CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Autoimmune markers and their implications in multiple sclerosis – Neurology</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Neurology » Feed" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/neurocare.blog\/archive\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: var(--contrast-3);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--color--accent-2: var(--accent-2);--wp--preset--color--accent-hover: var(--accent-hover);--wp--preset--color--highlight: var(--highlight);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/style.css?ver=6.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-widget-areas-css' href='https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/widget-areas.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/main.min.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> body{background-color:var(--base);color:var(--contrast);}a{color:#1b78e2;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:var(--accent-hover);}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-header .header-image{width:200px;}:root{--contrast:#212121;--contrast-2:#2f4468;--contrast-3:#878787;--base:#fafafa;--base-2:#f7f8f9;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#242226;--accent-2:#1b78e2;--accent-hover:#35343a;--highlight:#83b0de;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-2-color{color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-2-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-hover-color{color:var(--accent-hover);}:root .has-accent-hover-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-hover);}:root .has-highlight-color{color:var(--highlight);}:root .has-highlight-background-color{background-color:var(--highlight);}.gp-modal:not(.gp-modal--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal--transition:not(.gp-modal--open){pointer-events:none;}.gp-modal-overlay:not(.gp-modal-overlay--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal__overlay{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;z-index:10000;backdrop-filter:blur(3px);transition:opacity 500ms ease;opacity:0;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__overlay{opacity:1;}.gp-modal__container{max-width:100%;max-height:100vh;transform:scale(0.9);transition:transform 500ms ease;padding:0 10px;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__container{transform:scale(1);}.search-modal-fields{display:flex;}.gp-search-modal .gp-modal__overlay{align-items:flex-start;padding-top:25vh;background:var(--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color);}.search-modal-form{width:500px;max-width:100%;background-color:var(--gp-search-modal-bg-color);color:var(--gp-search-modal-text-color);}.search-modal-form .search-field, .search-modal-form .search-field:focus{width:100%;height:60px;background-color:transparent;border:0;appearance:none;color:currentColor;}.search-modal-fields button, .search-modal-fields button:active, .search-modal-fields button:focus, .search-modal-fields button:hover{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:currentColor;width:60px;}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:Open Sans, sans-serif;font-size:17px;}.main-title{font-size:25px;}.widget-title{font-weight:600;}button:not(.menu-toggle),html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.button,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{font-size:15px;}h1{font-weight:600;font-size:40px;}h2{font-weight:600;font-size:30px;}h3{font-size:20px;}.top-bar{background-color:#636363;color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a{color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a:hover{color:#303030;}.site-header{background-color:#ffffff;color:#3a3a3a;}.site-header a{color:#3a3a3a;}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:#ffffff;}.site-description{color:#757575;}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast);}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--accent-hover);}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast);}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.inside-article a,.paging-navigation a,.comments-area a,.page-header a{color:var(--accent-2);}.inside-article a:hover,.paging-navigation a:hover,.comments-area a:hover,.page-header a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.entry-title a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-title a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.entry-meta{color:var(--contrast-3);}.entry-meta a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-meta a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}h1{color:var(--contrast);}h2{color:var(--contrast);}h3{color:var(--contrast);}.sidebar .widget{background-color:#ffffff;}.sidebar .widget a{color:var(--contrast);padding:0px;}.sidebar .widget a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.sidebar .widget .widget-title{color:#000000;}.footer-widgets{color:var(--base-3);background-color:var(--contrast-2);}.footer-widgets a{color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets a:hover{color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets .widget-title{color:var(--base-2);}.site-info{color:var(--contrast-2);}.site-info a{color:var(--contrast-2);}.site-info a:hover{color:var(--accent-hover);}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:var(--accent-hover);}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--contrast);background-color:#fafafa;border-color:var(--contrast);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast-3);background-color:#ffffff;border-color:var(--contrast-3);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--accent);}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--accent-hover);}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.4 );color:#ffffff;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.6 );color:#ffffff;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:var(--contrast);}}.inside-top-bar{padding:10px;}.inside-header{padding:40px;}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container, .nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:50px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:50px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-50px;width:calc(100% + 100px);max-width:calc(100% + 100px);}.one-container.right-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-right .site-main{margin-right:50px;}.one-container.left-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-left .site-main{margin-left:50px;}.one-container.both-sidebars .site-main{margin:0px 50px 0px 50px;}.one-container.archive .