CINXE.COM

Technology Partnerships Office | NIST

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/tpo","20231128043210","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1701145930"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.248.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,n={234:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{P_:()=>h,Mt:()=>m,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>w,OP:()=>j,lF:()=>R,Yu:()=>_,Dg:()=>v,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>A,sU:()=>T});var r=n(8632),i=n(9567);const a={beacon:r.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:r.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},o={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!o[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return o[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");o[e]=(0,i.D)(t,a);const n=(0,r.ek)(e);n&&(n.info=o[e])}const u=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var d=n(7056),l=n(50);const f=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{feature_flags:[],proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:d.oD,inactiveMs:d.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1,autoStart:!0},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampling_rate:50,error_sampling_rate:50,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,inline_stylesheet:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){u(t)?e.mask_selector=t+",[data-nr-mask]":null===t?e.mask_selector=t:(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.mask_selector was provided and will not be used",t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){u(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.block_selector was provided and will not be used",t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,l.Z)("An invalid session_replay.mask_input_option was provided and will not be used",t)}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0}}},g={},p="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(p);if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);g[e]=(0,i.D)(t,f());const n=(0,r.ek)(e);n&&(n.init=g[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);var n=h(e);if(n){for(var r=t.split("."),i=0;i<r.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(n=n[r[i]]))return;n=n[r[r.length-1]]}return n}const b={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},y={};function w(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!y[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return y[e]}function A(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");y[e]=(0,i.D)(t,b);const n=(0,r.ek)(e);n&&(n.loader_config=y[e])}const _=(0,r.mF)().o;var x=n(385),D=n(6818);const k={buildEnv:D.Re,customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,distMethod:D.gF,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:Math.floor(x._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||x._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now()),onerror:void 0,origin:""+x._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},session:void 0,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof x._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,version:D.q4,denyList:void 0},E={};function j(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!E[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return E[e]}function T(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");E[e]=(0,i.D)(t,k);const n=(0,r.ek)(e);n&&(n.runtime=E[e])}function R(e){return function(e){try{const t=s(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},9567:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{D:()=>i});var r=n(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,r.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,r.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const n=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),a=0===Object.keys(n).length?e:n;for(let o in a)if(void 0!==e[o])try{Array.isArray(e[o])&&Array.isArray(t[o])?n[o]=Array.from(new Set([...e[o],...t[o]])):"object"==typeof e[o]&&"object"==typeof t[o]?n[o]=i(e[o],t[o]):n[o]=e[o]}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return n}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>a,q4:()=>r});const r="1.248.0",i="PROD",a="CDN"},385:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{Nk:()=>d,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>a,cv:()=>l,iS:()=>o,il:()=>r,ux:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>u});const r="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=r?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),o=(a?.document?.readyState,Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState)),s=(a?.location,/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent)),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Boolean(r&&window.document.documentMode)),d=!!a.navigator?.sendBeacon,l=Math.floor(a?.performance?.timeOrigin||a?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart||Date.now())},1117:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{w:()=>a});var r=n(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class a{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,r.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=n)}))}catch(e){(0,r.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var r=n(8325),i=n(1284),a=n(4322),o=n(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const n={staged:!1,priority:o.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,n)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return o(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const n=[...s[e]];function o(t){const n=e?r.ee.get(e):r.ee,o=a.X.handlers;if(n.backlog&&o){var s=n.backlog[t],c=o[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)l(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,n){n[0].on(e,n[1])}))}))}delete o[t],n.backlog[t]=null,n.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}n.every((e=>{let[t,n]=e;return n.staged}))&&(n.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),n.forEach((t=>{let[n]=t;s[e].delete(n),o(n)})))}function l(e,t){var n=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[n],(function(t,n){var r=e[0];if(n[0]===r){var i=n[1],a=e[3],o=e[2];i.apply(a,o)}}))}},8325:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{A:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var r=n(8632),i=n(2210),a=n(234);class o{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}var s=n(3117);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.a),u=function e(t,n){var r={},s={},d={},f=!1;try{f=16===n.length&&(0,a.OP)(n).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var g={on:h,addEventListener:h,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var n=r[e];if(!n)return;for(var i=0;i<n.length;i++)n[i]===t&&n.