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<li id="toc-Pre-Thăng_Long_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Thăng_Long_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Thăng Long period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Thăng_Long_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lý–Trần_period_(11th–14th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lý–Trần_period_(11th–14th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Lý–Trần period (11th–14th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lý–Trần_period_(11th–14th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lê–Mạc_period_(15th–18th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lê–Mạc_period_(15th–18th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Lê–Mạc period (15th–18th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lê–Mạc_period_(15th–18th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nguyễn_period_(18th–19th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nguyễn_period_(18th–19th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Nguyễn period (18th–19th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nguyễn_period_(18th–19th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_colonial–revolutionary_periods_(19th–20th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_colonial–revolutionary_periods_(19th–20th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>French colonial–revolutionary periods (19th–20th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_colonial–revolutionary_periods_(19th–20th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Relics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archaeological_Site_18_Hoàng_Diệu_Street" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_Site_18_Hoàng_Diệu_Street"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Archaeological Site 18 Hoàng Diệu Street</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_Site_18_Hoàng_Diệu_Street-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hanoi_Flag_Tower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanoi_Flag_Tower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hanoi Flag Tower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanoi_Flag_Tower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_Gate_(Đoan_Môn,_端門)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_Gate_(Đoan_Môn,_端門)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Main Gate (<i>Đoan Môn, 端門</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_Gate_(Đoan_Môn,_端門)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinh_Thiên_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinh_Thiên_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kinh Thiên Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinh_Thiên_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rear_Palace_(Hậu_Lâu)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rear_Palace_(Hậu_Lâu)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Rear Palace (<i>Hậu Lâu</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rear_Palace_(Hậu_Lâu)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Gate_(Cửa_Bắc,_or_Bắc_Môn)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Gate_(Cửa_Bắc,_or_Bắc_Môn)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>North Gate (<i>Cửa Bắc, or Bắc Môn</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Gate_(Cửa_Bắc,_or_Bắc_Môn)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_D67_and_bunker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_D67_and_bunker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Building D67 and bunker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_D67_and_bunker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4ng-si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF_Seng-li%C3%B4ng" title="Hông-siâⁿ Seng-liông – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hông-siâⁿ Seng-liông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutadella_Imperial_de_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Ciutadella Imperial de Thăng Long – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutadella Imperial de Thăng Long" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanglongsk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A9_m%C4%9Bsto" title="Thanglongské královské město – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thanglongské královské město" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitadelle_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Zitadelle Thăng Long – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zitadelle Thăng Long" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_imperial_de_Thang_Long" title="Ciudad imperial de Thang Long – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad imperial de Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thang_Long" title="Thang Long – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C4%83ng_Longeko_Hiri_Inperiala" title="Thăng Longeko Hiri Inperiala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thăng Longeko Hiri Inperiala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%98_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دژ سلطنتی ثونگ لونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دژ سلطنتی ثونگ لونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_imp%C3%A9riale_de_Thang_Long" title="Cité impériale de Thang Long – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cité impériale de Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%95%EB%A1%B1_%ED%99%A9%EC%84%B1" title="탕롱 황성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탕롱 황성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thang_Long" title="Thang Long – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citt%C3%A0_imperiale_di_Thang_Long" title="Città imperiale di Thang Long – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Città imperiale di Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="מצודת טהאנג לונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצודת טהאנג לונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="თანგ-ლონგის სამეფო ქალაქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თანგ-ლონგის სამეფო ქალაქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanlonas_citadele" title="Tanlonas citadele – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tanlonas citadele" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="थाङ लोङक शाही कोट – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="थाङ लोङक शाही कोट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aittadella_Imperjali_ta%27_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Ċittadella Imperjali ta' Thăng Long – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċittadella Imperjali ta' Thăng Long" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="თანგ-ლონგიშ ომაფე ნოღა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თანგ-ლონგიშ ომაფე ნოღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubu_kota_empayar_Thang_Long" title="Kubu kota empayar Thang Long – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kubu kota empayar Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keizerlijke_stad_van_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Keizerlijke stad van Thăng Long – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keizerlijke stad van Thăng Long" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="थाङ लोङको शाही कोट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="थाङ लोङको शाही कोट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E9%81%BA%E8%B7%A1" title="タンロン遺跡 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タンロン遺跡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_keiserlige_citadell_i_Thang_Long" title="Det keiserlige citadell i Thang Long – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det keiserlige citadell i Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytadela_Cesarska_w_Hanoi" title="Cytadela Cesarska w Hanoi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cytadela Cesarska w Hanoi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_Imperial_de_Thang_Long" title="Cidade Imperial de Thang Long – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade Imperial de Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ханойская цитадель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ханойская цитадель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis%C3%A1rska_citadela_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Cisárska citadela Thăng Long – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cisárska citadela Thăng Long" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarska_citadela_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Cesarska citadela Thăng Long – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cesarska citadela Thăng Long" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Цитадела Танг Лонг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цитадела Танг Лонг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thang_Long" title="Thang Long – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thang Long" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C4%83ng_Longin_keisarillinen_linnoitus" title="Thăng Longin keisarillinen linnoitus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thăng Longin keisarillinen linnoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thang_Longs_kejserliga_stad" title="Thang Longs kejserliga stad – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thang Longs kejserliga stad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ป้อมปราการหลวงทังล็อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ป้อมปราการหลวงทังล็อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C4%83ng_Long_%C4%B0mparatorluk_Kalesi" title="Thăng Long İmparatorluk Kalesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thăng Long İmparatorluk Kalesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ханойська цитадель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ханойська цитадель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_th%C3%A0nh_Th%C4%83ng_Long" title="Hoàng thành Thăng Long – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hoàng thành Thăng Long" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&params=21_2_22_N_105_50_14_E_region:VN-64_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°2′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">105°50′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.03944°N 105.83722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.03944; 105.83722</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Thang_Long&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Citadel of Thang Long">Imperial Citadel of Thang Long</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic complex of buildings in Hanoi, Vietnam</div> <style 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long – Hanoi</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Gate_-_Citadel_of_Hanoi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Main_Gate_-_Citadel_of_Hanoi.jpg/260px-Main_Gate_-_Citadel_of_Hanoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Main_Gate_-_Citadel_of_Hanoi.jpg/390px-Main_Gate_-_Citadel_of_Hanoi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Main_Gate_-_Citadel_of_Hanoi.jpg/520px-Main_Gate_-_Citadel_of_Hanoi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6156" data-file-height="1742" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Đoan Môn, the main gate to the palatial complex of Later Lê Emperors.