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item), .one-container.blog .post:not(:last-child):not(.is-loop-template-item){padding-bottom:50px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{line-height:51px!important;}.navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:65px;}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:20px;}.widget-area .widget{padding:50px;}.inside-site-info{padding:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:10px;padding-left:10px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:20px;}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base)!important;}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{background-color:var(--base)!important;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:30%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:25%;}.site-content .content-area{width:70%;}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}} .dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;} .main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{transition: line-height 300ms ease}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{background-color: var(--accent)}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck .main-navigation {margin-bottom: 0px;}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck {z-index: 500;}.sticky-enabled .main-navigation.is_stuck {box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);}.navigation-stick:not(.gen-sidebar-nav) {left: 0;right: 0;width: 100% !important;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick {width: 100% !important;left: 0;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick .navigation-branding {margin-right: auto;}.main-navigation.has-sticky-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left: 10px;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-child-css' href='https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child/style.css?ver=1724241174' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A300%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C700&display=auto&ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-blog-images-css' href='https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/blog/functions/css/featured-images.min.css?ver=2.4.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-navigation-branding-css' href='https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/css/navigation-branding-flex.min.css?ver=2.4.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-navigation-branding-inline-css'> .main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container, .main-navigation.has-branding.grid-container .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container){padding:0px 50px 0px 50px;}.main-navigation.has-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding img, .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img{height:65px;width:auto;}.navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:65px;}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation.has-branding.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items, .main-navigation.has-sticky-branding.navigation-stick.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items{margin-left:auto;}.navigation-branding{margin-right:auto;margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding .main-title, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo{margin-left:10px;}.main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px;}} </style> <script src="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/86" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/multiple-sclerosis/autoimmune-markers-and-their-implications-in-multiple-sclerosis/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://neurocare.blog/archive/?p=86' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fneurocare.blog%2Farchive%2Fmultiple-sclerosis%2Fautoimmune-markers-and-their-implications-in-multiple-sclerosis%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fneurocare.blog%2Farchive%2Fmultiple-sclerosis%2Fautoimmune-markers-and-their-implications-in-multiple-sclerosis%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-favi-icon-270x270.png" /> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-86 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive post-image-above-header post-image-aligned-center sticky-menu-no-transition sticky-enabled both-sticky-menu right-sidebar nav-below-header separate-containers header-aligned-left dropdown-hover featured-image-active" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog" itemscope> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <nav class="auto-hide-sticky has-branding main-navigation nav-align-right has-menu-bar-items sub-menu-right" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container"> <div class="navigation-branding"><div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/" title="Neurology" rel="home"> <img class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="Neurology" src="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cropped-logo.png" title="Neurology" width="759" height="181" /> </a> </div></div> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="mobile-menu">Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-primary-menu" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-59" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-59"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-67" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-67"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-60" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-60"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/publication-trends">Publication Trends</a></li> <li id="menu-item-61" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-61"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/recent-publications">Recent Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-62" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-62"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/expert-search/">Expert Search</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-bar-items"> <span class="menu-bar-item"> <a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Open search" data-gpmodal-trigger="gp-search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-86" class="post-86 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-multiple-sclerosis tag-aquaporin-4 tag-autoimmune-markers tag-magnetic-resonance-imaging tag-multiple-sclerosis tag-myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein tag-oligoclonal-bands tag-pediatric-multiple-sclerosis" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/image-_24_-min-1-scaled-e1726234282367.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Autoimmune markers and their implications in multiple sclerosis</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-13T19:01:38+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">September 13, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-13T17:20:30+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 13, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/author/neurocare/" title="View all posts by neurocare" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">neurocare</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), paving way to a large number of neurological symptoms and disability. The disease is featured by the immune system targeting the myelin sheath, a protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to inflammation and damage . The exact reason for MS remains unknown, but it is considered to result from a combination of genetic , environmental, and immunological factors. One important aspect of understanding and diagnosing MS involves the identification and study of autoimmune markers, Which can give insights into disease mechanisms,development and capable therapeutic targets.