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,n,r,i,a){!1!==a&&(a=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&a&&t.emit(e,n,r);for(var o=p(r),c=v(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(o,n);var f=b()[s[e]];f&&f.push([g,e,n,o]);return o},get:m,listeners:v,context:p,buffer:function(e,t){const n=b();if(t=t||"feature",g.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((e=>{let[r,i]=e;s[i]=t,t in n||(n[t]=[])}))},abort:l,aborted:!1,isBuffering:function(e){return!!b()[s[e]]},debugId:n,backlog:f?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return g;function p(e){return e&&e instanceof o?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,c,(()=>new o(c))):new o(c)}function h(e,t){r[e]=v(e).concat(t)}function v(e){return r[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(g,t)}function b(){return g.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,r.fP)();function l(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}d.ee||(d.ee=u)},5546:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{E:()=>r,p:()=>i});var r=n(8325).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,n,i,a){a?(a.buffer([e],i),a.emit(e,t,n)):(r.buffer([e],i),r.emit(e,t,n))}},4322:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{X:()=>a});var r=n(5546);a.on=o;var i=a.handlers={};function a(e,t,n,a){o(a||r.E,i,e,t,n)}function o(e,t,n,i,a){a||(a="feature"),e||(e=r.E);var o=t[a]=t[a]||{};(o[n]=o[n]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>o});var r=n(385);let i=!1,a=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return a=!0,!1}};r._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),r._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function o(e,t){return i||a?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,o(n,r))}function c(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,o(n,r))}},3117:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{a:()=>r});const r=(0,n(4402).Rl)()},4402:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{Rl:()=>o,ky:()=>s});var r=n(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function a(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function o(){const e=r._A?.crypto||r._A?.msCrypto;let t,n=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?a(t,++n).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&a()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=r._A?.crypto||r._A?.msCrypto;let n,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(n=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const o=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)o.push(a(n,++i).toString(16));return o.join("")}},7056:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{Bq:()=>r,Hb:()=>a,oD:()=>i});const r="NRBA",i=144e5,a=18e5},7894:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";function r(){return Math.round(performance.now())}n.d(t,{z:()=>r})},50:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";function r(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}n.d(t,{Z:()=>r})},2825:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{N:()=>d,T:()=>l});var r=n(8325),i=n(5546),a=n(3325),o=n(385);const s="newrelic";const c={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]},u=new Set;function d(e,t){const n=r.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(u.has(t)||(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;c[t]?c[t].forEach((e=>{r?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,n):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,n),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(r)],void 0,e,n)})):r&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,n),l[t]=Boolean(r)})),Object.keys(c).forEach((e=>{void 0===l[e]&&(c[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,n))),l[e]=!1)})),u.add(t),function(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};try{o._A.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(s,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}const l={}},2210:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{X:()=>i});var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,n){if(r.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{D:()=>r});const r=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[n,r]=e;return t(n,r)}))},4351:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{P:()=>a});var r=n(8325);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,n)=>{if("object"==typeof n&&null!==n){if(e.has(n))return;e.add(n)}return n}};function a(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{r.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{KB:()=>o,b2:()=>a});var r=n(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function a(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,r.bP)("load",e,t)}function o(e){if(i())return e();(0,r.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{EZ:()=>d,ce:()=>a,ek:()=>u,fP:()=>o,gG:()=>l,h5:()=>c,mF:()=>s});var r=n(7894),i=n(385);const a={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function o(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=o();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t){let n=o();n.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,r.z)(),date:new Date},n.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=o();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){o()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=o();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:a.beacon,errorBeacon:a.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=o();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=o();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),o()}},7956:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{N:()=>i});var r=n(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;(0,r.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),n,i)}},3081:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{gF:()=>a,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>r,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>o});const r=n(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",a="cm",o="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},7633:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{t:()=>r});const r=n(3325).D.pageViewEvent},9251:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{t:()=>r});const r=n(3325).D.pageViewTiming},5938:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{W:()=>i});var r=n(8325);class i{constructor(e,t,n){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=r.ee.get(e),this.featureName=n,this.blocked=!1}}},7530:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{j:()=>b});var r=n(3325),i=n(234),a=n(5546),o=n(8325),s=n(7894),c=n(8e3),u=n(3960),d=n(385),l=n(50),f=n(3081),g=n(8632);function p(){const e=(0,g.