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1328">1328</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2010 (34th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">18.395 ha (45.46 acres)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">108 ha (270 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&params=21_2_22_N_105_50_14_E_region:VN-64_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°2′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">105°50′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.03944°N 105.83722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.03944; 105.83722</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.504%;left:47.497%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long"><img alt="Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long in Vietnam</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Hanoi" title="Category:History of Hanoi">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hanoi" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hanoi">History of <span class="fn org label">Hanoi</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lichsuhanoimoi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lichsuhanoimoi.png/200px-Lichsuhanoimoi.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lichsuhanoimoi.png/300px-Lichsuhanoimoi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lichsuhanoimoi.png/400px-Lichsuhanoimoi.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Âu Lạc period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_Loa_Citadel" title="Cổ Loa Citadel">Cổ Loa Citadel</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Chinese period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Jiaozhi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jiao_Province_Campaign" title="Jiao Province Campaign">Siege of Jiao (271)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn" title="Long Biên">Long Biên</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Songping" title="Songping">Tống Bình</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Songping" title="Siege of Songping">Siege of Songping</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tang-Nanzhao_conflicts_in_Annan" title="Tang-Nanzhao conflicts in Annan">Tang-Nanzhao war</a>)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_La" title="Đại La">Đại La</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Imperial period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Edict_on_the_Transfer_of_the_Capital" title="Edict on the Transfer of the Capital">Edict on the Transfer of the Capital</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sack_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long_(1285)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sack of Thăng Long (1285) (page does not exist)">Sack of Thăng Long (1285)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sack_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long_(1288)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sack of Thăng Long (1288) (page does not exist)">Sack of Thăng Long (1288)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sack_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long_(1371)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sack of Thăng Long (1371) (page does not exist)">Sack of Thăng Long (1371)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sack_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long_(1383)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sack of Thăng Long (1383) (page does not exist)">Sack of Thăng Long (1383)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Battle of Chương Dương">Battle of Chương Dương</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Đông Kinh</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Th%C3%A0nh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bắc Thành">Bắc Thành</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanoi_(1873)" title="Battle of Hanoi (1873)">Battle of Hanoi (1873)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanoi_(1882)" title="Battle of Hanoi (1882)">Battle of Hanoi (1882)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gia_Cuc" title="Battle of Gia Cuc">Battle of Gia Cuc</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_(1883)" title="Battle of Cầu Giấy (1883)">Battle of Cầu Giấy (1883)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">French period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Great_Hanoi_Rat_Massacre" title="Great Hanoi Rat Massacre">Great Hanoi Rat Massacre</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Exhibition" title="Hanoi Exhibition">Hanoi Exhibition</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Poison_Plot" title="Hanoi Poison Plot">Hanoi Poison Plot</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Modern Hanoi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_independence_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Vietnam" title="Declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam">Declaration of independence</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanoi_(1946)" title="Battle of Hanoi (1946)">Battle of Hanoi (1946)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Rolling_Thunder" title="Operation Rolling Thunder">Operation Rolling Thunder</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C3%A2y_province" title="Hà Tây province">Hà Tây province</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y_prison_camp" title="Sơn Tây prison camp">Sơn Tây prison camp</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivory_Coast" title="Operation Ivory Coast">Operation Ivory Coast</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/APEC_Vietnam_2006" title="APEC Vietnam 2006">APEC Vietnam 2006</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Millennial_Anniversary_of_Hanoi" title="Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi">Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2017_Hanoi_hostage_crisis" title="2017 Hanoi hostage crisis">2017 Hanoi hostage crisis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hanoi" title="Timeline of Hanoi">Timeline</a></b></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Hanoi" title="Template:History of Hanoi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Hanoi" title="Template talk:History of Hanoi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Hanoi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Hanoi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> The <b>Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Hoàng thành Thăng Long</i>; <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:皇城">皇城</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%87%E9%BE%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:昇龍">昇龍</a>) is a complex of historic buildings associated with the history of Vietnam located in the centre of <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. Its construction began in 1010 and was completed in early 1011 under the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%E1%BB%95" title="Lý Thái Tổ">Lý Thái Tổ</a> of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>. Most of the existing structure is dated to the extensive reconstruction of the old Imperial Citadel ordered by <a href="/wiki/Gia_Long" title="Gia Long">Gia Long</a> in 1805, but the Citadel (except for the North Gate and the Flag Tower) was largely demolished by the French to allow more land for offices and barracks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Thăng_Long_period"><span id="Pre-Th.C4.83ng_Long_period"></span>Pre-Thăng Long period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Thăng Long period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the early and middle <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, modern Vietnam was administered as the <a href="/wiki/Annan_(Tang_protectorate)" title="Annan (Tang protectorate)">Annan protectorate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i>An Nam đô hộ phủ)</i>, with the seat of power located in <a href="/wiki/Tong_Binh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong Binh">Tong Binh</a> (the area of modern Hanoi). In 866, after recapturing the protectorate from <a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a> forces, Tang dynasty general <a href="/wiki/Gao_Pian" title="Gao Pian">Gao Pian</a> re-established the protectorate as the <a href="/wiki/T%C4%A9nh_H%E1%BA%A3i_qu%C3%A2n" title="Tĩnh Hải quân">Jinghaijun</a> ordered the construction of the Đại La Citadel, which would later become the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fall of the Tang dynasty brought about a period of turbulent independence in Vietnam called the <a href="/wiki/Anarchy_of_the_12_Warlords" title="Anarchy of the 12 Warlords">Anarchy of the 12 Warlords</a>, which ended after the creation of the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> monarchy. During <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, the Đại La Citadel served as an important military site for its use in defenses against Northern invasions and internal conflicts, though it would not be re-established as the center of power in An Nam until the Lý dynasty's rise to power in the early 11th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lý–Trần_period_(11th–14th_centuries)"><span id="L.C3.BD.E2.80.93Tr.E1.BA.A7n_period_.2811th.E2.80.9314th_centuries.29"></span>Lý–Trần period (11th–14th centuries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lý–Trần period (11th–14th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vietnamese