</span></p> <h3><b>The Role of Oligoclonal Bands in MS Diagnosis</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are immunoglobulins found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of most MS sufferers. Their existence is considered a hallmark of MS and can be determined through electrophoresis. The importance of OCBs lies in their capability to indicate intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins, suggesting an ongoing immune response within the CNS. research has proved that OCBs are an independent risk factor for evolving MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) . This discovery highlights the significance of OCBs in the preliminary diagnosis and observation of disease development.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://neurocare.blog/publication-trends/index/multiple sclerosis" target="_blank" title="multiple sclerosis - yearwise publication trends">multiple sclerosis</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; width: max-content; text-align: center; } @media only screen and (max-width: 993px) { .Adblock-main { width: 100% !important; margin:auto } } .Adblock-main { width: 100%; margin:auto; background-color:#fff; } .Adblock-head { background: #42c251; padding: 12px 10px; } .Adblock-head h1, .Adblock-head h2 { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; text-align: center; font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 8px; } .Adblock-head h1 a{ color: #000; text-decoration: none; font-size:22px; padding:0px; } .Adblock-head h1 a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title{ margin-bottom: 1px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } .Ad-title a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title1 { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 15px; text-align: center; font-size: 18px; color: #000; } .Ad-title1 a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-title1 a:hover{ color: #000; text-decoration: underline; } .Ad-subtitle { margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 15px; text-align: center; } .Ad-subtitle1 { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; } .Ad-middle { border: solid 1px #ccc; padding-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: none; } .register-button { background-color: #283b39; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 14px; border: none; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; margin-top: 15px; } .register-button span { color:#6dfe7e; } .register-button:hover { background-color: #161515; color:#fff; } .tablediv { width:100%; border: solid 1px #ccc; background:#fff; margin-bottom: 0px !important; } .tablediv th,.tablediv td{ font-size:13px!important; } .keywordsdiv { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; background: #f1f1f1; padding: 10px 15px; margin-top: 15px; border-radius: 5px; } .keywordsdiv a{ color: #276cb5; padding: 0; } .keywordsdiv a:hover{ color:#000; text-decoration:underline; } .pub-scroll{ max-height: 260px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } .chart-block { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; background:#fff; border:1px solid #ccc; } .chart-block .left, .chart-block .right { background-color: #fff; padding: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; } .chart-block .left { flex: 1 1 5%; /* Takes up 45% of the width, flexible */ padding-right:0px !important } .chart-block .right { flex: 1 1 45%; /* Takes up 45% of the width, flexible */ } /* Responsive adjustments */ @media (max-width: 768px) { .chart-block .left, .chart-block .right { flex: 1 1 100%; /* Stack vertically on smaller screens */ margin: 0 0 10px 0; padding-right:20px !important } .chart-block .right{ width:50% !important; border:solid 1px #ccc; } .pub-scroll{ max-height:100% !important; overflow-y: inherit; overflow-x: hidden; } } </style> <script src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js'></script> <script> var chart = null; function displayResults(statistics) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results'); if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 'NA' : count; tableHTML += ` <tr> <td>${year}</td> <td>${displayCount}</td> </tr> `; }); tableHTML += '</table></div>'; resultsContainer.innerHTML = tableHTML; } function displayLineChart(statistics) { var years = Object.keys(statistics); var counts = Object.values(statistics); var ctx = document.getElementById('publicationChart').getContext('2d'); // Destroy existing chart instance if it exists if (chart !== null) { chart.destroy(); } // Create a new chart instance chart = new Chart(ctx, { type: 'line', data: { labels: years, datasets: [{ label: 'Publication Counts', data: counts, fill: false, borderColor: 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)', tension: 0.1 }] }, options: { scales: { y: { beginAtZero: true } }, plugins: { legend: { display: true, position: 'top' } } } }); } function displayKeywordStats(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-stats'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://neurocare.blog/publication-trends/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - yearwise publication trends">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var statistics = { "2014": 2099, "2015": 2188, "2016": 2697, "2017": 2385, "2018": 2341, "2019": 3036, "2020": 3701, "2021": 4331, "2022": 4935, "2023": 8080, "2024": 2697 }; var keywordsArray = ["Multiple Sclerosis","Autoimmune Markers","Oligoclonal Bands","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein","Aquaporin-4","Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis"]; displayResults(statistics); displayLineChart(statistics); displayKeywordStats(keywordsArray); </script></p> <h3><b>Lesion Topographies and MRI Markers</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of MS. particular lesion topographies, such as periventricular, juxtacortical and infratentorial lesions, are symbolic of MS. The count and location of these lesions helps in signifying the diagnosis according to the McDonald basis. Recent studies have explored the contribution of various lesion topographies, detecting that cortical – juxtacortical and corpus callosum lesions are especially important in diagnosing MS. Moreover , the involvement of more than one periventricular lesion develops diagnostic accuracy.</span></p> <h3><b>Biomarkers Beyond MRI: The Case for Multiple Biomarkers</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While MRI remains a cornerstone in MS diagnosis , Other biomarkers have been detected to enhance diagnostic accuracy and analyze disease development. For example, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies and aquaporin – 4 ( AQP4) antibodies are related with definite clinical phenotypes within the spectrum of demyelinating diseases.MOG Antibodies , in particular , have been associated to a subgroup of MS patients who execute severe spinal cord and optic nerve inclusion. These biomarkers provide added layers of diagnostic accuracy and can guide treatment decisions.