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start","recordReplay","pauseReplay"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n),i=0;i<n;i++)r[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),i=1;i<n;i++)r[i-1]=arguments[i];let a=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&a.push(e.api[t](...r))})),a.length>1?a:a[0]}(t,...r)}}))}var h=n(2825);const v=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",n.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let m=!1;function b(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},b=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,y=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:w,info:A,loader_config:_,runtime:x={loaderType:b},exposed:D=!0}=t;const k=(0,g.gG)();A||(w=k.init,A=k.info,_=k.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e.agentIdentifier,w||{}),(0,i.GE)(e.agentIdentifier,_||{}),A.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(A.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e.agentIdentifier,A);const E=(0,i.P_)(e.agentIdentifier),j=[A.beacon,A.errorBeacon];m||(E.proxy.assets&&(v(E.proxy.assets),j.push(E.proxy.assets)),E.proxy.beacon&&j.push(E.proxy.beacon),p(),(0,g.EZ)("activatedFeatures",h.T)),x.denyList=[...E.ajax.deny_list||[],...E.ajax.block_internal?j:[]],(0,i.sU)(e.agentIdentifier,x),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const g={};var p=o.ee.get(e),h=p.get("tracer"),v="api-",m=v+"ixn-";function b(t,n,r,a){const o=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===n?delete o.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...o,jsAttributes:{...o.jsAttributes,[t]:n}}),A(v,r,!0,a||null===n?"session":void 0)(t,n)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"].forEach((e=>{g[e]=A(v,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=A(v,"addPageAction",!0,r.D.pageAction),g.setCurrentRouteName=A(v,"routeName",!0,r.D.spa),g.setPageViewName=function(t,n){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(n||"https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/http://custom.transaction")+t,A(v,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",n);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string, number or boolean type, but a type of <".concat(typeof t,"> was provided."))}else(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of <".concat(typeof e,"> was provided."))},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.Z)("Failed to execute setApplicationVersion. Expected <String | null>, but got <".concat(typeof e,">."))},g.start=e=>{try{const t=e?"defined":"undefined";(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/start/".concat(t,"/called")],void 0,r.D.metrics,p);const n=Object.values(r.D);if(void 0===e)e=n;else{if((e=Array.isArray(e)&&e.length?e:[e]).some((e=>!n.includes(e))))return(0,l.Z)("Invalid feature name supplied. Acceptable feature names are: ".concat(n));e.includes(r.D.pageViewEvent)||e.push(r.D.pageViewEvent)}e.forEach((e=>{p.emit("".concat(e,"-opt-in"))}))}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("An unexpected issue occurred",e)}},g.recordReplay=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,a.p)("recordReplay",[],void 0,r.D.sessionReplay,p)},g.pauseReplay=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,a.p)("pauseReplay",[],void 0,r.D.sessionReplay,p)},g.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var n={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,a.p)(m+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,n],i,r.D.spa,p),function(){if(h.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,o],n),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw h.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],n),e}finally{h.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],n)}}}};function A(e,t,n,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],n?null:this,i,p),n?void 0:this}}function _(){n.e(75).then(n.bind(n,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:n}=t;n(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,l.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=A(m,e,void 0,r.D.spa)})),g.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,a.p)(f.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,r.D.metrics,p),(0,a.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,r.D.jserrors,p)},d.il?(0,u.b2)((()=>_()),!0):_(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,y)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=D),m=!0}},1926:(e,t,n)=>{n.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},3325:(e,t,n)=>{"use strict";n.d(t,{D:()=>r,p:()=>i});const r={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[r.pageViewEvent]:1,[r.pageViewTiming]:2,[r.metrics]:3,[r.jserrors]:4,[r.ajax]:5,[r.sessionTrace]:6,[r.pageAction]:7,[r.spa]:8,[r.sessionReplay]:9}}},r={};function i(e){var t=r[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var a=r[e]={exports:{}};return n[e](a,a.exports,i),a.exports}i.m=n,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var n in t)i.o(t,n)&&!i.o(e,n)&&Object.defineProperty(e,n,{enumerable:!0,get:t[n]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,n)=>(i.f[n](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.248.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.248.0.PROD:",i.l=(n,r,a,o)=>{if(e[n])e[n].push(r);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==a)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==n||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+a){s=l;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+a),s.src=n,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),s.integrity=i.sriHashes[o],s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),e[n]=[r];var f=(t,r)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[n];if(delete e[n],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(r))),t)return t(r)},g=setTimeout(f.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=f.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=f.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",i.sriHashes={75:"sha512-5mWtMwj7hrXT5aUkfvBtjH6FJXsR+zdeMBfc721nzrOx36xa23yTrCB1VVOAQa+zIioAbWPW4m7UsPp7hW1WPw=="},(()=>{var e={50:0,832:0};i.f.j=(t,n)=>{var r=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==r)if(r)n.push(r[2]);else{var a=new Promise(((n,i)=>r=e[t]=[n,i]));n.push(r[2]=a);var o=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(o,(n=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(r=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),r)){var a=n&&("load"===n.type?"missing":n.type),o=n&&n.target&&n.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+a+": "+o+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=a,s.request=o,r[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,n)=>{var r,a,[o,s,c]=n,u=0;if(o.