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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>早期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-卡米卢斯时期（拉丁战争）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卡米卢斯时期（拉丁战争）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>卡米卢斯时期（拉丁战争）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卡米卢斯时期（拉丁战争）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-波利比奥斯时期（第二次布匿战争）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#波利比奥斯时期（第二次布匿战争）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>波利比奥斯时期（第二次布匿战争）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-波利比奥斯时期（第二次布匿战争）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-马略改革" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#马略改革"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>马略改革</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-马略改革-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考条目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考条目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考条目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考条目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释及参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释及参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>注释及参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释及参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">后备兵 (罗马军团)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。28种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ترياري – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترياري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Трыярыі – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трыярыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Трыарыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трыарыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Триарии – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Триарии" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triari" title="Triari – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Triari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarier" title="Triarier – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Triarier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarios" title="Triarios – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Triarios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="טריאריים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טריאריים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarius" title="Triarius – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Triarius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%B4" title="트리아리이 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트리아리이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarius" title="Triarius – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Triarius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%C3%A1rio" title="Triário – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Triário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Триарии – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Триарии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triariji" title="Triariji – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Triariji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Тријарији – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тријарији" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triarii" title="Triarii – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Triarii" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Тріарії – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тріарії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q143546#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&oldid=84511941" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&id=84511941&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2590%258E%25E5%25A4%2587%25E5%2585%25B5_%28%25E7%25BD%2597%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E5%2586%259B%25E5%259B%25A2%29"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2590%258E%25E5%25A4%2587%25E5%2585%25B5_%28%25E7%25BD%2597%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E5%2586%259B%25E5%259B%25A2%29"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q143546" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Link_style plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-link-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_wikify.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/40px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/60px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ambox_wikify.svg/80px-Ambox_wikify.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>部分链接不符合<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LINKS">格式手冊</a>規範</b>。<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:MOSIW" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:MOSIW">跨語言链接</a>及章節標題等處的链接可能需要清理。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年12月13日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit">改善</a>此條目。參見<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/链接">WP:LINKSTYLE</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5#跨语言链接" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/链接">WP:MOSIW</a>以了解細節。<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&withCSS=MediaWiki:Extiw.css&withJS=MediaWiki:Extiw.js&oldid=-">突出显示跨语言链接</a>可以便于检查。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国">罗马共和国</a>时代早期，<b>后备兵</b>（也译作<b>老兵</b>，<b>三线兵</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">Triarii</span>，单数<span lang="la">Triarius</span><sup id="cite_ref-ftn1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2" title="罗马军团">罗马军团</a>中的一个兵种。 </p><p>他们穿着重金属甲，配备长矛和大盾，经常被布置在第三线<sup id="cite_ref-ftn2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔库斯·弗里乌斯·卡米卢斯（页面不存在）">马尔库斯·弗里乌斯·卡米卢斯</a>时期，他们通常组成较浅的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E9%98%B5" class="mw-disambig" title="方阵">方阵</a>，在轻型兵种的帮助下作战。但是在大部分战斗中，敌人都被第一线的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%B5" title="青年兵">青年兵</a>和第二线的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%B5" title="壮年兵">壮年兵</a>解决，这些老兵小队（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniple_(military_unit)" class="extiw" title="en:Maniple (military unit)">Manipulus</a>）很少会被实际投入战斗。一旦这些步兵被投入战场时，表示战役已面临决战时刻，因此“<b>事情发展到了后备兵</b>”（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">Rem ad Triarios redisse</span>）成了一句表示“事情已经到了危急关头”的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="谚语">谚语</a><sup id="cite_ref-ftn3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ftn4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>最初，他们是由步兵中最富裕的人组成，可以支付得起最好的装备，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次布匿战争">第二次布匿战争</a>前，经过若干改革后，后备兵成了军团中年龄最大，经验最丰富的部队。在前107年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%95%A5%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="马略改革">马略改革</a>后，该兵种被逐步淘汰。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F"></span>早期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：早期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>后备兵可能是由早在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马王政时代">罗马王政时代</a>后三王时期，即所谓<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="伊特鲁里亚人">伊特鲁里亚人</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔克文王朝（页面不存在）">塔克文王朝</a>统治时期军队中的第一等级发展而来<sup id="cite_ref-ftn5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。该等级由军团中最富有的士兵组成，装备与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E9%87%8D%E8%A3%9D%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘重裝步兵">希腊重装步兵</a>类似，包括长矛、胸甲和大盾。在早期罗马军队中，这一兵种作为重装步兵，以庞大的步兵方阵的形式投入最前线作战。之后，在对<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%8E%AB%E5%A5%88%E4%BA%BA" title="萨莫奈人">萨莫奈人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2%E4%BA%BA" title="高卢人">高卢人</a>的战争中，罗马人逐渐认识到了在<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>中部多山地带作战时，庞大的希腊方阵的种种不足以及灵活机动的重要性<sup id="cite_ref-ftn6_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ftn7_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="卡米卢斯时期（拉丁战争）"><span id=".E5.8D.A1.E7.B1.B3.E5.8D.A2.E6.96.AF.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F.EF.BC.88.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E6.88.98.E4.BA.89.EF.BC.89"></span>卡米卢斯时期（拉丁战争）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：卡米卢斯时期（拉丁战争）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="拉丁战争">拉丁战争</a></div> <p>直到前4世纪，罗马人还在延用从伊特鲁里亚人那里继承过来的军队构成以及战斗队形。虽然效果很值得怀疑，但是至少在罗马人与其周围邻居的交战中，这些方式还是被证明是有用的。前390年，伊特鲁里亚遭高卢人入侵，因而向罗马人求援，后者派去的小型分遣队导致了高卢人对罗马的全面进攻。在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿里亚战役（页面不存在）">阿里亚战役</a>中，罗马惨败给入侵的高卢人，军队全军覆没，除<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%98" title="羅馬七丘">罗马七丘</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%8C%B9%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="卡匹托尔山">卡匹托尔山</a>外，罗马几乎全部沦陷。 </p><p>战后，罗马人在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔库斯·弗里乌斯·卡米卢斯（页面不存在）">马尔库斯·弗里乌斯·卡米卢斯</a>的带领下进行了全面的改革（约前386年），旧的希腊方阵被抛弃。在新的体系中，所有士兵根据其拥有的财产被分为不同的级别<sup id="cite_ref-ftn8_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn8-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，后备兵属于较富有的级别，仅次于骑兵<sup id="cite_ref-ftn9_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他们的武器包括一杆约两米的长矛（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasta_(spear)" class="extiw" title="en:Hasta (spear)">Hasta</a>），以及一柄约74厘米长的短剑（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladius" class="extiw" title="en:Gladius">gladius</a>）用于近身作战或者长矛折断时使用。防护装备包括一块希腊圆盾（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipeus" class="extiw" title="en:Clipeus">Clipeus</a>），胸前一块方形或圆形铜板作为胸甲，铜做的头盔顶部往往还有黑色或者是紫色羽毛的盔冠使得身材看起来比实际更高。比较有钱的军团士兵可能会穿<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%AD%90%E7%94%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="锁子甲">锁子甲</a>。很多人还会在他们的盾牌上描绘或者雕刻出其祖先的画像并深信这会为自己带来好运<sup id="cite_ref-ftn10_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn10-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>根据<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E7%BB%B4" title="蒂托·李维">李维</a>的记载<sup id="cite_ref-ftn11_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在拉丁战争期间的罗马军团中的步兵被分为五个等级，三个梯队： </p> <ul><li>第一线的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%B5" title="青年兵">青年兵</a><sup id="cite_ref-ftn12_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：装备有近2米长的长矛（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasta_(spear)" class="extiw" title="en:Hasta (spear)">Hasta</a>，该兵种由此得名），共15个小队（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniple_(military_unit)" class="extiw" title="en:Maniple (military unit)">Manipulus</a>），每队60名士兵，2名<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%A4%AB%E9%95%B7" title="百夫長">百夫长</a>，1名旗手（其他兵种的小队人员组成与之相同）。</li> <li>第二线的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%B5" title="壮年兵">壮年兵</a><sup id="cite_ref-ftn12_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn12-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：由较为富有者组成的军队核心，装备较好。同样组成15个小队，位于青年兵之后。</li> <li>第三线也分作为15组，位于壮年兵之后，但是每一组都是加强了的3个小队，从前之后依次是： <ul><li><span lang="la">Triarii</span>，后备兵，意为第三线，最为富裕的步兵，装备最好。</li> <li><span lang="la">Rorarii</span>，较为贫困者组成的预备部队。</li> <li><span lang="la">Accensi</span>，意为助手或冗员，与前两者相比不太可靠<sup id="cite_ref-ftn13_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn13-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由部队中最贫困者组成，仅配备有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%BC%A6" title="机弦">抛石带</a>，只用于极端情况或者用以填补前面的阵亡者留下的空缺。