</span></p> <h3><b>The Diagnostic Algorithm and Revised Criteria</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The advancement of diagnostic strategy for MS reflects developments in considering the disease and the need for more appropriate and early diagnosis. The 2010 revision of the McDonald strategy for instance, included new MRI markers and emphasized the importance of lesion dissemination in space and time. Studies differentiating the revised McDonald – 2010 and Filippi – 2010 basis have shown advancements in diagnostic correctness and the capability to analyze clinically definite MS. </span></p> <h3><b>Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Diagnostic Challenges</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagnosing MS in children executes different challenges due to variation in disease presentation and development compared to adults . Pediatric onset often requires various diagnostic procedures, with a prominent emphasis on comprehensive clinical and radiological estimation. Studies have shown that the revised McDonald criteria can be effectively applied to pediatric patients , but additional markers and clinical features must be considered to guarantee correct diagnosis and timely intervention.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://neurocare.blog/recent-publications/index/multiple sclerosis" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="multiple sclerosis - yearwise publication list">multiple sclerosis</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://neurocare.blog/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Discrimination of multiple sclerosis using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images with autoencoder-based feature extraction.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945032", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Astrocyte-secreted C3 signaling impairs neuronal development and cognition in autoimmune diseases.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945516", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Optic Disc Cupping in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis and Its Relationship With Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters: A Multicenter Study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946028", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Clinical Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Demyelinating Disorders in Calabar, Nigeria: A Case Series.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38943292", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and cortical structure: a Mendelian randomization study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38245759", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Low-dose dimethylfumarate attenuates colitis-associated cancer in mice through M2 macrophage polarization and blocking oxidative stress.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38945373", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "DigiTRAC: Qualitative insights from knowledge users to inform the development of a Digital Toolkit for enhancing resilience among multiple sclerosis caregivers.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38954857", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Transcriptional Landscape of Neutrophils and Highlights the Role of TREM-1 in EAE.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38954781", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Evaluating patient-reported adherence and outcomes in specialty disease states: A dual-site initiative.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38950163", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The Iron Maiden: Oligodendroglial metabolic disfunction in multiple sclerosis and mitochondrial signalling.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38950685", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "No causal relationship between serum urate and neurodegenerative diseases: A Mendelian randomization study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38955238", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "An online, two-day educational seminar had no impact on disease-specific knowledge in patients with systemic sclerosis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38877137", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A novel tool for characterising upper limb function in progressive multiple sclerosis through kinematic assessment.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850768", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Clinical and biological predictors of Cladribine effectiveness in Multiple Sclerosis: A real-world, single Centre study considering a two-year interval from year-2 dosing.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850773", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "STING orchestrates the neuronal inflammatory stress response in multiple sclerosis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38878778", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Exploring the relationship between manual dexterity and cognition in people with multiple sclerosis: 9-hole peg and multiple cognitive functions.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38850796", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Real-world therapy management of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving cladribine tablets beyond year 4 - Results from a German cladribine cohort.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38878625", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Can Voice Parameters Provide Cutoff Values to Predict Dysphagia in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis?", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38872058", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Clinical indications and protocol considerations for selecting initial body weight support levels in gait rehabilitation: a systematic review.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38849899", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Ethnicity and deprivation negatively impact the access to disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a retrospective, single-centre study.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38839276", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Multiple Sclerosis","Autoimmune Markers","Oligoclonal Bands","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein","Aquaporin-4","Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>Autoantibodies and Disease Heterogeneity</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Autoantibodies play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of MS and related disorders. The presence of antibodies against MOG and AQP4 highlights the heterogeneity within demyelinating diseases . Patients with MOG antibodies often have a different clinical course and response to treatment contrast to those with typical MS or AQP4 – positive neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorders. Understanding these differences is crucial for customized cure procedures and enhancing patient results.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Autoimmune markers such as OCBs, lesion topographies, and specific autoantibodies provide important insights into the diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis. Advances in MRI technology and the integration of multiple biomarkers into diagnostic criteria have significantly enhanced our understanding of MS pathogenesis and have led to more targeted and effective therapies.