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ornament</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Kühlerfigur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kühlerfigur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adorno_de_cap%C3%B3" title="Adorno de capó – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adorno de capó" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoradiila_figuro" title="Termoradiila figuro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Termoradiila figuro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouchon_de_radiateur" title="Bouchon de radiateur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bouchon de radiateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%AB_%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Կափարիչի զարդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կափարիչի զարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouchon_de_radiateur" title="Bouchon de radiateur – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bouchon de radiateur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Car company or car model symbol placed on the front center of hood</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about decorative hood ornaments. For modern radiator caps and their function, see <a href="/wiki/Radiator" title="Radiator">radiator</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Znaczek_Mercedesa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Znaczek_Mercedesa.jpg/220px-Znaczek_Mercedesa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Znaczek_Mercedesa.jpg/330px-Znaczek_Mercedesa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Znaczek_Mercedesa.jpg/440px-Znaczek_Mercedesa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1913_Car-Nation_Tourer_RadiatorBoyce_MotoMeter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/1913_Car-Nation_Tourer_RadiatorBoyce_MotoMeter.jpg/220px-1913_Car-Nation_Tourer_RadiatorBoyce_MotoMeter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/1913_Car-Nation_Tourer_RadiatorBoyce_MotoMeter.jpg/330px-1913_Car-Nation_Tourer_RadiatorBoyce_MotoMeter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/1913_Car-Nation_Tourer_RadiatorBoyce_MotoMeter.jpg/440px-1913_Car-Nation_Tourer_RadiatorBoyce_MotoMeter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>1913 Boyce MotoMeter</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_%C5%A0koda_Museum,_L%26K_%C5%A0koda_110_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2014_%C5%A0koda_Museum%2C_L%26K_%C5%A0koda_110_01.JPG/220px-2014_%C5%A0koda_Museum%2C_L%26K_%C5%A0koda_110_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2014_%C5%A0koda_Museum%2C_L%26K_%C5%A0koda_110_01.JPG/330px-2014_%C5%A0koda_Museum%2C_L%26K_%C5%A0koda_110_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2014_%C5%A0koda_Museum%2C_L%26K_%C5%A0koda_110_01.JPG/440px-2014_%C5%A0koda_Museum%2C_L%26K_%C5%A0koda_110_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>1925 <a href="/wiki/Laurin_%26_Klement" title="Laurin & Klement">Laurin & Klement</a>-Škoda 110</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1949_Kaiser_Virginian_hood_ornament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1949_Kaiser_Virginian_hood_ornament.jpg/220px-1949_Kaiser_Virginian_hood_ornament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1949_Kaiser_Virginian_hood_ornament.jpg/330px-1949_Kaiser_Virginian_hood_ornament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1949_Kaiser_Virginian_hood_ornament.jpg/440px-1949_Kaiser_Virginian_hood_ornament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>1949 <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Motors" title="Kaiser Motors">Kaiser</a> Virginian</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rolls_Royce_da_Presid%C3%AAncia_(9684134369).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rolls_Royce_da_Presid%C3%AAncia_%289684134369%29.jpg/220px-Rolls_Royce_da_Presid%C3%AAncia_%289684134369%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rolls_Royce_da_Presid%C3%AAncia_%289684134369%29.jpg/330px-Rolls_Royce_da_Presid%C3%AAncia_%289684134369%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rolls_Royce_da_Presid%C3%AAncia_%289684134369%29.jpg/440px-Rolls_Royce_da_Presid%C3%AAncia_%289684134369%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3184" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Ecstasy" title="Spirit of Ecstasy">Spirit of Ecstasy</a></i> (kneeling version) on the 1952 <a href="/wiki/Presidential_state_car_(Brazil)#Ceremonial_state_car" title="Presidential state car (Brazil)">Brazilian presidential Rolls-Royce</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1967_AMC_Marlin_two-door_fastback_sungold_and_white-wet_hood_ornament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1967_AMC_Marlin_two-door_fastback_sungold_and_white-wet_hood_ornament.jpg/220px-1967_AMC_Marlin_two-door_fastback_sungold_and_white-wet_hood_ornament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1967_AMC_Marlin_two-door_fastback_sungold_and_white-wet_hood_ornament.jpg/330px-1967_AMC_Marlin_two-door_fastback_sungold_and_white-wet_hood_ornament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1967_AMC_Marlin_two-door_fastback_sungold_and_white-wet_hood_ornament.jpg/440px-1967_AMC_Marlin_two-door_fastback_sungold_and_white-wet_hood_ornament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>1967 <a href="/wiki/Rambler_Marlin" title="Rambler Marlin">AMC Marlin</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M.A.N.-Schild_auf_K%C3%BChler.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/M.A.N.-Schild_auf_K%C3%BChler.JPG/220px-M.A.N.-Schild_auf_K%C3%BChler.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/M.A.N.-Schild_auf_K%C3%BChler.JPG/330px-M.A.N.-Schild_auf_K%C3%BChler.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/M.A.N.-Schild_auf_K%C3%BChler.JPG/440px-M.A.N.-Schild_auf_K%C3%BChler.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>1970s <a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> truck</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hood_ornament.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hood_ornament.jpg/220px-Hood_ornament.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hood_ornament.jpg/330px-Hood_ornament.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hood_ornament.jpg/440px-Hood_ornament.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Home-made hood ornament on <a href="/wiki/Pick-up_truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Pick-up truck">pick-up truck</a> in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </figcaption></figure> </div></div> <p>A <b>hood ornament</b> (or <b>bonnet ornament</b> or <b>bonnet mascot</b> in <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth English">Commonwealth English</a>), also called a <b>motor mascot</b> or <b>car mascot</b>, is a specially crafted model that symbolizes a car company, like a <a href="/wiki/Badge" title="Badge">badge</a>, located on the front center portion of the <a href="/wiki/Hood_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hood (vehicle)">hood</a>. It has been used as an <a href="/wiki/Adornment" title="Adornment">adornment</a> nearly since the inception of <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the author of <i>A History of Cars</i> written for youth, the first "hood ornament" was a sun-crested <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcon</a> (to bring good luck) mounted on the Egyptian pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>'s chariot.