royal enclosure was first built in 1010, during the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>, and subsequently expanded by subsequent dynasties. It remained the seat of the Vietnamese court until 1810, when the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> chose to move the capital to <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a>. The ruins of the older citadel structures roughly coincide with the present-day Hanoi Citadel area in the <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_district" title="Ba Đình district">Ba Đình District</a> of the city. </p><p>When the large complex was first built, Thang Long Citadel was built according to a plan of three sectors arranged in rings, similar to the modern layout. The outermost sector is the primary defensive fortification of the citadel (called <i>La thành</i> or <i>Kinh thành</i>), the middle sector is the Imperial City (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i>Hoàng thành</i>), between these two layers is a residential area, the innermost sector is the Forbidden City (or "Purple Forbidden City", from the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> <i>Tử cấm thành</i>; a term identical to the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>). In 1029, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lý Thái Tông">Lý Thái Tông</a> rebuilt the entire Forbidden City after it was destroyed by the <a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng" class="extiw" title="vi:Lý Thái Tông">Three Kings Rebellion</a>. Later Lý rulers and rulers from dynasties would make additions and renovations to the complex. </p><p>The material remains of the original structure are limited to the foundations of the complex (mostly made from <a href="/wiki/Architectural_terracotta" title="Architectural terracotta">terracotta</a>), an extensive drainage system, and various royal architectural decorations.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drainage and foundation systems are indicative of the site's large-scale urban design. Associated with the common view of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a> as a Vietnamese "golden age"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the archeological remains have deep significance to the national history of Vietnam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lê–Mạc_period_(15th–18th_centuries)"><span id="L.C3.AA.E2.80.93M.E1.BA.A1c_period_.2815th.E2.80.9318th_centuries.29"></span>Lê–Mạc period (15th–18th centuries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lê–Mạc period (15th–18th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a successful revolution against the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> occupation, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_L%E1%BB%A3i" title="Lê Lợi">Lê Lợi</a> took the reign name <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Th%C3%A1i_T%E1%BB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Lê Thái Tổ">Lê Thái Tổ</a> and established the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> in 1428, with the capital still in Thăng Long under the new name of Đông Kinh. The rule of Đông Kinh under the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> was very similar to the rule of Thăng Long under the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>, with the change of name being largely symbolic. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Th%C3%A1i_T%E1%BB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Lê Thái Tổ">Lê Thái Tổ</a> ordered repairs to the citadel after the damage caused left by the war with the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Military of the Ming dynasty">Ming army</a>. </p><p>Rulers during the <a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1c_dynasty" title="Mạc dynasty">Mạc dynasty</a>, controlled Đông Kinh from 1527 until 1592. In 1585 a period of construction began under <a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1c_M%E1%BA%ADu_H%E1%BB%A3p" title="Mạc Mậu Hợp">Mạc Mậu Hợp</a>. In 1592, the citadel was seized by armies from the <a href="/wiki/Revival_L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Revival Lê dynasty">Revival Lê dynasty</a> and re-established as the dynasty's capital city, undergoing more repairs in 1599 and serving as a symbolic seat of power and administrative heartland for the <a href="/wiki/Trinh_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinh Lords">Trịnh lords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nguyễn_period_(18th–19th_centuries)"><span id="Nguy.E1.BB.85n_period_.2818th.E2.80.9319th_centuries.29"></span>Nguyễn period (18th–19th centuries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nguyễn period (18th–19th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> When the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> took control in 1802, after a period of war and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> influence, the capital of <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> was moved to <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a>. A new Imperial Citadel, which followed the same three-sector plan as the Imperial Citadel at Thăng Long, was constructed there. Much of what was left of the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long after the destructive war at the end of the 18th century was taken to serve the construction of the new citadel. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Hanoi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_of_Hanoi.png/260px-Map_of_Hanoi.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_of_Hanoi.png/390px-Map_of_Hanoi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Map_of_Hanoi.png/520px-Map_of_Hanoi.png 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="1454" /></a><figcaption>Map of Hanoi with the discernible quadrilateral outline of the Imperial City (1873)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1805, <a href="/wiki/Gia_Long" title="Gia Long">Gia Long</a> enacted an extensive reconstruction of the old Imperial Citadel which truncated the complex and reconstructed the outer wall in the French the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">Vauban</a> style. In 1831, during his administrative reform <a href="/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Minh Mạng">Minh Mang</a> changed the name of Thăng Long to <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> province. This name existed until 1888 when the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> officially ceded Hanoi to the French, after which it would become the administrative capital of French Indochina Federation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_colonial–revolutionary_periods_(19th–20th_centuries)"><span id="French_colonial.E2.80.93revolutionary_periods_.2819th.E2.80.9320th_centuries.29"></span>French colonial–revolutionary periods (19th–20th centuries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: French colonial–revolutionary periods (19th–20th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When it was controlled by the French as the capital of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">Indochina</a> (1885–1954), the Citadel of Hanoi was largely demolished to make the land for offices and barracks. Except for the North Gate and the Flag Tower, what remains of Hanoi citadel to this day is only an archaeological site and restored. Systematic restoration and excavation began in the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-1945 the Citadel was used by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> to imprison over 4000 <a href="/wiki/Troupes_coloniales" title="Troupes coloniales">French colonial</a> soldiers captured during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina</a> in March 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19–20">: 19–20 </span></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, the Imperial Citadel was used as an administrative capital and headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnamese</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Defence (Vietnam)">Ministry of Defense</a> and Army. During and after the revolution, several French structures were destroyed or re-appropriated, including what is now the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Military_History_Museum" title="Vietnam Military History Museum">Vietnam Military History Museum</a> (formerly a French military headquarters).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1998 and 2000, minor renovations were made to the site so that it would be more accessible and safe for visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major archeological discoveries were made as part of a construction project in 2002–2004. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Defence (Vietnam)">Ministry of Defense</a> moved from the Central Sector of the site so that the relics could be more completely conserved by the Hanoi People's Committee Department of Culture and Information. </p><p>In 2009, the Citadel was inscribed as a Special Relic of National significance (<a href="/wiki/Special_National_Sites_(Vietnam)" title="Special National Sites (Vietnam)">Special National Site</a>), making it the first site listed under that category.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel was listed in <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> on July 31, 2010, at its session in Brazil, as "The Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long – Hanoi".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site has undergone several modifications as part of a larger ongoing plan for restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these renovations and their efficacy have become controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relics">Relics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a> royal palaces and edifices were largely destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> during reconstruction in the early 19th century. Many <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> structures were later destroyed in the late 19th century during periods of French and Japanese control. The few remaining structures within the royal compound are the Main Gate (<i>Đoan Môn</i>), marking the southern entrance to the royal palace; the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi" title="Flag Tower of Hanoi">Hanoi Flag Tower</a> (<i>Cột cờ Hà Nội</i>); the steps of Kinh Thiên Palace (<i>Điện Kính Thiên</i>); and the Rear Palace (<i>Hậu Lâu</i>). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A0nh_c%E1%BB%95_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_(29).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Th%C3%A0nh_c%E1%BB%95_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_%2829%29.jpg/210px-Th%C3%A0nh_c%E1%BB%95_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_%2829%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Th%C3%A0nh_c%E1%BB%95_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_%2829%29.jpg/315px-Th%C3%A0nh_c%E1%BB%95_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_%2829%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Th%C3%A0nh_c%E1%BB%95_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_%2829%29.jpg/420px-Th%C3%A0nh_c%E1%BB%95_H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i_%2829%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>An 11th-12th century terracotta floor tile discovered at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street. decorated with chrysanthemums, indicative of royal embellishments.</figcaption></figure> <p>Architectural and foundational remains of the Imperial City were discovered on the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Hall" title="Ba Đình Hall">Ba Đình Hall</a> at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street when the structure was torn down in 2008 to make way for a new parliament building. Various archaeological remains unearthed were brought to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_History" title="Vietnam National Museum of History">National Museum</a> to be exhibited. Thus far only a small fraction of Thăng Long has been excavated.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the initial excavation, many restoration and heritage preservation projects have occurred at the site, including several National projects<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a successful push for UNESCO recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recognized world heritage site is about 18 hectares comprising two primary areas the Hanoi Ancient Citadel itself, where most of the standing <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> remain, and the Archaeological Site 18 Hoàng Diệu Street directly to the East (including a buffer zone of 108 hectares for a protected area of about 126 hectares, out of a total of 140 hectares containing the entire Imperial Citadel).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ancient Citadel is constructed on a slightly offset north–south axis and organized according to traditional geomantic principles (<i>phong thuy; feng shui</i>) which give the site a historic and spiritual significance.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_Site_18_Hoàng_Diệu_Street"><span id="Archaeological_Site_18_Ho.C3.A0ng_Di.E1.BB.87u_Street"></span>Archaeological Site 18 Hoàng Diệu Street</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Archaeological Site 18 Hoàng Diệu Street"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This site consists of relics from the Đại La citadel under <a href="/wiki/Gao_Pian" title="Gao Pian">Gao Pian</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, foundational and decorative remains from the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasties</a>, remnants of Lê and Đông palaces, and structures indicating that the area was the center of the 19th century Hanoi citadel under the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structural remains have recently led to new stylistic and structural insights about ancient <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_architecture" title="Vietnamese architecture">Vietnamese architecture</a>, which was one of the primary points of historical value for the site's nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current archeological results (cultural strata, artifacts) and geological survey results in the area are indicative of an ancient geomantic flow (in the north–south direction).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because natural ground has a poor load-bearing capacity, the architectural scale and complexity is considered a significant technical advancement of the Vietnamese in construction.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is not possible to confirm the size and function of all the works the foundations indicate, it is clear by the size of the area that these ruins show a rich architectural complex. Along with important discoveries of architectural vestiges, a large number of ceramics, which were used in daily life in the Royal Palace through many periods, were also found. These discoveries have aided in the study of Thang Long pottery over several phases of history.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanglong.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The illustration of the former palace during Lý dynasty"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Thanglong.jpg/700px-Thanglong.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Thanglong.jpg/1050px-Thanglong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Thanglong.jpg/1400px-Thanglong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2139" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanglong.jpg" title="File:Thanglong.jpg"> </a></div>The illustration of the former palace during <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a></div></div></div> <p><br /> Several exhibitions have displayed relics recovered from the Imperial Citadel since the excavations began.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2002, there have been several calls for an on-site museum to preserve archeological artefacts.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20180506_Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/20180506_Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi_HDR.jpg/345px-20180506_Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="345" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/20180506_Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi_HDR.jpg/518px-20180506_Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/20180506_Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi_HDR.jpg/690px-20180506_Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5465" data-file-height="2342" /></a><figcaption>Hanoi Flag Tower</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hanoi_Flag_Tower">Hanoi Flag Tower</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hanoi Flag Tower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi" title="Flag Tower of Hanoi">Flag Tower of Hanoi</a></div> <p>Among the structures related to the Imperial City is the <a href="/wiki/Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi" title="Flag Tower of Hanoi">Hanoi Flag Tower</a> (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Cột cờ Hà Nội</i></span>). Rising to a height of 33.4 m (41 m with the flag, 60 m including the base), it is a culturally significant landmark and frequently used as a symbol of the city. Built in 1812 during the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> during the Vauban reconstruction of the citadel, the tower, unlike many other structures in Hanoi, was spared during the French colonial rule as it was used as a military post (and as such is included as part of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Military_History_Museum" title="Vietnam Military History Museum">Vietnam Military History Museum</a>). It stands on the foundation of the outer gate of the Forbidden City during the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_Gate_(Đoan_Môn,_端門)"><span id="Main_Gate_.28.C4.90oan_M.C3.B4n.2C_.E7.AB.AF.E9.96.80.29"></span>Main Gate (<i>Đoan Môn, 端門</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Main Gate (Đoan Môn, 端門)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doan_Mon_Gate_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Đoan Môn gate (2018)"><img alt="Đoan Môn gate (2018)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Doan_Mon_Gate_1.jpg/120px-Doan_Mon_Gate_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Doan_Mon_Gate_1.jpg/180px-Doan_Mon_Gate_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Doan_Mon_Gate_1.jpg/240px-Doan_Mon_Gate_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Đoan Môn gate (2018)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%E1%BB%95ng_%C4%90oan_M%C3%B4n.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Đoan Môn (street view of south façade, 2021)"><img alt="Đoan Môn (street view of south façade, 2021)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/C%E1%BB%95ng_%C4%90oan_M%C3%B4n.jpg/120px-C%E1%BB%95ng_%C4%90oan_M%C3%B4n.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/C%E1%BB%95ng_%C4%90oan_M%C3%B4n.jpg/180px-C%E1%BB%95ng_%C4%90oan_M%C3%B4n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/C%E1%BB%95ng_%C4%90oan_M%C3%B4n.jpg/240px-C%E1%BB%95ng_%C4%90oan_M%C3%B4n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Đoan Môn (street view of south façade, 2021)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thang_Long_Citadel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Đoan Môn (full view of south façade, 2021)"><img alt="Đoan Môn (full view of south façade, 2021)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Thang_Long_Citadel.jpg/120px-Thang_Long_Citadel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Thang_Long_Citadel.jpg/180px-Thang_Long_Citadel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Thang_Long_Citadel.jpg/240px-Thang_Long_Citadel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="467" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Đoan Môn (full view of south façade, 2021)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_Citadel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Đoan Môn (closer view of the Nguyen dynasty pavilion from the north, 2008)"><img alt="Đoan Môn (closer view of the Nguyen dynasty pavilion from the north, 2008)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hanoi_Citadel.jpg/95px-Hanoi_Citadel.