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li> <div class="citation-text">Arrambide G, Tintore M, Espejo C, Auger C, Castillo M, Río J, Castilló J, Vidal-Jordana A, Galán I, Nos C, Mitjana R, Mulero P, de Barros A, Rodríguez-Acevedo B, Midaglia L, Sastre-Garriga J, Rovira A, Comabella M, Montalban X. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29462277/">The value of oligoclonal bands in the multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria.</a> Brain. 2018 Apr 1;141(4):1075-1084. doi: 10.1093/brain/awy006. PMID: 29462277.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Arrambide G, Tintore M, Auger C, Río J, Castilló J, Vidal-Jordana A, Galán I, Nos C, Comabella M, Mitjana R, Mulero P, de Barros A, Rodríguez-Acevedo B, Midaglia L, Sastre-Garriga J, Rovira A, Montalban X. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5719929/">Lesion topographies in multiple sclerosis diagnosis: A reappraisal.</a> Neurology. 2017 Dec 5;89(23):2351-2356. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004715. Epub 2017 Nov 3. PMID: 29101276; PMCID: PMC5719929.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Martinelli V, Dalla Costa G, Messina MJ, Di Maggio G, Sangalli F, Moiola L, Rodegher M, Colombo B, Furlan R, Leocani L, Falini A, Comi G. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28393349/">Multiple biomarkers improve the prediction of multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndromes.</a> Acta Neurol Scand. 2017 Nov;136(5):454-461. doi: 10.1111/ane.12761. Epub 2017 Apr 9. PMID: 28393349.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Mesaros S, Meani A, Montalban X, Drulovic J, Droby A, Zipp F, Calabrese M, Sastre-Garriga J, Dujmovic-Basuroski I, Rovira A, Filippi M. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28724720/">Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a multicentre study to compare revised McDonald-2010 and Filippi-2010 criteria.</a> J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Mar;89(3):316-318. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315863. Epub 2017 Jul 19. PMID: 28724720.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Hacohen Y, Mankad K, Chong WK, Barkhof F, Vincent A, Lim M, Wassmer E, Ciccarelli O, Hemingway C. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28615429/">Diagnostic algorithm for relapsing acquired demyelinating syndromes in children.</a> Neurology. 2017 Jul 18;89(3):269-278. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004117. Epub 2017 Jun 14. PMID: 28615429.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Brownlee WJ, Miszkiel KA, Altmann DR, Ciccarelli O, Miller DH. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27600111/">Periventricular lesions and MS diagnostic criteria in young adults with typical clinically isolated syndromes.</a> Mult Scler. 2017 Jun;23(7):1031-1034. doi: 10.1177/1352458516667565. Epub 2016 Sep 6. PMID: 27600111.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Tintore M, Otero-Romero S, Río J, Arrambide G, Pujal B, Tur C, Galán I, Comabella M, Nos C, Arévalo MJ, Vidal-Jordana A, Castilló J, Rodríguez-Acevedo B, Midaglia L, Mitjana R, Auger C, Sastre-Garriga J, Rovira À, Montalban X. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27566747/">Contribution of the symptomatic lesion in establishing MS diagnosis and prognosis.</a> Neurology. 2016 Sep 27;87(13):1368-74. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003144. Epub 2016 Aug 26. PMID: 27566747.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Spadaro M, Gerdes LA, Krumbholz M, Ertl-Wagner B, Thaler FS, Schuh E, Metz I, Blaschek A, Dick A, Brück W, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E, Kümpfel T. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27458601/">Autoantibodies to MOG in a distinct subgroup of adult multiple sclerosis.</a> Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2016 Jun 30;3(5):e257. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000257. PMID: 27458601; PMCID: PMC4949775.</div> <div class="citation-actions"></div> </li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">multiple sclerosis</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://neurocare.blog/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://neurocare.blog/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://neurocare.blog/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "GOmoK4wBWBy50K-r97zZ": { "aid": "GOmoK4wBWBy50K-r97zZ", "name": "F. Barkhof", "citation_count": 115038, "hindex": 159, "paper_count": 2135, "affiliation": "Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology & Healthcare Engineering, UCL London, London, United Kingdom. ", "email": "f.barkhof@vumc.nl", "slug_tail": "f-barkhof" }, "lSm3K4wBWBy50K-rlCs9": { "aid": "lSm3K4wBWBy50K-rlCs9", "name": "H. Lassmann", "citation_count": 82258, "hindex": 156, "paper_count": 849, "affiliation": "Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria. ", "email": "hans.lassmann@meduniwien.ac", "slug_tail": "h-lassmann" }, "dnJKK4wBWBy50K-r20XG": { "aid": "dnJKK4wBWBy50K-r20XG", "name": "S. Elledge", "citation_count": 115922, "hindex": 155, "paper_count": 420, "affiliation": "Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ", "email": "selledge@genetics.med.harvard.edu", "slug_tail": "s-elledge" }, "Bzj2K4wBWBy50K-r6X9b": { "aid": "Bzj2K4wBWBy50K-r6X9b", "name": "J. Casanova", "citation_count": 90130, "hindex": 152, "paper_count": 1148, "affiliation": "St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ", "email": "jean-laurent.casanova@rockefeller.edu", "slug_tail": "j-casanova" }, "gN0tK4wBWBy50K-rIgzL": { "aid": "gN0tK4wBWBy50K-rIgzL", "name": "H. Weiner", "citation_count": 87657, "hindex": 139, "paper_count": 1054, "affiliation": "Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States. ", "email": "hweiner@rics.bwh.harvard.edu", "slug_tail": "h-weiner" }, "DafwKowBWBy50K-riJbQ": { "aid": "DafwKowBWBy50K-riJbQ", "name": "A. Ascherio", "citation_count": 73587, "hindex": 138, "paper_count": 540, "affiliation": "Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. ", "email": "aascheri@hsph.harvard.edu", "slug_tail": "a-ascherio" }, "f_L-KowBWBy50K-rmu8J": { "aid": "f_L-KowBWBy50K-rmu8J", "name": "R. Ransohoff", "citation_count": 79017, "hindex": 136, "paper_count": 624, "affiliation": "Third Rock Ventures, Boston, MA, USA; Abata Therapeutics, 100 Forge Road, Suite 200, Boston, MA 02472, USA. ", "email": "rransohoff@abatatx.com", "slug_tail": "r-ransohoff" }, "2MnbK4wBWBy50K-rcVgd": { "aid": "2MnbK4wBWBy50K-rcVgd", "name": "M. Filippi", "citation_count": 89784, "hindex": 134, "paper_count": 1777, "affiliation": "Neuroimaging Research Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. ", "email": "filippi.massimo@hsr.it", "slug_tail": "m-filippi" }, "7I3sKowBWBy50K-rCKX8": { "aid": "7I3sKowBWBy50K-rCKX8", "name": "Howard Y. Chang", "citation_count": 89375, "hindex": 128, "paper_count": 462, "affiliation": "Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ", "email": "howchang@stanford.edu", "slug_tail": "howard-y-chang" }, "KF5GK4wBWBy50K-rn4_u": { "aid": "KF5GK4wBWBy50K-rn4_u", "name": "M. Camilleri", "citation_count": 