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early years, automobiles had their <a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">radiator</a> caps outside the hood and on top of the <a href="/wiki/Grille_(motor_vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grille (motor vehicle)">grille</a>, which also served as an indicator of the temperature of the engine's coolant fluid.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Boyce_MotoMeter" title="Boyce MotoMeter">Boyce MotoMeter</a> Company was issued a patent in 1912 for a radiator cap that incorporated a thermometer that was visible to the driver with a sensor that measured the heat of the water vapor, rather than the water itself.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This became useful <a href="/wiki/Temperature_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperature gauge">gauge</a> for the driver because many early engines did not have water pumps, but <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T_engine#Cooling_system" title="Ford Model T engine">a circulation system based on the "thermo-syphon" principle</a> as in the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a>. </p><p>The "exposed radiator cap became a focal point for automobile personalization."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hood <a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">ornaments</a> were popular in the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, with many <a href="/wiki/Automaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Automaker">automakers</a> fitting them to their vehicles. They also serve to differentiate cars and the ornaments were inspired by animals, mythological figures, and the automakers' logos.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common element on every Rolls-Royce since 1911 is the "Spirit of Ecstacy" on the hood that serves as a type of "calling card" and denotes the message of luxury.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosen_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1920s, advertisements for Mercedes-Benz emphasized their "star" hood ornament as representing the "world-famous product of the oldest automobile works in the world" and as the ultimate symbol of luxury.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A market developed supplying accessories to those who wanted to add an ornament or car mascot to their automobile.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were a way to express the owner's love of their car or customizing to express individuality. Most of these companies went out of business, with only <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lejeune_Ltd." title="Louis Lejeune Ltd.">Louis Lejeune Ltd.</a> in England surviving. Sculptors like Bazin, Paillet, Sykes, Renevey, and Lejeune created detailed miniature <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Figurine" title="Figurine">figurines</a>. </p><p>Hood ornaments were viewed as "objets d'art" according to <a href="/wiki/Dick_Teague" title="Dick Teague">Richard Teague</a>, who served as styling vice president at <a href="/wiki/American_Motors_Corporation" title="American Motors Corporation">American Motors Corporation</a> (AMC).<sup id="cite_ref-Flint-NYT_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flint-NYT-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sculptor described some hood ornaments as “certainly some kind of sex symbol—a symbol of virility."<sup id="cite_ref-Flint-NYT_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flint-NYT-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> stylized women’s forms serving as hood ornaments.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After World War II, Nash Motors commissioned <a href="/wiki/George_Petty" title="George Petty">George Petty</a> to design hood ornaments featuring female figures without clothing for their cars.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Petty used his daughter to make the "Flying Lady" hood ornament which became a marketing coup for Nash and the 1950 "Airflyte" models in the <a href="/wiki/Nash_Ambassador" title="Nash Ambassador">Ambassador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nash_Statesman" title="Nash Statesman">Statesman</a> cars.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nash had four different versions of this iconic ornament on its vehicles for ten years before designing non-anthropomorphic hood decorations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teague brought back a hood ornament for the top-of-the-line <a href="/wiki/AMC_Ambassador" title="AMC Ambassador">AMC Ambassador</a> cars because of the "good feeling" they provide to the owners "or at least a reminder of the money spent on the car."<sup id="cite_ref-Flint-NYT_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flint-NYT-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others in the auto industry, such as Dick Macadam, a chief stylist at <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a> hold the view that hood ornaments provide an aiming point for centering, "possibly making for easier and safer car handling."<sup id="cite_ref-Flint-NYT_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flint-NYT-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_restrictions">Legal restrictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legal restrictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Restrictions to fitting ornaments on the front of vehicles have been introduced in some jurisdictions. Projecting decorative designs on the hood may increase the risk of injury to pedestrians during a <a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision" title="Traffic collision">collision</a>. </p><p>Regulations introduced in the United States for the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Model_year" title="Model year">model year</a> vehicles meant the disappearance of fixed stand-up hood ornaments, as well as <a href="/wiki/Spinner_(wheel)" title="Spinner (wheel)">spinner wheel</a> protrusions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later versions featured flexibly mounted (<a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">spring</a>-loaded) stand-up hood ornaments designed to fold without breaking on impact, such as on the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird">Ford Thunderbird</a>, 1974 AMC Ambassador, and on the 1986 <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wagoneer_(SJ)" title="Jeep Wagoneer (SJ)">Jeep Wagoneer (SJ)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, since 1974, all new cars have had to conform to a European directive on vehicle exterior projections.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rolls-Royce's mascot is now mounted on a spring-loaded mechanism designed to retract instantly into the radiator shell if struck with a force greater than 98 newtons (22 pounds-force). This same mechanism also lowers the ornament out of view when the car is turned off, protecting it from damage or theft while the car is parked up.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other hood ornaments were designed with a spring mount to fold on impact. For aftermarket ornaments, breakaway <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> fixings are available that comply with <a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">EC Directive</a> 74/483.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ornaments have been moved down from the hood to the grille.