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hanoi_Citadel.jpg/142px-Hanoi_Citadel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hanoi_Citadel.jpg/189px-Hanoi_Citadel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2758" data-file-height="3498" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Đoan Môn (closer view of the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyen dynasty</a> pavilion from the north, 2008)</div> </li> </ul><p>Đoan Môn is the archway leading to Kinh Thiên Palace and the primary (southernmost) entrance to the Forbidden City. Đoan Môn consists of five gates built of stone. A similar gate was constructed during the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý dynasty</a>, but the standing structure is dated to the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a>, with additions and reconstructions made during the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> renovations. The gate and the courtyard behind it have served important ceremonial roles as a location for rituals, festivals, and other events. The five gates served as entrances for different classes in periods where the Imperial Citadel housed the royal family: the centermost gate was reserved for the emperor, and the two nearer gates were used by members of the royal family or high-ranking officials.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second-floor terrace over the entrance has a palatial-style pavilion added during the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a>. The masonry and ornamentation employed are indicative of the period's construction techniques. </p><p>In 2002, Vietnamese archaeologists, who were allowed to dig in the area, found the "ancient carriageway" of the <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần dynasty</a>, using many <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý</a> bricks, the study of which is still ongoing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kinh_Thiên_Palace"><span id="Kinh_Thi.C3.AAn_Palace"></span>Kinh Thiên Palace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Kinh Thiên Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dien_Kinh_Thien_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dien_Kinh_Thien_001.jpg/300px-Dien_Kinh_Thien_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dien_Kinh_Thien_001.jpg/450px-Dien_Kinh_Thien_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dien_Kinh_Thien_001.jpg/600px-Dien_Kinh_Thien_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Kính Thiên Palace, which was later destroyed by the colonial French (photo taken during the Nguyễn dynasty)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dien_Kinh_Thien_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dien_Kinh_Thien_002.jpg/300px-Dien_Kinh_Thien_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dien_Kinh_Thien_002.jpg/450px-Dien_Kinh_Thien_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dien_Kinh_Thien_002.jpg/600px-Dien_Kinh_Thien_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>A photo of Kinh Thiên Palace showing the front-entrance Dragon Steps (1886)</figcaption></figure> <p>Kinh Thiên Palace is the primary relic of Hanoi's Ancient Citadel, located in the center of the Forbidden City thus bearing the most geomantically important location therein. The vestiges of Kinh Thiên Palace are only the old foundations and the steps up onto them, since the palace was demolished by the French to construct and artillery headquarters (a neoclassical building called the "Dragon House").<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The front, south entrance of Kinh Thiên Palace platform features a large staircase consisting of 10 steps divided into three equal parts (used similarly to the gates of the Đoan Môn, with the central staircase reserved for the emperor and the others reserved for the royal family and officials) by two large dragon statues, constituting what are called the "Dragon Steps". These two stone dragons were carved in 1467 century during the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a>. Kinh Thiên Palace's stone dragon sculptures are considered a masterpiece of Vietnamese architectural and artistic heritage, representing the sculpture art of the early <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a>. Another set of similar dragon statues—smaller, but similarly detailed and symbolic—were added to the rear of the palace at the turn of the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rear_Palace_(Hậu_Lâu)"><span id="Rear_Palace_.28H.E1.BA.ADu_L.C3.A2u.29"></span>Rear Palace (<i>Hậu Lâu</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rear Palace (Hậu Lâu)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_Pavilion_(Hau_Lau).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lady_Pavilion_%28Hau_Lau%29.jpg/220px-Lady_Pavilion_%28Hau_Lau%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lady_Pavilion_%28Hau_Lau%29.jpg/330px-Lady_Pavilion_%28Hau_Lau%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lady_Pavilion_%28Hau_Lau%29.jpg/440px-Lady_Pavilion_%28Hau_Lau%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Hậu Lâu (2018)</figcaption></figure> <p>Also known as the Northern Palace (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i>Tĩnh Bắc lâu)</i> or the Princess' Palace, the standing structure was built during the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> to house concubines when the emperor was in Hanoi and significantly reconstructed after severe damage at the end of the 19th century. Excavations beginning in 1998 revealed <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Lý dynasty">Lý</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_dynasty" title="Trần dynasty">Trần</a>, and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> foundations as well as remains of fine pottery.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Gate_(Cửa_Bắc,_or_Bắc_Môn)"><span id="North_Gate_.28C.E1.BB.ADa_B.E1.BA.AFc.2C_or_B.E1.BA.AFc_M.C3.B4n.29"></span>North Gate (<i>Cửa Bắc, or Bắc Môn</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: North Gate (Cửa Bắc, or Bắc Môn)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_citadel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front view of the North Gate with moat (1885)"><img alt="Front view of the North Gate with moat (1885)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hanoi_citadel.jpg/120px-Hanoi_citadel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hanoi_citadel.jpg/180px-Hanoi_citadel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hanoi_citadel.jpg/240px-Hanoi_citadel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Front view of the North Gate with moat (1885)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_citadel_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Back façade from inside the citadel (1884–1885)"><img alt="Back façade from inside the citadel (1884–1885)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hanoi_citadel_2.jpg/120px-Hanoi_citadel_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hanoi_citadel_2.jpg/180px-Hanoi_citadel_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hanoi_citadel_2.jpg/240px-Hanoi_citadel_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Back façade from inside the citadel (1884–1885)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%AFc_M%C3%B4n.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The North Gate (2009)"><img alt="The North Gate (2009)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/B%E1%BA%AFc_M%C3%B4n.JPG/120px-B%E1%BA%AFc_M%C3%B4n.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/B%E1%BA%AFc_M%C3%B4n.JPG/180px-B%E1%BA%AFc_M%C3%B4n.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/B%E1%BA%AFc_M%C3%B4n.JPG/240px-B%E1%BA%AFc_M%C3%B4n.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The North Gate (2009)</div> </li> </ul><p>The North Gate is the last standing gate of five built for the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> reconstruction of the citadel. The structure is mainly built of embellished brick and stone, and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> foundations were found near the structure in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The north face of the structure has cannon marks from the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanoi_(1882)" title="Battle of Hanoi (1882)">1882 Battle for the Hanoi Citadel</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_D67_and_bunker">Building D67 and bunker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Building D67 and bunker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_Citadel_0361.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Façade of Building D67 (2008)"><img alt="Façade of Building D67 (2008)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hanoi_Citadel_0361.JPG/120px-Hanoi_Citadel_0361.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hanoi_Citadel_0361.JPG/180px-Hanoi_Citadel_0361.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hanoi_Citadel_0361.JPG/240px-Hanoi_Citadel_0361.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Façade of Building D67 (2008) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ham_ngam_D67.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meeting room of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission in the underground tunnel D67 (2008)"><img alt="Meeting room of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission in the underground tunnel D67 (2008)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ham_ngam_D67.jpg/120px-Ham_ngam_D67.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ham_ngam_D67.jpg/180px-Ham_ngam_D67.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ham_ngam_D67.jpg/240px-Ham_ngam_D67.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Meeting room of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission in the underground tunnel D67 (2008)</div> </li> </ul><p>From 1954 to 1975, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">People's Army of Vietnam</a>, had its headquarters within the Citadel. Building D67 was constructed (as the name suggests) in 1967. It was built the contemporary architectural style (to look like a house and hide its military significance) with many defensive features, including a 60-centimeter thick soundproofing wall, reinforced entrances, and a connecting tunnel that allowed for emergency evacuation in case of an attack.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building currently serves as a museum which exhibits tools that comrades in the Politburo and the Central Military Commission, the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff used in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. The building and tunnel are situated on the northern part of the Kinh Thiên Palace foundations.