60632, "hindex": 128, "paper_count": 1399, "affiliation": "Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ", "email": "camilleri.michael@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "m-camilleri" }, "C6jwKowBWBy50K-rsI4h": { "aid": "C6jwKowBWBy50K-rsI4h", "name": "A. Nairn", "citation_count": 44906, "hindex": 119, "paper_count": 630, "affiliation": "Yale\/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. ", "email": "angus.nairn@yale.edu", "slug_tail": "a-nairn" }, "FOrjK4wBWBy50K-re7Hk": { "aid": "FOrjK4wBWBy50K-re7Hk", "name": "J. Parisi", "citation_count": 54185, "hindex": 118, "paper_count": 536, "affiliation": "Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1(st) Street NW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. ", "email": "parisi.joseph@mayo.edu", "slug_tail": "j-parisi" }, "CXyJK4wBWBy50K-rSYzB": { "aid": "CXyJK4wBWBy50K-rSYzB", "name": "L. Alfredsson", "citation_count": 54517, "hindex": 116, "paper_count": 708, "affiliation": "Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ", "email": "lars.alfredsson@ki.se", "slug_tail": "l-alfredsson" }, "9MsqK4wBWBy50K-rNj_m": { "aid": "9MsqK4wBWBy50K-rNj_m", "name": "L. Kappos", "citation_count": 79033, "hindex": 116, "paper_count": 1176, "affiliation": "Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine, and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. ", "email": "ludwig.kappos@usb.ch", "slug_tail": "l-kappos" }, "oUS9K4wBWBy50K-r2Qfi": { "aid": "oUS9K4wBWBy50K-r2Qfi", "name": "L. Steinman", "citation_count": 51701, "hindex": 114, "paper_count": 712, "affiliation": "Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 ", "email": "massimo.costanza@istituto-besta.it", "slug_tail": "l-steinman" }, "sLDWK4wBWBy50K-r0IbO": { "aid": "sLDWK4wBWBy50K-r0IbO", "name": "H. Hartung", "citation_count": 72419, "hindex": 114, "paper_count": 1281, "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany. ", "email": "Hans-Peter.Hartung@med.uni-duesseldorf.de", "slug_tail": "h-hartung" }, "KdH4KowBWBy50K-rUet0": { "aid": "KdH4KowBWBy50K-rUet0", "name": "F. Ginhoux", "citation_count": 57584, "hindex": 112, "paper_count": 467, "affiliation": "Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 3, Singapore 138648, Singapore. ", "email": "florent_ginhoux@immunol.a-star.edu.sg", "slug_tail": "f-ginhoux" }, "9y3bKowBWBy50K-rVqLJ": { "aid": "9y3bKowBWBy50K-rVqLJ", "name": "P. Fox", "citation_count": 62073, "hindex": 111, "paper_count": 579, "affiliation": "Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA. ", "email": "fox@uthscsa.edu", "slug_tail": "p-fox" }, "mXeIK4wBWBy50K-rX9N8": { "aid": "mXeIK4wBWBy50K-rX9N8", "name": "C. Bernstein", "citation_count": 53299, "hindex": 110, "paper_count": 1030, "affiliation": "IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ", "email": "Charles.Bernstein@umanitoba.ca", "slug_tail": "c-bernstein" }, "vNMrK4wBWBy50K-rlr67": { "aid": "vNMrK4wBWBy50K-rlr67", "name": "G. Comi", "citation_count": 55850, "hindex": 109, "paper_count": 1045, "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy. ", "email": "comi.giancarlo@hsr.it", "slug_tail": "g-comi" }, "0kJAK4wBWBy50K-rCCFl": { "aid": "0kJAK4wBWBy50K-rCCFl", "name": "S. Lord", "citation_count": 43389, "hindex": 109, "paper_count": 699, "affiliation": "Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. ", "email": "s.lord@neura.edu.au", "slug_tail": "s-lord" }, "Zym3K4wBWBy50K-rjwxs": { "aid": "Zym3K4wBWBy50K-rjwxs", "name": "D. Baleanu", "citation_count": 65215, "hindex": 108, "paper_count": 2462, "affiliation": "Institute of Space Sciences, 077125, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania. ", "email": "dumitru@cankaya.edu.tr", "slug_tail": "d-baleanu" }, "SEm_K4wBWBy50K-r6Hsh": { "aid": "SEm_K4wBWBy50K-r6Hsh", "name": "S. Hauser", "citation_count": 47217, "hindex": 108, "paper_count": 571, "affiliation": "From the Department of Neurology (S.L.H.), University of California, San Francisco; Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine and Biomedical Engineering (L.K.), Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology (X.M.), Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (CEMCAT), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (L.C., C.C., R.H., H.K., N.P.), Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, Inc. (A.P.), South San Francisco, CA; IQVIA Solutions Inc. (K.P.), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Neurology (J.S.W.), McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth). ", "email": "stephen.hauser@ucsf.edu", "slug_tail": "s-hauser" }, "RQvrK4wBWBy50K-r8Qwk": { "aid": "RQvrK4wBWBy50K-r8Qwk", "name": "S. Verstovsek", "citation_count": 47603, "hindex": 105, "paper_count": 1498, "affiliation": "", "email": "sverstov@mdanderson.org", "slug_tail": "s-verstovsek" }, "gPb_KowBWBy50K-rPMuh": { "aid": "gPb_KowBWBy50K-rPMuh", "name": "M. Dalakas", "citation_count": 40256, "hindex": 105, "paper_count": 622, "affiliation": "Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. ", "email": "mdalakas@med.uoa.gr", "slug_tail": "m-dalakas" }, "ly64K4wBWBy50K-rkqXN": { "aid": "ly64K4wBWBy50K-rkqXN", "name": "F. Fazekas", "citation_count": 54448, "hindex": 105, "paper_count": 729, "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria. ", "email": "franz.fazekas@medunigraz.at", "slug_tail": "f-fazekas" }, "RBMEK4wBWBy50K-r08GD": { "aid": "RBMEK4wBWBy50K-r08GD", "name": "P. Calabresi", "citation_count": 36462, "hindex": 103, "paper_count": 723, "affiliation": "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Roma; Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy. ", "email": "paolo.calabresi@policlinicogemelli.it", "slug_tail": "p-calabresi" }, "doweK4wBWBy50K-rF8XZ": { "aid": "doweK4wBWBy50K-rF8XZ", "name": "X. Montalban", "citation_count": 61605, "hindex": 103, "paper_count": 953, "affiliation": "From the Department of Neuroinflammation (C.T.), Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Neurology\/Neuroimmunology Department (C.T., M.T., X.M.), Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine (T.K.), CORe, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology (T.