'île de la Réunion"</a>. Clicanoo.re. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222240/http://www.clicanoo.re/index.php?page=imprimer&id_article=97540">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%26%23124%3B+Journal+de+l%27%C3%AEle+de+la+R%C3%A9union&rft.pub=Clicanoo.re&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clicanoo.re%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dimprimer%26id_article%3D97540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slavery._1980_p._75-76-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Slavery._1980_p._75-76_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slavery._1980_p._75-76_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 75-76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/decouvrir-l-assemblee/histoire">"Histoire - Assemblée nationale"</a>. <i>www2.assemblee-nationale.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702083705/https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/decouvrir-l-assemblee/histoire">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.assemblee-nationale.fr&rft.atitle=Histoire+-+Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.assemblee-nationale.fr%2Fdecouvrir-l-assemblee%2Fhistoire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slavery._1980_p._75-77-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Slavery._1980_p._75-77_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slavery._1980_p._75-77_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 75-77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raoul LUCAS et Mario SERVIABLE, C.R.I <abbr>p.</abbr> 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VTiDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT97">Chris Murray: <i>Unknown Conflicts of the Second World War – Forgotten Fronts</i>, London/New York (NY): Routledge 2019, p. 97.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabado2013" class="citation news cs1">Sabado, Elsa (17 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slate.fr/story/81217/pupilles-reunion-creuse">"Quand Debré envoyait des enfants réunionnais dans la Creuse repeupler la France: le cinquantenaire oublié"</a>. <i>Slate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Quand+Debr%C3%A9+envoyait+des+enfants+r%C3%A9unionnais+dans+la+Creuse+repeupler+la+France%3A+le+cinquantenaire+oubli%C3%A9&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft.aulast=Sabado&rft.aufirst=Elsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.fr%2Fstory%2F81217%2Fpupilles-reunion-creuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martial2003-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martial2003_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartial2003" class="citation book cs1">Martial, Jean-Jacques (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYEMAQAAMAAJ"><i>Une enfance volée</i></a>. Les Quatre Chemins. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84784-110-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84784-110-7"><bdi>978-2-84784-110-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+enfance+vol%C3%A9e&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Les+Quatre+Chemins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-2-84784-110-7&rft.aulast=Martial&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYEMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGéraldine_Marcon2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Géraldine Marcon (29 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/chronologie-l-histoire-des-enfants-reunionnais-deplaces-en-metropole-1391019290">"Chronologie: L'histoire des enfants réunionnais déplacés en métropole"</a>. <i>ici, par France Bleu et France 3</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230312082148/https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/chronologie-l-histoire-des-enfants-reunionnais-deplaces-en-metropole-1391019290">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Island+disease+hits+50%2C000+people&rft.date=2006-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F4674376.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeesoonFunkhouserKoteaSpielman2008" class="citation journal cs1">Beesoon, Sanjay; Funkhouser, Ellen; Kotea, Navaratnam; Spielman, Andrew; Robich, Rebecca M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Madagascar+hit+by+mosquito+virus&rft.date=2006-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F4777530.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Droit-francais/Guide-de-legistique/III.-Redaction-des-textes/3.6.-Application-et-applicabilite-des-textes-outre-mer/3.6.4.-Collectivites-d-Outre-mer-de-l-article-73-de-la-Constitution-Guadeloupe-Guyane-Martinique-La-Reunion-Mayotte">"Collectivités d'Outre-mer de l'article 73 de la Constitution (Guadeloupe, Guyane, Martinique, La Réunion, Mayotte)"</a>. <i>legifrance.gouv.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702024039/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Droit-francais/Guide-de-legistique/III.-Redaction-des-textes/3.6.-Application-et-applicabilite-des-textes-outre-mer/3.6.4.-Collectivites-d-Outre-mer-de-l-article-73-de-la-Constitution-Guadeloupe-Guyane-Martinique-La-Reunion-Mayotte">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legifrance.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Collectivit%C3%A9s+d%27Outre-mer+de+l%27article+73+de+la+Constitution+%28Guadeloupe%2C+Guyane%2C+Martinique%2C+La+R%C3%A9union%2C+Mayotte%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FDroit-francais%2FGuide-de-legistique%2FIII.-Redaction-des-textes%2F3.6.-Application-et-applicabilite-des-textes-outre-mer%2F3.6.4.-Collectivites-d-Outre-mer-de-l-article-73-de-la-Constitution-Guadeloupe-Guyane-Martinique-La-Reunion-Mayotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Dupont, Condé-sur-Noireau, L'Harmattan, juin 1990, 759 <abbr>p.</abbr> ISBN 2-7384-0715-3 <abbr>p.</abbr> 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/departement/974-la-reunion">"Département de La Réunion (974)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9partement+de+La+R%C3%A9union+%28974%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fmetadonnees%2Fgeographie%2Fdepartement%2F974-la-reunion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2019-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pop2019_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep974.pdf">Populations légales 2019: 974 La Réunion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412084212/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep974.pdf">Archived</a> 12 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sudindien-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sudindien_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sudindien_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/forces-prepositionnees/forces-souverainete/forces-armees-zone-sud-locean-indien">"Forces armées dans la Zone-sud de l'océan Indien"</a> [Armed Forces in the South Indian Ocean Zone] (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forces+arm%C3%A9es+dans+la+Zone-sud+de+l%27oc%C3%A9an+Indien&rft.pub=Minist%C3%A8re+des+Arm%C3%A9es&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gouv.fr%2Foperations%2Fforces-prepositionnees%2Fforces-souverainete%2Fforces-armees-zone-sud-locean-indien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorcos2021" class="citation web cs1">Morcos, Pierre (1 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/france-bridge-between-europe-and-indo-pacific">"France: A Bridge between Europe and the Indo-Pacific?"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DefenceWeb&rft.atitle=French+Rafales+visit+Reunion&rft.date=2022-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenceweb.co.za%2Faerospace%2Faerospace-aerospace%2Ffrench-rafales-visit-reunion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/actualites/fazsoi-entrainement-mutuel-paille-queue-231-aux-abords-cotes-reunionnaises">"FAZSOI - Entraînement mutuel paille-en-queue 23.1 aux abords des côtes réunionnaises"</a>. <i>DefenceWeb</i>. 