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are now viewed as overwrought and detrimental to aerodynamics.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branding">Branding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Branding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hispano-Suiza_K6_Berline_Vanvooren_1937_(Volante)_jm20638.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hispano-Suiza_K6_Berline_Vanvooren_1937_%28Volante%29_jm20638.jpg/220px-Hispano-Suiza_K6_Berline_Vanvooren_1937_%28Volante%29_jm20638.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hispano-Suiza_K6_Berline_Vanvooren_1937_%28Volante%29_jm20638.jpg/330px-Hispano-Suiza_K6_Berline_Vanvooren_1937_%28Volante%29_jm20638.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hispano-Suiza_K6_Berline_Vanvooren_1937_%28Volante%29_jm20638.jpg/440px-Hispano-Suiza_K6_Berline_Vanvooren_1937_%28Volante%29_jm20638.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5678" data-file-height="4258" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza" title="Hispano-Suiza">Hispano-Suiza</a> K6 Berline Vanvooren</figcaption></figure> <p>Many automakers wanted their <a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">emblems</a> displayed on their vehicles' hoods. Boyce Motormeter accommodated them with corporate <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logos</a> or mascots, as well as numerous organizations that wanted custom cap emblems to identify their members.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company had over 300 such customers at one time during the mid-1920s, for car, truck, tractor, boat, airplane, and motorcycle manufacturers, and in 1927, had 1,800 employees in six countries: U.S., England, Canada, Australia, France, and Germany. The hundreds of motor vehicle manufacturers before 1929 meant many customers for their customized emblems.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brand identification remains essential "as firms try to distinguish their company's cookie-cutter SUV, sedan or pick-up truck from another company's cookie-cutter SUV, sedan, or pick-up truck merely with a hood ornament or a name on the bumper."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the <a href="/wiki/Grille_(car)" title="Grille (car)">grille</a>, the hood ornament is often a distinctive styling element, and many marques use it as their primary brand identifier. </p><p>Examples of hood ornaments include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archer</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pierce-Arrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierce-Arrow">Pierce-Arrow</a> cars<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ottawa leader <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(Ottawa_leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac (Ottawa leader)">Pontiac</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a> automobiles<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">Crest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wreath" title="Wreath">wreath</a> on <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a> cars<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Letter "<i>B</i>" with wings on <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> cars<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ball with wings on <a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a> cars<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Leaping <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a> on <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaguar cars">Jaguar cars</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_rampant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion rampant">Lion rampant</a> on <a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> cars<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">Marlin</a> jumping out of water mounted in a "<a href="/wiki/Sight_(device)" title="Sight (device)">sight</a>" on <a href="/wiki/AMC_Marlin" class="mw-redirect" title="AMC Marlin">AMC's fastback</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">Rocket</a> on <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a> cars<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rocky Mountain <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">big horn ram's</a> head on <a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a> cars and trucks<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Ecstasy" title="Spirit of Ecstasy">Spirit of Ecstasy</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce cars</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stork" title="Stork">Stork</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza" title="Hispano-Suiza">Hispano-Suiza</a> cars<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Three-pointed star surrounded by a circle on <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> sedans and wagons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buick#Trishield" title="Buick">Trishields</a> on <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a> cars<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Additionally, many models in all price and market segments, such as <a href="/wiki/Buick_Regal" title="Buick Regal">Buick Regal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Impala" title="Chevrolet Impala">Chevrolet Impala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeep_Wagoneer_(SJ)" title="Jeep Wagoneer (SJ)">Jeep Grand Wagoneer (SJ)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Cordoba" title="Chrysler Cordoba">Chrysler Cordoba</a>, featured unique emblems and accompanying distinctive standup hood ornaments.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_importance_of_design">The importance of design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The importance of design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While "originally designed for a purpose," the hood ornament became "transformed into elaborate decorations or symbols."<sup id="cite_ref-Frick_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frick-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the radiator cap was changed into an art form and became a way of individualizing the car, "representing a company's vision of the automobile", or "speaking volumes about the owner" of the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-culture_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another design objective developed for the hood ornament "reflected an idea of motion and speed and grace."<sup id="cite_ref-Frick_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frick-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are legal issues in protecting the designs of hood ornaments. Less expensive than patenting the design, protection by copyright may be possible "only if, and only to the extent that, such design incorporates pictorial, graphic, or sculptural features that can be identified separately from, and capable of existing independently of, the utilitarian aspects of the article."<sup id="cite_ref-PropertyLaw_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PropertyLaw-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the Rolls Royce ornament could be used as a separate sculpture while most other distinctive hood ornament forms would not be considered free-standing items.