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Division of Neurology (J.O., X.M.), University of Toronto, St Michael's Hospital, Canada; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL) (M.P.S.), University of Genoa, Italy; and Central Clinical School (H.B.), Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. ", "email": "xavier.montalban@cem-cat.org", "slug_tail": "x-montalban" }, "hlAPK4wBWBy50K-reHqh": { "aid": "hlAPK4wBWBy50K-reHqh", "name": "C. Caltagirone", "citation_count": 44083, "hindex": 102, "paper_count": 1101, "affiliation": "Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS,Via Ardeatina 306,00179, Rome, Italy. ", "email": "c.caltagirone@hsantalucia.it", "slug_tail": "c-caltagirone" }, "-vppK4wBWBy50K-rorzh": { "aid": "-vppK4wBWBy50K-rorzh", "name": "E. Baulieu", "citation_count": 38343, "hindex": 101, "paper_count": 816, "affiliation": "", "email": "etienne.baulieu@inserm.fr", "slug_tail": "e-baulieu" }, "6vRoK4wBWBy50K-rWzIi": { "aid": "6vRoK4wBWBy50K-rWzIi", "name": "A. Lammertsma", "citation_count": 42020, "hindex": 101, "paper_count": 1018, "affiliation": "Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ", "email": "aa.lammertsma@vumc.nl", "slug_tail": "a-lammertsma" }, "dmNHK4wBWBy50K-r52dD": { "aid": "dmNHK4wBWBy50K-r52dD", "name": "W. Br\u00fcck", "citation_count": 44972, "hindex": 98, "paper_count": 490, "affiliation": "Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University G\u00f6ttingen, Germany. ", "email": "wbrueck@med.uni-goettingen.de", "slug_tail": "w-bruck" }, "5yfZKowBWBy50K-r71_z": { "aid": "5yfZKowBWBy50K-r71_z", "name": "M. Hecker", "citation_count": 35281, "hindex": 98, "paper_count": 568, "affiliation": "Rostock University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany. ", "email": "michael.hecker@rocketmail.com", "slug_tail": "m-hecker" }, "IP-uK4wBWBy50K-rUsBy": { "aid": "IP-uK4wBWBy50K-rUsBy", "name": "F. Lottspeich", "citation_count": 32894, "hindex": 96, "paper_count": 597, "affiliation": "Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany. ", "email": "lottspei@biochem.mpg.de", "slug_tail": "f-lottspeich" }, "LCJyK4wBWBy50K-ri6gR": { "aid": "LCJyK4wBWBy50K-ri6gR", "name": "R. Grossman", "citation_count": 25365, "hindex": 96, "paper_count": 373, "affiliation": "Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ", "email": "Robert.Grossman@nyumc.org", "slug_tail": "r-grossman" }, "p1dEK4wBWBy50K-rXOCO": { "aid": "p1dEK4wBWBy50K-rXOCO", "name": "B. Trapp", "citation_count": 38437, "hindex": 96, "paper_count": 319, "affiliation": "Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue\/NC30, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. ", "email": "trappb@ccf.org", "slug_tail": "b-trapp" }, "6rXXK4wBWBy50K-run6d": { "aid": "6rXXK4wBWBy50K-run6d", "name": "L. Romani", "citation_count": 35337, "hindex": 96, "paper_count": 520, "affiliation": "Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy ", "email": "luigina.romani@unipg.it", "slug_tail": "l-romani" }, "NronK4wBWBy50K-rLBPw": { "aid": "NronK4wBWBy50K-rLBPw", "name": "P. Calabresi", "citation_count": 41007, "hindex": 96, "paper_count": 628, "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ", "email": "pcalabr1@jhmi.edu", "slug_tail": "p-calabresi" }, "-xPtK4wBWBy50K-rRybc": { "aid": "-xPtK4wBWBy50K-rRybc", "name": "M. Esiri", "citation_count": 31636, "hindex": 95, "paper_count": 482, "affiliation": "", "email": "M.Midgley@appbiol.hull.ac.uk", "slug_tail": "m-esiri" }, "yPDkK4wBWBy50K-rXF-g": { "aid": "yPDkK4wBWBy50K-rXF-g", "name": "J. Varni", "citation_count": 40349, "hindex": 95, "paper_count": 373, "affiliation": "Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. ", "email": "jvarni@tamu.edu", "slug_tail": "j-varni" }, "wNb5KowBWBy50K-rOht1": { "aid": "wNb5KowBWBy50K-rOht1", "name": "J. Antel", "citation_count": 34825, "hindex": 95, "paper_count": 494, "affiliation": "Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; ", "email": "jack.antel@mcgill.ca", "slug_tail": "j-antel" }, "ocH1KowBWBy50K-rlnyE": { "aid": "ocH1KowBWBy50K-rlnyE", "name": "D. Arnold", "citation_count": 34672, "hindex": 95, "paper_count": 675, "affiliation": "Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ", "email": "douglas.arnold@mcgill.ca", "slug_tail": "d-arnold" }, "HQVrK4wBWBy50K-r6fEv": { "aid": "HQVrK4wBWBy50K-r6fEv", "name": "G. Giovannoni", "citation_count": 41411, "hindex": 94, "paper_count": 1152, "affiliation": "Department of Neurology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London. ", "email": "g.giovannoni@qmul.ac.uk", "slug_tail": "g-giovannoni" }, "KubiK4wBWBy50K-r7PSJ": { "aid": "KubiK4wBWBy50K-r7PSJ", "name": "O. Hayaishi", "citation_count": 28914, "hindex": 93, "paper_count": 707, "affiliation": "Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka Japan, Suita, Osaka, Japan", "email": "hayaishi@obi.or.jp", "slug_tail": "o-hayaishi" }, "JdhiK4wBWBy50K-rOUGv": { "aid": "JdhiK4wBWBy50K-rOUGv", "name": "J. Derisi", "citation_count": 47816, "hindex": 93, "paper_count": 439, "affiliation": "From the Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics (C.M.-B., H.R., H.A.S., K.C.Z., J.L.D.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry (G.M.K., A.Y.), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (T.T.), and Neurology (S.A.J., V.C.D., J.M.G., M.R.W.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Rheumatology\/Immunology (R.A.H.-A., L.H.C.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology (M.P.G.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Neurology (J.M.C.), Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford; Division of Rheumatology (A.G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Kaiser Permanente (J.F.M.), San Francisco Medical Center; UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences (S.A.J., V.C.D., J.M.G., M.R.W.); and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub (J.L.D.), San Francisco, CA. ", "email": "joe@derisilab.ucsf.edu", "slug_tail": "j-derisi" }, "CbCWK4wBWBy50K-r7oo-": { "aid": "CbCWK4wBWBy50K-r7oo-", "name": "H. Gabius", "citation_count": 33698, "hindex": 93, "paper_count": 937, "affiliation": "Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterin\u00e4rstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany. ", "email": "gabius@tiph.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de", "slug_tail": "h-gabius" }, "o7RZK4wBWBy50K-rOKER": { "aid": "o7RZK4wBWBy50K-rOKER", "name": "Thomas E. Nichols", "citation_count": 63435, "hindex": 93, "paper_count": 478, "affiliation": "Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. ", "email": "thomas.nichols@bdi.ox.ac.uk", "slug_tail": "thomas-e-nichols" }, "ljI9K4wBWBy50K-rdyX0": { "aid": "ljI9K4wBWBy50K-rdyX0", "name": "A. Bar-Or", "citation_count": 33059, "hindex": 93, "paper_count": 568, "affiliation": "Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. ", "email": "amitbar@mail.med.upenn.edu", "slug_tail": "a-bar-or" }, "GP-uK4wBWBy50K-rRGtB": { "aid": "GP-uK4wBWBy50K-rRGtB", "name": "R. Motl", "citation_count": 31784, "hindex": 92, "paper_count": 906, "affiliation": "Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. ", "email": "robmotl@uab.edu", "slug_tail": "r-motl" }, "p4bqKowBWBy50K-rBzDn": { "aid": "p4bqKowBWBy50K-rBzDn", "name": "J. Sareen", "citation_count": 29140, "hindex": 92, "paper_count": 497, "affiliation": "Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, PZ-430, 771 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3N4, Canada. ", "email": "JSareen@hsc.mb.ca", "slug_tail": "j-sareen" } }; //console.log(authors_data); displayResults_author(authors_data); var keywordsArray = ["Multiple Sclerosis","Autoimmune Markers","Oligoclonal Bands","Magnetic Resonance Imaging","Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein","Aquaporin-4","Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis"]; displayKeywordAuthors(keywordsArray); </script></p> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-categories"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 112c0-26.51 21.49-48 48-48h110.014a48 48 0 0143.592 27.907l12.349 26.791A16 16 0 00228.486 128H464c26.51 0 48 21.49 48 48v224c0 26.51-21.49 48-48 48H48c-26.51 0-48-21.49-48-48V112z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/category/multiple-sclerosis/" rel="category tag">Multiple Sclerosis</a></span> <span