31 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184434/https://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/actualites/fazsoi-entrainement-mutuel-paille-queue-231-aux-abords-cotes-reunionnaises">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Zoom sur le Panther, l'hélicoptère de la Marine Nationale"</a>. <i>franceinfo</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forces+arm%C3%A9es+dans+la+Zone-sud+de+l%27oc%C3%A9an+Indien&rft.pub=Minist%C3%A8re+des+Arm%C3%A9es&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gouv.fr%2Foperations%2Fforces-prepositionnees%2Fforces-souverainete%2Fforces-armees-zone-sud-locean-indien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.clicanoo.re/Societe/Article/2020/05/20/Le-cone-volcanique-de-leruption-du-confinement-baptise-Piton-Voulvoul">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607184709/https://www.clicanoo.re/Societe/Article/2020/05/20/Le-cone-volcanique-de-leruption-du-confinement-baptise-Piton-Voulvoul">Archived</a> 7 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Le Piton du Confinement on clicanoo.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaudacher2007" class="citation news cs1">Staudacher, Thomas (7 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070409021223/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20070407/wl_afp/francereunionvolcano">"Reunion sees 'colossal' volcano eruption, but population safe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pitons%2C+cirques+and+remparts+of+R%C3%A9union+Island&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinersteinOlsonJoshiVynne2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>67</b> (6): 534–545. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">5451287</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28608869">28608869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=An+Ecoregion-Based+Approach+to+Protecting+Half+the+Terrestrial+Realm&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=534-545&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0006-3568&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28608869&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014&rft.aulast=Dinerstein&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Olson%2C+David&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Anup&rft.au=Vynne%2C+Carly&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Neil+D.&rft.au=Wikramanayake%2C+Eric&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Palminteri%2C+Suzanne&rft.au=Hedao%2C+Prashant&rft.au=Noss%2C+Reed&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matt&rft.au=Locke%2C+Harvey&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Erle+C&rft.au=Jones%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Barber%2C+Charles+Victor&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Randy&rft.au=Kormos%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Martin%2C+Vance&rft.au=Crist%2C+Eileen&rft.au=Sechrest%2C+Wes&rft.au=Price%2C+Lori&rft.au=Baillie%2C+Jonathan+E.+M.&rft.au=Weeden%2C+Don&rft.au=Suckling%2C+Kier%C3%A1n&rft.au=Davis%2C+Crystal&rft.au=Sizer%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Thau%2C+David&rft.au=Birch%2C+Tanya&rft.au=Potapov%2C+Peter&rft.au=Turubanova%2C+Svetlana&rft.au=Tyukavina%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+Nadia&rft.au=Pintea%2C+Lilian&rft.au=Brito%2C+Jos%C3%A9+C.&rft.au=Llewellyn%2C+Othman+A.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Anthony+G.&rft.au=Patzelt%2C+Annette&rft.au=Ghazanfar%2C+Shahina+A.&rft.au=Timberlake%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Kl%C3%B6ser%2C+Heinz&rft.au=Shennan-Farp%C3%B3n%2C+Yara&rft.au=Kindt%2C+Roeland&rft.au=Lilles%C3%B8%2C+Jens-Peter+Barnekow&rft.au=van+Breugel%2C+Paulo&rft.au=Graudal%2C+Lars&rft.au=Voge%2C+Maianna&rft.au=Al-Shammari%2C+Khalaf+F.&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFADUMITRESEISTĂNESCU2009" class="citation journal cs1">ADUMITRESEI, LIDIA; STĂNESCU, IRINA (2009). "Theoretical Considerations upon the origin and nomenclature of the present rose cultivars". <i>Journal of Plant Development</i>. <b>16</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Development&rft.atitle=Theoretical+Considerations+upon+the+origin+and+nomenclature+of+the+present+rose+cultivars&rft.volume=16&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=ADUMITRESEI&rft.aufirst=LIDIA&rft.au=ST%C4%82NESCU%2C+IRINA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rose.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/History-of-Roses-Bourbon-Roses2.pdf">"History of Roses: Bourbon Roses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Rose Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.rose.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/History-of-Roses-Bourbon-Roses2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Rose+Society&rft.atitle=History+of+Roses%3A+Bourbon+Roses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rose.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F01%2FHistory-of-Roses-Bourbon-Roses2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Gabrié, «  », <i>Initiative Française pour les récifs coralliens (Ifrecor)</i>, 1998, <abbr>p.</abbr> 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald Fricke, Thierry Mulochau, Patrick Durville, Pascale Chabanet, Emmanuel Tessier et Yves Letourneur, «  », <i>Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie</i>, <abbr>vol.</abbr> 2, 2009,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uicn.fr/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Tableaux_Liste_rouge_faune_de_La_Reunion.pdf">"UICN.fr - Liste Rouge Réunion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://uicn.fr/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Tableaux_Liste_rouge_faune_de_La_Reunion.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UICN.fr+-+Liste+Rouge+R%C3%A9union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuicn.fr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F07%2FTableaux_Liste_rouge_faune_de_La_Reunion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_aNvJBZ-vUC&q=1654">"Evolution de la population du département depuis 1646"</a>. <i>Résultats statistiques du recensement général de la population des départements d'outre-mer effectué le 9 octobre 1961. Réunion</i>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. 1966. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evolution+de+la+population+du+d%C3%A9partement+depuis+1646&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9sultats+statistiques+du+recensement+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+la+population+des+d%C3%A9partements+d%27outre-mer+effectu%C3%A9+le+9+octobre+1961.+R%C3%A9union&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=INSEE&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj_aNvJBZ-vUC%26q%3D1654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark%3A/12148/cb32696174t/date%26rk%3D21459%3B2"><i>Annuaire de l'île de la Réunion</i></a>. 1875–1925. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210221503/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark%3A/12148/cb32696174t/date%26rk%3D21459%3B2">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annuaire+de+l%27%C3%AEle+de+la+R%C3%A9union&rft.date=1875%2F1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%253A%2F12148%2Fcb32696174t%2Fdate%2526rk%253D21459%253B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1954-1999-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1954-1999_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemporal2007" class="citation book cs1">Temporal, Franck (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XpJQpzh4aLQC&dq=population+la+r%C3%A9union+%22274370%22+1954+insee&pg=PA129">"Les Migrations : formes et implications sur le marché du travail"</a>. In Sandron, Frédéric (ed.). <i>La population réunionaise. Analyse démographique</i>. IRD Editions. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7099-1629-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7099-1629-5"><bdi>978-2-7099-1629-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Les+Migrations+%3A+formes+et+implications+sur+le+march%C3%A9+du+travail&rft.btitle=La+population+r%C3%A9unionaise.