CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wang Hongwen - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"13956c16-5d7c-46a7-a2f6-1ace9f57493f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Wang_Hongwen","wgTitle":"Wang Hongwen","wgCurRevisionId":1265590333,"wgRevisionId":1265590333,"wgArticleId":157742,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from March 2022","Articles containing Chinese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2024","1935 births","1992 deaths","Politicians from Changchun","People of the Cultural Revolution","Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jilin","Gang of Four", "Members of the 10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party","Anti-revisionists","Expelled members of the Chinese Communist Party","Chinese politicians convicted of crimes","Chinese prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment","Deaths from liver cancer","Chinese Marxists","People's Republic of China politicians from Jilin","Deaths from cancer in the People's Republic of China","Chinese military personnel of the Korean War","Chinese people who died in prison custody","Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the People's Republic of China","Prisoners who died in Chinese detention","Inmates of Qincheng Prison"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Wang_Hongwen","wgRelevantArticleId":157742,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{ "tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q455583","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions" ,"wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Wanghongwen.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1532"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Wanghongwen.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1021"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="817"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wang Hongwen - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Wang_Hongwen rootpage-Wang_Hongwen skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Wang+Hongwen" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wang+Hongwen" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Wang+Hongwen" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wang+Hongwen" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rise_to_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_to_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rise to power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_to_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Downfall_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Downfall_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Downfall and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Downfall_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wang Hongwen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Chung-wen" title="Wang Chung-wen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wang Chung-wen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%ED%9B%99%EC%9B%90" title="왕훙원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕훙원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC_%D9%88%D9%86" title="وانج هونج ون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وانج هونج ون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%87" title="王洪文 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="王洪文" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Ван Хунвэнь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ван Хунвэнь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wang Hongwen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="หวัง หงเหวิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หวัง หงเหวิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_H%E1%BB%93ng_V%C4%83n" title="Vương Hồng Văn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương Hồng Văn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%87" title="王洪文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="王洪文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%87" title="王洪文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="王洪文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q455583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Wang_Hongwen" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongwen"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongwen"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Wang_Hongwen" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wang_Hongwen" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&oldid=1265590333" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Wang_Hongwen&id=1265590333&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWang_Hongwen"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWang_Hongwen"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wang_Hongwen&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wang_Hongwen" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q455583" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese politician and activist (1935–1992)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Wang Hongwen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">王洪文</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wanghongwen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wanghongwen.jpg/220px-Wanghongwen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wanghongwen.jpg/330px-Wanghongwen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Wanghongwen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 August 1973 – 6 October 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">December 1935<br /><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Xinjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a><br /><small>(now <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 August 1992<span style="display:none">(1992-08-03)</span> (aged 56)<br /><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (1953–1976)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Cui Gendi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3 (2 sons and 1 daughter)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/43px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">People's Liberation Army Ground Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1950-1956</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:王">王</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B4%AA#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:洪">洪</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%87#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:文">文</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Wáng Hóngwén</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Wang<sup>2</sup> Hung<sup>2</sup>-wen<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[wǎŋ xʊ̌ŋwə̌n]</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Wang_(surname)" title="Wang (surname)">Wang</a></i>.