class="tags-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"/><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/tag/aquaporin-4/" rel="tag">Aquaporin-4</a>, <a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/tag/autoimmune-markers/" rel="tag">Autoimmune Markers</a>, <a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/tag/magnetic-resonance-imaging/" rel="tag">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/tag/multiple-sclerosis/" rel="tag">Multiple Sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/tag/myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein/" rel="tag">Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein</a>, <a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/tag/oligoclonal-bands/" rel="tag">Oligoclonal Bands</a>, <a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/tag/pediatric-multiple-sclerosis/" rel="tag">Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis</a></span> <nav id="nav-below" class="post-navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <div class="nav-previous"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow-left"><svg viewBox="0 0 192 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M178.425 138.212c0 2.265-1.133 4.813-2.832 6.512L64.276 256.001l111.317 111.277c1.7 1.7 2.832 4.247 2.832 6.513 0 2.265-1.133 4.813-2.832 6.512L161.43 394.46c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.514 2.832-2.266 0-4.816-1.133-6.515-2.832L16.407 262.514c-1.699-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.513 0-2.265 1.133-4.813 2.832-6.512l131.994-131.947c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.831 6.515-2.831 2.265 0 4.815 1.132 6.514 2.831l14.163 14.157c1.7 1.7 2.832 3.965 2.832 6.513z" fill-rule="nonzero" /></svg></span><span class="prev"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/parkinsons-disease/innovations-in-parkinsons-disease-research-and-treatment/" rel="prev">Innovations in Parkinson’s Disease Research and Treatment</a></span></div><div class="nav-next"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow-right"><svg viewBox="0 0 192 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M178.425 256.001c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.832 6.515L43.599 394.509c-1.7 1.7-4.248 2.833-6.514 2.833s-4.816-1.133-6.515-2.833l-14.163-14.162c-1.699-1.7-2.832-3.966-2.832-6.515 0-2.266 1.133-4.815 2.832-6.515l111.317-111.316L16.407 144.685c-1.699-1.7-2.832-4.249-2.832-6.515s1.133-4.815 2.832-6.515l14.163-14.162c1.7-1.7 4.249-2.833 6.515-2.833s4.815 1.133 6.514 2.833l131.994 131.993c1.7 1.7 2.832 4.249 2.832 6.515z" fill-rule="nonzero" /></svg></span><span class="next"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/myasthenia-gravis/advancements-in-the-treatment-of-myasthenia-gravis-from-traditional-immunotherapies-to-novel-biologics/" rel="next">Advancements in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis: From Traditional Immunotherapies to Novel Biologics</a></span></div> </nav> </footer> </div> </article> </main> </div> <div class="widget-area sidebar is-right-sidebar" id="right-sidebar"> <div class="inside-right-sidebar"> <aside id="block-2" class="widget inner-padding widget_block widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" action="https://neurocare.blog/archive/" class="wp-block-search__button-outside wp-block-search__text-button wp-block-search" ><label class="wp-block-search__label" for="wp-block-search__input-1" >Search</label><div class="wp-block-search__inside-wrapper " ><input class="wp-block-search__input" id="wp-block-search__input-1" placeholder="" value="" type="search" name="s" required /><button aria-label="Search" class="wp-block-search__button wp-element-button" type="submit" >Search</button></div></form></aside><aside id="block-3" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Recent Posts</h2><ul class="wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts"><li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/neurodegenerative-diseases/neuropathic-pain-in-neurodegenerative-diseases-pathophysiology-and-treatment-advances/">Neuropathic Pain in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pathophysiology and Treatment Advances</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/neuro/febrile-infection-related-epilepsy-syndrome-fires-clinical-challenges-and-emerging-treatments/">Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): Clinical Challenges and Emerging Treatments</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/neuropathogenesis/understanding-the-neuropathogenesis-of-sars-cov-2-a-review/">Understanding the Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2: A Review</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/shear-wave-elastography/innovations-in-brain-tumor-surgery-the-role-of-shear-wave-elastography/">Innovations in Brain Tumor Surgery: The Role of Shear Wave Elastography</a></li> <li><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/myasthenia-gravis/advancements-in-the-treatment-of-myasthenia-gravis-from-traditional-immunotherapies-to-novel-biologics/">Advancements in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis: From Traditional Immunotherapies to Novel Biologics</a></li> </ul></div></div></aside><aside id="block-4" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><h2 class="wp-block-heading">Recent Comments</h2><div class="no-comments wp-block-latest-comments">No comments to show.</div></div></div></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer footer-bar-active footer-bar-align-right"> <footer class="site-info" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope> <div class="inside-site-info grid-container"> <div class="footer-bar"> <aside id="nav_menu-2" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-34" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-33" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-32" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-32"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/terms-and-conditions/">Terms and Conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-30" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30"><a href="https://neurocare.blog/archive/about-us/">About us</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="copyright-bar"> © 2024 Neurology </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script> <div class="gp-modal gp-search-modal" id="gp-search"> <div class="gp-modal__overlay" tabindex="-1" data-gpmodal-close> <div class="gp-modal__container"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-modal-form" action="https://neurocare.blog/archive/"> <label for="search-modal-input" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <div class="search-modal-fields"> <input id="search-modal-input" type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button aria-label="Search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg></span></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/js/sticky.min.js?ver=2.4.1" id="generate-sticky-js"></script>  <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-menu-js"></script> <script src="https://neurocare.blog/archive/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/dist/modal.js?ver=3.4.0" id="generate-modal-js"></script> </body> </html>