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(r in s)i.o(s,r)&&(i.m[r]=s[r]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(n);u<o.length;u++)a=o[u],i.o(e,a)&&e[a]&&e[a][0](),e[a]=0},n=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.248.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.248.0.PROD"]||[];n.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),n.push=t.bind(null,n.push.bind(n))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(1926);var e=i(50);class t{addPageAction(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addPageAction failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}setPageViewName(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setPageViewName failed. The page view feature is not currently initialized.")}setCustomAttribute(t,n,r){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCustomAttribute failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}noticeError(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api noticeError failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setUserId(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setUserId failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}setApplicationVersion(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setApplicationVersion failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}setErrorHandler(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setErrorHandler failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}finished(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api finished failed. The page action feature is not currently initialized.")}addRelease(t,n){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addRelease failed. The js errors feature is not currently initialized.")}start(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addRelease failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}recordReplay(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api recordReplay failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}pauseReplay(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api pauseReplay failed. The agent is not currently initialized.")}}var n=i(3325),r=i(234);const a=Object.values(n.D);function o(e){const t={};return a.forEach((n=>{t[n]=function(e,t){return!1!==(0,r.Mt)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(n,e)})),t}var s=i(7530);var c=i(8e3),u=i(5938),d=i(3960),l=i(385);class f extends u.W{constructor(e,t,n){let i=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,n),this.auto=i,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"".concat(this.featureName,".autoStart"))&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto&&(0,c.R)(e,n)}importAggregator(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate)return;if(!this.auto)return void this.ee.on("".concat(this.featureName,"-opt-in"),(()=>{(0,c.R)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator()}));const n=l.il&&!0===(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let a;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{a=e}));const o=async()=>{let r;try{if(n){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(75).then(i.bind(i,3228));r=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",t)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,r))return(0,c.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void a(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(75).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:n}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new n(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,t),a(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,c.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),a(!1)}};l.il?(0,d.b2)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(e,t){return e!==n.D.sessionReplay||!!r.Yu.MO&&(!1!==(0,r.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!t?.isNew||!!t?.state.sessionReplayMode))}}var g=i(7633);class p extends f{static featureName=g.t;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,g.t,n),this.importAggregator()}}var h=i(1117),v=i(1284);class m extends h.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,n,r,i){var a=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);return a.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,v.D)(e,(function(e,n){t[e]=b(n,t[e])})),t}(r,a.metrics),a}merge(e,t,n,r,i){var a=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);if(a.metrics){var o=a.metrics;o.count+=n.count,(0,v.D)(n,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var r=o[e],i=n[e];i&&!i.c?o[e]=b(i.t,r):o[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=y(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,o[e])}}))}else a.metrics=n}storeMetric(e,t,n,r){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,n);return i.stats=b(r,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,n,r){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:n||{}},r&&(i.custom=r)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},n="",r=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[n=e[i]]=w(this.aggregatedData[n]),t[n].length&&(r=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[n];return r?t:null}}function b(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=y(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function y(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function w(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,v.D)(e,A)}function A(e,t){return t}var _=i(8632),x=i(4402),D=i(4351);var k=i(5546),E=i(7956),j=i(3239),T=i(7894),R=i(9251);class S extends f{static featureName=R.t;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,R.t,n),l.il&&((0,E.N)((()=>(0,k.p)("docHidden",[(0,T.z)()],void 0,R.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,j.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,k.p)("winPagehide",[(0,T.z)()],void 0,R.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var I=i(3081);class C extends f{static featureName=I.t9;constructor(e,t){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,I.t9,n),this.importAggregator()}}new class extends t{constructor(t){let n=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,x.ky)(16);super(),l._A?(this.agentIdentifier=n,this.sharedAggregator=new m({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},(0,_.h5)(n,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(p),(0,s.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,r.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,r.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,r.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,r.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}run(){try{const t=o(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>n.p[e.featureName]-n.p[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(t[r.featureName]||r.featureName===n.D.pageViewEvent){const i=function(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.sessionReplay:return[n.D.sessionTrace];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName);i.every((e=>t[e]))||(0,e.Z)("".concat(r.