</li></ul></li></ul> <p>这三种等级也会被统称为三线兵（<span lang="la">Triarii</span>）。此外，还有若干投矛手（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leves" class="extiw" title="en:Leves">Leves</a>），以及负责侧翼安全及用于追击敌方逃兵的骑兵。整个军团共约5000步兵，300骑兵。 </p><p>在战斗时，由作为散兵的投矛手在最前方向敌方投掷<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E6%9E%AA" title="标枪">标枪</a>，掩护第一线的青年兵攻击。假如这波进攻失败的话，这些部队就会后撤，协同装备更好且经验更丰富的壮年兵发起第二波攻势。如果这次攻击再次失败的话，前方的部队会退回第三线的后备兵后方，由装备最好且经验最丰富的老兵们接管。这种情况非常少见，由此也衍生出了罗马人的一句谚语：“<b>事情发展到了后备兵</b>”（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">Rem ad Triarios redisse</span>），用来表示“事情已经到了危急关头”<sup id="cite_ref-ftn3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ftn4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="波利比奥斯时期（第二次布匿战争）"><span id=".E6.B3.A2.E5.88.A9.E6.AF.94.E5.A5.A5.E6.96.AF.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F.EF.BC.88.E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E5.B8.83.E5.8C.BF.E6.88.98.E4.BA.89.EF.BC.89"></span>波利比奥斯时期（第二次布匿战争）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：波利比奥斯时期（第二次布匿战争）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次布匿战争">第二次布匿战争</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大平原战役（页面不存在）">大平原战役</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E9%A9%AC%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="扎马战役">扎马战役</a></div> <p>到了前3世纪后期的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第二次布匿战争">第二次布匿战争</a>之前，这一作战体系已经显得落伍，特别是与<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="迦太基人">迦太基人</a>作战的时候。在一系列而不是一次性的变革之后，一个新的作战体系逐渐形成了。在这个新的体系中，步兵的等级不再依据其富裕程度，而是依据其年龄和作战经验。其中，后备兵的年龄最大，作战经验最丰富<sup id="cite_ref-ftn14_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，因而也被称为<b>老兵</b>，他们的装备与之前相同，只不过他们的盾牌从希腊圆盾（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipeus" class="extiw" title="en:Clipeus">Clipeus</a>）变成了能够提供更多保护的罗马方盾（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutum_(shield)" class="extiw" title="en:Scutum (shield)">Scutum</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-ftn15_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>新的系统中，最后面的<span lang="la">Rorarii</span>与<span lang="la">Accensi</span>被取消，第一、第二线仍然被称为<span lang="la">Hastati</span>和<span lang="la">Principes</span>，后备兵仍然位居第三线，但人数从之前的15个小队900人降为了10个小队600人。投矛手（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leves" class="extiw" title="en:Leves">Leves</a>）也被标枪兵（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velites" class="extiw" title="en:Velites">Velites</a>）所替代，后者的职责与前者类似，只是作战时依附于青年兵和壮年兵<sup id="cite_ref-ftn0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。战斗顺序也与之前的类似：标枪兵先在最前方投掷标枪，而后辅助青年兵的第一波进攻。假如这波攻击失败的话，则由壮年兵接手。在这个体系中，壮年兵的武器不再是长矛，而是短剑。假如壮年兵再失败的话，就退到后备兵后，由后备兵负责第三波攻击<sup id="cite_ref-ftn16_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在大部分战役中，这一进攻顺序都被严格执行。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%87%E9%98%BF" title="大西庇阿">大西庇阿</a>领导的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大平原战役（页面不存在）">大平原战役</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8E%E9%A9%AC%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="扎马战役">扎马战役</a>是少数几个例外。在大平原战役中，西庇阿按照常规进行布阵，但是当第一线的青年兵开始与敌人交手后，他马上将二三线的壮年兵和后备兵投入了侧翼包围敌人<sup id="cite_ref-ftn17_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn17-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ftn18_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn18-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在扎马战役中，西庇阿特意拉大了部队间横向距离，形成若干纵向长通道。迦太基布置在最前方的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="戰象">战象</a>大部分被引入这一系列通道，并被布置其中的标枪兵杀死，因而战象对罗马人造成的损失非常小。当所有的战象或被杀或被围后，西庇阿将第一线的青年兵一分为二，移动到两翼，二三线的壮年兵和后备兵则组成中间方阵迎战敌方步兵<sup id="cite_ref-ftn18_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn18-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_manipular_formation_1_zh-cn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roman_manipular_formation_1_zh-cn.svg/250px-Roman_manipular_formation_1_zh-cn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roman_manipular_formation_1_zh-cn.svg/375px-Roman_manipular_formation_1_zh-cn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roman_manipular_formation_1_zh-cn.svg/500px-Roman_manipular_formation_1_zh-cn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>当时典型的布阵方式</figcaption></figure> </td> <td valign="top"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_manipular_formation_2_zh-cn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Roman_manipular_formation_2_zh-cn.svg/250px-Roman_manipular_formation_2_zh-cn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Roman_manipular_formation_2_zh-cn.svg/375px-Roman_manipular_formation_2_zh-cn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Roman_manipular_formation_2_zh-cn.svg/500px-Roman_manipular_formation_2_zh-cn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>标枪兵在发起最初的标枪攻击后，退回第一线的青年兵方阵之后，由后者发起第一波攻击</figcaption></figure> </td> <td valign="top"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Zama.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Battle_of_Zama.gif/250px-Battle_of_Zama.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Battle_of_Zama.gif/375px-Battle_of_Zama.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Battle_of_Zama.gif/500px-Battle_of_Zama.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>扎马战役的动态演示</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="马略改革"><span id=".E9.A9.AC.E7.95.A5.