</div> <p><b>Wang Hongwen</b> (December 1935 – 3 August 1992) was a Chinese labour activist and politician who was the youngest member of the "<a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a>". He rose to prominence during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> (1966–1976), after organizing the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_People%27s_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai People's Commune">Shanghai People's Commune</a>, to become one of the foremost members of national leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP). </p><p>At the pinnacle of his power he was the second <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Vice Chairman of the CCP</a>, and ranked third in the Communist Party's <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in China">hierarchy</a>. Following Mao's death in 1976, Wang was deposed in an intra-party coup, arrested and charged with "counterrevolutionary activity", then sentenced to life imprisonment in 1981. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wang was born in a village in the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> province.<sup id="cite_ref-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1950 he joined the army and, in 1951, he took part in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> as a messenger in the communication department and by playing the horn.<sup id="cite_ref-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1953. After the war, he was sent to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> to work in Shanghai No. 17 Cotton Textile Mill as a machine operator and in 1960 he moved to the factory security department for militia work, where he later was placed in charge as a security cadre for all militia work on the factory.<sup id="cite_ref-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12 June 1966, he opposed the factory authorities by posting a <a href="/wiki/Big-character_poster" title="Big-character poster">Big-character poster</a> where he, and other signatories, accused them of practicing revisionism. Despite at first being admonished for this, he got the blessing of the Cultural Revolution work team dispatched to the factory. This first work team was replaced by a team sent by the Shanghai Provincial Committee which did not support Wang Hongwen's attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> </p><p>In October he put up a second poster attacking this work team and founded a rebel group named "Warriors Sworn to the Death to Carry Through with the Cultural Revolution to the End." Then, he went with fifteen of his followers to Beijing and in his return won the admiration of other rebels of Shanghai. This catapulted him as the leader of the Shanghai Workers Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters that was founded in November.<sup id="cite_ref-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> </p><p>Later, through this position he met <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a> and became involved in a <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Guards (China)">Red Guards</a> group. He organized the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_People%27s_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai People's Commune">Shanghai Commune</a> in January 1967, and was catapulted to national prominence as a daring rebel leader.<sup id="cite_ref-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 46–47">: 46–47 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_to_power">Rise to power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rise to power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/9th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, Wang was elected a member of the Central Committee. Following the <a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao_incident" title="Lin Biao incident">Lin Biao incident</a>, Wang was put in charge of the investigation into the case in the Shanghai area, reporting directly to Mao. At the 10th National Congress of the CCP in 1973, Wang, at the age of 38, was elevated to second ranking <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP vice chairman</a>, and the third-ranking member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee</a> (PSC), just behind Chairman <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> and Premier <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wang was one of the youngest members of the PSC in the post-revolution Communist Party, having joined the body aged 37. He was the same age as some PSC members who took office even after the turn of the century, such as <a href="/wiki/Luo_Gan" title="Luo Gan">Luo Gan</a> (served on the PSC between 2002 and 2007), who was also born in 1935. All signs pointed to Wang being trained as Mao's successor. However, Wang Hongwen was being sidelined by Mao Zedong in 1974 after Mao criticised Wang for the gang of four. Instead, <a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a>, a more moderate figure, was chosen to succeed Zhou instead. Between 1974 and early 1976, Mao transferred much power to <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>, giving Deng the power to run daily affairs of the party, the State Council and the military, and Wang Hongwen complained about this move.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downfall_and_death">Downfall and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Downfall and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wang was an important player during and after the death of Mao, and served as the masters of ceremonies for his funeral service on national radio on 18 September 1976. After the death of Mao Zedong, Wang Hongwen became the second highest ranking official in the CPC, only behind Hua Guofeng. On October 6, 1976, Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying pretended to hold a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Zhongnanhai" title="Zhongnanhai">Zhongnanhai</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Huairen_Hall" title="Huairen Hall">Huairen Hall</a> to discuss the fifth volume of <i>Mao Zedong's Selected Works</i>, and informed the members of the Gang of Four to come and discuss.