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(i),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}}))}catch(t){(0,e.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const n=(0,_.fP)();return delete n.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete n.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator,n.ee?.abort(),delete n.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}addToTrace(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api addToTrace failed. The session trace feature is not currently initialized.")}setCurrentRouteName(t){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api setCurrentRouteName failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}interaction(){(0,e.Z)("Call to agent api interaction failed. The spa feature is not currently initialized.")}}({features:[p,S,C],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HEQ0YF2VYL"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {'cookie_flags': 'SameSite=None;Secure', 'cookie_domain': 'www.nist.gov'});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"Technology Partnerships Office","node_id":"770001","content_type":"Laboratory\/Organizational Unit"});</script> <meta name="description" content="The Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) serves our NIST customers by leading technology transfer processes that NIST researchers use to develop innovations from concept to practical application."/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/node/770001"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Technology Partnerships Office | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Technology Partnerships Office"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) serves our NIST customers by leading technology transfer processes that NIST researchers use to develop innovations from concept to practical application."/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2014-04-02T12:27-04:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-10-12T13:06-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Technology Partnerships Office"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="The Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) serves our NIST customers by leading technology transfer processes that NIST researchers use to develop innovations from concept to practical application."/> <meta name="dcterms.date" content="2014-04-02T12:27-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/tpo"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="2014-04-02T12:27-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2023-10-12T13:06-04:00"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) serves our NIST customers by leading technology transfer processes that NIST researchers use to develop innovations from concept to practical application."/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Technology Partnerships Office"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/tpo"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2023-10-12T13:06:00-04:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "Technology Partnerships Office | NIST", "description": "The Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) serves our NIST customers by leading technology transfer processes that NIST researchers use to develop innovations from concept to practical application.", "datePublished": "2014-04-02T12:27-04:00", "dateModified": "2023-10-12T13:06-04:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="laboratory_organizational_unit"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>Technology Partnerships Office | NIST</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20231128043210cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_UrPxtosE0KjcGdsozKaHN4oFNt2iqvKL8y6_YMPICS4.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJx1kYGuwyAIRX_IVz_JUMuUzYoTXNe_X9utabPlJYbA4QZu0HNFe703rLPpwd-c8vKKPeXuKv-2yHM2gTkkdJAhzUpe7DcwmURdonwjdRdKitX-IhfgLRRSpLFUfqD9BquZjWnEERcPnHqobuTBDiTQL2vXoUZmURwXr4Kb3obEPaRz_vcZZSPCgHUv3TRNZ_WpXiX41HWBHWorkLpPaQpUCBVKlL1zkK7l0vpEEnEwD8JJ7Ba7xXVLaPzxBx1nj-ZCwUNR4rxf6yBvy3hvkFxEClEPlyP5yuuxXmYwua8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20231128043210cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_6prwlieMvitJqVLptJ59w_NxX2prM0abXhYVoH12prk.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJx1kYGuwyAIRX_IVz_JUMuUzYoTXNe_X9utabPlJYbA4QZu0HNFe703rLPpwd-c8vKKPeXuKv-2yHM2gTkkdJAhzUpe7DcwmURdonwjdRdKitX-IhfgLRRSpLFUfqD9BquZjWnEERcPnHqobuTBDiTQL2vXoUZmURwXr4Kb3obEPaRz_vcZZSPCgHUv3TRNZ_WpXiX41HWBHWorkLpPaQpUCBVKlL1zkK7l0vpEEnEwD8JJ7Ba7xXVLaPzxBx1nj-ZCwUNR4rxf6yBvy3hvkFxEClEPlyP5yuuxXmYwua8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20231128043210cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_6MuKXqcH69mMwmOSjiD2G_c6UXIqUTZ1TRnur95k7Qk.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJx1kYGuwyAIRX_IVz_JUMuUzYoTXNe_X9utabPlJYbA4QZu0HNFe703rLPpwd-c8vKKPeXuKv-2yHM2gTkkdJAhzUpe7DcwmURdonwjdRdKitX-IhfgLRRSpLFUfqD9BquZjWnEERcPnHqobuTBDiTQL2vXoUZmURwXr4Kb3obEPaRz_vcZZSPCgHUv3TRNZ_WpXiX41HWBHWorkLpPaQpUCBVKlL1zkK7l0vpEEnEwD8JJ7Ba7xXVLaPzxBx1nj-ZCwUNR4rxf6yBvy3hvkFxEClEPlyP5yuuxXmYwua8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20231128043210cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_zxDJPMpCfrT8NQEavjogRlrVmShwu9oesPd2F7606bk.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJx1kYGuwyAIRX_IVz_JUMuUzYoTXNe_X9utabPlJYbA4QZu0HNFe703rLPpwd-c8vKKPeXuKv-2yHM2gTkkdJAhzUpe7DcwmURdonwjdRdKitX-IhfgLRRSpLFUfqD9BquZjWnEERcPnHqobuTBDiTQL2vXoUZmURwXr4Kb3obEPaRz_vcZZSPCgHUv3TRNZ_WpXiX41HWBHWorkLpPaQpUCBVKlL1zkK7l0vpEEnEwD8JJ7Ba7xXVLaPzxBx1nj-ZCwUNR4rxf6yBvy3hvkFxEClEPlyP5yuuxXmYwua8"/> <script src="/web/20231128043210js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_3ssAdmvsW-btol8ydZT2eloQN8l11yuGacOobfI1-_0.js?scope=header&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJx1kYGuwyAIRX_IVz_JUMuUzYoTXNe_X9utabPlJYbA4QZu0HNFe703rLPpwd-c8vKKPeXuKv-2yHM2gTkkdJAhzUpe7DcwmURdonwjdRdKitX-IhfgLRRSpLFUfqD9BquZjWnEERcPnHqobuTBDiTQL2vXoUZmURwXr4Kb3obEPaRz_vcZZSPCgHUv3TRNZ_WpXiX41HWBHWorkLpPaQpUCBVKlL1zkK7l0vpEEnEwD8JJ7Ba7xXVLaPzxBx1nj-ZCwUNR4rxf6yBvy3hvkFxEClEPlyP5yuuxXmYwua8"></script> </head> <body class="node-770001"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <!-- nist-index-ignore-start --> <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- nist-index-ignore-end --> <div data-elastic-exclude> <!-- nist-index-ignore-start --> <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/tpo</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs &amp; Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools &amp; Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services &amp; Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link usa-current">License &amp; Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News &amp; Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget &amp; Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header> <!