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9"></span>马略改革</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：马略改革"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%95%A5%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="马略改革">马略改革</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" class="mw-redirect" title="军团士兵 (罗马军团)">军团士兵</a></div> <p>前107年，为了应对同时与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%B1%B3%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="努米底亞">努米底亚</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="柏柏尔人">柏柏尔人</a>国王<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%8F%A4%E8%BE%BE" title="朱古达">朱古达</a>（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugurtha" class="extiw" title="en:Jugurtha">Jugurtha</a>）和北部<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a>的战争造成的兵员短缺，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="马略">马略</a>进行了一次重大的军事改革，军团中不同兵种、等级的区别被完全抛弃<sup id="cite_ref-ftn19_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn19-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同时，财富或者年龄的限制也不再存在，参军成了一种职业而不是原先的短期服役。军团中的所有士兵都成了职业的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" class="mw-redirect" title="军团士兵 (罗马军团)">军团士兵</a>（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionary" class="extiw" title="en:Legionary">Legionarius</a>）。作为重装步兵的军团士兵配备有短剑和投枪，且装备不再是自行准备，而是由国家支付，统一装备。之前的其他角色，例如弓箭手、抛石手、骑兵等，都由罗马在各地的，不具有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马公民权">罗马公民身份</a>的同盟者提供，称为辅助部队（<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliaries_(Roman_military)" class="extiw" title="en:Auxiliaries (Roman military)">Auxilia</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-ftn20_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ftn20-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，以区分完全由罗马公民组成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" class="mw-redirect" title="军团士兵 (罗马军团)">军团士兵</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考条目"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.9D.A1.E7.9B.AE"></span>参考条目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参考条目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2" title="罗马军团">罗马军团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%95%A5%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="马略改革">马略改革</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" class="mw-redirect" title="青年兵 (罗马军团)">青年兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" class="mw-redirect" title="壮年兵 (罗马军团)">壮年兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)" class="mw-redirect" title="军团士兵 (罗马军团)">军团士兵</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释及参考资料"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A.E5.8F.8A.E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>注释及参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5_(%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2)&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：注释及参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ftn1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">由“第三”（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">tri</span>）和“线”（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">arius</span>）两个词组成，亦即“第三线”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Southern, Pat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0">The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History</a>. Oxford university press. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0/page/90">90</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0195328787" title="Special:网络书源/0195328787"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0195328787</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Army%3A+A+Social+and+Institutional+History&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0195328787&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Oxford+university+press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromanarmysociali00sout_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftn3_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftn3_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">郭长刚. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9787561724118">失落的文明：古罗马</a>. 华东师范大学出版社. 2000: 第43页. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-5617-2411-X" title="Special:网络书源/7-5617-2411-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-5617-2411-X</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.au=%E9%83%AD%E9%95%BF%E5%88%9A&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%B1%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%9A%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-5617-2411-X&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC43%E9%A1%B5&rft.pub=%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9787561724118&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftn4_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftn4_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.main-vision.com/richard/Latin2.htm">Latin Phrases</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-01-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820182900/http://www.main-vision.com/richard/Latin2.htm">存档</a>于2020-08-20） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.btitle=Latin+Phrases&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.main-vision.com%2Frichard%2FLatin2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn5_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Southern, Pat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0">The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History</a>. Oxford university press. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0/page/89">89</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0195328787" title="Special:网络书源/0195328787"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0195328787</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Army%3A+A+Social+and+Institutional+History&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0195328787&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Oxford+university+press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromanarmysociali00sout_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn6-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn6_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Penrose, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romeherenemiesem0000unse">Rome and Her Enemies: An Empire Created and Destroyed by War</a>. Osprey publishing. 2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romeherenemiesem0000unse/page/29">29</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1841769320" title="Special:网络书源/1841769320"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1841769320</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.btitle=Rome+and+Her+Enemies%3A+An+Empire+Created+and+Destroyed+by+War&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1841769320&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Osprey+publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromeherenemiesem0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn7-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn7_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Southern, Pat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0">The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History</a>. Oxford university press. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0/page/88">88</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0195328787" title="Special:网络书源/0195328787"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0195328787</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Army%3A+A+Social+and+Institutional+History&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0195328787&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Oxford+university+press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromanarmysociali00sout_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn8-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn8_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">当时的罗马军队还不是职业军队，士兵大部分都是自耕农，国家不负责为其提供装备，因此家产的多少决定了装备的好坏，也决定了士兵所属的兵种等级。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn9-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn9_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarygree05smitgoog">A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</a>. Little, Brown, and Co. 1859: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarygree05smitgoog/page/495">495</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0893411663" title="Special:网络书源/0893411663"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0893411663</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Antiquities&rft.date=1859&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0893411663&rft.pages=495&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown%2C+and+Co.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadictionarygree05smitgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn10-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn10_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mommsen, Theodor. The History of Rome, Book II: From the abolition of the monarchy in Rome to the union of Italy. The History of Rome. 1903. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0415149533" title="Special:网络书源/0415149533"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0415149533</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rft.aulast=Mommsen&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Rome%2C+Book+II%3A+From+the+abolition+of+the+monarchy+in+Rome+to+the+union+of+Italy&rft.date=1903&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0415149533&rft.series=The+History+of+Rome&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn11-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn11_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy (VIII.8)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn12-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftn12_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftn12_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">此时军队仍按财产划分等级，青年兵、壮年兵之称只是为了与后期相同名称的兵种翻译保持一致。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn13-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn13_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">minimae fiducia manum, Livy VIII.8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn14-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn14_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Southern, Pat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0">The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History</a>. Oxford university press. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0/page/92">92</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0195328787" title="Special:网络书源/0195328787"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0195328787</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Army%3A+A+Social+and+Institutional+History&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0195328787&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Oxford+university+press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromanarmysociali00sout_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn15-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn15_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mommsen, Theodor. The History of Rome, Book III: From the union of Italy to the subjugation of Carthage and the Greek states. The History of Rome. 1903. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0415149533" title="Special:网络书源/0415149533"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0415149533</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Theodor&rft.aulast=Mommsen&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Rome%2C+Book+III%3A+From+the+union+of+Italy+to+the+subjugation+of+Carthage+and+the+Greek+states&rft.date=1903&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0415149533&rft.series=The+History+of+Rome&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn0_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarygree05smitgoog">A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</a>. Little, Brown, and Co. 1859: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarygree05smitgoog/page/496">496</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0893411663" title="Special:网络书源/0893411663"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0893411663</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Antiquities&rft.date=1859&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0893411663&rft.pages=496&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown%2C+and+Co.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadictionarygree05smitgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn16-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn16_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Penrose, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romeherenemiesem0000unse">Rome and Her Enemies: An Empire Created and Destroyed by War</a>. Osprey Publishing. 2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romeherenemiesem0000unse/page/33">33</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1841769320" title="Special:网络书源/1841769320"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1841769320</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.btitle=Rome+and+Her+Enemies%3A+An+Empire+Created+and+Destroyed+by+War&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1841769320&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromeherenemiesem0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn17-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn17_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Niebuhr, Barthold; Schmitz, Leonhard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lecturesonhisto01schmgoog">Lectures on the history of Rome</a>. Taylor, Walton, and Maberly. 1849: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lecturesonhisto01schmgoog/page/n181">151</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Barthold&rft.aulast=Niebuhr&rft.btitle=Lectures+on+the+history+of+Rome&rft.date=1849&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Taylor%2C+Walton%2C+and+Maberly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flecturesonhisto01schmgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn18-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ftn18_19-0"><sup><b>19.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ftn18_19-1"><sup><b>19.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sekunda, Nick; McBride, Angus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/republicanromana0000nick">Republican Roman Army 200-104 BC</a>. Osprey publishing. 1996: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/republicanromana0000nick/page/20">20</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1855325985" title="Special:网络书源/1855325985"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1855325985</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.aulast=Sekunda&rft.btitle=Republican+Roman+Army+200-104+BC&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1855325985&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Osprey+publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frepublicanromana0000nick&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn19-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn19_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Southern, Pat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0">The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History</a>. Oxford university press. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romanarmysociali00sout_0/page/94">94</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0195328787" title="Special:网络书源/0195328787"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0195328787</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.aulast=Southern&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Army%3A+A+Social+and+Institutional+History&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0195328787&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Oxford+university+press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromanarmysociali00sout_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ftn20-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ftn20_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarygree05smitgoog">A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</a>. Little, Brown, and Co. 1859: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarygree05smitgoog/page/506">506</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0893411663" title="Special:网络书源/0893411663"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0893411663</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%87%E5%85%B5+%28%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%A2%29&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Antiquities&rft.date=1859&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0893411663&rft.pages=506&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown%2C+and+Co.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadictionarygree05smitgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> 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