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Wang arrived, his personal guards were asked to stay outside the courtyard, and when several agents from the Central Security Bureau restrained him in the corridor, he shouted, "I'm here for the meeting, what are you doing?" while punching and kicking the agents.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wang came to the hall with his arms restrained, and Hua began to read out the "decision" of the CCP Central Committee to him, but unexpectedly during the reading Wang broke away from the agents and shouted and lunged at Ye Jianying, who was present, but was subdued again before he could reach him.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_C.Y._Hsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Immanuel C.Y. Hsu">Immanuel C.Y. Hsü</a>, the coup was not completely bloodless – Wang killed two of the agents trying to capture him, and was wounded himself before being subdued.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was tried and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_Hongwen_Dies_in_Beijing_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_Hongwen_Dies_in_Beijing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died of <a href="/wiki/Liver_cancer" title="Liver cancer">liver cancer</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> hospital on 3 August 1992, at the age of 56.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wang_Hongwen_Dies_in_Beijing_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_Hongwen_Dies_in_Beijing-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_A_to_Z_of_the_Chinese_Cultural_Revolution_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJianSongZhou2009" class="citation book cs1">Jian, Guo; Song, Yongyi; Zhou, Yuan (2009). <i>The A to Z of the Chinese Cultural Revolution</i>. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">308–</span>309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810868700" title="Special:BookSources/9780810868700"><bdi>9780810868700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E308-%3C%2Fspan%3E309&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780810868700&rft.aulast=Jian&rft.aufirst=Guo&rft.au=Song%2C+Yongyi&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Yuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWang+Hongwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Proletarian_Power_Shanghai_In_The_Cultural_Revolution_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerryXun1997" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Elizabeth; Xun, Li (1997). <i>Proletarian Power Shanghai In The Cultural Revolution</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429498008" title="Special:BookSources/9780429498008"><bdi>9780429498008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proletarian+Power+Shanghai+In+The+Cultural+Revolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780429498008&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Xun%2C+Li&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWang+Hongwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2016" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Alexander C. (7 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o4YHDgAAQBAJ"><i>The Cultural Revolution on Trial: Mao and the Gang of Four</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-78509-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-78509-6"><bdi>978-1-316-78509-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cultural+Revolution+on+Trial%3A+Mao+and+the+Gang+of+Four&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft.isbn=978-1-316-78509-6&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Alexander+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do4YHDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWang+Hongwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-08-11/012230662353.shtml">"揭秘四人帮被抓过程:王洪文大吼猛扑叶剑英"</a> [Reveal the secrets of the Gang of Four's capture process: Wang Hongwen yelled and pounced on Ye Jianying]. <i><a href="/wiki/Sina_Corporation" title="Sina Corporation">Sina Culture</a></i> (in Simplified Chinese). Haiwai Net. 9 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811042838/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-08-11/012230662353.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>王洪文有一点挣扎，当行动组的几个卫士在走廊里把他扭住的时候，王洪文一边大声说 "我是来开会的，你们要干什么？"一边拳打脚踢，拼命进行反抗。但是王洪文很快就被行动小组制服了，被扭着双臂押到大厅里。</q> [Wang Hongwen struggled a little, and when a few guards from the action group restrained him in the corridor, Wang Hongwen shouted "I'm here for a meeting, what are you doing?", with resisting desperately, punching and kicking the guards. But Wang was soon subdued by the action team and escorted to the hall with his arms restrained.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sina+Culture&rft.atitle=%E6%8F%AD%E7%A7%98%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%E8%A2%AB%E6%8A%93%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%3A%E7%8E%8B%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%BC%E7%8C%9B%E6%89%91%E5%8F%B6%E5%89%91%E8%8B%B1&rft.date=2015-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2014-08-11%2F012230662353.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWang+Hongwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguoxiandaishi/200911/1105_7179_1421142_2.shtml">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"四人帮"被捕：江青很平静王洪文反抗最激烈"</a> [The "Gang of Four" arrested: Jiang Qing is very calm Wang Hongwen resistance is the most fierce]. <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Television" title="Phoenix Television">Phoenix Web</a></i> (in Simplified Chinese). 5 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923052749/https://news.ifeng.com/history/zhongguoxiandaishi/200911/1105_7179_1421142_2.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>还未等华国锋念完，王洪文乘机挣脱开卫士的手，大吼一声，如同一头发怒的恶狼一样，张开双臂，向着不远处的叶剑英扑去。叶剑英到底是经过风雨的老帅，显得很镇静，坐在那里一动不动。几名卫士冲了过去，用力将他扑倒，然后死死地摁住，并给他戴上了手铐，连拖带架地将王洪文带出大厅，然后拉进了早已停在外面的汽车里。</q> [Before Hua Guofeng finished reading, Wang Hongwen took the opportunity to break away from the guard's hand, roared, like a furious wolf, opened his arms and pounced on Ye Jianying, who was not far away. Ye was an old marshal who had gone through many storms and looked very calm, sitting there motionless. Several guards rushed over and pounced on Wang, then held him down and handcuffed him, dragged him out of the hall and pulled him into the car parked outside.