+Analyse+d%C3%A9mographique&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=IRD+Editions&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-2-7099-1629-5&rft.aulast=Temporal&rft.aufirst=Franck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXpJQpzh4aLQC%26dq%3Dpopulation%2Bla%2Br%25C3%25A9union%2B%2522274370%2522%2B1954%2Binsee%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/aire-attraction-des-villes-2020/9D1-saint-denis">"Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Saint-Denis (9D1)"</a>. INSEE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+de+Saint-Denis+%289D1%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fmetadonnees%2Fgeographie%2Faire-attraction-des-villes-2020%2F9D1-saint-denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-116420,5228720,245067,148203&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2021&t=A01&view=map13">"Statistiques locales: France par aire d'attraction des villes, Population municipale (historique depuis 1876) 2021"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistiques+locales%3A+France+par+aire+d%27attraction+des+villes%2C+Population+municipale+%28historique+depuis+1876%29+2021&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatistiques-locales.insee.fr%2F%23bbox%3D-116420%2C5228720%2C245067%2C148203%26c%3Dindicator%26i%3Dpop_depuis_1876.pop%26s%3D2021%26t%3DA01%26view%3Dmap13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immig_2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-immig_2_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-immig_2_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-immig_2_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-immig_2_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6456040?sommaire=6456104">"Individus localisés à la région en 2019 - Recensement de la population - Fichiers détail"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210005632/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6456040?sommaire=6456104">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Individus+localis%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+la+r%C3%A9gion+en+2019+-+Recensement+de+la+population+-+Fichiers+d%C3%A9tail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F6456040%3Fsommaire%3D6456104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IRD-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IRD_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IRD_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemporal2007" class="citation book cs1">Temporal, Franck (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z_wQCwAAQBAJ&dq=Tableau+4+Population+de+la+R%C3%A9union+selon+le+lieu+de+naissance+aux+recensements+134&pg=PA134">"Les Migrations : formes et implications sur le marché du travail"</a>. In Sandron, Frédéric (ed.). <i>La population réunionaise. Analyse démographique</i>. IRD Editions. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7099-1629-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7099-1629-5"><bdi>978-2-7099-1629-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Les+Migrations+%3A+formes+et+implications+sur+le+march%C3%A9+du+travail&rft.btitle=La+population+r%C3%A9unionaise.+Analyse+d%C3%A9mographique&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=IRD+Editions&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-2-7099-1629-5&rft.aulast=Temporal&rft.aufirst=Franck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz_wQCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DTableau%2B4%2BPopulation%2Bde%2Bla%2BR%25C3%25A9union%2Bselon%2Ble%2Blieu%2Bde%2Bnaissance%2Baux%2Brecensements%2B134%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immig_1-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-immig_1_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-immig_1_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-immig_1_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6023301?sommaire=2414232">"Données harmonisées des recensements de la population 1968–2018"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204104939/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6023301?sommaire=2414232">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donn%C3%A9es+harmonis%C3%A9es+des+recensements+de+la+population+1968%E2%80%932018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F6023301%3Fsommaire%3D2414232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/french-island-la-reunion-is-home-to-several-gujaratis/articleshow/55988312.cms">"French island La Réunion is home to several Gujaratis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 15 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517122617/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/French-island-La-Reunion-is-home-to-several-Gujaratis/articleshow/55988312.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=French+island+La+R%C3%A9union+is+home+to+several+Gujaratis&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fsurat%2Ffrench-island-la-reunion-is-home-to-several-gujaratis%2Farticleshow%2F55988312.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppenheimer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Oppenheimer, David B. (20 August 2008). "SSRN-Why France Needs to Collect Data on Racial Identity – In a French Way by David Oppenheimer". <i><a href="/wiki/Hastings_International_and_Comparative_Law_Review" title="Hastings International and Comparative Law Review">Hastings International and Comparative Law Review</a></i>. <b>31</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1236362">1236362</a> – via Papers.ssrn.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hastings+International+and+Comparative+Law+Review&rft.atitle=SSRN-Why+France+Needs+to+Collect+Data+on+Racial+Identity+%E2%80%93+In+a+French+Way+by+David+Oppenheimer&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2008-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1236362%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.aufirst=David+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolm1989" class="citation book cs1">Holm, John A. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC&pg=PA394"><i>Pidgins and Creoles: References survey</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 394. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-35940-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-35940-6"><bdi>0-521-35940-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pidgins+and+Creoles%3A+References+survey&rft.pages=394&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-521-35940-6&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPcD7p9y3EIcC%26pg%3DPA394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821114441/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter6.pdf">"Réunion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Indian Diaspora</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Diaspora&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiandiaspora.nic.in%2Fdiasporapdf%2Fchapter6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClicanoo" class="citation web cs1">Clicanoo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?id_article=97657&page=article">"La Réunion Métisse"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120052810/http://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?id_article=97657&page=article">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+R%C3%A9union+M%C3%A9tisse&rft.au=Clicanoo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clicanoo.com%2Findex.php%3Fid_article%3D97657%26page%3Darticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-advan-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-advan_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarnusBourdon2006" class="citation journal cs1">Tarnus, Evelyne; Bourdon, Emmanuel (2006). "Anthropometric evaluations of body composition of undergraduate students at the University of La Réunion". <i>Advances in Physiology Education</i>. <b>30</b> (4): 248–253. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fadvan.00069.2005">10.1152/advan.00069.2005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17108254">17108254</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19474655">19474655</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Physiology+Education&rft.atitle=Anthropometric+evaluations+of+body+composition+of+undergraduate+students+at+the+University+of+La+R%C3%A9union&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=248-253&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19474655%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17108254&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fadvan.00069.2005&rft.aulast=Tarnus&rft.aufirst=Evelyne&rft.au=Bourdon%2C+Emmanuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religiousintelligence-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-religiousintelligence_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-religiousintelligence_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013201658/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151">"Country Profile: Reunion (Department of Reunion)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151">the original</a> on 13 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Reunion+%28Department+of+Reunion%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religiousintelligence.co.uk%2Fcountry%2F%3FCountryID%3D151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indiandiaspora.nic.in-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indiandiaspora.nic.in_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indiandiaspora.nic.in_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821114441/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter6.pdf">"NRI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NRI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiandiaspora.nic.in%2Fdiasporapdf%2Fchapter6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Reunion">"Reunion | History, Location, Map, Population, & Facts"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220413163151/https://www.britannica.com/place/Reunion">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reunion+%26%23124%3B+History%2C+Location%2C+Map%2C+Population%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FReunion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tsqua-r16i4C&pg=PA412"><i>Peoples of Africa: Réunion-Somalia</i></a>. Marshall Cavendish. 2001. pp. 412–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7166-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7166-0"><bdi>978-0-7614-7166-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peoples+of+Africa%3A+R%C3%A9union-Somalia&rft.pages=412-&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7166-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTsqua-r16i4C%26pg%3DPA412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=rcf">"Ethnologue report (language code:rcf)"</a>. Ethnologue.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101218041810/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=rcf">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue+report+%28language+code%3Arcf%29&rft.pub=Ethnologue.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Drcf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casls.uoregon.edu/mosaic/FR_mosaic/africa/FR_U4A3/LaFranceColoniale.html">"La France coloniale"</a>. <i>casls.uoregon.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222162722/https://casls.uoregon.edu/mosaic/FR_mosaic/africa/FR_U4A3/LaFranceColoniale.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=casls.uoregon.edu&rft.atitle=La+France+coloniale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasls.uoregon.edu%2Fmosaic%2FFR_mosaic%2Fafrica%2FFR_U4A3%2FLaFranceColoniale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reunion.fr/decouvrez/au-rythme-de-la-musique-creole-a-la-reunion/">"Au rythme de la musique créole à La Réunion"</a>. <i>Île de la Réunion Tourisme</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625121227/https://www.reunion.fr/decouvrez/au-rythme-de-la-musique-creole-a-la-reunion/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%8Ele+de+la+R%C3%A9union+Tourisme&rft.atitle=Au+rythme+de+la+musique+cr%C3%A9ole+%C3%A0+La+R%C3%A9union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reunion.fr%2Fdecouvrez%2Fau-rythme-de-la-musique-creole-a-la-reunion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reunion.fr/decouvrez/gastronomie/les-epices-et-les-senteurs/le-curcuma/">"Le Curcuma"</a>. <i>Île de la Réunion Tourisme</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190646/https://www.reunion.fr/decouvrez/gastronomie/les-epices-et-les-senteurs/le-curcuma/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C3%8Ele+de+la+R%C3%A9union+Tourisme&rft.atitle=Le+Curcuma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reunion.fr%2Fdecouvrez%2Fgastronomie%2Fles-epices-et-les-senteurs%2Fle-curcuma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marmiton.org/recettes/recette_saute-de-porc-a-l-ananas-tres-facile_66650.aspx">"Sauté de porc à l'ananas très facile"</a>. <i>Marmiton</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716035406/https://www.marmiton.org/recettes/recette_saute-de-porc-a-l-ananas-tres-facile_66650.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marmiton&rft.atitle=Saut%C3%A9+de+porc+%C3%A0+l%27ananas+tr%C3%A8s+facile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marmiton.org%2Frecettes%2Frecette_saute-de-porc-a-l-ananas-tres-facile_66650.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801030535/https://www.clicanoo.re/Societe/Article/2018/02/19/Le-civet-de-Tangue-par-Pepe-do-Fe_515729">"Le civet de Tangue, par Pépé do Fé"</a>. <i>Clicanoo.re</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clicanoo.re/Societe/Article/2018/02/19/Le-civet-de-Tangue-par-Pepe-do-Fe_515729">the original</a> on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clicanoo.re&rft.atitle=Le+civet+de+Tangue%2C+par+P%C3%A9p%C3%A9+do+F%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clicanoo.re%2FSociete%2FArticle%2F2018%2F02%2F19%2FLe-civet-de-Tangue-par-Pepe-do-Fe_515729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reunion.FR17-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reunion.FR17_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820235137/https://en.reunion.fr/organize/news/the-grand-raid-25-years-of-madness">"The Grand Raid: 25 years of madness!"</a>. <i>La Réunion</i>. 12 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.reunion.fr/organize/news/the-grand-raid-25-years-of-madness">the original</a> on 20 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+R%C3%A9union&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Raid%3A+25+years+of+madness%21&rft.date=2017-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.reunion.fr%2Forganize%2Fnews%2Fthe-grand-raid-25-years-of-madness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reunion.athle.com/">"Site officiel de la Ligue Réunionnaise d'Athlétisme"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305100033/http://reunion.athle.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Site+officiel+de+la+Ligue+R%C3%A9unionnaise+d%27Athl%C3%A9tisme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freunion.athle.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/insee_regions/reunion/themes/dossiers/ter/ter2007_05_1_parc_logements.pdf">"Tableau économique régional de La Réunion, Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, 2007"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.insee.fr/fr/insee_regions/reunion/themes/dossiers/ter/ter2007_05_1_parc_logements.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tableau+%C3%A9conomique+r%C3%A9gional+de+La+R%C3%A9union%2C+Institut+national+de+la+statistique+et+des+%C3%A9tudes+%C3%A9conomiques%2C+2007.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Finsee_regions%2Freunion%2Fthemes%2Fdossiers%2Fter%2Fter2007_05_1_parc_logements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cartedelareunion.fr/listings/la-villa-deramond-barre">"La Villa Déramond Barre"</a>. <i>Carte de La Réunion</i> (in French). 23 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724152152/https://www.cartedelareunion.fr/listings/la-villa-deramond-barre">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carte+de+La+R%C3%A9union&rft.atitle=La+Villa+D%C3%A9ramond+Barre&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cartedelareunion.fr%2Flistings%2Fla-villa-deramond-barre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/visitreunion/">"Réunion Island (@visitreunion) • Instagram photos and videos"</a>. <i>instagram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=instagram.com&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9union+Island+%28%40visitreunion%29+%E2%80%A2+Instagram+photos+and+videos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fvisitreunion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625114306/http://www.lareunionnumerique.net/pages/accueil.php">"La Réunion Numérique"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lareunionnumerique.net/">the original</a> on 25 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+R%C3%A9union+Num%C3%A9rique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lareunionnumerique.