<sup id="cite_ref-PropertyLaw_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PropertyLaw-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials_used_in_manufacturing">Materials used in manufacturing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Materials used in manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hood ornaments are usually cast in <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chrome_plating" title="Chrome plating">chrome plated</a>. During the years when chrome plating was unavailable, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> was substituted. Some also incorporated other materials, like plastic, bakelite, or colored glass. The 1950 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Ford Custom</a> DeLuxe hood ornament was molded in <a href="/wiki/Poly(methyl_methacrylate)" title="Poly(methyl methacrylate)">Plexiglas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others contained a light bulb for illumination at night. Pontiac featured a lighted Indian-head hood ornament through 1955, after which it was replaced by the flying V design.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The best-known glass mascots were made by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique" title="René Lalique">René Lalique</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sellers or producers of glass mascots include Sabino in France, Red Ashay in England, and Persons Majestic in the U.S. The latter two had their products made in Czechoslovakia. Like <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lejeune_Ltd." title="Louis Lejeune Ltd.">Louis Lejeune Ltd.</a>, the Lalique Company is one of the few survivors from this era of motoring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collectibility">Collectibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collectibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some hood ornaments are attractive for more than the car's owners such as the red-white-and-blue golden lion crests that were on the hoods of 1950 Fords that children took to decorate their hats, belts, or bicycles.<sup id="cite_ref-liberating_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liberating-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company solved the problem by offering a free miniature crest to all the kids that wrote letters requesting one.<sup id="cite_ref-liberating_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liberating-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a collector's market for hood ornaments and car mascots.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (December 2017)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup> One of the most sought-after is the Nash Petty Hood Ornament, with one of the most largest followers of all hood ornament collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To satisfy collectors, reproduction castings of the "Flying Lady" are being made from the original Nash ornament.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCranswick2012" class="citation book cs1">Cranswick, Marc (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carsofamericanmo0000cran"><i>The Cars of American Motors: An Illustrated History</i></a></span>. McFarland. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carsofamericanmo0000cran/page/47">47</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786446728" title="Special:BookSources/9780786446728"><bdi>9780786446728</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>. <q>...Marlin's hood ornament was redesigned, so it seemed less obtrusive.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cars+of+American+Motors%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780786446728&rft.aulast=Cranswick&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarsofamericanmo0000cran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-culture-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-culture_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinckleyRobinson2005" class="citation book cs1">Hinckley, James; Robinson, Jon G. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJ_qWhCZm04C&q=hood+ornaments&pg=PA76"><i>The Big Book of Car Culture: The Armchair Guide to Automotive Americana</i></a>. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760319659" title="Special:BookSources/9780760319659"><bdi>9780760319659</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Book+of+Car+Culture%3A+The+Armchair+Guide+to+Automotive+Americana&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=MotorBooks%2FMBI&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780760319659&rft.aulast=Hinckley&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Jon+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfJ_qWhCZm04C%26q%3Dhood%2Bornaments%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbe2006" class="citation book cs1">Corbe, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VsHe_dcvXKgC&q=The+first+hood+ornament+was+found+on+a+chariot+buried+with+the+Egyptian+pharaoh+Tutankhamun&pg=PA29"><i>A History of Cars</i></a>. Gareth Stevens. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780836862867" title="Special:BookSources/9780836862867"><bdi>9780836862867</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cars&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Gareth+Stevens&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780836862867&rft.aulast=Corbe&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVsHe_dcvXKgC%26q%3DThe%2Bfirst%2Bhood%2Bornament%2Bwas%2Bfound%2Bon%2Ba%2Bchariot%2Bburied%2Bwith%2Bthe%2BEgyptian%2Bpharaoh%2BTutankhamun%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel1996" class="citation book cs1">Witzel, Michael Karl (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/route66remembere00witz"><i>Route 66 Remembered</i></a></span>. Motorbooks. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/route66remembere00witz/page/31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760301142" title="Special:BookSources/9780760301142"><bdi>9780760301142</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>. <q>America's heyday for hood ornaments.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Route+66+Remembered&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Motorbooks&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780760301142&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.aufirst=Michael+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froute66remembere00witz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosen_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosen_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossen2023" class="citation web cs1">Rossen, Jake (29 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/why-cars-dont-have-hood-ornaments-anymore">"Why Don't Cars Have Hood Ornaments Anymore?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Don%27t+Cars+Have+Hood+Ornaments+Anymore%3F&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft.aulast=Rossen&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mentalfloss.com%2Fposts%2Fwhy-cars-dont-have-hood-ornaments-anymore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwett2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_E._Swett" title="Pamela E. 