-- nist-index-ignore-end --> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--menu"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title tablet-lg:grid-col-4"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Technology Partnerships Office</h1> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__desc tablet-lg:grid-col-8"> <div class="text-with-summary"> <p>The Technology Partnerships Office (TPO) serves our NIST customers by leading technology transfer processes that NIST researchers use to develop innovations from concept to practical application. TPO structures collaborative relationships between NIST researchers and regional, national, and global partners, fosters entrepreneurship and small business growth, and provides economic analysis to support the process.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-first tablet-lg:grid-col-4 desktop-lg:grid-col-3"> <div> <!-- nist-index-ignore-start --> <div data-elastic-exclude="" class="nist-block"> <nav> <ul class="usa-sidenav usa-accordion "> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo" data-drupal-link-system-path="">About TPO</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-technology-partnerships-off-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-technology-partnerships-off-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo/mission-vision-values" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Mission, Vision, &amp; Values</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo/accomplishments" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Accomplishments</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo/tpo-staff" data-drupal-link-system-path="">TPO Staff</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo/tpo-yearbook" data-drupal-link-system-path="">TPO Yearbook</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo/contact-tpo" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Contact TPO</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/partnering" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Partnering</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-technology-partnerships-off-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-technology-partnerships-off-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/partnering/overview" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Overview</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/partnering/collaborative-agreements" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Collaborative Agreements</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/partnering/licensing-technologies" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Licensing Technologies</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/find-researcher" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Find a Researcher</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/adiis" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Partner Resources</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/policy-coordination" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Policy &amp; Coordination</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-technology-partnerships-off-3"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-technology-partnerships-off-3" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/policy-coordination/lab-market" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Lab-to-Market</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-technology-partnerships-off-3-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-technology-partnerships-off-3-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/lab-market/l2m-target-areas" data-drupal-link-system-path="">L2M Target Areas</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/unleashing-american-innovation" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Return on Investment (ROI) Initiative</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/policy-coordination/bayh-dole-act" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Bayh-Dole Act</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-technology-partnerships-off-3-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-technology-partnerships-off-3-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/policy-coordination/bayh-dole-act/2018-updates" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2018 Updates</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/policy-coordination/bayh-dole-act/2018-faqs" data-drupal-link-system-path="">2018 FAQs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/iedison" data-drupal-link-system-path="">iEdison</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/publications-and-reports" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Publications and Reports</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/small-business-innovation-research-program-sbir" title="2023 SBIR Phase II Appendix A - Cover Sheet" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR)</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <!-- nist-index-ignore-end --> </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-12 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo/accomplishments"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200_wide/public/images/2023/09/07/TPO%20Front%20image_snapshot.jpg.webp?itok=6Te8zw87 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2400_wide/public/images/2023/09/07/TPO%20Front%20image_snapshot.jpg.webp?itok=1Uxbuzv8 2x" media="(min-width: 1200px)" type="image/webp" width="1200" height="406"/> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600_wide/public/images/2023/09/07/TPO%20Front%20image_snapshot.jpg.webp?itok=mnyat7AY 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200_wide/public/images/2023/09/07/TPO%20Front%20image_snapshot.jpg.webp?itok=6Te8zw87 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="203"/> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300_wide/public/images/2023/09/07/TPO%20Front%20image_snapshot.jpg.webp?itok=UAfuzR5n 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600_wide/public/images/2023/09/07/TPO%20Front%20image_snapshot.jpg.webp?itok=mnyat7AY 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="101"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200_wide/public/images/2023/09/07/TPO%20Front%20image_snapshot.jpg.jpg?itok=6Te8zw87" width="1200" height="406" alt="TPO Snapshot Fiscal Year 2022" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo/accomplishments"> <div class="text">TPO’s Annual Highlights for Fiscal