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_L%C6%B0_Ancient_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoa Lư Ancient Capital">Hoa Lư Ancient Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B9ng_Temple" title="Hùng Temple">Hùng Temple</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKiernan2017" class="citation book cs1">Kiernan, Ben (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1083228913"><i>Việt Nam : a History from Earliest Times to the Present</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-005379-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-005379-6"><bdi>978-0-19-005379-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1083228913">1083228913</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+%3A+a+History+from+Earliest+Times+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1083228913&rft.isbn=978-0-19-005379-6&rft.aulast=Kiernan&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1083228913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+Citadel+of+Th%C4%83ng+Long" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">“World Heritage Nomination Profile – The Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi, Vietnam”. UNESCO. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1328.pdf">https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1328.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Logan, W. S (2014). “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://australia.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/Making-the-Most-of-Heritage-in-Hanoi-Vietnam-v-26-no-3.pdf">Making the Most of Heritage in Hanoi, Vietnam</a>”. <i>Historic Environment,</i> vol. 26 no. 3, pp. 62-72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2019" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Kenneth (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.defense.gov/2019/Feb/22/2002092352/-1/-1/1/USAF%20Vietnam%20Chronology%20v1.pdf"><i>The US Air Force in Southeast Asia and the Vietnam War A Narrative Chronology Volume I: The Early Years through 1959</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Air Force History and Museums Program.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+US+Air+Force+in+Southeast+Asia+and+the+Vietnam+War+A+Narrative+Chronology+Volume+I%3A+The+Early+Years+through+1959&rft.pub=Air+Force+History+and+Museums+Program&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2019%2FFeb%2F22%2F2002092352%2F-1%2F-1%2F1%2FUSAF%2520Vietnam%2520Chronology%2520v1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+Citadel+of+Th%C4%83ng+Long" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218234255/http://www.dsvh.gov.vn/pages/news/preview.aspx?n=580&c=25">“Di tích lịch sử và khảo cổ Khu Trung tâm Hoàng Thành Thăng Long - Hà Nội”</a>. <i>dsvh.gov.vn</i>. Cục di sản văn hoá. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 18 tháng 2 năm 2017. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 2 năm 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/643">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1328">"Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Sector+of+the+Imperial+Citadel+of+Thang+Long+-+Hanoi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+Citadel+of+Th%C4%83ng+Long" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/en/post/6080">"Hanoi mulling over restoration of Thang Long Imperial Citadel"</a>. 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Accessed April 20 December 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHays" class="citation web cs1">Hays, Jeffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9j/entry-6601.html">"CITADEL OF HANOI: ITS HISTORY, LAYOUT AND BUILDING REMNANTS | Facts and Details"</a>. <i>factsanddetails.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=factsanddetails.com&rft.atitle=CITADEL+OF+HANOI%3A+ITS+HISTORY%2C+LAYOUT+AND+BUILDING+REMNANTS+%7C+Facts+and+Details&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactsanddetails.com%2Fsoutheast-asia%2FVietnam%2Fsub5_9j%2Fentry-6601.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+Citadel+of+Th%C4%83ng+Long" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quochoi.vn/UserControls/Publishing/News/BinhLuan/pFormPrint.aspx?UrlListProcess=/content/tintuc/Lists/News&ItemID=35385">"ẤN TƯỢNG BẢO TÀNG DƯỚI CHÂN TÒA NHÀ QUỐC HỘI"</a>. <i>quochoi.vn</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=quochoi.vn&rft.atitle=%E1%BA%A4N+T%C6%AF%E1%BB%A2NG+B%E1%BA%A2O+T%C3%80NG+D%C6%AF%E1%BB%9AI+CH%C3%82N+T%C3%92A+NH%C3%80+QU%E1%BB%90C+H%E1%BB%98I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquochoi.vn%2FUserControls%2FPublishing%2FNews%2FBinhLuan%2FpFormPrint.aspx%3FUrlListProcess%3D%2Fcontent%2Ftintuc%2FLists%2FNews%26ItemID%3D35385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+Citadel+of+Th%C4%83ng+Long" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thanhnien.vn/post-1058508.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Xem trước' bảo tàng ở Hoàng thành Thăng Long"</a>. <i>Báo Thanh Niên</i> (in Vietnamese). 2021-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A1o+Thanh+Ni%C3%AAn&rft.atitle=%27Xem+tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc%27+b%E1%BA%A3o+t%C3%A0ng+%E1%BB%9F+Ho%C3%A0ng+th%C3%A0nh+Th%C4%83ng+Long&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthanhnien.vn%2Fpost-1058508.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImperial+Citadel+of+Th%C4%83ng+Long" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hanoi-online.net/?p=2520">"Hanoi-online.net - hanoi online Resources and Information"</a>. 4 September 2015.</cite><span 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hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_the_H%E1%BB%93_Dynasty" title="Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty">Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_of_Hu%E1%BA%BF_Monuments" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex of Huế Monuments">Complex of Huế Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long_Bay" title="Hạ Long Bay">Hạ Long Bay</a>–<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1t_B%C3%A0_Island" title="Cát Bà Island">Cát Bà Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_An_Ancient_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Hội An Ancient Town">Hội An Ancient Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_S%C6%A1n_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary">Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phong_Nha-K%E1%BA%BB_B%C3%A0ng_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park">Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trang_An_Scenic_Landscape_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex">Tràng An Landscape Complex</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Vietnam"><img alt="Flag of Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/50px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/75px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/100px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Landmarks_of_Hanoi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanoi_tourism" title="Template:Hanoi tourism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanoi_tourism" title="Template talk:Hanoi tourism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanoi_tourism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanoi tourism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Hanoi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Landmarks of <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0n_Ki%E1%BA%BFm_Lake" title="Hoàn Kiếm Lake">Hoàn Kiếm Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Tower" title="Turtle Tower">Turtle Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%AA_H%C3%BAc_Bridge" title="Thê Húc Bridge">Thê Húc Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Quarter,_Hanoi" title="Old Quarter, Hanoi">Old Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Square" title="Ba Đình Square">Ba Đình Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Mausoleum" title="Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum">Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Square" title="Labour Square">Labour Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_Park_(Hanoi)" title="Lenin Park (Hanoi)">Lenin Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical<br />monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feudal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Literature,_Hanoi" title="Temple of Literature, Hanoi">Temple of Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_Loa_Citadel" title="Cổ Loa Citadel">Cổ Loa Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_Mound" title="Đống Đa Mound">Đống Đa Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Tower_of_Hanoi" title="Flag Tower of Hanoi">Flag Tower of Hanoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French<br />colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Opera_House" title="Hanoi Opera House">Hanoi Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais_(Hanoi)" title="Grand Palais (Hanoi)">Grand Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Bi%C3%AAn_Bridge" title="Long Biên Bridge">Long Biên Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofitel_Legend_Metropole_Hanoi" title="Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi">Hôtel Métropole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Hanoi" title="Presidential Palace, Hanoi">Presidential Palace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_Historical_Site" title="Presidential Palace Historical Site">Historical Site</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Guest_House_(Vietnam)" title="State Guest House (Vietnam)">State Guest House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Fa_L%C3%B2_Prison" title="Hỏa Lò Prison">Hỏa Lò Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Vietnam" title="State Bank of Vietnam">State Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_University_of_Pharmacy" title="Hanoi University of Pharmacy">Medical College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature and parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_V%C3%AC_National_Park" title="Ba Vì National Park">Ba Vì National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_(Hanoi)" title="West Lake (Hanoi)">West Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n_Quang_Lake" title="Thiền Quang Lake">Thiền Quang Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BAc_B%E1%BA%A1ch_Lake" title="Trúc Bạch Lake">Trúc Bạch Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(Asia)" title="Red River (Asia)">Red