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phoenix+Web&rft.atitle=%22%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE%22%E8%A2%AB%E6%8D%95%EF%BC%9A%E6%B1%9F%E9%9D%92%E5%BE%88%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%99+%E7%8E%8B%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%87%E5%8F%8D%E6%8A%97%E6%9C%80%E6%BF%80%E7%83%88&rft.date=2009-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ifeng.com%2Fhistory%2Fzhongguoxiandaishi%2F200911%2F1105_7179_1421142_2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWang+Hongwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsü1990" class="citation cs2">Hsü, Immanuel Chung-yueh (1990), <i>China Without Mao: the Search for a New Order</i>, Oxford University Press, p. 18, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19536-303-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19536-303-5"><bdi>0-19536-303-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Without+Mao%3A+the+Search+for+a+New+Order&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-19536-303-5&rft.aulast=Hs%C3%BC&rft.aufirst=Immanuel+Chung-yueh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWang+Hongwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wang_Hongwen_Dies_in_Beijing-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wang_Hongwen_Dies_in_Beijing_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wang_Hongwen_Dies_in_Beijing_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristof1992" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kristof" title="Nicholas Kristof">Kristof, Nicholas</a> (5 August 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/05/world/wang-hongwen-dies-in-beijing-a-member-of-the-gang-of-four.html">"Wang Hongwen Dies in Beijing; A Member of the 'Gang of Four'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wang+Hongwen+Dies+in+Beijing%3B+A+Member+of+the+%27Gang+of+Four%27&rft.date=1992-08-05&rft.aulast=Kristof&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F08%2F05%2Fworld%2Fwang-hongwen-dies-in-beijing-a-member-of-the-gang-of-four.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWang+Hongwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Watts" title="Jonathan Watts">Watts, Jonathan</a> (7 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/07/china.jonathanwatts">"Last member of China's Gang of Four dies at 74"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">the Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Last+member+of+China%27s+Gang+of+Four+dies+at+74&rft.date=2006-01-07&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2006%2Fjan%2F07%2Fchina.jonathanwatts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWang+Hongwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/wang-hongwen/index.htm">Wang Hongwen Archive at the Marxist Internet Archive.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(1973–1977)1158" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template talk:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(1973–1977)1158" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (1973–1977)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/10th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a><br />(PSC)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">before Oct 1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Chairman</a>, died Sep 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Vice-Chairman</a>, died Jan 1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wang Hongwen</a> (Vice-Chairman, arrested Oct 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a> (Vice-Chairman, died Dec 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a> (Vice-Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Desheng" title="Li Desheng">Li Desheng</a> (Vice-Chairman, resigned Jan 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a> (died Jul 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a> (arrested Oct 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Biwu" title="Dong Biwu">Dong Biwu</a> (died Apr 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (added Jan 1975, Vice-Chairman; dismissed Apr 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> (added Apr 1976, Vice-Chairman)</li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">after Oct 1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Chairman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a> (Vice-Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (Vice-Chairman, reinstated Jul 1977)</li></ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members<br /><small><i>in <a href="/wiki/Surname_stroke_order" title="Surname stroke order">surname stroke order</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Guoqing" title="Wei Guoqing">Wei Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bocheng" title="Liu Bocheng">Liu Bocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a> (arrested Oct 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Shiyou" title="Xu Shiyou">Xu Shiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a> (to PSC Apr 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Dengkui" title="Ji Dengkui">Ji Dengkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_De" title="Wu De">Wu De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongxing" title="Wang Dongxing">Wang Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yonggui" title="Chen Yonggui">Chen Yonggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xilian" title="Chen Xilian">Chen Xilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a> (arrested Oct 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (added Dec 1973, to PSC Jan 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Desheng" title="Li Desheng">Li Desheng</a> (from PSC Jan 1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Guixian" title="Wu Guixian">Wu Guixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Zhenhua" title="Su Zhenhua">Su Zhenhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_Zhifu" title="Ni Zhifu">Ni Zhifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifuddin_Azizi" title="Saifuddin Azizi">Saifuddin Azizi</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cultural_Revolution220" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cultural_Revolution" title="Template:Cultural Revolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cultural_Revolution" title="Template talk:Cultural Revolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cultural_Revolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cultural Revolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cultural_Revolution220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Rightist_Campaign" title="Anti-Rightist Campaign">Anti-Rightist Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_Conference" title="Lushan Conference">Lushan Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Thousand_Cadres_Conference" title="Seven Thousand Cadres Conference">Seven Thousand Cadres Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Education_Movement" title="Socialist Education Movement">Socialist Education Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_Experience" title="Taoyuan Experience">Taoyuan Experience</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_to_the_Countryside_Movement" title="Down to the Countryside Movement">Down to the Countryside Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleansing_the_Class_Ranks" title="Cleansing the Class Ranks">Cleansing the Class Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Storm" title="January Storm">January Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Countercurrent" title="February Countercurrent">February Countercurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_incident" title="Wuhan incident">Wuhan incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashing_gong-jian-fa" title="Smashing gong-jian-fa">Smashing gong-jian-fa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">9th Party Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Strike-Three_Anti_Campaign" title="One Strike-Three Anti Campaign">One Strike-Three Anti Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_571" title="Project 571">Project 571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao_incident" title="Lin Biao incident">Lin Biao incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">10th Party Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Painting_incident" title="Black Painting incident">Black Painting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticize_Lin,_Criticize_Confucius" title="Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius">Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snail_Incident" title="Snail Incident">Snail Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_incident" title="Hangzhou incident">Hangzhou incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Banqiao_Dam_failure" title="1975 Banqiao Dam failure">1975 Banqiao Dam failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterattack_the_Right-Deviationist_Reversal-of-Verdicts_Trend" title="Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend">Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Incident_(1976)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Incident (1976)">1976 Nanjing incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Tiananmen_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Tiananmen Incident">1976 Tiananmen Incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massacres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_August" title="Red August">Red August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daxing_Massacre" title="Daxing Massacre">Daxing Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi_Massacre" title="Guangxi Massacre">Guangxi Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_incident" title="Inner Mongolia incident">Inner Mongolia incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Cultural_Revolution_Massacre" title="Guangdong Cultural Revolution Massacre">Guangdong Massacre</a></li> <li>Hunan Massacres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daoxian_massacre" title="Daoxian massacre">Daoxian massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang_County_Massacre" title="Shaoyang County Massacre">Shaoyang County Massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>Yunnan Massacres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Jianmin_spy_case" title="Zhao Jianmin spy case">Zhao Jianmin spy case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadian_incident" title="Shadian incident">Shadian incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin_Massacre" title="Ruijin Massacre">Ruijin Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai_223_Incident" title="Qinghai 223 Incident">Qinghai 223 Incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shaoqi" title="Liu Shaoqi">Liu Shaoqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wang Hongwen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Han_(historian)" title="Wu Han (historian)">Wu Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Zhen" title="Peng Zhen">Peng Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Boda" title="Chen Boda">Chen Boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dongxing" title="Wang Dongxing">Wang Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fuzhi" title="Xie Fuzhi">Xie Fuzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Dengkui" title="Ji Dengkui">Ji Dengkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Li_(politician)" title="Wang Li (politician)">Wang Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Benyu" title="Qi Benyu">Qi Benyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Faxian" title="Wu Faxian">Wu Faxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Huizuo" title="Qiu Huizuo">Qiu Huizuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chengwu" title="Yang Chengwu">Yang Chengwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zaidao" title="Chen Zaidao">Chen Zaidao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Yuanxin" title="Mao Yuanxin">Mao Yuanxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Jianying" title="Ye Jianying">Ye Jianying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_List_of_Cadres_to_Be_Protected" title="A List of Cadres to Be Protected">A List of Cadres to Be Protected</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bombard_the_Headquarters" title="Bombard the Headquarters">Bombard the Headquarters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao_Tse-tung" title="Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung">Quotations from Chairman Mao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hai_Rui_Dismissed_from_Office" title="Hai Rui Dismissed from Office">Hai Rui Dismissed from Office</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/May_16_Notification" class="mw-redirect" title="May 16 Notification">May 16 Notification</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Articles_of_Public_Security" title="Six Articles of Public Security">Six