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=614,638,616,748,618,624,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,642,643,734,644,646,648,652,656,654,664,666,668,674,676,678,684,688,728,692,694,714,716,722,718,724,199,733,738,742,746,754,698,&s=NGDPDPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database: October 2021"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220323173227/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=614,638,616,748,618,624,622,626,628,632,636,634,662,642,643,734,644,646,648,652,656,654,664,666,668,674,676,678,684,688,728,692,694,714,716,722,718,724,199,733,738,742,746,754,698,&s=NGDPDPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%3A+October+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2021%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D614%2C638%2C616%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C642%2C643%2C734%2C644%2C646%2C648%2C652%2C656%2C654%2C664%2C666%2C668%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C684%2C688%2C728%2C692%2C694%2C714%2C716%2C722%2C718%2C724%2C199%2C733%2C738%2C742%2C746%2C754%2C698%2C%26s%3DNGDPDPC%2C%26sy%3D2019%26ey%3D2026%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_98-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_98-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_98-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_98-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_98-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/5020211">"Produits intérieurs bruts régionaux et valeurs ajoutées régionales de 2000 à 2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313044930/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/5020211">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produits+int%C3%A9rieurs+bruts+r%C3%A9gionaux+et+valeurs+ajout%C3%A9es+r%C3%A9gionales+de+2000+%C3%A0+2020&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F5020211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1996_2020-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1996_2020_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1996_2020_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1996_2020_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1996_2020_99-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2386064">"Comptes économiques de La Réunion. Principaux indicateurs de 1996 à 2020 – base 2014"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407055152/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2386064">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comptes+%C3%A9conomiques+de+La+R%C3%A9union.+Principaux+indicateurs+de+1996+%C3%A0+2020+%E2%80%93+base+2014.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F2386064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tourism_La_Reunion-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tourism_La_Reunion_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elefant-tours.de/reisen/la-reunion/">"Insel La Réunion Reisen & Urlaub buchen | Reiseveranstalter Elefant Tours"</a>. <i>Elefant Tours</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002162416/https://www.elefant-tours.de/reisen/la-reunion/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elefant+Tours&rft.atitle=Insel+La+R%C3%A9union+Reisen+%26+Urlaub+buchen+%26%23124%3B+Reiseveranstalter+Elefant+Tours&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elefant-tours.de%2Freisen%2Fla-reunion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigisat.eu/web/en/63-news.php?item=71">"SEAS-OI, VIGISAT international success Réunion Island acquires an acquisition and processing system for high-resolution satellite images"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427094741/http://www.vigisat.eu/web/en/63-news.php?item=71">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SEAS-OI%2C+VIGISAT+international+success+R%C3%A9union+Island+acquires+an+acquisition+and+processing+system+for+high-resolution+satellite+images&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vigisat.eu%2Fweb%2Fen%2F63-news.php%3Fitem%3D71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190203011721/https://www.cls.fr/en/ground-segments-and-operations/surveillance-of-maritime-and-terrestrial-activities-by-radar/#fragment1">"Surveillance of maritime and terrestrial activities by radar"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cls.fr/en/ground-segments-and-operations/surveillance-of-maritime-and-terrestrial-activities-by-radar/#fragment1">the original</a> on 3 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surveillance+of+maritime+and+terrestrial+activities+by+radar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cls.fr%2Fen%2Fground-segments-and-operations%2Fsurveillance-of-maritime-and-terrestrial-activities-by-radar%2F%23fragment1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2386064">"Derniers résultats des comptes définitifs : 1996 à 2017 – base 2014. Activité des branches"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407055152/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2386064">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Derniers+r%C3%A9sultats+des+comptes+d%C3%A9finitifs+%3A+1996+%C3%A0+2017+%E2%80%93+base+2014.+Activit%C3%A9+des+branches.&rft.pub=INSEE&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F2386064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chomage-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chomage_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7935957?sommaire=7936570#graphique-figure4">"Bilan économique 2023 - La Réunion - Chômage et politiques de l'emploi - Le taux d'emploi progresse, notamment en raison de la participation croissante des femmes au marché du travail"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bilan+%C3%A9conomique+2023+-+La+R%C3%A9union+-+Ch%C3%B4mage+et+politiques+de+l%27emploi+-+Le+taux+d%27emploi+progresse%2C+notamment+en+raison+de+la+participation+croissante+des+femmes+au+march%C3%A9+du+travail&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7935957%3Fsommaire%3D7936570%23graphique-figure4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCélimèneLegris2011" class="citation book cs1">Célimène, Fred; Legris, André (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n2QkA7LOJC8C&pg=PA179"><i>De l'économie coloniale à l'économie mondialisée – Aspects multiples de la transition (XX<sup>e</sup> et XXI<sup>e</sup> siècles)</i></a>. Paris: Publibook. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7483-7225-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7483-7225-0"><bdi>978-2-7483-7225-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+l%27%C3%A9conomie+coloniale+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9conomie+mondialis%C3%A9e+%E2%80%93+Aspects+multiples+de+la+transition+%28XX%3Csup%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E+et+XXI%3Csup%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E+si%C3%A8cles%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Publibook&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-2-7483-7225-0&rft.aulast=C%C3%A9lim%C3%A8ne&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Legris%2C+Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn2QkA7LOJC8C%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7767624#titre-bloc-1">"En 2021, le taux de pauvreté s'élève à 36 % à La Réunion"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=En+2021%2C+le+taux+de+pauvret%C3%A9+s%27%C3%A9l%C3%A8ve+%C3%A0+36+%25+%C3%A0+La+R%C3%A9union&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7767624%23titre-bloc-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iedom.fr/IMG/pdf/ra_final.pdf">"Rapport annuel économique de La Réunion 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Institut d'émission des départements d'outre-mer. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapport+annuel+%C3%A9conomique+de+La+R%C3%A9union+2023&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Institut+d%27%C3%A9mission+des+d%C3%A9partements+d%27outre-mer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iedom.fr%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fra_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Notes sur La Réunion. Industrie sucrière, commerce, agriculture, immigration », dans <i>Revue maritime et coloniale</i>, avril 1861, <abbr>p.</abbr> 350-362</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/light-rail/consultation-begins-on-reunion-tram-project/">"Consultation begins on Réunion tram project"</a>. <i>International Railway Journal</i>. 