Year 2022</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/08/14/Learn%20about%20TPO_0.jpeg.webp?itok=ddwow0fv 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2023/08/14/Learn%20about%20TPO_0.jpeg.webp?itok=Zoz8vUao 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2023/08/14/Learn%20about%20TPO_0.jpeg.webp?itok=3kr6kGEu 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/08/14/Learn%20about%20TPO_0.jpeg.webp?itok=ddwow0fv 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/08/14/Learn%20about%20TPO_0.jpeg.jpg?itok=ddwow0fv" width="600" height="360" alt="Hand holding a lightbulb." typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo"> <div class="text">Learn About TPO</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/partnering"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/08/14/Collaborate%20with%20NIST_0.jpeg.webp?itok=UgXeqXSc 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2023/08/14/Collaborate%20with%20NIST_0.jpeg.webp?itok=NB3hXuGk 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2023/08/14/Collaborate%20with%20NIST_0.jpeg.webp?itok=05X97CvC 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/08/14/Collaborate%20with%20NIST_0.jpeg.webp?itok=UgXeqXSc 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/08/14/Collaborate%20with%20NIST_0.jpeg.jpg?itok=UgXeqXSc" width="600" height="360" alt="Abstract handshake with a cityscape inside of it." typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/partnering"> <div class="text">Partner With Us</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/patents"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/10/10/NIST%20Technologies%20new.jpeg.webp?itok=tGmvKzbo 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2023/10/10/NIST%20Technologies%20new.jpeg.webp?itok=rq3TX9RN 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2023/10/10/NIST%20Technologies%20new.jpeg.webp?itok=P6zRcjHi 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/10/10/NIST%20Technologies%20new.jpeg.webp?itok=tGmvKzbo 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/10/10/NIST%20Technologies%20new.jpeg.jpg?itok=tGmvKzbo" width="600" height="360" alt="Depicting technology" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/patents"> <div class="text">Technologies for Licensing</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/small-business-innovation-research-program-sbir"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/21/SBIR.jpeg.webp?itok=M9gY743M 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2023/09/21/SBIR.jpeg.webp?itok=_HZ4PmwZ 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2023/09/21/SBIR.jpeg.webp?itok=xNFzO8Jr 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/21/SBIR.jpeg.webp?itok=M9gY743M 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/21/SBIR.jpeg.jpg?itok=M9gY743M" width="600" height="360" alt="Scientist hands close-up conducting research" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/small-business-innovation-research-program-sbir"> <div class="text">Small Business Innovation Research Program</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/partnerships/cooperative-research-and-development-agreement-crada"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/21/CRADA.jpeg.webp?itok=xSQ6CWbp 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2023/09/21/CRADA.jpeg.webp?itok=6lIcfKsM 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2023/09/21/CRADA.jpeg.webp?itok=lSPdC0eM 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/21/CRADA.jpeg.webp?itok=xSQ6CWbp 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/21/CRADA.jpeg.jpg?itok=xSQ6CWbp" width="600" height="360" alt="Signing contract in the meeting" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/partnerships/cooperative-research-and-development-agreement-crada"> <div class="text">Cooperative Research and Development Agreements</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/publications-and-reports"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/12/Publications%20and%20Reports.jpeg.webp?itok=eYF6pWlM 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2023/09/12/Publications%20and%20Reports.jpeg.webp?itok=BDDgpfb3 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2023/09/12/Publications%20and%20Reports.jpeg.webp?itok=EcPgUC8f 1x, /web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/12/Publications%20and%20Reports.jpeg.webp?itok=eYF6pWlM 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/09/12/Publications%20and%20Reports.jpeg.jpg?itok=eYF6pWlM" width="600" height="360" alt="Publications and Reports" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/publications-and-reports"> <div class="text">Publications and Reports</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><h2 class="nist-block__title">IMPACT OF TPO</h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="tablet:grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image"><img alt="Cityscape with communication lines above it" height="317" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2023/08/23/Impact%20of%20TPO%202.jpeg?itok=BZ2F3D2p" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> </div> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="tablet:grid-col"> <h4><strong>Each year, TPO leads with innovation and collaboration to help foster relationships between NIST researchers and partners.</strong></h4> <p>View TPO's accomplishments by year:</p> <ul><li> <p><a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2023/09/19/2022 TPO Snapshot.jpg">Fiscal Year 2022</a></p> </li> <li><a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2022/02/07/TPO Snapshot 2021.png">Fiscal Year 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2022/04/05/TPO Snapshot FY20_Edited.png">Fiscal Year 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/2800_x_2800_limit/public/images/2021/04/06/FY19 TPO Snapshot.jpg">Fiscal Year 2019</a></li> </ul><p><sub><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="994a998b-62ae-4790-8c09-b150274301ca" href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/about-tpo/accomplishments" title="Accomplishments"><span>View All Snapshots by Year</span></a></sub></p> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><h2 class="nist-block__title">Patent Spotlights</h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="tablet:grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image" data-link="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2023/08/14/Marketing%20Sheet%20for%20docket%20number%2013-004.pdf"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2023/08/14/Marketing%20Sheet%20for%20docket%20number%2013-004.pdf"><img