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Coffee House Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/autopsyofengineo0000hern/page/151">151</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781566891615" title="Special:BookSources/9781566891615"><bdi>9781566891615</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autopsy+of+an+engine+and+other+stories+from+the+Cadillac+plant&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Coffee+House+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781566891615&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Lolita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fautopsyofengineo0000hern%2Fpage%2F151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdler2000" class="citation book cs1">Adler, Dennis (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zvQsLkoMPmEC&dq=Bentley+hood+ornament&pg=PA26"><i>The Art of the Automobile: The 100 Greatest Cars</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Automobile%3A+The+100+Greatest+Cars&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780061051289&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzvQsLkoMPmEC%26dq%3DBentley%2Bhood%2Bornament%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s_PmBLjnXVsC&dq=Horch+hood+ornament&pg=PA118"><i>Heritage Vintage & Contemporary Photography Auction #5020</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Automobile+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Peugeot&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8zxWAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DLion%2Brampant%2Bornament%2BPeugeot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnell2006" class="citation book cs1">Gunnell, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joFTAAAAMAAJ&q=A%2Bspecial%2BMarlin%2Bhood%2Bornament%2Bwas"><i>Standard Catalog of American Muscle Cars 1960-1972</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riding+the+roller+coaster%3A+a+history+of+the+Chrysler+Corporation&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780814330913&rft.aulast=Hyde&rft.aufirst=Charles+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaQhTq18vi7AC%26q%3DDodge%2BRam%2Bhood%2Bornament%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrandall1999" class="citation magazine cs1">Crandall, Larry (March–April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E1gEAAAAMBAJ&q=Rolls-Royce+hood+ornament&pg=PA133">"The Spirit of Ecstasy"</a>. <i>Tampa Bay Magazine</i>. Vol. 14, no. 2. p. 133<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Spirit+of+Ecstasy&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133&rft.date=1999-03%2F1999-04&rft.aulast=Crandall&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE1gEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DRolls-Royce%2Bhood%2Bornament%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFadón2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fadón, Borja (31 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motorpasion.com/clasicos/hispano-suiza-recuerdos-de-una-epoca-gloriosa">"Hispano Suiza, recuerdos de una época gloriosa"</a>. <i>Motorpasion</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Motorpasion&rft.atitle=Hispano+Suiza%2C+recuerdos+de+una+%C3%A9poca+gloriosa&rft.date=2009-05-31&rft.aulast=Fad%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Borja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motorpasion.com%2Fclasicos%2Fhispano-suiza-recuerdos-de-una-epoca-gloriosa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoch2014" class="citation web cs1">Koch, Jeff (12 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2014/12/12/the-whole-storky-why-is-there-a-bird-on-the-radiator-of-that-car">"The whole stor(k)y – why is there a bird on the radiator of that car?"</a>. <i>Hemmings</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hemmings&rft.atitle=The+whole+stor%28k%29y+%E2%80%93+why+is+there+a+bird+on+the+radiator+of+that+car%3F&rft.date=2014-12-12&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2F2014%2F12%2F12%2Fthe-whole-storky-why-is-there-a-bird-on-the-radiator-of-that-car&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnell2004" class="citation book cs1">Gunnell, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PO65ddhim6kC&q=A+new+stand-up+hood+ornament+with+a+tri-shield+design+was+installed+on+all+models&pg=PA254"><i>Standard catalog of Buick, 1903-2004</i></a>. Krause. p. 254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873497602" title="Special:BookSources/9780873497602"><bdi>9780873497602</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+catalog+of+Buick%2C+1903-2004&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Krause&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780873497602&rft.aulast=Gunnell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPO65ddhim6kC%26q%3DA%2Bnew%2Bstand-up%2Bhood%2Bornament%2Bwith%2Ba%2Btri-shield%2Bdesign%2Bwas%2Binstalled%2Bon%2Ball%2Bmodels%26pg%3DPA254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.classiccarstodayonline.com/2017/12/15/a-look-back-at-the-1963-1991-jeep-wagoneer-a-guide-to-year-to-year-changes-2/45-1986-jeep-grand-wagoneer-hood-ornament/">"1986 Jeep Grand Wagoneer hood ornament"</a>. <i>classiccarstodayonline.com</i>. 19 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2023</span>. <q>the standard hood ornament on all 1986-91 Jeep Grand Wagoneers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=classiccarstodayonline.com&rft.atitle=1986+Jeep+Grand+Wagoneer+hood+ornament&rft.date=2014-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.classiccarstodayonline.com%2F2017%2F12%2F15%2Fa-look-back-at-the-1963-1991-jeep-wagoneer-a-guide-to-year-to-year-changes-2%2F45-1986-jeep-grand-wagoneer-hood-ornament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnell1982" class="citation book cs1">Gunnell, John (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joFTAAAAMAAJ&q=Chrysler+Cordoba+hood+ornament"><i>Standard Catalog of American Cars, 1946-1975</i></a>. Krause. p. 576. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873410274" title="Special:BookSources/9780873410274"><bdi>9780873410274</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>.... distinctive medallions were set into the taillamps and the stand-up hood ornament ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+American+Cars%2C+1946-1975&rft.pages=576&rft.pub=Krause&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780873410274&rft.aulast=Gunnell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjoFTAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DChrysler%2BCordoba%2Bhood%2Bornament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frick-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frick_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frick_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrop2021" class="citation web cs1">Harrop, JoAnne Klimovich (3 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://triblive.com/aande/museums/hood-ornament-exhibition-opens-at-the-frick-pittsburgh/">"Hood ornament exhibition opens at The Frick Pittsburgh"</a>. <i>TribLIVE.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TribLIVE.com&rft.atitle=Hood+ornament+exhibition+opens+at+The+Frick+Pittsburgh&rft.date=2021-05-03&rft.aulast=Harrop&rft.aufirst=JoAnne+Klimovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftriblive.com%2Faande%2Fmuseums%2Fhood-ornament-exhibition-opens-at-the-frick-pittsburgh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PropertyLaw-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PropertyLaw_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PropertyLaw_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandesPosner2003" class="citation book cs1">Landes, William M.; Posner, Richard A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economic+Structure+of+Intellectual+Property+Law&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780674265295&rft.aulast=Landes&rft.aufirst=William+M.