27 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190827123916/https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/light-rail/consultation-begins-on-reunion-tram-project/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Railway+Journal&rft.atitle=Consultation+begins+on+R%C3%A9union+tram+project&rft.date=2019-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railjournal.com%2Fpassenger%2Flight-rail%2Fconsultation-begins-on-reunion-tram-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac-reunion.fr/la-pedagogie/education-prioritaire.html">"Éducation prioritaire"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702053449/http://www.ac-reunion.fr/la-pedagogie/education-prioritaire.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89ducation+prioritaire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ac-reunion.fr%2Fla-pedagogie%2Feducation-prioritaire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univ-reunion.fr/">"Site de l'Université de la Réunion 2020/2021"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630103119/https://www.univ-reunion.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Site+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+de+la+R%C3%A9union+2020%2F2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.univ-reunion.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guide-reunion.fr/">"Guide tourisme et loisirs, guide pratique"</a>. <i>guide-reunion.fr</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627235620/https://guide-reunion.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guide-reunion.fr&rft.atitle=Guide+tourisme+et+loisirs%2C+guide+pratique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguide-reunion.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zinfos974.com/Saint-Philippe-Le-drapeau-Lo-Maveli-adopte-par-la-mairie_a72018.html">"Saint-Philippe: Le drapeau Lo Mavéli adopté par la mairie"</a>. <i>Zinfos 974, l'actualité de l'île de La Réunion</i> (in French). 27 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926040230/https://www.zinfos974.com/Saint-Philippe-Le-drapeau-Lo-Maveli-adopte-par-la-mairie_a72018.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zinfos+974%2C+l%27actualit%C3%A9+de+l%27%C3%AEle+de+La+R%C3%A9union&rft.atitle=Saint-Philippe%3A+Le+drapeau+Lo+Mav%C3%A9li+adopt%C3%A9+par+la+mairie&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zinfos974.com%2FSaint-Philippe-Le-drapeau-Lo-Maveli-adopte-par-la-mairie_a72018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AR%C3%A9union" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>James Rogers and Luis Simón. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/dv/sede300309studype407004_/SEDE300309StudyPE407004_en.pdf">The Status and Location of the Military Installations of the Member States of the European Union and Their Potential Role for the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP).</a> Brussels: European Parliament, 2009. 25 pp.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:R%C3%A9union" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Réunion">Réunion</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union#Q17070" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Réunion">Réunion</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departement974.fr/">Departmental Council website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reunion.gouv.fr/">Prefecture website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://regionreunion.com/">Regional Council website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_information">General information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: General information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reunion.fr/en/">Official tourism website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1317">UNESCO World Heritage Site datasheet</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_R%C3%A9union" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Réunion">Wikimedia Atlas of Réunion</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:R%C3%A9union_topics" title="Template:Réunion topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:R%C3%A9union_topics" title="Template talk:Réunion topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:R%C3%A9union_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Réunion topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Réunion_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Réunion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Politics of Réunion">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Wildlife of Réunion">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Geography of Réunion">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Places" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.4em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafate" title="Mafate">Cirque de Mafate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_hotspot" title="Réunion hotspot">Hotspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Réunion">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Arrondissements of the Réunion department">Arrondisements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Cantons of the Réunion department">Cantons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_R%C3%A9union_department" title="Communes of the Réunion department">Communes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Coat of arms of Réunion"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/80px-Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/120px-Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg/160px-Blason_R%C3%A9union_DOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Economy of Réunion">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Tourism in Réunion">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Transport in Réunion">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Austral" title="Air Austral">Air Austral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Tram_Train" title="Réunion Tram Train">Tram Train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Creole" title="Réunion Creole">Creole language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Flag of Réunion">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%82me_de_la_France" title="L'Âme de la France"><i>L'Âme de la France</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(statues)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Music of Réunion">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%27tite_fleur_aim%C3%A9e" title="P'tite fleur aimée">"P'tite fleur aimée" <span style="font-size:85%;">(regional anthem)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Séga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_R%C3%A9union" title="List of people from Réunion">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Réunion">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Football in Réunion">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Premier_League" title="Réunion Premier League">Premier League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_national_football_team" title="Réunion national football team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Rugby union in Réunion">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_national_rugby_union_team" title="Réunion national rugby union team">national team</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Demographics of Réunion">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cafres" title="Cafres">Cafres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Chinese people in Réunion">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Indians in Réunion">Indo-Réunionnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malbars" title="Malbars">Malbars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarabes" title="Zarabes">Zarabes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoreilles" title="Zoreilles">Zoreilles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:R%C3%A9union" title="Category:Réunion">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Réunion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Réunion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Réunion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Dependencies_of_European_Union_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_dependencies" title="Template:EU dependencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EU_dependencies" title="Template