River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buddhist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A1n_S%E1%BB%A9_Pagoda" title="Quán Sứ Pagoda">Quán Sứ Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Pillar_Pagoda" title="One Pillar Pagoda">One Pillar Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Temple" title="Hương Temple">Hương Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A7y_Temple" title="Thầy Temple">Thầy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A5n_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Pagoda" title="Trấn Quốc Pagoda">Trấn Quốc Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1ng_Temple" title="Láng Temple">Láng Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non_N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Pagoda_(Hanoi)" title="Non Nước Pagoda (Hanoi)">Non Nước Pagoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catholic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Hanoi" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Hanoi">St. Joseph's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%ADa_B%E1%BA%AFc_Church" title="Cửa Bắc Church">Cửa Bắc Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0m_Long_Church" title="Hàm Long Church">Hàm Long Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9ng_Khoang_Church" title="Phùng Khoang Church">Phùng Khoang Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taoist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A1n_Th%C3%A1nh_Temple" title="Quán Thánh Temple">Quán Thánh Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_S%C6%A1n_Temple" title="Ngọc Sơn Temple">Ngọc Sơn Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_Temple_(%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nh%C3%A2n)" title="Hai Bà Trưng Temple (Đồng Nhân)">Hai Bà Trưng Temple (Đồng Nhân)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Ethnology" title="Vietnam Museum of Ethnology">Museum of Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts">Museum of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Museum" title="Hanoi Museum">Hanoi Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Museum" title="Ho Chi Minh Museum">Ho Chi Minh Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Military_History_Museum" title="Vietnam Military History Museum">Vietnam Military History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Museum_of_History" title="Vietnam National Museum of History">Vietnam National Museum of History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Women%27s_Museum" title="Vietnamese Women's Museum">Vietnamese Women's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Museum_of_Revolution" title="Vietnam Museum of Revolution">Vietnam Museum of Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Vietnam" title="National Library of Vietnam">National Library of Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Xu%C3%A2n_Market" title="Đồng Xuân Market">Đồng Xuân Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1t_Tr%C3%A0ng" title="Bát Tràng">Bát Tràng ceramic village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0ng_Tr%E1%BB%91ng_painting" title="Hàng Trống painting">Hàng Trống painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_H%C3%A0,_Hanoi" title="Ngọc Hà, Hanoi">Ngọc Hà flower village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BB%87_M%E1%BA%ADt" title="Lệ Mật">Lệ Mật snake village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BA%A1n_Ph%C3%BAc,_H%C3%A0_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Vạn Phúc, Hà Đông">Vạn Phúc silk village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trang_Tien_Plaza" title="Trang Tien Plaza">Trang Tien Plaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_National_Stadium" title="Mỹ Đình National Stadium">Mỹ Đình National Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%ABy_Stadium" title="Hàng Đẫy Stadium">Hàng Đẫy Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_Ng%E1%BB%B1a_Sports_Palace" title="Quần Ngựa Sports Palace">Quần Ngựa Sports Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Indoor_Games_Gymnasium" title="Hanoi Indoor Games Gymnasium">Hanoi Indoor Games Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Circuit" title="Hanoi Circuit">Hanoi Circuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_Building_of_Vietnam" title="National Assembly Building of Vietnam">National Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_72" title="Landmark 72">Landmark 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotte_Center_Hanoi" title="Lotte Center Hanoi">Lotte Center Hanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_Convention_Center" title="Vietnam National Convention Center">National Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinhomes_Times_City" title="Vinhomes Times City">Vinhomes Times City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hotels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Hanoi_Opera" title="Hilton Hanoi Opera">Hilton Hanoi Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_de_l%27Opera_Hanoi" title="Hotel de l'Opera Hanoi">Hotel de l'Opera Hanoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noi_Bai_International_Airport" title="Noi Bai International Airport">Noi Bai International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_railway_station" title="Hanoi railway station">Hanoi railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Metro" title="Hanoi Metro">Hanoi Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Bridge" title="Chương Dương Bridge">Chương Dương Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C4%83ng_Long_Bridge" title="Thăng Long Bridge">Thăng Long Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_T%C3%A2n_Bridge" title="Nhật Tân Bridge">Nhật Tân Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Special_National_Sites_in_Vietnam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_national_sites_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Special national sites of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_national_sites_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Special national sites of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_national_sites_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special national sites of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Special_National_Sites_in_Vietnam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_National_Site_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special National Site (Vietnam)">Special National Sites in Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_midlands_and_mountainous" title="Northern midlands and mountainous">Northern midlands and mountainous</a><br />(16)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1c_B%C3%B3" title="Pác Bó">Pác Bó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_B%E1%BB%83_Lake" title="Ba Bể Lake">Ba Bể Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_di_t%C3%ADch_chi%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_Ph%E1%BB%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu di tích chiến trường Điện Biên Phủ (page does not exist)">Điện Biên Phủ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_di_t%C3%ADch_T%C3%A2n_Tr%C3%A0o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu di tích Tân Trào (page does not exist)">Tân Trào</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%81n_C%E1%BB%ADa_%C3%94ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Đền Cửa Ông">Đền Cửa Ông</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_to%C3%A0n_khu_Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An toàn khu Thái Nguyên (page does not exist)">An toàn khu Thái Nguyên</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_di_t%C3%ADch_kh%E1%BB%9Fi_ngh%C4%A9a_Y%C3%AAn_Th%E1%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu di tích khởi nghĩa Yên Thế (page does not exist)">Yên Thế</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C6%A1n_La_Prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sơn La Prison (page does not exist)">Sơn La Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu%E1%BA%A7n_th%E1%BB%83_di_t%C3%ADch_danh_th%E1%BA%AFng_Y%C3%AAn_T%E1%BB%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quần thể di tích danh thắng Yên Tử (page does not exist)">Quần thể di tích danh thắng Yên Tử</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B9ng_Temple" title="Hùng Temple">Hùng Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%A3i_c%E1%BB%8Dc_s%C3%B4ng_B%E1%BA%A1ch_%C4%90%E1%BA%B1ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bãi cọc sông Bạch Đằng (page does not exist)">Bãi cọc sông Bạch Đằng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long_Bay" title="Hạ Long Bay">Hạ Long Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BA%A7n_H%C6%B0ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trần Hưng Đạo Forest (page does not exist)">Trần Hưng Đạo Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_di_t%C3%ADch_nh%C3%A0_Tr%E1%BA%A7n_%E1%BB%9F_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu di tích nhà Trần ở Đông Triều (page does not exist)">Khu di tích nhà Trần ở Đông Triều</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C4%A9nh_Nghi%C3%AAm_pagoda_(B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vĩnh Nghiêm pagoda (Bắc Giang) (page does not exist)">Vĩnh Nghiêm pagoda (Bắc Giang)</a></li> <li>Na Hang</li> <li>Lâm Bình</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a><br />(15)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%ACnh_So&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đình So (page does not exist)">Đình So</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91ng_%C4%90a_Mound" title="Đống Đa Mound">Đống Đa Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_Loa_Citadel" title="Cổ Loa Citadel">Cổ Loa Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A2y_Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_pagoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tây Phương pagoda (page does not exist)">Tây Phương pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A7y_Temple" title="Thầy Temple">Thầy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_of_Hai_B%C3%A0_Tr%C6%B0ng_(M%C3%AA_Linh)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temple of Hai Bà Trưng (Mê Linh) (page does not exist)">Temple of Hai Bà Trưng (Mê Linh)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A1t_M%C3%B4n_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hát Môn Temple (page does not exist)">Hát Môn Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Jade_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of