&rft.au=Posner%2C+Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtSEsEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DHood%2Bornament%2Bas%2Ba%2Bbrand%2Bidentifier%26pg%3DPT332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Omc2AQAAIAAJ&q=Ford%20DeLuxe%20Hood%20Ornament%20Designed%20by%20Ray%20Russell%20Molded%20in%20Plexiglas%20by%20Detroit%20Plastic%20Molding">"Ford's Plexiglass hood ornament"</a>. <i>Modern Plastics</i>. Vol. 28. Breskin & Charleton. 1951. p. 177<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Plastics&rft.atitle=Ford%27s+Plexiglass+hood+ornament&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=177&rft.date=1951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOmc2AQAAIAAJ%26q%3DFord%2520DeLuxe%2520Hood%2520Ornament%2520Designed%2520by%2520Ray%2520Russell%2520Molded%2520in%2520Plexiglas%2520by%2520Detroit%2520Plastic%2520Molding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sdwDAAAAMBAJ&q=Pontiac+lighted+hood+ornament+ornament&pg=PA88">"1955 Pontiac is all New"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>. Vol. 102, no. 5. November 1954. pp. 88–89<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=1955+Pontiac+is+all+New&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=88-89&rft.date=1954-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsdwDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DPontiac%2Blighted%2Bhood%2Bornament%2Bornament%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWraight" class="citation web cs1">Wraight, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028060711/http://finesse-fine-art.com/Lalique/lalart.htm">"René Lalique pre-war Car Mascots article"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finesse-fine-art.com/Lalique/lalart.htm">the original</a> on 28 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ren%C3%A9+Lalique+pre-war+Car+Mascots+article&rft.aulast=Wraight&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.finesse-fine-art.com%2FLalique%2Flalart.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liberating-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liberating_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liberating_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunnell2011" class="citation book cs1">Gunnell, John (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YBRjDwAAQBAJ&q=children+from+“liberating”+the+red-white-and-blue+golden+lion+crests+from+the+hoods+of+1950+Ford&pg=PT178"><i>Standard Catalog of Ford, 1903-2002: 100 Years of History, Photos, Technical Data and Pricing</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440230387" title="Special:BookSources/9781440230387"><bdi>9781440230387</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+Ford%2C+1903-2002%3A+100+Years+of+History%2C+Photos%2C+Technical+Data+and+Pricing&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781440230387&rft.aulast=Gunnell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYBRjDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dchildren%2Bfrom%2B%E2%80%9Cliberating%E2%80%9D%2Bthe%2Bred-white-and-blue%2Bgolden%2Blion%2Bcrests%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bhoods%2Bof%2B1950%2BFord%26pg%3DPT178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlice2006" class="citation web cs1">Alice, Michele (17 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030041439/http://www.ecommercebytes.com/cab/abu/y206/m09/abu0175/s04">"Collector's Corner: Automobilia - Hood Ornaments and Mascots"</a>. <i>ecommercebytes.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecommercebytes.com/cab/abu/y206/m09/abu0175/s04">the original</a> on 30 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecommercebytes.com&rft.atitle=Collector%27s+Corner%3A+Automobilia+-+Hood+Ornaments+and+Mascots&rft.date=2006-09-17&rft.aulast=Alice&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecommercebytes.com%2Fcab%2Fabu%2Fy206%2Fm09%2Fabu0175%2Fs04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectorsweekly.com/classic-cars/hood-ornaments">"Vintage Hood Ornaments"</a>. <i>collectorsweekly.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collectorsweekly.com&rft.atitle=Vintage+Hood+Ornaments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectorsweekly.com%2Fclassic-cars%2Fhood-ornaments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuvak2012" class="citation book cs1">Suvak, David (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=epxw-BwKpTkC&q=Justin+and+I+collected+just+about+every+kind+of+hood+ornament+there+was:&pg=PA19"><i>Test drive to Chicago: and other trips and tales</i></a>. Xlibris. pp. 19–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781479755530" title="Special:BookSources/9781479755530"><bdi>9781479755530</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Test+drive+to+Chicago%3A+and+other+trips+and+tales&rft.pages=19-22&rft.pub=Xlibris&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781479755530&rft.aulast=Suvak&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Depxw-BwKpTkC%26q%3DJustin%2Band%2BI%2Bcollected%2Bjust%2Babout%2Bevery%2Bkind%2Bof%2Bhood%2Bornament%2Bthere%2Bwas%3A%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fluidchromestudios.com/product/1953-nash-flying-goddess-hood-ornament/">"1953 Nash Flying Goddess Hood Ornament"</a>. <i>Fluid Chrome Studios</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fluid+Chrome+Studios&rft.atitle=1953+Nash+Flying+Goddess+Hood+Ornament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffluidchromestudios.com%2Fproduct%2F1953-nash-flying-goddess-hood-ornament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whiteglovecollection.com/shop/george-petty-nash-flying-lady-hood-ornament/">"George Petty Nash Flying Lady Hood Ornament, $1,250.00"</a>. <i>whiteglovecollection.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whiteglovecollection.com&rft.atitle=George+Petty+Nash+Flying+Lady+Hood+Ornament%2C+%241%2C250.00&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhiteglovecollection.com%2Fshop%2Fgeorge-petty-nash-flying-lady-hood-ornament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hood_ornament&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hood_ornaments" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hood ornaments">Hood ornaments</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://northstargallery.com/cars/indexmascots.htm">"Automobile and Car Mascots"</a>. <i>northstargallery.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=northstargallery.com&rft.atitle=Automobile+and+Car+Mascots&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnorthstargallery.com%2Fcars%2Findexmascots.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDreßler2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dreßler, Matthias (2019). <i>Kühlerfiguren klassischer Automobile 1909-1939</i> [<i>Radiator Mascots of the Classic Car Era 1909-1939</i>] (in German). Matthias Dreßler. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783000608650" title="Special:BookSources/9783000608650"><bdi>9783000608650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%BChlerfiguren+klassischer+Automobile+1909-1939&rft.pub=Matthias+Dre%C3%9Fler&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9783000608650&rft.aulast=Dre%C3%9Fler&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner2014" class="citation book cs1">Weiner, Geoffrey George (2014). <i>Unique Lalique mascots</i>. Trans-Atlantic Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781909984219" title="Special:BookSources/9781909984219"><bdi>9781909984219</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unique+Lalique+mascots&rft.pub=Trans-Atlantic+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781909984219&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner2017" class="citation book cs1">Weiner, Geoffrey George (2017). <i>Unique Lalique Mascots Volume 2</i>. Grosvenor House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786239037" title="Special:BookSources/9781786239037"><bdi>9781786239037</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unique+Lalique+Mascots+Volume+2&rft.pub=Grosvenor+House&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781786239037&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHood+ornament" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_frame" title="Vehicle frame">Framework</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backbone_chassis" title="Backbone chassis">Backbone chassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltline_(automotive)" title="Beltline (automotive)">Beltline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">Body-on-frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_(car)" title="Bumper (car)">Bumper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagmar_bumper" title="Dagmar bumper">Dagmar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">Chassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_tire" title="Continental tire">Continental tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumple_zone" title="Crumple zone">Crumple zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fender_(vehicle)" title="Fender (vehicle)">Fender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponton_(car)" title="Ponton (car)">ponton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fender_skirts" title="Fender skirts">skirts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grille_(car)" title="Grille (car)">Grille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(car)" title="Hood (car)">Hood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hood_scoop" title="Hood scoop">scoop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaker_scoop" title="Shaker scoop">shaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">Monocoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(vehicles)" title="Overhang (vehicles)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_(car)" title="Pillar (car)">Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_platform" title="Car platform">Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_panel" title="Quarter panel">Quarter panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_roof" title="Automobile roof">Roof</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roof_rack" title="Roof rack">rack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoiler_(car)" title="Spoiler (car)">Spoiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stressed_member_engine" title="Stressed member engine">Stressed member engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subframe" title="Subframe">Subframe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonneau" title="Tonneau">Tonneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_lid" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunk lid">Trunk lid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Compartments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(car)" title="Hood (car)">Hood/bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_(car)" title="Trunk (car)">Trunk/boot/dickie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Car_door" title="Car door">Doors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_doors" title="Butterfly doors">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_canopy" title="Vehicle canopy">Canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull-wing_door" title="Gull-wing door">Gull-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissor_doors" title="Scissor doors">Scissor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliding_door_(car)" title="Sliding door (car)">Sliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_door" title="Suicide door">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_doors" title="Swan doors">Swan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_glass" title="Vehicle glass">Glass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_run_channel" title="Glass run channel">Glass run channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_(car)" title="Greenhouse (car)">Greenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_window" title="Opera window">Opera window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_window" title="Power window">Power window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_glass" title="Quarter glass">Quarter glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunroof" title="Sunroof">Sunroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windshield" title="Windshield">Windshield/windscreen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windshield_washer_fluid" title="Windshield washer fluid">washer fluid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windscreen_wiper" title="Windscreen wiper">wiper</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_sticker" title="Bumper sticker">Bumper sticker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curb_feeler" title="Curb feeler">Curb feeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-end_bra" title="Front-end bra">Front-end bra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hood ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle_instruments" title="List of vehicle instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_black" title="Japan black">Japan black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerf_bar" title="Nerf bar">Nerf bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omniview_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Omniview technology">Omniview technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_parts" title="List of auto parts">Parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">Tire/tyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Run-flat_tire" title="Run-flat tire">run-flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spare_tire" title="Spare tire">spare</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Geometry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Approach_and_departure_angles" title="Approach and departure angles">Approach and departure angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakover_angle" title="Breakover angle">Breakover angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(vehicles)" title="Overhang (vehicles)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_height" title="Ride height">Ride height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_center" title="Roll center">Roll center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_radius" title="Turning radius">Turning radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_distribution" title="Weight distribution">Weight distribution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Exterior<br />equipment</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_lighting" title="Automotive lighting">Lighting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automotive_light_bulb_types" title="List of automotive light bulb types">Automotive light bulb types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp" title="Daytime