Articles of Public Security</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweep_Away_All_Cow_Demons_and_Snake_Spirits" title="Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits">Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Class_Origins" title="On Class Origins">On Class Origins</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/With_you_in_charge,_I%27m_at_ease" title="With you in charge, I'm at ease">With you in charge, I'm at ease</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newborn_socialist_things" title="Newborn socialist things">Newborn socialist things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_session" title="Struggle session">Struggle session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fascism" title="Feudal fascism">Feudal fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-character_poster" title="Big-character poster">Big-character poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_demons_and_snake_spirits" title="Cow demons and snake spirits">Cow demons and snake spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodline_theory" title="Bloodline theory">Bloodline theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_Revolution_Theory" title="Continuous Revolution Theory">Continuous Revolution Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seizure_of_power_(Cultural_Revolution)" title="Seizure of power (Cultural Revolution)">Seizure of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Violent struggle">Violent Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Divides_into_Two" title="One Divides into Two">One Divides into Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Wall" title="Democracy Wall">Democracy Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_opera" title="Revolutionary opera">Eight model plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_dance" title="Loyalty dance">Loyalty dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_roader" title="Capitalist roader">Capitalist roader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiku_sitian" title="Yiku sitian">Yiku sitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learn_from_Daqing_in_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Learn from Daqing in industry">Learn from Daqing in industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learn_from_Dazhai_in_agriculture" title="Learn from Dazhai in agriculture">Learn from Dazhai in agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinking_Old_Ninth" title="Stinking Old Ninth">Stinking Old Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Black_Categories" title="Five Black Categories">Five Black Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Red_Categories" title="Five Red Categories">Five Red Categories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Faction_(Cultural_Revolution)" title="Conservative Faction (Cultural Revolution)">Conservative Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Guards" title="Little Red Guards">Little Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Faction_(Cultural_Revolution)" title="Rebel Faction (Cultural Revolution)">Rebel Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Guards" title="Scarlet Guards">Scarlet Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism_in_China" title="Left communism in China">Ultra-Left Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyao_Faction" title="Xiaoyao Faction">Xiaoyao Faction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Sixteenth_elements" title="May Sixteenth elements">May Sixteenth elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Man_Group" title="Five Man Group">Five Man Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution_Group" title="Cultural Revolution Group">Cultural Revolution Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Case_Examination_Group" title="Central Case Examination Group">Central Case Examination Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Organization_and_Propaganda_Leading_Group" title="Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group">Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengwulian" title="Shengwulian">Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_committee_(China)" title="Revolutionary committee (China)">Revolutionary committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang_Revolutionary_Committee" title="Heilongjiang Revolutionary Committee">in Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Revolutionary_Committee" title="Shanghai Revolutionary Committee">in Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61889_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="61889 Regiment">8341 Special Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sent-down_youth" title="Sent-down youth">Sent-down youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61_Renegades" title="61 Renegades">61 Renegades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barefoot_doctor" title="Barefoot doctor">Barefoot doctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker-Peasant-Soldier_student" title="Worker-Peasant-Soldier student">Worker-Peasant-Soldier student</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Seventh_Cadre_School" title="May Seventh Cadre School">May Seventh Cadre School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_River_Storm_and_Thunder" title="Xiang River Storm and Thunder">Xiang River Storm and Thunder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Mao Zedong's cult of personality">Mao Zedong's cult of personality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mango_cult" title="Mango cult">Mango cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_campaigns_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party">List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Whatevers" title="Two Whatevers">Two Whatevers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_Sun_(film)" title="Morning Sun (film)">Morning Sun (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_plenary_session_of_the_11th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="3rd plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boluan_Fanzheng" title="Boluan Fanzheng">Boluan Fanzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Enlightenment_(China)" title="New Enlightenment (China)">New Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scar_literature" title="Scar literature">Scar literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_Revolution" title="Category:Cultural