the Jade Mountain">Temple of the Jade Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B3c_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sóc Temple (page does not exist)">Sóc Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%ACnh_T%C3%A2y_%C4%90%E1%BA%B1ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đình Tây Đằng (page does not exist)">Đình Tây Đằng</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Literature,_Hanoi" title="Temple of Literature, Hanoi">Temple of Literature, Hanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace_Historical_Site" title="Presidential Palace Historical Site">Presidential Palace Historical Site</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%81n_Ph%C3%B9_%C4%90%E1%BB%95ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đền Phù Đổng (page does not exist)">Đền Phù Đổng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%ACnh_T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Phi%C3%AAu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đình Tường Phiêu (page does not exist)">Đình Tường Phiêu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a><br />(18)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1i_L%E1%BA%A1c_pagoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thái Lạc pagoda (page does not exist)">Thái Lạc pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binh_Son_pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Binh Son pagoda">Binh Son pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thi%E1%BB%81n_vi%E1%BB%87n_Tr%C3%BAc_L%C3%A2m_T%C3%A2y_Thi%C3%AAn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiền viện Trúc Lâm Tây Thiên (page does not exist)">Thiền viện Trúc Lâm Tây Thiên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAt_Th%C3%A1p_Temple" title="Bút Tháp Temple">Bút Tháp Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2u_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Dâu Pagoda">Dâu Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%ADt_T%C3%ADch_Temple" title="Phật Tích Temple">Phật Tích Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_B%C3%A1t_%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lý Bát Đế Shrine">Lý Bát Đế Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_di_t%C3%ADch_C%C3%B4n_S%C6%A1n_-_Ki%E1%BA%BFp_B%E1%BA%A1c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu di tích Côn Sơn - Kiếp Bạc (page does not exist)">Côn Sơn - Kiếp Bạc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%E1%BB%91_Hi%E1%BA%BFn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phố Hiến (page does not exist)">Phố Hiến</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_di_t%C3%ADch_v%C3%A0_%C4%91%E1%BB%81n_th%E1%BB%9D_Tr%C3%ACnh_qu%E1%BB%91c_c%C3%B4ng_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_B%E1%BB%89nh_Khi%C3%AAm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu di tích và đền thờ Trình quốc công Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm (page does not exist)">Khu di tích và đền thờ Trình quốc công Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keo_Pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Keo Pagoda">Keo Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%81n_Tr%E1%BA%A7n_(Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đền Trần (Thái Bình) (page does not exist)">Đền Trần (Thái Bình)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%91_Tr%E1%BA%A1ch_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Cố Trạch Temple">Cố Trạch Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%95_Minh_Temple" title="Phổ Minh Temple">Phổ Minh Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%81n_Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đền Trần Thương (page does not exist)">Đền Trần Thương</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%E1%BB%91_%C4%91%C3%B4_Hoa_L%C6%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cố đô Hoa Lư (page does not exist)">Cố đô Hoa Lư</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0ng_An_Scenic_Landscape_Complex" title="Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex">Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1t_B%C3%A0_Island" title="Cát Bà Island">Cát Bà Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Th%E1%BB%95_Tang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đình Thổ Tang (page does not exist)">Đình Thổ Tang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central Vietnam</a><br />(20)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_trail" title="Ho Chi Minh trail">Ho Chi Minh trail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%81n_th%E1%BB%9D_L%C3%AA_Ho%C3%A0n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đền thờ Lê Hoàn (page does not exist)">Đền thờ Lê Hoàn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nh%E1%BA%A1n_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nhạn Temple (page does not exist)">Nhạn Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_Tri%E1%BB%87u_Temple" title="Bà Triệu Temple">Bà Triệu Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A2y_S%C6%A1n_tam_ki%E1%BB%87t_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tây Sơn tam kiệt Temple (page does not exist)">Tây Sơn tam kiệt Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lam_Kinh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lam Kinh (page does not exist)">Lam Kinh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hi%E1%BB%81n_L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_-_B%E1%BA%BFn_H%E1%BA%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiền Lương - Bến Hải (page does not exist)">Hiền Lương - Bến Hải</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_the_H%E1%BB%93_Dynasty" title="Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty">Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Li%C3%AAn_Museum" title="Kim Liên Museum">Kim Liên Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_l%C6%B0u_ni%E1%BB%87m_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_thi_h%C3%A0o_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Du&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu lưu niệm đại thi hào Nguyễn Du (page does not exist)">KDT Nguyễn Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phong_Nha-K%E1%BA%BB_B%C3%A0ng_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park">Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_th%E1%BB%83_di_t%C3%ADch_C%E1%BB%91_%C4%91%C3%B4_Hu%E1%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Quần thể di tích Cố đô Huế">Quần thể di tích Cố đô Huế</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%E1%BB%91_c%E1%BB%95_H%E1%BB%99i_An&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phố cổ Hội An (page does not exist)">Phố cổ Hội An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_S%C6%A1n" title="Mỹ Sơn">Mỹ Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A0nh_c%E1%BB%95_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thành cổ Quảng Trị (page does not exist)">Thành cổ Quảng Trị</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BB%8Bnh_M%E1%BB%91c_tunnels" title="Vịnh Mốc tunnels">Vịnh Mốc tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Con_Moong_Cave" title="Con Moong Cave">Con Moong Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B4n_Ma_Thu%E1%BB%99t_Prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bôn Ma Thuột Prison (page does not exist)">Bôn Ma Thuột Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po_Klong_Garai_Temple" title="Po Klong Garai Temple">Po Klong Garai Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Long_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dương Long Temple (page does not exist)">Dương Long Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Mountains_(Vietnam)" title="Marble Mountains (Vietnam)">Marble Mountains (Vietnam)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern Vietnam</a><br />(13)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_di_t%C3%ADch_Chi%E1%BA%BFn_th%E1%BA%AFng_Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Thi%E1%BB%87n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu di tích Chiến thắng Chương Thiện (page does not exist)">KDT Chiến thắng Chương Thiện</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1t_Ti%C3%AAn_National_Park" title="Cát Tiên National Park">Cát Tiên National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trung_%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%E1%BB%A5c_mi%E1%BB%81n_Nam" class="mw-redirect" title="Trung ương Cục miền Nam">Trung ương Cục miền Nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace" title="Independence Palace">Independence Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_Prison" title="Côn Đảo Prison">Côn Đảo Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B2_Th%C3%A1p&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gò Tháp (page does not exist)">Gò Tháp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khu_l%C6%B0u_ni%E1%BB%87m_ch%E1%BB%A7_t%E1%BB%8Bch_T%C3%B4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BA%AFng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khu lưu niệm chủ tịch Tôn Đức Thắng (page does not exist)">KDT Tôn Đức Thắng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93c_Eo" title="Óc Eo">Óc Eo – Ba Thê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Prison" title="Phú Quốc Prison">Phú Quốc Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_tunnels" title="Củ Chi tunnels">Củ Chi tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BB%99_c%E1%BB%B1_th%E1%BA%A1ch_H%C3%A0ng_G%C3%B2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mộ cự thạch Hàng Gòn (page does not exist)">Mộ cự thạch Hàng Gòn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Vietnam Institute of Archaeology (ed.). <i>Thăng Long Imperial Citadel</i>. (2006). Culture and Information Publishing House. Hanoi.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Citadel_of_Th%C4%83ng_Long&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Citadel_of_Hanoi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Citadel of Hanoi">Citadel of Hanoi</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/16/healthscience/snviet.php">IHT | Ruins of royal complex of Thang Long are excavated in Hanoi</a> Article from October 17, 2007, accessed December 31, 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/showarticle.php?num=06SUN211208">Việt Nam News | Historic Thang Long Citadel explored</a> Article from December 21, 2008, accessed December 31, 2008</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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