running lamp">Daytime running lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headlamp" title="Headlamp">Headlamp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_headlamp" title="Hidden headlamp">hidden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-intensity_discharge_lamp" title="High-intensity discharge lamp">high-intensity discharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabolic_aluminized_reflector" title="Parabolic aluminized reflector">sealed beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafficators" title="Trafficators">trafficators</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_horn" title="Vehicle horn">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-view_mirror" title="Side-view mirror">Side-view mirror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_side-view_mirror" title="Power side-view mirror">power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_hitch" title="Tow hitch">Tow hitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_deflector" title="Window deflector">Window deflector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;font-weight:normal;">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Registration plate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanity_plate" title="Vanity plate">vanity plate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle_theft" title="Motor vehicle theft">Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number" title="Vehicle identification number">Vehicle identification number (VIN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Automobiles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Automobiles">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ornaments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ornaments" title="Template:Ornaments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ornaments" title="Template talk:Ornaments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ornaments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ornaments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ornaments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">Ornaments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acanthus_(ornament)" title="Acanthus (ornament)">Acanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antefix" title="Antefix">Antefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_flower" title="Ball flower">Ball flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bead_and_reel" title="Bead and reel">Bead and reel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)" title="Blackamoor (decorative arts)">Blackamoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchwork" title="Branchwork">Branchwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucranium" title="Bucranium">Bucranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_(ornament)" title="Buta (ornament)">Buta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche_(design)" title="Cartouche (design)">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_ornament" title="Christmas ornament">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">Cornucopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curlicue" title="Curlicue">Curlicue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentil" title="Dentil">Dentil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog-tooth" title="Dog-tooth">Dog-tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg-and-dart" title="Egg-and-dart">Egg-and-dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festoon" title="Festoon">Festoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foil_(architecture)" title="Foil (architecture)">Foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadrooning" title="Gadrooning">Gadrooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_ornament" title="Garden ornament">Garden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lawn_ornament" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawn ornament">Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland_bearers" title="Garland bearers">Garland bearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girih" title="Girih">Girih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Man" title="Green Man">Green Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">Grotesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilloch%C3%A9" title="Guilloché">Guilloché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gul_(design)" title="Gul (design)">Gul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilarri" title="Hilarri">Hilarri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lintel" title="Lintel">Lintel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margent" title="Margent">Margent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascaron_(architecture)" title="Mascaron (architecture)">Mascaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_(art)" title="Meander (art)">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medallion_(architecture)" title="Medallion (architecture)">Medallion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millefleur" title="Millefleur">Millefleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">Molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moresque" title="Moresque">Moresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmette" title="Palmette">Palmette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">Plant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ornamental_bulbous_plant" title="Ornamental bulbous plant">Bulbous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornamental_grass" title="Ornamental grass">Grass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_ornament" title="Peak ornament">Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puer_mingens" title="Puer mingens">Puer mingens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putto" title="Putto">Putto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rais-de-c%C5%93ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rais-de-cœur">Rais-de-cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinceau" title="Rinceau">Rinceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(design)" title="Rosette (design)">Rosette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_(art)" title="Scroll (art)">Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spur_(architecture)" title="Spur (architecture)">Spur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapwork" title="Strapwork">Strapwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_of_arms" title="Trophy of arms">Trophy of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volute" title="Volute">Volute</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vitruvian_scroll" title="Vitruvian scroll">Vitruvian scroll</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zellige" class="mw-redirect" title="Zellige">Zellige</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borromean-rings_minimal-overlap.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Borromean rings." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Borromean-rings_minimal-overlap.svg/80px-Borromean-rings_minimal-overlap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Borromean-rings_minimal-overlap.svg/120px-Borromean-rings_minimal-overlap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Borromean-rings_minimal-overlap.svg/160px-Borromean-rings_minimal-overlap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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