talk:EU dependencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EU_dependencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EU dependencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Dependencies_of_European_Union_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> states</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png" class="mw-file-description" title="EU dependencies"><img alt="EU dependencies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/250px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/375px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png/500px-Map-Europe-Outermost-regions-de.png 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Île Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Île Saint-Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Outermost_regions_of_European_Union_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Template:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Template talk:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EU_Outermost_regions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EU Outermost regions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Outermost_regions_of_European_Union_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_member_state_territories_and_the_European_Union#Outermost_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Special member state territories and the European Union">Outermost regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> states</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU_outermost_regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/150px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/225px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EU_outermost_regions.svg/300px-EU_outermost_regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint-Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Overseas_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_France" title="Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_France" title="Template talk:Overseas France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas<wbr /> regions</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas<wbr /> collectivities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a><wbr /> collectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uninhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Uninhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a><wbr /> (<a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern<wbr /> and Antarctic Lands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_domains_of_Saint_Helena" title="French domains of Saint Helena">French domains of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_domains_of_the_Holy_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French domains of the Holy Land (page does not exist)">French domains of the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in<wbr /> the Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a><sup><small>2, 3</small></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also known as <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Departments_of_France" title="Template talk:Departments of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Departments_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Departments of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Departments_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departments of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Metropolitan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>01 <a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a></li> <li>02 <a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a></li> <li>03 <a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a></li> <li>04 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a></li> <li>05 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a></li> <li>06 <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a></li> <li>07 <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a></li> <li>08 <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a></li> <li>09 <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a></li> <li>11 <a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a></li> <li>13 <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></li> <li>14 <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a></li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a></li> <li>16 <a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a></li> <li>17 <a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a></li> <li>18 <a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a></li> <li>19 <a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a></li> <li>2A <a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a></li> <li>2B <a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a></li> <li>21 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li>22 <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a></li> <li>23 <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a></li> <li>24 <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a></li> <li>25 <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a></li> <li>26 <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a></li> <li>27 <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a></li> <li>28 <a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a></li> <li>29 <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a></li> <li>30 <a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a></li> <li>31 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a></li> <li>32 <a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a></li> <li>33 <a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a></li> <li>34 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a></li> <li>35 <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a></li> <li>36 <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a></li> <li>37 <a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a></li> <li>38 <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a></li> <li>39 <a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a></li> <li>40 <a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a></li> <li>41 <a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a></li> <li>42 <a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a></li> <li>43 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a></li> <li>44 <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a></li> <li>45 <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a></li> <li>46 <a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a></li> <li>47 <a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>48 <a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a></li> <li>49 <a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a></li> <li>50 <a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a></li> <li>51 <a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a></li> <li>52 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a></li> <li>53 <a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a></li> <li>54 <a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a></li> <li>55 <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a></li> <li>56 <a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a></li> <li>57 <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a></li> <li>58 <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a></li> <li>59 <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></li> <li>60 <a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a></li> <li>61 <a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a></li> <li>62 <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li>63 <a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a></li> <li>64 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></li> <li>65 <a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a></li> <li>66 <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li> <li>67 <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a></li> <li>68 <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a></li> <li>69D <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a></li> <li>70 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a></li> <li>71 <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a></li> <li>72 <a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a></li> <li>73 <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a></li> <li>74 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a></li> <li>76 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a></li> <li>77 <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a></li> <li>78 <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a></li> <li>79 <a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a></li> <li>80 <a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a></li> <li>81 <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a></li> <li>82 <a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a></li> <li>83 <a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a></li> <li>84 <a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a></li> <li>85 <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>86 <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a></li> <li>87 <a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a></li> <li>88 <a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a></li> <li>89 <a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a></li> <li>90 <a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a></li> <li>91 <a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a></li> <li>92 <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a></li> <li>93 <a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li>94 <a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a></li> <li>95 <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>971 <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li>972 <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>973 <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> <small><i>(territorial collectivity)</i></small></li> <li>974 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a></li> <li>976 <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>69M <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Lyon" title="Metropolis of Lyon">Lyon</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li> <li>75 <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> <small><i>(collectivity with special status)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>975 <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> <small><i>(Overseas collectivity)</i></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Template talk:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories bordering the Indian Ocean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_bordering_the_Indian_Ocean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories bordering the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indianocean.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Indian Ocean"><img alt="Map of the Indian Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/100px-Indianocean.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/150px-Indianocean.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Indianocean.PNG/200px-Indianocean.PNG 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">United Kingdom</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Australia)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_France" title="Template talk:Regions of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_regions_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Administrative regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current (since 2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a> (Centre Region until 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former (1982–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvergne_(administrative_region)" title="Auvergne (administrative region)">Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon">Languedoc-Roussillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Normandy" title="Lower Normandy">Lower Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes">Poitou-Charentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Normandy" title="Upper Normandy">Upper Normandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas regions">Overseas regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_regions_of_France" title="Flags of the regions of France">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_list_of_French_regions" title="Ranked list of French regions">Ranked by area/population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of French regions by Human Development Index">by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">Regional councils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Réunion-related_lists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:R%C3%A9union-related_lists" title="Template:Réunion-related lists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:R%C3%A9union-related_lists" title="Template talk:Réunion-related lists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:R%C3%A9union-related_lists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Réunion-related lists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Réunion-related_lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a>-related lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_R%C3%A9union" title="List of airports in Réunion">List of airports in Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_R%C3%A9union" title="List of birds of Réunion">List of birds of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butterflies_of_R%C3%A9union" title="List of butterflies of Réunion">List of butterflies of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_and_departmental_heads_of_R%C3%A9union" title="List of colonial and departmental heads of Réunion">List of colonial and departmental heads of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_animals_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of extinct animals of Réunion">List of extinct animals of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_R%C3%A9union" title="List of football clubs in Réunion">List of football clubs in Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_R%C3%A9union" title="List of mammals of Réunion">List of mammals of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_R%C3%A9union" title="List of non-marine molluscs of Réunion">List of non-marine molluscs of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moths_of_R%C3%A9union" title="List of moths of Réunion">List of moths of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_R%C3%A9union" title="List of political parties in Réunion">List of political parties in Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of supermarket chains in Réunion">List of supermarket chains in Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_R%C3%A9union" title="List of volcanoes in Réunion">List of volcanoes in Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/16px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/24px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" 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href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(South Africa)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ethiopia)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17070#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121563951">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131337096">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205795/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4049639-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79079314">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865432v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865432v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35225317">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Réunion (Francie : departement)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge867132&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453565">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/97mpnngt5br02n9">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007547798105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6de750e8-8280-37cf-bd98-0dd800419a18">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/30a7f3d7-4191-4e77-816a-327431620980">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/i6686WsE">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026399598">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035794">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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