Revolution">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455583#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1293" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455583#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1293" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455583#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114895659">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/30884715">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1717688/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmp9wc3Q7QbKkj3PCrDv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129406805">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82090286">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36612317">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p188306013">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007444342505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1328650">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/175225583">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&oldid=1265590333">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&oldid=1265590333</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1935_births" title="Category:1935 births">1935 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1992_deaths" title="Category:1992 deaths">1992 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Changchun" title="Category:Politicians from Changchun">Politicians from Changchun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Cultural_Revolution" title="Category:People of the Cultural Revolution">People of the Cultural Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_Communist_Party_politicians_from_Jilin" title="Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jilin">Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jilin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gang_of_Four" title="Category:Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_10th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Category:Members of the 10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Members of the 10th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-revisionists" title="Category:Anti-revisionists">Anti-revisionists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Expelled_members_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Category:Expelled members of the Chinese Communist Party">Expelled members of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="Category:Chinese politicians convicted of crimes">Chinese politicians convicted of crimes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_prisoners_sentenced_to_life_imprisonment" title="Category:Chinese prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment">Chinese prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_liver_cancer" title="Category:Deaths from liver cancer">Deaths from liver cancer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_Marxists" title="Category:Chinese Marxists">Chinese Marxists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People%27s_Republic_of_China_politicians_from_Jilin" title="Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Jilin">People's Republic of China politicians from Jilin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_cancer_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Deaths from cancer in the People's Republic of China">Deaths from cancer in the People's Republic of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_military_personnel_of_the_Korean_War" title="Category:Chinese military personnel of the Korean War">Chinese military personnel of the Korean War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_people_who_died_in_prison_custody" title="Category:Chinese people who died in prison custody">Chinese people who died in prison custody</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_sentenced_to_life_imprisonment_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the People's Republic of China">Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the People's Republic of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_who_died_in_Chinese_detention" title="Category:Prisoners who died in Chinese detention">Prisoners who died in Chinese detention</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inmates_of_Qincheng_Prison" title="Category:Inmates of Qincheng Prison">Inmates of Qincheng Prison</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Simplified_Chinese-language_sources_(zh-hans)" title="Category:CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)">CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2022">Use dmy dates from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 December 2024, at 17:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wang_Hongwen&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wang Hongwen</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>21 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6ff899887-4t62c","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.837","walltime":"1.111","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11089,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":96004,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6683,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":62360,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1021.466 1 -total"," 55.10% 562.857 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 19.99% 204.175 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese"," 13.10% 133.762 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.89% 111.244 1 Template:Country2nationality"," 10.88% 111.162 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 8.85% 90.440 3 Template:Navbox"," 8.11% 82.849 3 Template:Cite_book"," 7.95% 81.207 1 Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China"," 7.31% 74.706 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.499","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19079245,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-4phz7","timestamp":"20250219124045","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Wang Hongwen","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Hongwen","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q455583","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q455583","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-12-14T00:01:02Z","dateModified":"2024-12-27T17:34:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c0\/Wanghongwen.jpg","headline":"Chinese politician and activist (1935\u20131992)"}</script> </body> </html>