alt="Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometer" height="480" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2023/09/12/Electron%20Spin%20Resonance%20Spectrometer.jpg?itok=7axKWgOt" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/></a><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> <strong>Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometer</strong> </div> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="tablet:grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image" data-link="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2023/08/14/Marketing%20Sheet%20for%20docket%20number%2017-017.pdf"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2023/08/14/Marketing%20Sheet%20for%20docket%20number%2017-017.pdf"><img alt="Non-Resonant Electron Spin Resonant Probe" height="480" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2023/09/12/Non-Resonant%20Electron%20Spin%20Resonant%20Probe.jpg?itok=bZk0j7gJ" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/></a><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> <strong>Non-Resonant Electron Spin Resonant Probe</strong> </div> </figcaption></figure></div> <div class="tablet:grid-col"> <figure class="align-center nist-image" data-link="https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2023/06/28/10797684%20with%20docket%20number.pdf"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2023/06/28/10797684%20with%20docket%20number.pdf"><img alt="Superconducting Waveform Synthesizer" height="480" loading="lazy" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2023/09/12/Superconducting%20Waveform%20Synthesizer.jpg?itok=C6lycT3Z" typeof="foaf:Image" width="480"/></a><figcaption class="nist-image__caption"><div class="nist-image__caption-content" data-caption-editable="true"> <strong>Superconducting Waveform Synthesizer</strong> </div> </figcaption></figure></div> </div> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="47e6ff4f-c0ed-4e0e-b4b6-05ab66bf70d4" href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/tpo/innovative-technologies-think-collaboration" title=" Innovative Technologies - Think Collaboration"><sub>View All Patent Spotlights</sub></a></p> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="tablet:grid-col"> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col"> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-cf21479bce1ca28e3810c7381ab788fad417f14f0a5ddbe563668f386b9c28eb"> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/10/flex-program-tech-transfer-training-action" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/10/flex-program-tech-transfer-training-action"><span property="schema:name">The FLEX Program is Tech Transfer Training in Action</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-10-10T12:00:00Z">October 10, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Technology transfer is not a theoretical exercise. It is a real-world topic, dealing with the application of federal scientific and engineering research to real </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/10/nist-researchers-develop-breakthrough-covid-19-detection-technology" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/10/nist-researchers-develop-breakthrough-covid-19-detection-technology"><span property="schema:name">NIST Researchers Develop a Breakthrough COVID-19 Detection Technology</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-10-02T12:00:00Z">October 2, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> “Only connect” is the most famous line in the British novelist E. M. Forster’s writings. Forster was urging the readers of his book Howard’s End to make </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/08/bayh-dole-update-webinar-resounding-success" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/08/bayh-dole-update-webinar-resounding-success"><span property="schema:name">Bayh-Dole Update Webinar is a Resounding Success</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-08-23T12:00:00Z">August 23, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> The field of technology transfer is vibrant and fast-moving, and the Bayh-Dole Act regulations shaping federal tech transfer respond and adapt to changing </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/org/5811">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Contacts</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"> Technology Partnerships Office </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/mailto:tpo@nist.gov">tpo@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (301) 975-2573 </div> <div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude> <!-- nist-index-ignore-start --> <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20231128043210im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/tpo" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- nist-index-ignore-end --> </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/770001","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"G-HEQ0YF2VYL","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip"},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"2f77e4dcfce20728ac491170886da836c10b580f9bdfeb9c9e729fe4958834d5"}}</script> <script src="/web/20231128043210js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_wWC32cBD9qab55wFkKWKvOdi_p-P8cBjregEiEdV1z4.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJx1kYGuwyAIRX_IVz_JUMuUzYoTXNe_X9utabPlJYbA4QZu0HNFe703rLPpwd-c8vKKPeXuKv-2yHM2gTkkdJAhzUpe7DcwmURdonwjdRdKitX-IhfgLRRSpLFUfqD9BquZjWnEERcPnHqobuTBDiTQL2vXoUZmURwXr4Kb3obEPaRz_vcZZSPCgHUv3TRNZ_WpXiX41HWBHWorkLpPaQpUCBVKlL1zkK7l0vpEEnEwD8JJ7Ba7xXVLaPzxBx1nj-ZCwUNR4rxf6yBvy3hvkFxEClEPlyP5yuuxXmYwua8"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128043210js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20231128043210js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_5ryNUs6GxBdloDjzmRgzoVauqZxQeUM7_K9e9QHtDzs.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=nist_www&amp;include=eJx1kYGuwyAIRX_IVz_JUMuUzYoTXNe_X9utabPlJYbA4QZu0HNFe703rLPpwd-c8vKKPeXuKv-2yHM2gTkkdJAhzUpe7DcwmURdonwjdRdKitX-IhfgLRRSpLFUfqD9BquZjWnEERcPnHqobuTBDiTQL2vXoUZmURwXr4Kb3obEPaRz_vcZZSPCgHUv3TRNZ_WpXiX41HWBHWorkLpPaQpUCBVKlL1zkK7l0vpEEnEwD8JJ7Ba7xXVLaPzxBx1nj-ZCwUNR4rxf6yBvy3hvkFxEClEPlyP5yuuxXmYwua8"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFnFGRhVWVWoNVgUHaHpaWkcXWFVaBks9LFtdUGJaAEB6WQ1NEw1YVVBGHltBUFMU","queueTime":5,"applicationTime":1376,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 04:32:10 Nov 28, 2023 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 00:23:46 Nov 27, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.67 exclusion.robots: 0.031 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.018 esindex: 0.013 cdx.remote: 6.205 LoadShardBlock: 119.116 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 77.925 (4) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 103.405 (2) load_resource: 88.897 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10